Firm-Level Full Sample Descriptives
|
|
|
Statistic
|
N
|
Mean
|
St. Dev.
|
Pctl(25)
|
Median
|
Pctl(75)
|
|
|
|
Number of Analysts
|
4,956
|
6.189
|
4.504
|
3
|
5
|
9
|
|
Number of Analyst-Call Level Observations
|
4,956
|
32.515
|
38.682
|
6
|
16
|
45
|
|
Variance(I(Questions Contain FLS))
|
4,601
|
0.093
|
0.088
|
0.000
|
0.083
|
0.140
|
|
Variance(Fraction FLS)
|
4,601
|
0.098
|
0.051
|
0.069
|
0.095
|
0.124
|
|
|
Descriptives - Alternative Data Usage
|
|
|
Statistic
|
N
|
Mean
|
St. Dev.
|
Pctl(25)
|
Median
|
Pctl(75)
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 4Q)
|
161,143
|
0.041
|
0.198
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 8Q)
|
161,143
|
0.065
|
0.247
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
I(Questions Contain FLS)
|
161,143
|
0.882
|
0.323
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
Fraction FLS Questions
|
161,143
|
0.628
|
0.342
|
0.400
|
0.667
|
1.000
|
|
I(Contains Short FLS)
|
161,143
|
0.415
|
0.493
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
Fraction Short Questions
|
161,143
|
0.203
|
0.295
|
0.000
|
0.000
|
0.333
|
|
I(Contains Long FLS)
|
161,143
|
0.184
|
0.388
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Fraction Long Questions
|
161,143
|
0.085
|
0.214
|
0.000
|
0.000
|
0.000
|
|
|
Analyst Use of FLS and Alternative Data - Firm FE
|
|
|
|
Dependent variable:
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Questions Contain FLS)
|
Fraction FLS Questions
|
|
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 4Q)
|
0.010**
|
|
0.009**
|
|
|
|
t = 2.290
|
|
t = 2.049
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 8Q)
|
|
0.006*
|
|
0.007**
|
|
|
|
t = 1.690
|
|
t = 1.994
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUE Decile
|
0.001
|
0.001
|
-0.002
|
-0.002
|
|
|
t = 0.230
|
t = 0.238
|
t = -0.671
|
t = -0.664
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Size
|
-0.002
|
-0.002
|
0.001
|
0.001
|
|
|
t = -0.855
|
t = -0.829
|
t = 0.290
|
t = 0.308
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BTM
|
0.001
|
0.001
|
-0.002
|
-0.002
|
|
|
t = 0.316
|
t = 0.320
|
t = -0.758
|
t = -0.755
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of Questions
|
0.027***
|
0.027***
|
-0.050***
|
-0.050***
|
|
|
t = 46.995
|
t = 46.994
|
t = -83.923
|
t = -83.924
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Firm and Year FE
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Observations
|
161,055
|
161,055
|
161,055
|
161,055
|
|
Adjusted R2
|
0.036
|
0.036
|
0.113
|
0.113
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dependent variable:
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Contains Short FLS)
|
Fraction Short Questions
|
|
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 4Q)
|
0.022***
|
|
0.011***
|
|
|
|
t = 3.439
|
|
t = 2.832
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 8Q)
|
|
0.017***
|
|
0.009***
|
|
|
|
t = 3.205
|
|
t = 2.767
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUE Decile
|
-0.006
|
-0.006
|
-0.005**
|
-0.005**
|
|
|
t = -1.391
|
t = -1.378
|
t = -2.000
|
t = -1.990
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Size
|
-0.008***
|
-0.008***
|
-0.003
|
-0.003
|
|
|
t = -2.909
|
t = -2.877
|
t = -1.553
|
t = -1.528
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BTM
|
0.004
|
0.004
|
0.004
|
0.004
|
|
|
t = 0.962
|
t = 0.968
|
t = 1.527
|
t = 1.531
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constant
|
0.057***
|
0.057***
|
-0.013***
|
-0.013***
|
|
|
t = 65.716
|
t = 65.714
|
t = -24.647
|
t = -24.648
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Firm and Year FE
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Observations
|
161,055
|
161,055
|
161,055
|
161,055
|
|
Adjusted R2
|
0.089
|
0.089
|
0.036
|
0.036
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dependent variable:
