install.packages(“dplyr”) library(dplyr) library(stargazer) library(caret) library(MASS) library ( ISLR ) library(“psych”) library(“MASS”) library(“ggord”) library(“devtools”) library(“ggplot2”) library(“tidyverse”) library(“survival”)

#library(epitools)

## Load Data

Final_data <- read.csv(file = "C:/Users/Issac/OneDrive/Desktop/Meharry/MSDS 565 Predictive Modeling and Analytics/Predicitive Modeling/GUSTO_sample4p.csv") 
summary(Final_data)
     DAY30              SEX              AGE             A65             KILLIP     
 Min.   :0.00000   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :28.37   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :1.000  
 1st Qu.:0.00000   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:53.43   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:1.000  
 Median :0.00000   Median :0.0000   Median :62.84   Median :0.0000   Median :1.000  
 Mean   :0.06624   Mean   :0.2586   Mean   :61.82   Mean   :0.4166   Mean   :1.243  
 3rd Qu.:0.00000   3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:70.67   3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:1.000  
 Max.   :1.00000   Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :86.00   Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :4.000  
      SHO               DIA              HYP               HRT              ANT        
 Min.   :0.00000   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.00000   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.0000  
 1st Qu.:0.00000   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:0.00000   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:0.0000  
 Median :0.00000   Median :0.0000   Median :0.00000   Median :0.0000   Median :0.0000  
 Mean   :0.02675   Mean   :0.1083   Mean   :0.05096   Mean   :0.2662   Mean   :0.3554  
 3rd Qu.:0.00000   3rd Qu.:0.0000   3rd Qu.:0.00000   3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:1.0000  
 Max.   :1.00000   Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :1.00000   Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :1.0000  
      PMI              HEI             WEI              HTN              SMK       
 Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :141.3   Min.   : 40.00   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :1.000  
 1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:163.0   1st Qu.: 66.00   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:1.000  
 Median :0.0000   Median :170.0   Median : 75.00   Median :0.0000   Median :2.000  
 Mean   :0.1783   Mean   :169.2   Mean   : 75.24   Mean   :0.3758   Mean   :1.943  
 3rd Qu.:0.0000   3rd Qu.:175.0   3rd Qu.: 84.00   3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:3.000  
 Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :197.0   Max.   :128.00   Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :3.000  
      LIP              PAN              FAM             STE              ST4       
 Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.0000   Min.   :0.000   Min.   : 0.000   Min.   :0.000  
 1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:0.0000   1st Qu.:0.000   1st Qu.: 3.000   1st Qu.:0.000  
 Median :0.0000   Median :0.0000   Median :0.000   Median : 4.000   Median :0.000  
 Mean   :0.3885   Mean   :0.3758   Mean   :0.414   Mean   : 4.266   Mean   :0.414  
 3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:1.0000   3rd Qu.:1.000   3rd Qu.: 6.000   3rd Qu.:1.000  
 Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :1.0000   Max.   :1.000   Max.   :10.000   Max.   :1.000  
      TTR        
 Min.   :0.0000  
 1st Qu.:0.0000  
 Median :1.0000  
 Mean   :0.5032  
 3rd Qu.:1.0000  
 Max.   :1.0000  

##a) Mortality of patients with hypertension
model_hypertension <- glm(DAY30 ~ HYP, data = Final_data, family = binomial)
summary(model_hypertension)

Call:
glm(formula = DAY30 ~ HYP, family = binomial, data = Final_data)

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)    
(Intercept)  -2.6981     0.1507   -17.9   <2e-16 ***
HYP           0.7522     0.5013     1.5    0.133    
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

(Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)

    Null deviance: 382.78  on 784  degrees of freedom
Residual deviance: 380.86  on 783  degrees of freedom
AIC: 384.86

Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 5
# Calculate the unadjusted odds ratio
exp(coef(model_hypertension))
(Intercept)         HYP 
 0.06733524  2.12158055 
# Surprisingly it appears that hypertension is statistically insignificant pertaining to the 30 Day mortality rate.
#Exclude Hypertension
no_hyper <- subset(Final_data,select = -c(HYP))
no_hyper
##a) Mortality of patients without hypertension
wo_hypertension <- glm(DAY30 ~. , data = no_hyper, family = binomial)
summary(wo_hypertension)

Call:
glm(formula = DAY30 ~ ., family = binomial, data = no_hyper)

