# Load Dataset
data(attitude)
# 1. Descriptive Statistics
summary(attitude)
## rating complaints privileges learning raises
## Min. :40.00 Min. :37.0 Min. :30.00 Min. :34.00 Min. :43.00
## 1st Qu.:58.75 1st Qu.:58.5 1st Qu.:45.00 1st Qu.:47.00 1st Qu.:58.25
## Median :65.50 Median :65.0 Median :51.50 Median :56.50 Median :63.50
## Mean :64.63 Mean :66.6 Mean :53.13 Mean :56.37 Mean :64.63
## 3rd Qu.:71.75 3rd Qu.:77.0 3rd Qu.:62.50 3rd Qu.:66.75 3rd Qu.:71.00
## Max. :85.00 Max. :90.0 Max. :83.00 Max. :75.00 Max. :88.00
## critical advance
## Min. :49.00 Min. :25.00
## 1st Qu.:69.25 1st Qu.:35.00
## Median :77.50 Median :41.00
## Mean :74.77 Mean :42.93
## 3rd Qu.:80.00 3rd Qu.:47.75
## Max. :92.00 Max. :72.00
# 2. Variable Names
names(attitude)
## [1] "rating" "complaints" "privileges" "learning" "raises"
## [6] "critical" "advance"
# 3. Number of Rows
nrow(attitude)
## [1] 30
# 4. Number of Columns
ncol(attitude)
## [1] 7
# 5. Dataset Structure
str(attitude)
## 'data.frame': 30 obs. of 7 variables:
## $ rating : num 43 63 71 61 81 43 58 71 72 67 ...
## $ complaints: num 51 64 70 63 78 55 67 75 82 61 ...
## $ privileges: num 30 51 68 45 56 49 42 50 72 45 ...
## $ learning : num 39 54 69 47 66 44 56 55 67 47 ...
## $ raises : num 61 63 76 54 71 54 66 70 71 62 ...
## $ critical : num 92 73 86 84 83 49 68 66 83 80 ...
## $ advance : num 45 47 48 35 47 34 35 41 31 41 ...
# 6. First 6 Rows
head(attitude)
## rating complaints privileges learning raises critical advance
## 1 43 51 30 39 61 92 45
## 2 63 64 51 54 63 73 47
## 3 71 70 68 69 76 86 48
## 4 61 63 45 47 54 84 35
## 5 81 78 56 66 71 83 47
## 6 43 55 49 44 54 49 34
# 7. First 15 Rows
head(attitude, 15)
## rating complaints privileges learning raises critical advance
## 1 43 51 30 39 61 92 45
## 2 63 64 51 54 63 73 47
## 3 71 70 68 69 76 86 48
## 4 61 63 45 47 54 84 35
## 5 81 78 56 66 71 83 47
## 6 43 55 49 44 54 49 34
## 7 58 67 42 56 66 68 35
## 8 71 75 50 55 70 66 41
## 9 72 82 72 67 71 83 31
## 10 67 61 45 47 62 80 41
## 11 64 53 53 58 58 67 34
## 12 67 60 47 39 59 74 41
## 13 69 62 57 42 55 63 25
## 14 68 83 83 45 59 77 35
## 15 77 77 54 72 79 77 46
# 8. All Rows But Last
attitude[-nrow(attitude), ]
## rating complaints privileges learning raises critical advance
## 1 43 51 30 39 61 92 45
## 2 63 64 51 54 63 73 47
## 3 71 70 68 69 76 86 48
## 4 61 63 45 47 54 84 35
## 5 81 78 56 66 71 83 47
## 6 43 55 49 44 54 49 34
## 7 58 67 42 56 66 68 35
## 8 71 75 50 55 70 66 41
## 9 72 82 72 67 71 83 31
## 10 67 61 45 47 62 80 41
## 11 64 53 53 58 58 67 34
## 12 67 60 47 39 59 74 41
## 13 69 62 57 42 55 63 25
## 14 68 83 83 45 59 77 35
## 15 77 77 54 