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Contains Long FLS)
|
Fraction Long Questions
|
|
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 4Q)
|
0.005
|
|
0.001
|
|
|
|
t = 1.053
|
|
t = 0.287
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 8Q)
|
|
0.008*
|
|
0.003
|
|
|
|
t = 1.909
|
|
t = 1.381
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUE Decile
|
0.008**
|
0.008**
|
0.003
|
0.003
|
|
|
t = 2.269
|
t = 2.273
|
t = 1.542
|
t = 1.543
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Size
|
0.003
|
0.003
|
0.002*
|
0.002*
|
|
|
t = 1.383
|
t = 1.383
|
t = 1.693
|
t = 1.685
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BTM
|
-0.002
|
-0.002
|
-0.0002
|
-0.0002
|
|
|
t = -0.740
|
t = -0.741
|
t = -0.141
|
t = -0.143
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constant
|
0.023***
|
0.023***
|
-0.010***
|
-0.010***
|
|
|
t = 32.433
|
t = 32.433
|
t = -25.077
|
t = -25.077
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Firm and Year FE
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Observations
|
161,055
|
161,055
|
161,055
|
161,055
|
|
Adjusted R2
|
0.034
|
0.034
|
0.024
|
0.024
|
|
|
Analyst Use of FLS and Alternative Data - No Firm FE
|
|
|
|
Dependent variable:
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Questions Contain FLS)
|
Fraction FLS Questions
|
|
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 4Q)
|
0.003
|
|
0.009**
|
|
|
|
t = 0.827
|
|
t = 2.179
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 8Q)
|
|
0.0002
|
|
0.007**
|
|
|
|
t = 0.073
|
|
t = 2.150
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUE Decile
|
-0.001
|
-0.001
|
0.013***
|
0.013***
|
|
|
t = -0.495
|
t = -0.487
|
t = 5.080
|
t = 5.081
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Size
|
-0.005***
|
-0.005***
|
0.021***
|
0.021***
|
|
|
t = -10.660
|
t = -10.616
|
t = 42.316
|
t = 42.269
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BTM
|
0.012***
|
0.012***
|
-0.009***
|
-0.009***
|
|
|
t = 8.451
|
t = 8.439
|
t = -6.157
|
t = -6.159
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year FE
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Observations
|
161,055
|
161,055
|
161,055
|
161,055
|
|
Adjusted R2
|
0.002
|
0.002
|
0.026
|
0.026
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dependent variable:
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Contains Short FLS)
|
Fraction Short Questions
|
|
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 4Q)
|
0.020***
|
|
0.014***
|
|
|
|
t = 3.162
|
|
t = 3.835
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 8Q)
|
|
0.016***
|
|
0.012***
|
|
|
|
t = 3.120
|
|
t = 4.124
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUE Decile
|
-0.005
|
-0.005
|
0.006**
|
0.006**
|
|
|
t = -1.422
|
t = -1.421
|
t = 2.406
|
t = 2.405
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Size
|
-0.026***
|
-0.026***
|
0.002***
|
0.002***
|
|
|
t = -35.451
|
t = -35.461
|
t = 5.153
|
t = 5.091
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BTM
|
0.011***
|
0.011***
|
-0.007***
|
-0.007***
|
|
|
t = 4.926
|
t = 4.923
|
t = -5.142
|
t = -5.140
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year FE
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Observations
|
161,055
|
161,055
|
161,055
|
161,055
|
|
Adjusted R2
|
0.010
|
0.010
|
0.003
|
0.003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dependent variable:
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Contains Long FLS)
|
Fraction Long Questions
|
|
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 4Q)
|
0.0002
|
|
0.001
|
|
|
|
t = 0.031
|
|
t = 0.385
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 8Q)
|
|
0.003
|
|
0.004*
|
|
|
|
t = 0.872
|
|
t = 1.671
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUE Decile
|
0.008**
|
0.008**
|
0.008***
|
0.008***
|
|
|
t = 2.561
|
t = 2.553
|
t = 4.830
|
t = 4.817
