Primary
|
Outcome
|
Person Years
|
Events
|
HR Lower
|
HR Est.
|
HR Upper
|
p Value
|
Parameter Est.
|
Std. Error
|
PM2.5
|
Death
|
7,687,414
|
132,205
|
1.019
|
1.028
|
1.038
|
<.0001
|
0.0093
|
0.0016
|
CVD Death
|
7,148,127
|
33,279
|
1.045
|
1.067
|
1.089
|
<.0001
|
0.0215
|
0.0035
|
CVD
|
7,257,889
|
70,623
|
1.036
|
1.049
|
1.062
|
<.0001
|
0.0159
|
0.0021
|
MI
|
6,428,266
|
30,639
|
1.037
|
1.057
|
1.077
|
<.0001
|
0.0185
|
0.0032
|
Stroke
|
6,370,430
|
27,376
|
1.007
|
1.026
|
1.046
|
0.0088
|
0.0087
|
0.0033
|
NO2
|
Death
|
7,687,414
|
132,205
|
1.022
|
1.031
|
1.040
|
<.0001
|
0.0051
|
0.0007
|
CVD Death
|
7,148,127
|
33,279
|
1.033
|
1.055
|
1.076
|
<.0001
|
0.0089
|
0.0017
|
CVD
|
7,257,889
|
70,623
|
1.008
|
1.020
|
1.033
|
0.0015
|
0.0033
|
0.0010
|
MI
|
6,428,266
|
30,639
|
1.019
|
1.038
|
1.058
|
<.0001
|
0.0063
|
0.0016
|
Stroke
|
6,370,430
|
27,376
|
0.979
|
0.997
|
1.017
|
0.7930
|
−0.0004
|
0.0016
|
O3
|
Death
|
7,687,414
|
132,205
|
0.983
|
0.991
|
1.000
|
0.0488
|
−0.0017
|
0.0009
|
CVD Death
|
6,342,847
|
33,085
|
0.977
|
0.995
|
1.014
|
0.6282
|
−0.0009
|
0.0019
|
CVD
|
7,257,889
|
70,623
|
0.978
|
0.989
|
1.001
|
0.0640
|
−0.0022
|
0.0012
|
MI
|
6,428,266
|
30,639
|
0.967
|
0.984
|
1.001
|
0.0672
|
−0.0032
|
0.0018
|
Stroke
|
6,370,430
|
27,376
|
0.950
|
0.967
|
0.985
|
0.0003
|
−0.0067
|
0.0019
|
Reduced
|
Outcome
|
Person Years
|
Events
|
HR Lower
|
HR Est.
|
HR Upper
|
p Value
|
Parameter Est.
|
Std. Error
|
PM2.5
|
Death
|
7,649,109
|
131,293
|
1.023
|
1.033
|
1.042
|
<.0001
|
0.0108
|
0.0016
|
CVD Death
|
7,106,288
|
32,982
|
1.051
|
1.073
|
1.095
|
<.0001
|
0.0236
|
0.0035
|
CVD
|
7,220,320
|
70,275
|
1.043
|
1.056
|
1.069
|
<.0001
|
0.0182
|
0.0021
|
MI
|
6,391,724
|
30,512
|
1.047
|
1.067
|
1.087
|
<.0001
|
0.0215
|
0.0032
|
Stroke
|
6,335,277
|
27,260
|
1.012
|
1.032
|
1.052
|
0.0014
|
0.0105
|
0.0033
|
NO2
|
Death
|
7,649,109
|
131,293
|
1.026
|
1.035
|
1.044
|
<.0001
|
0.0057
|
0.0007
|
CVD Death
|
7,106,288
|
32,982
|
1.038
|
1.059
|
1.081
|
<.0001
|
0.0096
|
0.0017
|
CVD
|
7,220,320
|
70,275
|
1.015
|
1.027
|
1.040
|
<.0001
|
0.0044
|
0.0010
|
MI
|
6,391,724
|
30,512
|
1.028
|
1.048
|
1.067
|
<.0001
|
0.0077
|
0.0016
|
Stroke
|
6,335,277
|
27,260
|
0.985
|
1.004
|
1.023
|
0.7128
|
0.0006
|
0.0016
|
O3
|
Death
|
7,649,109
|
131,293
|
0.980
|
0.988
|
0.997
|
0.0079
|
−0.0023
|
0.0009
|
CVD Death
|
6,305,845
|
32,788
|
0.974
|
0.993
|
1.012
|
0.4487
|
−0.0015
|
0.0019
|
CVD
|
7,220,320
|
70,275
|
0.973
|
0.985
|
0.996
|
0.0079
|
−0.0031
|
0.0012
|
MI
|
6,391,724
|
30,512
|
0.961
|
0.977
|
0.994
|
0.0092
|
−0.0046
|
0.0018
|
Stroke
|
6,335,277
|
27,260
|
0.945
|
0.962
|
0.980
|
<.0001
|
−0.0076
|
0.0019
|
Sensitivity 1
|
Outcome
|
Person Years
|
Events
|
HR Lower
|
HR Est.