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)    
(Intercept) -5.01007    4.72859  -1.060 0.289361    
SEX         -0.71396    0.49227  -1.450 0.146963    
AGE          0.11343    0.03232   3.510 0.000448 ***
A65         -0.70775    0.59934  -1.181 0.237646    
KILLIP       0.51446    0.35980   1.430 0.152763    
SHO          0.12724    0.82069   0.155 0.876785    
DIA          0.74227    0.46837   1.585 0.113012    
HRT          0.97605    0.33619   2.903 0.003693 ** 
ANT          0.47970    0.38312   1.252 0.210543    
PMI          0.75349    0.40826   1.846 0.064949 .  
HEI         -0.02546    0.02665  -0.956 0.339287    
WEI         -0.02083    0.01658  -1.256 0.209068    
HTN          0.06971    0.33346   0.209 0.834402    
SMK          0.15481    0.24463   0.633 0.526844    
LIP          0.08528    0.34831   0.245 0.806574    
PAN         -0.34268    0.38874  -0.882 0.378038    
FAM         -0.27687    0.34141  -0.811 0.417384    
STE         -0.29543    0.17546  -1.684 0.092224 .  
ST4          0.74336    0.58951   1.261 0.207316    
TTR          0.69204    0.33941   2.039 0.041453 *  
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

(Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)

    Null deviance: 382.78  on 784  degrees of freedom
Residual deviance: 293.12  on 765  degrees of freedom
AIC: 333.12

Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 7
# Calculate the unadjusted odds ratio
exp(coef(wo_hypertension))
(Intercept)         SEX         AGE         A65      KILLIP         SHO         DIA 
 0.00667047  0.48969966  1.12011778  0.49275065  1.67272791  1.13569409  2.10070433 
        HRT         ANT         PMI         HEI         WEI         HTN         SMK 
 2.65395049  1.61559074  2.12441171  0.97485758  0.97938354  1.07220153  1.16743286 
        LIP         PAN         FAM         STE         ST4         TTR 
 1.08902468  0.70986455  0.75815407  0.74421238  2.10298460  1.99779667 
##b) Mortality of patients with a family history of MI compared to patients without family history

MI_FAM <- subset(Final_data,FAM==1)
NO_MI_FAM <- subset(Final_data,FAM==0)

mi_history <- glm(DAY30 ~., data = MI_FAM, family = binomial)
summary(mi_history)

Call:
glm(formula = DAY30 ~ ., family = binomial, data = MI_FAM)

Coefficients: (1 not defined because of singularities)
             Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)  
(Intercept) -2.285545   7.956871  -0.287   0.7739  
SEX         -0.927046   0.872610  -1.062   0.2881  
AGE          0.078983   0.055312   1.428   0.1533  
A65         -0.781837   1.013008  -0.772   0.4402  
KILLIP       0.690892   0.653219   1.058   0.2902  
SHO         -0.380607   1.580247  -0.241   0.8097  
DIA          0.556760   0.784431   0.710   0.4779  
HYP          0.699866   1.140773   0.614   0.5395  
HRT          0.372433   0.617677   0.603   0.5465  
ANT          0.622005   0.680552   0.914   0.3607  
PMI          1.386438   0.640317   2.165   0.0304 *
HEI         -0.045504   0.046088  -0.987   0.3235  
WEI         -0.007371   0.029400  -0.251   0.8020  
HTN          0.985317   0.633269   1.556   0.1197  
SMK          0.248901   0.454502   0.548   0.5839  
LIP          0.207366   0.595804   0.348   0.7278  
PAN         -0.508513   0.655756  -0.775   0.4381  
FAM                NA         NA      NA       NA  
STE         -0.104075   0.310706  -0.335   0.7377  
ST4          0.495747   1.112214   0.446   0.6558  
TTR          0.853317   0.631218   1.352   0.1764  
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

(Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)

    Null deviance: 139.15  on 324  degrees of freedom
Residual deviance: 104.40  on 305  degrees of freedom
AIC: 144.4

Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 7
no_mi_history <- glm(DAY30 ~., data = NO_MI_FAM, family = binomial)
summary(no_mi_history)

Call:
glm(formula = DAY30 ~ ., family = binomial, data = NO_MI_FAM)