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Size
|
0.003***
|
0.003***
|
0.010***
|
0.010***
|
|
|
t = 5.156
|
t = 5.101
|
t = 31.120
|
t = 31.017
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BTM
|
0.013***
|
0.013***
|
-0.0001
|
-0.0001
|
|
|
t = 7.232
|
t = 7.245
|
t = -0.074
|
t = -0.055
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year FE
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Observations
|
161,055
|
161,055
|
161,055
|
161,055
|
|
Adjusted R2
|
0.001
|
0.001
|
0.008
|
0.008
|
|
|
High Vs. Low Coverage Brokerages
High cover at least 1000 firms in the full sample and
include: Credit Suisse, Wells Fargo, JP Morgan , Morgan Stanley,
Jefferies, RBC, Deutsche Bank, Barclays
|
|
|
|
Dependent variable:
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Questions Contain FLS)
|
Fraction FLS Questions
|
|
|
High Brokerage Coverage
|
Low Brokerage Coverage
|
High Brokerage Coverage
|
Low Brokerage Coverage
|
|
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 4Q)
|
0.010*
|
0.004
|
0.003
|
0.015*
|
|
|
t = 1.947
|
t = 0.503
|
t = 0.559
|
t = 1.832
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 8Q)
|
-0.004
|
0.005
|
-0.007*
|
0.007*
|
|
|
t = -0.982
|
t = 1.087
|
t = -1.865
|
t = 1.721
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUE Decile
|
-0.003
|
-0.006*
|
0.005*
|
0.006**
|
|
|
t = -0.970
|
t = -1.819
|
t = 1.658
|
t = 2.029
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Size
|
0.003
|
-0.002
|
-0.002
|
-0.001
|
|
|
t = 0.850
|
t = -0.372
|
t = -0.444
|
t = -0.245
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Firm and Year FE
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Chi-Squared
|
0.399
|
|
1.459
|
|
|
p-value
|
0.528
|
|
0.227
|
|
|
Observations
|
91,641
|
69,414
|
91,641
|
69,414
|
|
Adjusted R2
|
0.024
|
0.033
|
0.075
|
0.072
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dependent variable:
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Contains Short FLS)
|
Fraction Short Questions
|
|
|
High Brokerage Coverage
|
Low Brokerage Coverage
|
High Brokerage Coverage
|
Low Brokerage Coverage
|
|
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 4Q)
|
0.023***
|
0.005
|
0.010**
|
0.003
|
|
|
t = 2.846
|
t = 0.405
|
t = 2.076
|
t = 0.510
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 8Q)
|
-0.008
|
-0.007
|
-0.005
|
-0.007*
|
|
|
t = -1.359
|
t = -1.168
|
t = -1.339
|
t = -1.839
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUE Decile
|
-0.013***
|
-0.015***
|
-0.001
|
-0.003
|
|
|
t = -3.253
|
t = -3.415
|
t = -0.549
|
t = -1.002
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Size
|
0.006
|
0.002
|
0.004
|
0.005
|
|
|
t = 1.093
|
t = 0.385
|
t = 1.101
|
t = 1.367
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Firm and Year FE
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Chi-Squared
|
1.558
|
|
0.691
|
|
|
p-value
|
0.212
|
|
0.406
|
|
|
Observations
|
91,641
|
69,414
|
91,641
|
69,414
|
|
Adjusted R2
|
0.060
|
0.087
|
0.038
|
0.038
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dependent variable:
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Contains Long FLS)
|
Fraction Long Questions
|
|
|
High Brokerage Coverage
|
Low Brokerage Coverage
|
High Brokerage Coverage
|
Low Brokerage Coverage
|
|
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 4Q)
|
0.003
|
0.005
|
-0.003
|
0.003
|
|
|
t = 0.513
|
t = 0.516
|
t = -0.683
|
t = 0.672
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 8Q)
|
0.005
|
0.010**
|
0.003
|
0.004
|
|
|
t = 1.112
|
t = 2.068
|
t = 1.004
|
t = 1.509
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUE Decile
|
0.001
|
0.001
|
0.004**
|
0.003
|
|
|
t = 0.398
|
t = 0.373
|
t = 1.995
|
t = 1.572
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Size
|
-0.0005
|
-0.008
|
-0.0003
|
-0.0005
|
|
|
t = -0.118
|
t = -1.563
|
t = -0.119
|
t = -0.179