|
HR Upper
|
p Value
|
Parameter Est.
|
Std. Error
|
PM2.5
|
Death
|
7,702,397
|
132,279
|
1.022
|
1.031
|
1.041
|
<.0001
|
0.0103
|
0.0016
|
CVD Death
|
7,157,762
|
33,297
|
1.050
|
1.072
|
1.094
|
<.0001
|
0.0232
|
0.0035
|
CVD
|
7,273,099
|
70,688
|
1.040
|
1.053
|
1.066
|
<.0001
|
0.0172
|
0.0021
|
MI
|
6,440,300
|
30,669
|
1.040
|
1.060
|
1.080
|
<.0001
|
0.0194
|
0.0032
|
Stroke
|
6,383,238
|
27,414
|
1.010
|
1.030
|
1.050
|
0.0032
|
0.0097
|
0.0033
|
NO2
|
Death
|
7,702,397
|
132,279
|
1.026
|
1.035
|
1.045
|
<.0001
|
0.0058
|
0.0007
|
CVD Death
|
7,355,807
|
34,365
|
1.039
|
1.060
|
1.082
|
<.0001
|
0.0097
|
0.0017
|
CVD
|
7,460,965
|
72,416
|
1.011
|
1.024
|
1.036
|
0.0002
|
0.0039
|
0.0010
|
MI
|
6,440,300
|
30,669
|
1.022
|
1.041
|
1.060
|
<.0001
|
0.0067
|
0.0016
|
Stroke
|
6,383,238
|
27,414
|
0.982
|
1.000
|
1.019
|
0.9777
|
0.0000
|
0.0016
|
O3
|
Death
|
7,702,397
|
132,279
|
0.979
|
0.988
|
0.996
|
0.0056
|
−0.0024
|
0.0009
|
CVD Death
|
6,352,482
|
33,103
|
0.971
|
0.990
|
1.009
|
0.2980
|
−0.0020
|
0.0019
|
CVD
|
7,273,099
|
70,688
|
0.975
|
0.986
|
0.998
|
0.0197
|
−0.0027
|
0.0012
|
MI
|
6,440,300
|
30,669
|
0.965
|
0.982
|
0.999
|
0.0372
|
−0.0037
|
0.0018
|
Stroke
|
6,383,238
|
27,414
|
0.947
|
0.965
|
0.983
|
0.0001
|
−0.0072
|
0.0019
|
Sensitivity 2
|
Outcome
|
Person Years
|
Events
|
HR Lower
|
HR Est.
|
HR Upper
|
p Value
|
Parameter Est.