72 79 77 46
## 16 81 90 50 72 60 54 36
## 17 74 85 64 69 79 79 63
## 18 65 60 65 75 55 80 60
## 19 65 70 46 57 75 85 46
## 20 50 58 68 54 64 78 52
## 21 50 40 33 34 43 64 33
## 22 64 61 52 62 66 80 41
## 23 53 66 52 50 63 80 37
## 24 40 37 42 58 50 57 49
## 25 63 54 42 48 66 75 33
## 26 66 77 66 63 88 76 72
## 27 78 75 58 74 80 78 49
## 28 48 57 44 45 51 83 38
## 29 85 85 71 71 77 74 55
# 9. Last 6 Rows
tail(attitude)
## rating complaints privileges learning raises critical advance
## 25 63 54 42 48 66 75 33
## 26 66 77 66 63 88 76 72
## 27 78 75 58 74 80 78 49
## 28 48 57 44 45 51 83 38
## 29 85 85 71 71 77 74 55
## 30 82 82 39 59 64 78 39
# 10. Last 12 Rows
tail(attitude, 12)
## rating complaints privileges learning raises critical advance
## 19 65 70 46 57 75 85 46
## 20 50 58 68 54 64 78 52
## 21 50 40 33 34 43 64 33
## 22 64 61 52 62 66 80 41
## 23 53 66 52 50 63 80 37
## 24 40 37 42 58 50 57 49
## 25 63 54 42 48 66 75 33
## 26 66 77 66 63 88 76 72
## 27 78 75 58 74 80 78 49
## 28 48 57 44 45 51 83 38
## 29 85 85 71 71 77 74 55
## 30 82 82 39 59 64 78 39
# 11. Last Rows Excluding First
tail(attitude, nrow(attitude) - 1)
## rating complaints privileges learning raises critical advance
## 2 63 64 51 54 63 73 47
## 3 71 70 68 69 76 86 48
## 4 61 63 45 47 54 84 35
## 5 81 78 56 66 71 83 47
## 6 43 55 49 44 54 49 34
## 7 58 67 42 56 66 68 35
## 8 71 75 50 55 70 66 41
## 9 72 82 72 67 71 83 31
## 10 67 61 45 47 62 80 41
## 11 64 53 53 58 58 67 34
## 12 67 60 47 39 59 74 41
## 13 69 62 57 42 55 63 25
## 14 68 83 83 45 59 77 35
## 15 77 77 54 72 79 77 46
## 16 81 90 50 72 60 54 36
## 17 74 85 64 69 79 79 63
## 18 65 60 65 75 55 80 60
## 19 65 70 46 57 75 85 46
## 20 50 58 68 54 64 78 52
## 21 50 40 33 34 43 64 33
## 22 64 61 52 62 66 80 41
## 23 53 66 52 50 63 80 37
## 24 40 37 42 58 50 57 49
## 25 63 54 42 48 66 75 33
## 26 66 77 66 63 88 76 72
## 27 78 75 58 74 80 78 49
## 28 48 57 44 45 51 83 38
## 29 85 85 71 71 77 74 55
## 30 82 82 39 59 64 78 39
# 12. Missing Values Per Variable
colSums(is.na(attitude))
## rating complaints privileges learning raises critical advance
## 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
# 13. Missing Values in 'learning'
sum(is.na(attitude$learning))
## [1] 0
# 14. Simple Plot
plot(attitude$privileges, attitude$learning,
main = "Learning vs Privileges",
xlab = "Privileges",
ylab = "Learning",
col = "blue", pch = 16)
# 15. Save Plot to PDF
pdf("Learning_vs_Privileges_Tutorial_6b.pdf")
plot(attitude$privileges, attitude$learning,
main = "Learning vs Privileges",
xlab = "Privileges",
ylab = "Learning",
col = "blue", pch = 16)
dev.off()
## quartz_off_screen
## 2