Assignment 7

Question 1

Which countries spend the more on healthcare?

library(htmlwidgets)
#devtools::install_github('rstudio/DT')
library(DT)
datatable(HealthDT, options=list(pageLength = 10))

## Warning in grepl(pattern, text): input string 46 is invalid in this locale

library(rcdimple)

## Loading required package: htmltools

head(PerCapitaSpending[order(-PerCapitaSpending$Per.capita.total.spending.on.health),],20)%>%
dimple(x ="Location", y = "Per.capita.total.spending.on.health", type = "bar",width=1000, height=750) %>%
  xAxis(type = "addCategoryAxis") %>% 
  add_title( html = "<h4>Per Capita Total Spending on Healthcare</h4>")

The purpose of the figure below is to demonstrate how countries vary in terms of government spending in healthcare. As the graph indicates, the United States spends more than any other country in healthcare. United States also has one of the highest healthcare spending measured as a percentage of GDP (17.9%), surpasses only by the Marshall Islands (18%).

Per capita healthcare spending is also a feasible measure of government spending. The graph below shows the twenty countries with the highest per capita healthcare spending. As the figure indicates, United States leads the way with a total spending of 8362k per capita, followed by Luxembourg, Monaco, and Scandinavian countries.

Question 2

Which countries have among the best healthcare outcomes?

library(rcdimple)
library(htmltools)
head(TotalSpending[order(-TotalSpending$Private.prepaid.plans.as.percent.of.private.spending.on.health),],20)%>%
dimple(x ="Location", y = "Private.prepaid.plans.as.percent.of.private.spending.on.health", type = "bar",width=1000, height=750) %>%
  xAxis(type = "addCategoryAxis") %>% 
  add_title( html = "<h4>Percent of Private Health Plans Spent on Healthcare</h4>")

When discussing healthcare outcomes, we took into consideration the percent of private health plans spent on healthcare. With the increased presence of prepaid healthcare plans, individuals feel more encouraged to get health screenings and early detective and diagnostic tests, thus considerably improving the healthcare outcomes. As the figure indicates, United States and South Africa have the highest private prepaid plans (as a percentage of private spending on health).

Question 3

What is the relationship between spending and outcomes?

head(SpendingVsOutcome[order(-SpendingVsOutcome$Health.spending.percent.of.GDP),],40)%>%
dimple(x ="Location", y = "Health.spending.percent.of.GDP", type = "bar",width=1200, height=750) %>%
  xAxis(type = "addCategoryAxis") %>% 
  add_title( html = "<h4>Health Spending As Part of The Countries GDP</h4>")

In order to demonstrate the relationship between healthcare spending and outcomes, we decided to delve into the relationship of healthcare spending and countries’ GDP. The figure below compares the countries with the highest healthcare spending as part of the countries’ GDP. As aforementioned the United States and Marshall Islands have the highest healthcare spending as a ratio of GDP.

Question 4

Is government spending in healthcare useful?

head(GovernmentSpendingData[order(-GovernmentSpendingData$Per.capita.government.spending.on.health),],20)%>%
dimple(x ="Location", y = "Per.capita.government.spending.on.health", type = "bar",width=1000, height=750) %>%
  xAxis(type = "addCategoryAxis") %>% 
  add_title( html = "<h4>Highest Per Capita Government Spending Per Person</h4>")

head(GovernmentSpendingData[order(GovernmentSpendingData$Per.capita.government.spending.on.health),],20)%>%
dimple(x ="Location", y = "Per.capita.government.spending.on.health", type = "bar",width=1000, height=750) %>%
  xAxis(type = "addCategoryAxis") %>% 
  add_title( html = "<h4>Lowest Per Capita Government Spending Per Person</h4>")

In order to analyze if government spending was useful, we looked into per capita government spending per person. The figures below capture the countries with the highest and the lowest per capita government spending per person. By looking into per capita spending, we can get a bigger and clearer picture of how government healthcare spending affects the wellbeing of each person. As indicated below, Luxembourg, Monaco, Norway, and United States have the highest per capita government spending, respectively. In contrast, Ethiopia, Mali, and Pakistan have the lowest government healthcare spending per capita. It is crucial to point out that the countries with the highest per capita spending also had the best healthcare outcomes.