|
Std. Error
|
PM2.5
|
Death
|
2,220,456
|
21,500
|
1.001
|
1.025
|
1.049
|
0.0401
|
0.0082
|
0.0040
|
CVD Death
|
1,397,593
|
4,471
|
1.013
|
1.063
|
1.115
|
0.0125
|
0.0203
|
0.0081
|
CVD
|
2,117,617
|
10,798
|
0.985
|
1.016
|
1.047
|
0.3123
|
0.0053
|
0.0052
|
MI
|
1,823,711
|
4,673
|
0.949
|
0.993
|
1.038
|
0.7445
|
−0.0025
|
0.0076
|
Stroke
|
1,638,552
|
5,364
|
0.956
|
0.999
|
1.043
|
0.9564
|
−0.0004
|
0.0074
|
NO2
|
Death
|
4,140,847
|
36,272
|
1.040
|
1.061
|
1.082
|
<.0001
|
0.0098
|
0.0017
|
CVD Death
|
1,458,383
|
4,739
|
1.038
|
1.083
|
1.130
|
0.0002
|
0.0133
|
0.0036
|
CVD
|
2,195,400
|
11,186
|
0.997
|
1.024
|
1.053
|
0.0852
|
0.0040
|
0.0023
|
MI
|
1,823,711
|
4,673
|
0.966
|
1.006
|
1.048
|
0.7803
|
0.0010
|
0.0035
|
Stroke
|
1,638,552
|
5,364
|
0.960
|
0.998
|
1.038
|
0.9188
|
−0.0003
|
0.0033
|
O3
|
Death
|
2,220,456
|
21,500
|
0.934
|
0.957
|
0.980
|
0.0003
|
−0.0088
|
0.0025
|
CVD Death
|
1,397,593
|
4,471
|
0.896
|
0.942
|
0.991
|
0.0218
|
−0.0119
|
0.0052
|
CVD
|
2,117,617
|
10,798
|
0.926
|
0.957
|
0.989
|
0.0096
|
−0.0087
|
0.0034
|
MI
|
1,823,711
|
4,673
|
0.918
|
0.966
|
1.016
|
0.1781
|
−0.0070
|
0.0052
|
Stroke
|
1,638,552
|
5,364
|
0.913
|
0.957
|
1.002
|
0.0612
|
−0.0089
|
0.0047
|
Sensitivity 3
|
Outcome
|
Person Years
|
Events
|
HR Lower
|
HR Est.
|
HR Upper
|
p Value
|
Parameter Est.
|
Std. Error
|
PM2.5
|
Death
|
2,235,439
|
21,574
|
1.004
|
1.028
|
1.052
|
0.0201
|
0.0092
|
0.0040
|
CVD Death
|
1,402,410
|
4,480
|
1.020
|
1.069
|
1.121
|
0.0056
|
0.0224
|
0.0081
|
CVD
|
2,132,828
|
10,863
|
0.990
|
1.020
|
1.052
|
0.1932
|
0.0067
|
0.0052
|
MI
|
1,835,745
|
4,703
|
0.954
|
0.998
|
1.044
|
0.9188
|
−0.0008
|
0.0076
|
Stroke
|
1,651,360
|
5,402
|
0.960
|
1.003
|
1.048
|
0.8897
|
0.0010
|
0.0074
|
NO2
|
Death
|
2,334,849
|
22,826
|
1.044
|
1.064
|
1.084
|
<.0001
|
0.0103
|
0.0016
|
CVD Death
|
1,463,200
|
4,748
|
1.045
|
1.088
|
1.133
|
<.0001
|
0.0141
|
0.0034
|
CVD
|
2,210,611
|
11,251
|
1.005
|
1.031
|
1.058
|
0.0205
|
0.0051
|
0.0022
|
MI
|
1,892,030
|
4,858
|
0.975
|
1.014
|
1.055
|
0.4811
|
0.0023
|
0.0033
|
Stroke
|
1,708,569
|
5,563
|
0.971
|
1.008
|
1.046
|
0.6837
|
0.0013
|
0.0032
|
O3
|
Death
|
2,235,439
|
21,574
|
0.927
|
0.949
|
0.972
|
<.0001
|
−0.0104
|
0.0025
|
CVD Death
|
1,402,410
|
4,480
|
0.888
|
0.934
|
0.983
|
0.0083
|
−0.0137
|
0.0052
|
CVD
|
2,132,828
|
10,863
|
0.922
|
0.953
|
0.984
|
0.0039
|
−0.0097
|
0.0034
|
MI
|
1,835,745
|
4,703
|
0.913
|
0.960
|
1.010
|
0.1132
|
−0.0082
|
0.0052
|
Stroke
|
1,651,360
|
5,402
|
0.911
|
0.954
|
0.999
|
0.0461
|
−0.0094
|
0.0047
|
