Sleep_Patterns

2. Anaylsis

We will explore the questions in detail.

sleep = read.csv("https://www.lock5stat.com/datasets3e/SleepStudy.csv")
head(sleep)

##   Gender ClassYear LarkOwl NumEarlyClass EarlyClass  GPA ClassesMissed
## 1      0         4 Neither             0          0 3.60             0
## 2      0         4 Neither             2          1 3.24             0
## 3      0         4     Owl             0          0 2.97            12
## 4      0         1    Lark             5          1 3.76             0
## 5      0         4     Owl             0          0 3.20             4
## 6      1         4 Neither             0          0 3.50             0
##   CognitionZscore PoorSleepQuality DepressionScore AnxietyScore StressScore
## 1           -0.26                4               4            3           8
## 2            1.39                6               1            0           3
## 3            0.38               18              18           18           9
## 4            1.39                9               1            4           6
## 5            1.22                9               7           25          14
## 6           -0.04                6              14            8          28
##   DepressionStatus AnxietyStatus Stress DASScore Happiness AlcoholUse Drinks
## 1           normal        normal normal       15        28   Moderate     10
## 2           normal        normal normal        4        25   Moderate      6
## 3         moderate        severe normal       45        17      Light      3
## 4           normal        normal normal       11        32      Light      2
## 5           normal        severe normal       46        15   Moderate      4
## 6         moderate      moderate   high       50        22    Abstain      0
##   WeekdayBed WeekdayRise WeekdaySleep WeekendBed WeekendRise WeekendSleep
## 1      25.75        8.70         7.70      25.75        9.50         5.88
## 2      25.70        8.20         6.80      26.00       10.00         7.25
## 3      27.44        6.55         3.00      28.00       12.59        10.09
## 4      23.50        7.17         6.77      27.00        8.00         7.25
## 5      25.90        8.67         6.09      23.75        9.50         7.00
## 6      23.80        8.95         9.05      26.00       10.75         9.00
##   AverageSleep AllNighter
## 1         7.18          0
## 2         6.93          0
## 3         5.02          0
## 4         6.90          0
## 5         6.35          0
## 6         9.04          0

sleep$AlcoholUseGroup <- ifelse(sleep$AlcoholUse == "Abstain" | sleep$AlcoholUse == "Light", "Low Use", "High Use")

Q1: Is there a signficant difference in the average GPA between male and female college students?

cor(sleep$Gender, sleep$GPA,  use = "complete.obs")

## [1] -0.2445769

No, the gpa is relatively similar

Q2: Is there a significant difference in the average number of early classes between the first two class years and other class years?

hist(sleep$NumEarlyClass, main =" Number of Classes", xlab = "Ot")

Yes there is a significant difference, there were alot more classes in the early years compared to the later ones.

Q3. Do students who identify as “larks” have significantly better cognitive skills)cognition z-score) compared to “owls”?

summary(sleep$LarkOwl)

##    Length     Class      Mode 
##       253 character character

The cost is varied between periods of ups and downs

Q4. Is there a significant difference in the average number of classes missed in a semester between students who had at least one early class (EarlyClass=1) and those who didn’t (EarlyCLass=0)?

var(sleep$EarlyClass, sleep$ClassesMissed)

## [1] -0.147594

No, there isn’t a significant difference in the average number of classes missed between those who had an early class and those who didnt

Q5. Is there a significant difference in the average happiness level between students with at least moderate depression and normal depression status?

range(sleep$DepressionStatus, sleep$Happiness)

## [1] "0"      "severe"

Yes, there is a significant differnce in the average happiness level and the students with normal depression are alot happier than those with moderate.

Q6. Is there a significant difference in average sleep quality scores between students who reported having at least one-all nighter (AllNighter = 1) and those who didn’t (AllNighter = 0)?

var(sleep$AllNighter)

## [1] 0.116789

There is a signifcant difference as students who reported having at least one-all nighter had much lower sleep quality scores.

Q7. Do students who abstain from alcohol use have significantly better stress scores than those who report heavy alchol use?

summary(sleep$AlcoholUse)

##    Length     Class      Mode 
##       253 character character

Yes the students who abstain from alcohol usage do have significantly better stress scores than those who report heavy alchol use.

Q8. Is there a significant difference in the average number of drinks per week between students of different genders?

diff(sleep$Drinks+sleep$Gender)

##   [1]  -4  -3  -1   2  -3   6  -4   0   3   5   0  -7   2  -6   2   2   9  -2
##  [19]  -3  -7   1   5  -4  -3   1   8  -4  -2   2   3  -7   5   7 -13   1   2
##  [37]  -2   3   0   0  -1   0   1   1   5  -7   3   0   0   4  -7  -1   5  -2
##  [55]  -4   4   0   0   6  -5  -1   4  -3  -6   3  -3   6   1  -5  -2   5   0
##  [73]   6  -7  -3   2   2  -1   4  -6   6  -6   2  -4   1   3  -2  -2   3   2
##  [91]   2  -7   7   7  -3  -3  -2   5  -8   2  -2  -2   4   5  -1  -6   0   2
## [109]  -1  -3   0   0   7  -2   2   4  -9  -1   4   4  -3  -7   7  -7  13 -12
## [127]   6  -2  -4   8   0  -1  -3   8 -10   3  -4   5  -3   0   2  -2   0  -1
## [145]  -2   4   1   4  -2  -5   5   2  -7   3  -1   1  -6   8   0   0  -6   6
## [163]   8 -15   1   3   5   1  -6  -5  10  -7   6  -2   7   1  -4  -5  -3   8
## [181]   2  -2  -2  -5   5   1   0  -4   0   7 -13  11   2  -9   2  -6  11  -4
## [199]   2   2 -10   0  10  -4  14 -11 -10   7  -1  -6   7   4  -8   8 -11   1
## [217]   5   5  10  -5  -5  -1  -8   1  13   3  -8  -8  -1  23 -23   1   1   1
## [235]   5  -2  -4   5  -3   2  -7  12  -7  -1   2  -1  -6   4   1   0   3   6

Yes, male students drink more than the female students by a considerable margin.

Q9. Is there a significant difference in the average weekday bedttime between students with high and low stress (Stress=High vs Stress=Normal)?

summary(sleep$WeekdayBed, sleep$Stress)

##    Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
##   21.80   24.20   24.80   24.85   25.50   29.10

students with higher weekday bedtime are significantly less stressed than students with a lower weekday bedtime

Q10. Is there a significant difference in the average hour of sleep on weekends between first two year students and other students?

hist(sleep$ClassYear, main = "Average Hour of Sleep", xlab = "year")

Yes, the students in the other years slept less on the weekends than the first two year students did