library(readr)
squirrel_data <- read_csv("squirrel_data.csv")
## Rows: 15 Columns: 4
## ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Delimiter: ","
## chr (1): Location
## dbl (3): Squirrel ID, Reaction Time (s), Distance Ran to Tree (m)
##
## ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.
colnames(squirrel_data) <- c("SquirrelID", "Location", "ReactionTime", "DistanceToTree")
summary(squirrel_data)
## SquirrelID Location ReactionTime DistanceToTree
## Min. : 1.0 Length:15 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.0
## 1st Qu.: 4.5 Class :character 1st Qu.: 2.070 1st Qu.: 3.0
## Median : 8.0 Mode :character Median : 3.690 Median : 5.0
## Mean : 8.0 Mean : 5.591 Mean : 5.7
## 3rd Qu.:11.5 3rd Qu.: 5.850 3rd Qu.: 8.5
## Max. :15.0 Max. :27.200 Max. :14.0
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(squirrel_data, aes(x = DistanceToTree, y = ReactionTime)) +
geom_point(size = 3, alpha = 0.8, color = "darkblue") + # Larger points with consistent color
labs(
title = "Squirrel Reaction Time vs. Distance to Tree",
x = "Distance to Tree (m)",
y = "Reaction Time (s)"
) +
theme_minimal(base_size = 15) + # Use a larger base font size
theme(
plot.title = element_text(face = "bold", hjust = 0.5), # Center and bold the title
plot.subtitle = element_text(hjust = 0.5), # Center the subtitle
axis.title = element_text(face = "bold") # Bold axis titles
)
model <- lm(ReactionTime ~ DistanceToTree, data = squirrel_data)
summary(model)
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = ReactionTime ~ DistanceToTree, data = squirrel_data)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -5.2433 -3.9627 -2.4933 0.4751 21.6409
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 6.1906 3.2020 1.933 0.0753 .
## DistanceToTree -0.1053 0.4613 -0.228 0.8231
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 7.077 on 13 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.003989, Adjusted R-squared: -0.07263
## F-statistic: 0.05206 on 1 and 13 DF, p-value: 0.8231
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(squirrel_data, aes(x = DistanceToTree, y = ReactionTime)) +
geom_point(size = 2.5, alpha = 0.8, color = "#0072B2") + # Slightly smaller points
geom_smooth(method = "lm", color = "red", linetype = "dashed", se = TRUE) + # Regression line with confidence interval
labs(
title = "Regression Analysis: Reaction Time vs. Distance to Tree",
subtitle = "Linear relationship between proximity to trees and reaction behavior",
x = "Distance to Tree (m)",
y = "Reaction Time (s)"
) +
theme_minimal(base_size = 12) + # Reduced base font size for text
theme(
plot.title = element_text(face = "bold", hjust = 0.5, size = 14), # Adjusted title size
plot.subtitle = element_text(hjust = 0.5, size = 10), # Adjusted subtitle size
axis.title = element_text(face = "bold", size = 12), # Reduced axis title size
axis.text = element_text(size = 10) # Reduced axis text size
)
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(squirrel_data, aes(x = Location, y = ReactionTime)) +
geom_boxplot(fill = "#56B4E9", color = "black", alpha = 0.8, outlier.color = "red", outlier.shape = 16) + # Custom colors and outliers
labs(
title = "Reaction Time by Location",
subtitle = "Comparing reaction times across different locations",
x = "Location",
y = "Reaction Time (s)"
) +
theme_minimal(base_size = 14) + # Adjusted base font size
theme(
plot.title = element_text(face = "bold", hjust = 0.5, size = 16), # Bold, centered title
plot.subtitle = element_text(hjust = 0.5, size = 12), # Centered subtitle
axis.title = element_text(face = "bold"), # Bold axis titles
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1, size = 12), # Rotated x-axis labels
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 12) # Adjusted y-axis text size
)
# Subset data for squirrels at the Colonnade
colonnade_data <- subset(squirrel_data, Location == "Colonnade")
# Fit a linear regression model
colonnade_model <- lm(ReactionTime ~ DistanceToTree, data = colonnade_data)
# Summary of the regression model
summary(colonnade_model)
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = ReactionTime ~ DistanceToTree, data = colonnade_data)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -4.1855 -2.8984 -0.5355 1.1119 6.4319
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 5.6636 2.0567 2.754 0.0283 *
## DistanceToTree -0.1652 0.3404 -0.485 0.6423
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 4.053 on 7 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.03254, Adjusted R-squared: -0.1057
## F-statistic: 0.2355 on 1 and 7 DF, p-value: 0.6423
# Visualize the regression for Colonnade squirrels
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(colonnade_data, aes(x = DistanceToTree, y = ReactionTime)) +