Coefficients: (1 not defined because of singularities)
              Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)   
(Intercept) -8.984e+00  6.352e+00  -1.414  0.15724   
SEX         -7.658e-01  6.791e-01  -1.128  0.25948   
AGE          1.225e-01  4.356e-02   2.813  0.00491 **
A65         -5.412e-01  7.948e-01  -0.681  0.49588   
KILLIP       6.269e-01  4.567e-01   1.373  0.16982   
SHO          1.243e-02  1.052e+00   0.012  0.99057   
DIA          8.411e-01  6.363e-01   1.322  0.18624   
HYP          1.140e+00  7.263e-01   1.570  0.11642   
HRT          1.379e+00  4.435e-01   3.109  0.00188 **
ANT          5.425e-01  5.153e-01   1.053  0.29240   
PMI          3.007e-01  5.765e-01   0.522  0.60198   
HEI         -1.211e-05  3.511e-02   0.000  0.99972   
WEI         -3.516e-02  2.241e-02  -1.569  0.11662   
HTN         -2.855e-01  4.559e-01  -0.626  0.53114   
SMK          1.434e-01  3.131e-01   0.458  0.64703   
LIP          1.509e-01  4.650e-01   0.324  0.74560   
PAN         -1.850e-01  5.100e-01  -0.363  0.71679   
FAM                 NA         NA      NA       NA   
STE         -3.638e-01  2.126e-01  -1.711  0.08712 . 
ST4          7.489e-01  7.441e-01   1.006  0.31420   
TTR          6.396e-01  4.339e-01   1.474  0.14053   
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

(Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)

    Null deviance: 242.55  on 459  degrees of freedom
Residual deviance: 175.46  on 440  degrees of freedom
AIC: 215.46

Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 7
# Calculate the unadjusted odds ratio
exp(coef(mi_history))
(Intercept)         SEX         AGE         A65      KILLIP         SHO         DIA 
  0.1017186   0.3957210   1.0821854   0.4575648   1.9954956   0.6834463   1.7450097 
        HYP         HRT         ANT         PMI         HEI         WEI         HTN 
  2.0134830   1.4512611   1.8626594   4.0005729   0.9555156   0.9926562   2.6786610 
        SMK         LIP         PAN         FAM         STE         ST4         TTR 
  1.2826154   1.2304325   0.6013890          NA   0.9011579   1.6417245   2.3474199 
# Calculate the unadjusted odds ratio
exp(coef(no_mi_history))
 (Intercept)          SEX          AGE          A65       KILLIP          SHO 
0.0001253599 0.4649744250 1.1303499522 0.5820311181 1.8717770142 1.0125123945 
         DIA          HYP          HRT          ANT          PMI          HEI 
2.3188933823 3.1274226230 3.9704679302 1.7203769887 1.3508117497 0.9999878856 
         WEI          HTN          SMK          LIP          PAN          FAM 
0.9654484385 0.7516349561 1.1541477093 1.1628367769 0.8310948009           NA 
         STE          ST4          TTR 
0.6950545548 2.1146501246 1.8956578473 
# Table of unadjusted odds ratios
table(exp(coef(mi_history)),exp(coef(no_mi_history)))
                   
                    0.000125359940671297 0.464974424974044 0.58203111811277
  0.101718593276656                    1                 0                0
  0.395721004571528                    0                 1                0
  0.457564786811585                    0                 0                1
  0.601388976165652                    0                 0                0
  0.683446341544921                    0                 0                0
  0.90115786366715                     0                 0                0
  0.955515632560991                    0                 0                0
  0.992656212837062                    0                 0                0
  1.08218540628884                     0                 0                0
  1.23043246747591                     0                 0                0
  1.28261541677541                     0                 0                0
  1.45126114168593                     0                 0                0
  1.64172448870533                     0                 0                0
  1.74500967180091                     0                 0                0
  1.86265935590802                     0                 0                0
  1.99549560317865                     0                 0                0
  2.01348301047689                     0                 0                0
  2.34741985411732                     0                 0                0
  2.67866102529081                     0                 0                0
  4.00057287954461                     0                 0                0
                   
                    0.695054554761247 0.751634956103207 0.831094800883081
  0.101718593276656                 0                 0                 0
  0.395721004571528                 0                 0                 0
  0.457564786811585                 0                 0                 0
  0.601388976165652                 0                 0                 1
  0.683446341544921                 0                 0                 0
  0.90115786366715                  1                 0                 0
  0.955515632560991                 0                 0                 0
  0.992656212837062                 0                 0                 0
  1.08218540628884                  0                 0                 0
  1.23043246747591                  0                 0                 0
  1.28261541677541                  0                 0                 0
  1.45126114168593                  0                 0                 0
  1.64172448870533                  0                 0                 0
  1.74500967180091                  0                 0                 0
  1.86265935590802                  0                 0                 0
  1.99549560317865                  0                 0                 0
  2.01348301047689                  0                 0                 0
  2.34741985411732                  0                 0                 0
  2.67866102529081                  0                 1                 0
  4.00057287954461                  0                 0                 0
                   