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Firm and Year FE
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Chi-Squared
|
0.019
|
|
0.902
|
|
|
p-value
|
0.891
|
|
0.342
|
|
|
Observations
|
91,641
|
69,414
|
91,641
|
69,414
|
|
Adjusted R2
|
0.028
|
0.032
|
0.022
|
0.018
|
|
|
High Vs. Low Coverage Brokerages (No Firm FE)
|
|
|
|
Dependent variable:
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Questions Contain FLS)
|
Fraction FLS Questions
|
|
|
High Brokerage Coverage
|
Low Brokerage Coverage
|
High Brokerage Coverage
|
Low Brokerage Coverage
|
|
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 4Q)
|
0.005
|
-0.005
|
0.001
|
0.018**
|
|
|
t = 1.033
|
t = -0.665
|
t = 0.142
|
t = 2.352
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 8Q)
|
-0.004
|
0.001
|
0.010***
|
0.015***
|
|
|
t = -1.116
|
t = 0.350
|
t = 2.892
|
t = 3.986
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUE Decile
|
-0.003***
|
-0.009***
|
0.021***
|
0.017***
|
|
|
t = -3.994
|
t = -13.154
|
t = 29.394
|
t = 23.023
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Size
|
0.012***
|
0.013***
|
-0.010***
|
-0.010***
|
|
|
t = 6.449
|
t = 5.487
|
t = -4.869
|
t = -4.332
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year FE
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Chi-Squared
|
1.253
|
|
3.491
|
|
|
p-value
|
0.263
|
|
0.062*
|
|
|
Observations
|
91,641
|
69,414
|
91,641
|
69,414
|
|
Adjusted R2
|
0.002
|
0.004
|
0.024
|
0.021
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dependent variable:
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Contains Short FLS)
|
Fraction Short Questions
|
|
|
High Brokerage Coverage
|
Low Brokerage Coverage
|
High Brokerage Coverage
|
Low Brokerage Coverage
|
|
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 4Q)
|
0.026***
|
-0.002
|
0.015***
|
0.004
|
|
|
t = 3.532
|
t = -0.153
|
t = 3.241
|
t = 0.680
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 8Q)
|
-0.0003
|
-0.012**
|
0.010***
|
-0.001
|
|
|
t = -0.061
|
t = -2.095
|
t = 3.004
|
t = -0.200
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUE Decile
|
-0.022***
|
-0.031***
|
0.002***
|
-0.001
|
|
|
t = -21.377
|
t = -29.096
|
t = 3.269
|
t = -0.858
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Size
|
0.005*
|
0.020***
|
-0.010***
|
-0.002
|
|
|
t = 1.834
|
t = 5.699
|
t = -5.770
|
t = -1.134
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year FE
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Chi-Squared
|
4.355
|
|
1.954
|
|
|
p-value
|
0.037**
|
|
0.162
|
|
|
Observations
|
91,641
|
69,414
|
91,641
|
69,414
|
|
Adjusted R2
|
0.007
|
0.014
|
0.003
|
0.001
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dependent variable:
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Contains Long FLS)
|
Fraction Long Questions
|
|
|
High Brokerage Coverage
|
Low Brokerage Coverage
|
High Brokerage Coverage
|
Low Brokerage Coverage
|
|
|
(1)
|
(2)
|
(3)
|
(4)
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 4Q)
|
-0.003
|
0.004
|
-0.003
|
0.006
|
|
|
t = -0.525
|
t = 0.446
|
t = -0.747
|
t = 1.255
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I(Alt Data Report Past 8Q)
|
0.004
|
0.012***
|
0.007***
|
0.008***
|
|
|
t = 0.951
|
t = 2.629
|
t = 3.093
|
t = 3.683
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUE Decile
|
0.002***
|
0.002**
|
0.009***
|
0.009***
|
|
|
t = 2.866
|
t = 2.513
|
t = 19.653
|
t = 20.887
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Size
|
0.014***
|
0.011***
|
-0.0004
|
-0.00004
|
|
|
t = 5.930
|
t = 3.925
|
t = -0.305
|
t = -0.028
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year FE
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Chi-Squared
|
0.442
|
|
2.099
|
|
|
p-value
|
0.506
|
|
0.147
|
|
|
Observations
|
91,641
|
69,414
|
91,641
|
69,414
|
|
Adjusted R2
|
0.001
|
0.001
|
0.007
|
0.008
|
|
|