geom_point(size = 2.5, alpha = 0.8, color = "#0072B2") + # Slightly smaller points
geom_smooth(method = "lm", color = "red", linetype = "dashed", se = TRUE) + # Dashed regression line with confidence interval
labs(
title = "Colonnade Squirrels: Reaction Time vs. Distance to Tree",
subtitle = "Linear relationship between distance to tree and reaction time",
x = "Distance to Tree (m)",
y = "Reaction Time (s)"
) +
theme_minimal(base_size = 10) + # Reduced base font size
theme(
plot.title = element_text(face = "bold", hjust = 0.5, size = 12), # Smaller title
plot.subtitle = element_text(hjust = 0.5, size = 10), # Smaller subtitle
axis.title = element_text(face = "bold", size = 10), # Smaller axis titles
axis.text = element_text(size = 8), # Smaller axis text
panel.grid.minor = element_blank() # Remove minor grid lines for a cleaner look
)
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
interaction_model <- lm(ReactionTime ~ DistanceToTree * Location, data = squirrel_data)
summary(interaction_model)
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = ReactionTime ~ DistanceToTree * Location, data = squirrel_data)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -4.186 -2.324 0.000 1.156 6.432
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) 5.6636 1.8953 2.988 0.01524
## DistanceToTree -0.1652 0.3137 -0.527 0.61123
## LocationDhall Bridge -16.9536 6.2016 -2.734 0.02308
## LocationOutdoor Classroom -6.9626 7.8671 -0.885 0.39917
## DistanceToTree:LocationDhall Bridge 6.5802 1.3571 4.849 0.00091
## DistanceToTree:LocationOutdoor Classroom 0.6067 0.8699 0.697 0.50312
##
## (Intercept) *
## DistanceToTree
## LocationDhall Bridge *
## LocationOutdoor Classroom
## DistanceToTree:LocationDhall Bridge ***
## DistanceToTree:LocationOutdoor Classroom
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 3.735 on 9 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared: 0.808, Adjusted R-squared: 0.7013
## F-statistic: 7.575 on 5 and 9 DF, p-value: 0.00477
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(squirrel_data, aes(x = DistanceToTree, y = ReactionTime, color = Location)) +
geom_point(size = 3, alpha = 0.8) + # Larger, semi-transparent points
geom_smooth(method = "lm", se = FALSE, linetype = "dashed", size = 1) + # Dashed regression lines with consistent size
labs(
title = "Reaction Time by Distance and Location",
subtitle = "Comparing linear trends across locations",
x = "Distance to Tree (m)",
y = "Reaction Time (s)",
color = "Location" # Legend title
) +
theme_minimal(base_size = 12) + # Adjusted base font size
theme(
plot.title = element_text(face = "bold", hjust = 0.5, size = 14), # Center and bold the title
plot.subtitle = element_text(hjust = 0.5, size = 10), # Center subtitle
axis.title = element_text(face = "bold", size = 12), # Bold axis titles
axis.text = element_text(size = 10), # Adjusted axis text size
legend.position = "right", # Move legend to the right for better space
legend.title = element_text(face = "bold"), # Bold legend title
panel.grid.minor = element_blank() # Remove minor grid lines for a cleaner look
) +
scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set2") # Apply a visually appealing color palette
## Warning: Using `size` aesthetic for lines was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use `linewidth` instead.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(squirrel_data, aes(x = DistanceToTree, y = ReactionTime, color = Location)) +
geom_point(size = 3, alpha = 0.8) + # Larger points with semi-transparency
geom_smooth(method = "lm", se = FALSE, linetype = "dashed", size = 1) + # Dashed regression lines
labs(
title = "Reaction Time vs. Distance to Tree by Location",
subtitle = "Linear trends for each location with shared axes",
x = "Distance to Tree (m)",
y = "Reaction Time (s)",
color = "Location" # Legend title
) +
theme_minimal(base_size = 12) + # Moderate base font size for readability
theme(
plot.title = element_text(face = "bold", hjust = 0.5, size = 14), # Bold and centered title
plot.subtitle = element_text(hjust = 0.5, size = 10), # Centered subtitle
axis.title = element_text(face = "bold", size = 12), # Bold axis titles
axis.text = element_text(size = 10), # Adjusted axis text size
legend.position = "right", # Legend positioned on the right
strip.text = element_text(face = "bold", size = 12), # Bold facet labels
panel.grid.minor = element_blank() # Remove minor grid lines
) +
facet_grid(. ~ Location) # Facet by location with shared axes
## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