                    0.965448438517011 0.999987885593354 1.01251239452578
  0.101718593276656                 0                 0                0
  0.395721004571528                 0                 0                0
  0.457564786811585                 0                 0                0
  0.601388976165652                 0                 0                0
  0.683446341544921                 0                 0                1
  0.90115786366715                  0                 0                0
  0.955515632560991                 0                 1                0
  0.992656212837062                 1                 0                0
  1.08218540628884                  0                 0                0
  1.23043246747591                  0                 0                0
  1.28261541677541                  0                 0                0
  1.45126114168593                  0                 0                0
  1.64172448870533                  0                 0                0
  1.74500967180091                  0                 0                0
  1.86265935590802                  0                 0                0
  1.99549560317865                  0                 0                0
  2.01348301047689                  0                 0                0
  2.34741985411732                  0                 0                0
  2.67866102529081                  0                 0                0
  4.00057287954461                  0                 0                0
                   
                    1.13034995219644 1.15414770931069 1.16283677692187 1.35081174974651
  0.101718593276656                0                0                0                0
  0.395721004571528                0                0                0                0
  0.457564786811585                0                0                0                0
  0.601388976165652                0                0                0                0
  0.683446341544921                0                0                0                0
  0.90115786366715                 0                0                0                0
  0.955515632560991                0                0                0                0
  0.992656212837062                0                0                0                0
  1.08218540628884                 1                0                0                0
  1.23043246747591                 0                0                1                0
  1.28261541677541                 0                1                0                0
  1.45126114168593                 0                0                0                0
  1.64172448870533                 0                0                0                0
  1.74500967180091                 0                0                0                0
  1.86265935590802                 0                0                0                0
  1.99549560317865                 0                0                0                0
  2.01348301047689                 0                0                0                0
  2.34741985411732                 0                0                0                0
  2.67866102529081                 0                0                0                0
  4.00057287954461                 0                0                0                1
                   
                    1.72037698866098 1.87177701418154 1.89565784727504 2.11465012460796
  0.101718593276656                0                0                0                0
  0.395721004571528                0                0                0                0
  0.457564786811585                0                0                0                0
  0.601388976165652                0                0                0                0
  0.683446341544921                0                0                0                0
  0.90115786366715                 0                0                0                0
  0.955515632560991                0                0                0                0
  0.992656212837062                0                0                0                0
  1.08218540628884                 0                0                0                0
  1.23043246747591                 0                0                0                0
  1.28261541677541                 0                0                0                0
  1.45126114168593                 0                0                0                0
  1.64172448870533                 0                0                0                1
  1.74500967180091                 0                0                0                0
  1.86265935590802                 1                0                0                0
  1.99549560317865                 0                1                0                0
  2.01348301047689                 0                0                0                0
  2.34741985411732                 0                0                1                0
  2.67866102529081                 0                0                0                0
  4.00057287954461                 0                0                0                0
                   
                    2.31889338231425 3.12742262298551 3.97046793020662
  0.101718593276656                0                0                0
  0.395721004571528                0                0                0
  0.457564786811585                0                0                0
  0.601388976165652                0                0                0
  0.683446341544921                0                0                0
  0.90115786366715                 0                0                0
  0.955515632560991                0                0                0
  0.992656212837062                0                0                0
  1.08218540628884                 0                0                0
  1.23043246747591                 0                0                0
  1.28261541677541                 0                0                0
  1.45126114168593                 0                0                1
  1.64172448870533                 0                0                0
  1.74500967180091                 1                0                0
  1.86265935590802                 0                0                0
  1.99549560317865                 0                0                0
  2.01348301047689                 0                1                0
  2.34741985411732                 0                0                0
  2.67866102529081                 0                0                0
  4.00057287954461                 0                0                0
#d) Compare the adjusted odds ration in b) and c) with the ones in question 1, are they the same? Why? (10 points)

# The odds ratios are diffent as question one took into hyptension alone as other variables. The no mi history is obviously different at 3.1274226230 vs 2.12158055
## Question 2: Predict 30-day Mortality
## a) Report your in an equation
prediction1 <- predict(model_hypertension,Final_data)
prediction2 <- predict(wo_hypertension,Final_data)
summary(prediction1)
   Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
 -2.698  -2.698  -2.698  -2.660  -2.698  -1.946 
summary(prediction2)
   Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
 -8.261  -4.554  -3.597  -3.553  -2.554   1.443 
#chooseCRANmirror()
# Specify a CRAN mirror directly in the install.packages function
install.packages("ggplot2", repos = "https://cloud.r-project.org")
Error in install.packages : Updating loaded packages
# Add this line to your .Rprofile file
options(repos = c(CRAN = "https://cloud.r-project.org"))

