R Markdown

This is an R Markdown document. Markdown is a simple formatting syntax for authoring HTML, PDF, and MS Word documents. For more details on using R Markdown see http://rmarkdown.rstudio.com.

When you click the Knit button a document will be generated that includes both content as well as the output of any embedded R code chunks within the document. You can embed an R code chunk like this:

library(readxl)
## Warning: package 'readxl' was built under R version 4.4.2
pwt100_1_1_ <- read_excel("C:/Users/dell/Downloads/pwt100 (1) (1).xlsx", 
                          sheet = "Data")
summary(pwt100_1_1_)
##  countrycode          country          currency_unit           year     
##  Length:12810       Length:12810       Length:12810       Min.   :1950  
##  Class :character   Class :character   Class :character   1st Qu.:1967  
##  Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Median :1984  
##                                                           Mean   :1984  
##                                                           3rd Qu.:2002  
##                                                           Max.   :2019  
##                                                                         
##      rgdpe              rgdpo               pop                 emp         
##  Min.   :      20   Min.   :      28   Min.   :   0.0044   Min.   :  0.001  
##  1st Qu.:    6802   1st Qu.:    7192   1st Qu.:   1.5797   1st Qu.:  0.775  
##  Median :   30319   Median :   30844   Median :   6.1507   Median :  2.856  
##  Mean   :  304852   Mean   :  307080   Mean   :  30.9630   Mean   : 14.171  
##  3rd Qu.:  155974   3rd Qu.:  158739   3rd Qu.:  19.9342   3rd Qu.:  8.266  
##  Max.   :20860506   Max.   :20595844   Max.   :1433.7837   Max.   :799.307  
##  NA's   :2411       NA's   :2411       NA's   :2411        NA's   :3281     
##       avh             hc             ccon               cda          
##  Min.   :1381   Min.   :1.007   Min.   :      16   Min.   :      22  
##  1st Qu.:1788   1st Qu.:1.450   1st Qu.:    5893   1st Qu.:    7194  
##  Median :1972   Median :1.988   Median :   24654   Median :   31349  
##  Mean   :1987   Mean   :2.087   Mean   :  224947   Mean   :  304946  
##  3rd Qu.:2168   3rd Qu.:2.674   3rd Qu.:  113397   3rd Qu.:  153230  
##  Max.   :3040   Max.   :4.352   Max.   :16826236   Max.   :21383552  
##  NA's   :9318   NA's   :4173    NA's   :2411       NA's   :2411      
##      cgdpe              cgdpo                cn                  ck       
##  Min.   :      20   Min.   :      17   Min.   :       21   Min.   :0.000  
##  1st Qu.:    6690   1st Qu.:    6812   1st Qu.:    14870   1st Qu.:0.001  
##  Median :   30318   Median :   30497   Median :    84026   Median :0.004  
##  Mean   :  306140   Mean   :  306162   Mean   :  1205994   Mean   :0.036  
##  3rd Qu.:  155924   3rd Qu.:  155925   3rd Qu.:   544489   3rd Qu.:0.023  
##  Max.   :20791364   Max.   :20566034   Max.   :101544168   Max.   :1.167  
##  NA's   :2411       NA's   :2415       NA's   :2496        NA's   :5715   
##       ctfp           cwtfp           rgdpna             rconna        
##  Min.   :0.031   Min.   :0.073   Min.   :      14   Min.   :      19  
##  1st Qu.:0.495   1st Qu.:0.504   1st Qu.:    7463   1st Qu.:    6425  
##  Median :0.711   Median :0.703   Median :   33576   Median :   27671  
##  Mean   :0.711   Mean   :0.702   Mean   :  327199   Mean   :  238597  
##  3rd Qu.:0.886   3rd Qu.:0.860   3rd Qu.:  184404   3rd Qu.:  132622  
##  Max.   :3.394   Max.   :2.016   Max.   :20572606   Max.   :16803152  
##  NA's   :6398    NA's   :6398    NA's   :2411       NA's   :2411      
##      rdana               rnna                rkna           rtfpna     
##  Min.   :      24   Min.   :       28   Min.   :0.005   Min.   :0.200  
##  1st Qu.:    7529   1st Qu.:    24335   1st Qu.:0.206   1st Qu.:0.794  
##  Median :   33475   Median :   124997   Median :0.454   Median :0.951  
##  Mean   :  317100   Mean   :  1447563   Mean   :0.488   Mean   :0.962  
##  3rd Qu.:  178375   3rd Qu.:   747234   3rd Qu.:0.748   3rd Qu.:1.043  
##  Max.   :21638008   Max.   :101703024   Max.   :1.975   Max.   :8.121  
##  NA's   :2411       NA's   :2496        NA's   :5715    NA's   :6398   
##     rwtfpna          labsh            irr            delta       
##  Min.   :0.093   Min.   :0.090   Min.   :0.010   Min.   :0.0125  
##  1st Qu.:0.795   1st Qu.:0.455   1st Qu.:0.063   1st Qu.:0.0336  
##  Median :0.943   Median :0.537   Median :0.102   Median :0.0394  
##  Mean   :0.945   Mean   :0.533   Mean   :0.124   Mean   :0.0421  
##  3rd Qu.:1.036   3rd Qu.:0.623   3rd Qu.:0.159   3rd Qu.:0.0484  
##  Max.   :3.571   Max.   :0.903   Max.   :1.096   Max.   :0.1000  
##  NA's   :6398    NA's   :4840    NA's   :5270    NA's   :2496    
##        xr               pl_con            pl_da            pl_gdpo        
##  Min.   :       0   Min.   : 0.0181   Min.   : 0.0150   Min.   :-24.7077  
##  1st Qu.:       1   1st Qu.: 0.1571   1st Qu.: 0.1601   1st Qu.:  0.1574  
##  Median :       3   Median : 0.2855   Median : 0.2999   Median :  0.2921  
##  Mean   :    7647   Mean   : 0.3568   Mean   : 0.3589   Mean   :  0.3708  
##  3rd Qu.:      43   3rd Qu.: 0.4635   3rd Qu.: 0.4706   3rd Qu.:  0.4704  
##  Max.   :76369942   Max.   :22.3648   Max.   :22.1145   Max.   : 24.1948  
##  NA's   :2411       NA's   :2411      NA's   :2411      NA's   :2411      
##     i_cig               i_xm               i_xr            i_outlier        
##  Length:12810       Length:12810       Length:12810       Length:12810      
##  Class :character   Class :character   Class :character   Class :character  
##  Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Mode  :character  
##                                                                             
##                                                                             
##                                                                             
##                                                                             
##     i_irr              cor_exp          statcap          csh_c         
##  Length:12810       Min.   :-0.058   Min.   :14.44   Min.   :-11.8000  
##  Class :character   1st Qu.: 0.425   1st Qu.:56.67   1st Qu.:  0.5358  
##  Mode  :character   Median : 0.572   Median :67.78   Median :  0.6372  
##                     Mean   : 0.558   Mean   :67.37   Mean   :  0.6433  
##                     3rd Qu.: 0.707   3rd Qu.:78.89   3rd Qu.:  0.7527  
##                     Max.   : 1.000   Max.   :98.89   Max.   : 11.0561  
##                     NA's   :11157    NA's   :10693   NA's   :2411      
##      csh_i             csh_g             csh_x             csh_m         
##  Min.   :-2.9530   Min.   :-2.6147   Min.   :-1.9374   Min.   :-23.2376  
##  1st Qu.: 0.1361   1st Qu.: 0.1233   1st Qu.: 0.0670   1st Qu.: -0.3796  
##  Median : 0.2068   Median : 0.1695   Median : 0.1401   Median : -0.2003  
##  Mean   : 0.2192   Mean   : 0.1912   Mean   : 0.2293   Mean   : -0.3008  
##  3rd Qu.: 0.2766   3rd Qu.: 0.2343   3rd Qu.: 0.3003   3rd Qu.: -0.1027  
##  Max.   : 8.1228   Max.   : 4.2894   Max.   : 3.5235   Max.   : 32.8740  
##  NA's   :2411      NA's   :2411      NA's   :2411      NA's   :2411      
##      csh_r               pl_c              pl_i              pl_g        
##  Min.   :-12.5690   Min.   : 0.0156   Min.   : 0.0060   Min.   : 0.0093  
##  1st Qu.: -0.0252   1st Qu.: 0.1712   1st Qu.: 0.1920   1st Qu.: 0.1161  
##  Median :  0.0003   Median : 0.3063   Median : 0.3779   Median : 0.2446  
##  Mean   :  0.0178   Mean   : 0.3709   Mean   : 0.4240   Mean   : 0.3456  
##  3rd Qu.:  0.0445   3rd Qu.: 0.4845   3rd Qu.: 0.5571   3rd Qu.: 0.4530  
##  Max.   :  7.5983   Max.   :23.1228   Max.   :34.4450   Max.   :18.4208  
##  NA's   :2411       NA's   :2411      NA's   :2411      NA's   :2411     
##       pl_x             pl_m             pl_n              pl_k       
##  Min.   :0.0074   Min.   :0.0208   Min.   : 0.0130   Min.   : 0.064  
##  1st Qu.:0.2377   1st Qu.:0.2408   1st Qu.: 0.1646   1st Qu.: 0.651  
##  Median :0.4439   Median :0.4529   Median : 0.2959   Median : 0.955  
##  Mean   :0.4098   Mean   :0.4034   Mean   : 0.3591   Mean   : 1.334  
##  3rd Qu.:0.5570   3rd Qu.:0.5411   3rd Qu.: 0.4478   3rd Qu.: 1.415  
##  Max.   :2.0561   Max.   :4.9904   Max.   :20.6492   Max.   :31.933  
##  NA's   :2411     NA's   :2411     NA's   :2496      NA's   :5715

Including Plots

You can also embed plots, for example:

Note that the echo = FALSE parameter was added to the code chunk to prevent printing of the R code that generated the plot.