Positive Emotions: Averages and Graphs

Positive emotions are summarized by their mean and standard deviation under both controversial and non-controversial conditions. Below is the table of averages and the corresponding bar plot for visualization.

Positive Emotions by Controversial Condition (Mean and SD)
Variable Controversial_Mean Uncontroversial_Mean Controversial_SD Uncontroversial_SD
Interested 2.70 3.05 1.19 1.02
Excited 1.82 2.00 1.05 1.09
Strong 2.26 2.22 1.27 1.22
Enthusiastic 2.03 2.29 1.16 1.24
Proud 1.77 2.02 1.05 1.18
Alert 2.97 3.04 1.34 1.24
Inspired 1.95 2.22 1.19 1.27
Determined 2.44 2.55 1.33 1.27
Attentive 3.47 3.54 1.18 1.13
Active 2.49 2.42 1.28 1.24

Negative Emotions: Averages and Graphs

Negative emotions are summarized by their mean and standard deviation under both conditions. Below is the table of averages and the corresponding bar plot for visualization.

Negative Emotions by Controversial Condition (Mean and SD)
Variable Controversial_Mean Uncontroversial_Mean Controversial_SD Uncontroversial_SD
Distressed 1.68 1.42 1.02 0.84
Upset 1.68 1.32 1.09 0.69
Guilty 1.12 1.18 0.43 0.54
Scared 1.33 1.21 0.84 0.63
Hostile 1.62 1.25 1.02 0.64
Irritable 1.93 1.60 1.15 0.85
Ashamed 1.26 1.20 0.66 0.58
Nervous 1.43 1.36 0.83 0.76
Jittery 1.43 1.42 0.83 0.80
Afraid 1.30 1.23 0.75 0.65

Assumption tests

Positive emotions: The Shapiro-Wilk test for normality showed significant deviations from normality in both the controversial (W = 0.96621, p = 0.00019) and uncontroversial (W = 0.96949, p = 0.00014) conditions. Levene’s test for homogeneity of variance indicated no significant difference in variances (F(1, 396) = 0.6058, p = 0.437). Due to the violation of normality, we use the Mann-Whitney U test (Wilcoxon rank-sum test) for further analysis.

Negative emotions: The Shapiro-Wilk test for normality revealed significant deviations from normality in both the controversial (W = 0.78283, p < 2.73e-15) and uncontroversial (W = 0.68683, p < 2.2e-16) conditions. Levene’s test for homogeneity of variance showed a significant difference in variances (F(1, 396) = 5.7041, p = 0.017). Due to the violation of normality and homogeneity of variance, we use the Mann-Whitney U test (Wilcoxon rank-sum test) for further analysis.

Positive Emotions - Mann-Whitney U test

The Mann-Whitney U test (Wilcoxon rank-sum test) was conducted to compare the composite scores of positive emotions between controversial and uncontroversial conditions. The test evaluates whether the distribution of positive emotion scores differs significantly across these two conditions.

The results (W = 21489, p = 0.1186) indicate that there is no statistically significant difference in the positive emotions composite scores between the controversial and uncontroversial conditions. This suggests that the location shift (difference in medians) between the groups is not sufficient to reject the null hypothesis, implying comparable levels of positive emotions in both conditions.

## Warning: Computation failed in `stat_signif()`.
## Caused by error in `if (scales$x$map(comp[1]) == data$group[1] | manual) ...`:
## ! missing value where TRUE/FALSE needed

Negative Emotions - Mann-Whitney U test

The Mann-Whitney U test (Wilcoxon rank-sum test) was conducted to compare the composite scores of negative emotions between controversial and uncontroversial conditions. The test assesses whether the distribution of negative emotion scores differs significantly across these two conditions.

The results (W = 16328, p = 0.0025) indicate a statistically significant difference in the negative emotions composite scores between the controversial and uncontroversial conditions. This suggests that the location shift (difference in medians) between the groups is sufficient to reject the null hypothesis, implying higher levels of negative emotions in the controversial condition compared to the uncontroversial condition.

## Warning: Computation failed in `stat_signif()`.
## Caused by error in `if (scales$x$map(comp[1]) == data$group[1] | manual) ...`:
## ! missing value where TRUE/FALSE needed

Analyzing each emotion separately

We performed the Mann-Whitney U test (Wilcoxon rank-sum test) for each emotion to compare scores across controversial and uncontroversial conditions. The test evaluates whether there is a significant difference in the distribution of scores for each emotion between the two conditions. Adjustments for multiple comparisons were made using Bonferroni correction. Below is a summary of the results, indicating for each emotion whether the difference was statistically significant.

Mann-Whitney U Test Results for Emotions (Bonferroni Adjusted)
Emotion W Statistic p-value Adjusted p-value Significant Significant (Adjusted)
W Interested 23227.0 1.4542e-03 2.9084e-02 Yes Yes
W1 Distressed 16896.5 3.8956e-03 7.7912e-02 Yes No
W2 Excited 21579.0 7.8120e-02 1.0000e+00 No No
W3 Upset 16353.0 5.8167e-04 1.1633e-02 Yes Yes
W4 Strong 19291.0 7.6982e-01 1.0000e+00 No No
W5 Guilty 19895.0 4.1000e-01 1.0000e+00 No No
W6 Scared 18726.5 2.1370e-01 1.0000e+00 No No
W7 Hostile 15934.5 1.8451e-05 3.6902e-04 Yes Yes
W8 Enthusiastic 22059.0 3.1149e-02 6.2299e-01 Yes No
W9 Proud 21680.0 2.8440e-02 5.6880e-01 Yes No
W10 Irritable 16690.5 7.9272e-03 1.5854e-01 Yes No
W11 Alert 19981.5 5.9673e-01 1.0000e+00 No No
W12 Ashamed 18920.0 3.2808e-01 1.0000e+00 No No
W13 Inspired 21574.0 2.5088e-02 5.0176e-01 Yes No
W14 Nervous 18349.0 2.5540e-01 1.0000e+00 No No
W15 Determined 20667.5 3.3949e-01 1.0000e+00 No No
W16 Attentive 20214.5 6.4246e-01 1.0000e+00 No No
W17 Jittery 19748.0 7.8378e-01 1.0000e+00 No No
W18 Active 18978.0 6.3338e-01 1.0000e+00 No No
W19 Afraid 18902.5 2.7425e-01 1.0000e+00 No No

Emotions in which a significant difference was demonstrated

Significant Emotions Based on Raw p-values
Emotion W Statistic p-value Adjusted p-value Significant Significant (Adjusted)
W Interested 23227.0 1.4542e-03 Yes 2.9084e-02 Yes
W1 Distressed 16896.5 3.8956e-03 Yes 7.7912e-02 No
W3 Upset 16353.0 5.8167e-04 Yes 1.1633e-02 Yes
W7 Hostile 15934.5 1.8451e-05 Yes 3.6902e-04 Yes
W8 Enthusiastic 22059.0 3.1149e-02 Yes 6.2299e-01 No
W9 Proud 21680.0 2.8440e-02 Yes 5.6880e-01 No
W10 Irritable 16690.5 7.9272e-03 Yes 1.5854e-01 No
W13 Inspired 21574.0 2.5088e-02 Yes 5.0176e-01 No

Emotions with significant difference - Bonferroni