# Visual comparison of Mortality based on non-hypertension and hypertension
install.packages("ggplot2")
Error in install.packages : Updating loaded packages
library(ggplot2)
Warning: package ‘ggplot2’ was built under R version 4.3.3
ggplot(model_hypertension, aes(x = HYP )) + geom_point(aes(y = DAY30), color = "blue") + geom_line(aes(y = prediction1), color = "red") + ggtitle("Hypertension vs Non-Hypertension") + theme_minimal()

NA
NA
## c) Adjusted Odds Ratio for Family History of MI
# Calculate the adjusted odds ratio for family history
exp(coef(mi_history)["FAM"])
FAM 
 NA 
## Question 3: Interaction Terms
model_interaction <- glm(DAY30 ~ SEX * AGE + DIA * HYP, data = Final_data, family = binomial)
summary(model_interaction)

Call:
glm(formula = DAY30 ~ SEX * AGE + DIA * HYP, family = binomial, 
    data = Final_data)

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)    
(Intercept) -9.59845    1.42973  -6.713 1.90e-11 ***
SEX         -3.10633    3.38787  -0.917   0.3592    
AGE          0.10316    0.02041   5.053 4.34e-07 ***
DIA          0.80311    0.45364   1.770   0.0767 .  
HYP          0.35128    0.65526   0.536   0.5919    
SEX:AGE      0.03967    0.04605   0.862   0.3889    
DIA:HYP      0.56757    1.20835   0.470   0.6386    
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

(Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)

    Null deviance: 382.78  on 784  degrees of freedom
Residual deviance: 328.29  on 778  degrees of freedom
AIC: 342.29

Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 6
num_rows <- nrow(Final_data)
train_size <- round(0.7 * num_rows)
train_indices <- sample(1:num_rows, size = train_size)
training_data <- Final_data[train_indices, ]
testing_data <- Final_data[-train_indices, ]

## Question 4: Predict ST Elevation


## a) Poisson Regression Model

model_poisson <- glm(STE ~ SEX + AGE + DIA +  HYP + SMK + FAM, data = Final_data, family = poisson)
summary(model_poisson)

Call:
glm(formula = STE ~ SEX + AGE + DIA + HYP + SMK + FAM, family = poisson, 
    data = Final_data)

Coefficients:
              Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)    
(Intercept)  1.4460504  0.1038218  13.928   <2e-16 ***
SEX          0.0179893  0.0416059   0.432   0.6655    
AGE          0.0003943  0.0017347   0.227   0.8202    
DIA          0.0620090  0.0547282   1.133   0.2572    
HYP         -0.1547837  0.0844770  -1.832   0.0669 .  
SMK         -0.0020605  0.0237522  -0.087   0.9309    
FAM         -0.0488123  0.0356768  -1.368   0.1713    
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

(Dispersion parameter for poisson family taken to be 1)

    Null deviance: 645.02  on 784  degrees of freedom
Residual deviance: 638.21  on 778  degrees of freedom
AIC: 3172.2

Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 4
prediction_poss <- predict(model_poisson,training_data)
summary(prediction_poss)
   Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
  1.254   1.420   1.463   1.449   1.471   1.550 
## b) Negative Binomial Regression Model
library(MASS)

# Set a control of 50 iteration was chosen to bypass the error message "Warning: iteration limit reachedWarning: iteration limit reached"
model_negbinom <- glm.nb(STE ~ SEX + AGE + DIA +  HYP + SMK + FAM, data = Final_data,control= glm.control(maxit = 50))
Warning: iteration limit reachedWarning: NaNs producedWarning: iteration limit reachedWarning: NaNs produced
summary(model_negbinom)

Call:
glm.nb(formula = STE ~ SEX + AGE + DIA + HYP + SMK + FAM, data = Final_data, 
    control = glm.control(maxit = 50), init.theta = 237724054.9, 
    link = log)

Coefficients:
              Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)    
(Intercept)  1.4460504  0.1038224  13.928   <2e-16 ***
SEX          0.0179893  0.0416060   0.432   0.6655    
AGE          0.0003943  0.0017347   0.227   0.8202    
DIA          0.0620090  0.0547285   1.133   0.2572    
HYP         -0.1547837  0.0844781  -1.832   0.0669 .  
SMK         -0.0020605  0.0237524  -0.087   0.9309    
FAM         -0.0488123  0.0356770  -1.368   0.1713    
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

(Dispersion parameter for Negative Binomial(237724055) family taken to be 1)

    Null deviance: 645.02  on 784  degrees of freedom
Residual deviance: 638.21  on 778  degrees of freedom
AIC: 3174.2

Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 1
Error in prettyNum(.Internal(format(x, trim, digits, nsmall, width, 3L,  : 
  invalid 'nsmall' argument
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