Announcements

• Exam 3 will be December 2
• Module 4 Quiz will be online
• Final Exam is December 9 at the time in the HCC Schedule

Agenda

• Today: Foreign Policy

• Wednesday

    - Domestic Policy
    - Executive Orders
    - Short review for Module 3 Exam

What is Foreign Policy?

• Programs & Policies
• Relationships with other nations
• Includes: Diplomacy, Military, Security, Trade, Aid, & More

Foreign Policy Today

• Nation-States

• Non-State Actors

  - Multinational Corporations
  - Nongovernmental Organizations
  - Non-state armed groups (rebel and terrorist groups)
  - Organized crime groups

• International Organizations

Goals of U.S. Foreign Policy

• Security

    - Primariily American security
    - Security of allies

• Prosperity

    - Economic growth
    - Access to resources
    - Access to markets

• A Better World

    - Human rights
    - Democracy promotion
    - Peaceful resolution of disputes
    - Environmental protection
    - US is a major contributor to international organizations

Security Policies Throughout History

• Isolationism (before World War I and again after WWI)

• Appeasement (before World War II 1939-1945)

• Containment (Cold War 1946-1991)

• Deterrence (Cold War 1946-1991)

• Collective Action & Restraint (Post Cold War)

  - Iraq-Kuwait First Gulf War 1990-1991
  - NATO actions in former Yugoslavia
  - NATO action in Libya

• Preventive War (Iraq 2003)

Other Foreign Policy Goals

• Environmental Policy
• Human Rights Policy
• Peacekeeping
• Expanding markets

Key Players

• President & Advisors
• Bureaucracy (State, Defense, CIA)
• Congress
• Courts (rarely)
• Political Parties (limited)
• Interest Groups
• Trade Associations

The Bush Doctrine

• Preemptive Action

  -  No need to wait for a first strike
  -  No need to find a "smoking gun"
  -  Iraq 2003
  -  Afghanistan 2001

The President

• Executive Agreements

    -   Partially Bypassing Congress
    -   Not a Treaty
    -   Not a law

• Treaties

    -   Requires Senate Approval
    -   Supreme law of the land, second only to the Constitution

Bureaucracy’s Role

• Secretaries of State, Defense, Treasury
• Joint Chiefs of Staff
• CIA Director
• National Security Council

Congress as Foreign Policy Maker

• Increased Role Since WWII
• Oversight role verging on management

Interest Group Influence

• Economic Groups
• Ethnic/National Groups
• Human Rights Groups
• Environmental Groups

Diplomacy

• Representation to Other Governments
• Overshadowed by Major Events

The Post Cold War Liberal Order

• The United Nations (UN)

    - US, UK, France, Russia, China (Security Council)
    - General Assembly

• International Financial Institutions

    -   World Bank
    -   International Monetary Fund (IMF)

• Trade Agreements

    -   World Trade Organization (WTO)
    -   Regional Agreements

• Security Arrangements

    -   NATO
    -   SEATO
    -   Collective Security Treaties

Major Powers

• China’s Rise
• Military & Economic Power
• Blunting China’s Ambitions

Nuclear Proliferation

• Iran
• North Korea

Trade

• Trade has been shown to reduce violent conflict (war) between trading partners
• Free trade has been shown to reduce poverty and increase economic growth in both trading partners
• The cost of trade to marginal producers is much less than the benefits to consumers including producers who use intermediate goods
• Trade can be used as a tool to promote human rights and environmental protection (The California effect)

Global Environmental Policy

• International Efforts

  -  Paris Climate Agreement
  -   Kyoto Protocol
  -   Montreal Protocol

Authorship and License

Cover image created with Imagen 3.0, part of Google’s Gemini.

Do not submit to Quizlet, Chegg, Coursehero, or other similar commercial websites.

• Author: Tom Hanna

• Website: tomhanna.me

• License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.