DATA
PREPARATION
Load all sheets of an Excel
Matrix we use for IV-UMASEM
## Correlation matrix
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────
## A C ES EX O X Y
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────
## A 1.000 0.290 0.160 0.200 0.190 0.130 0.130
## C 0.290 1.000 0.230 0.190 0.160 0.200 0.210
## ES 0.160 0.230 1.000 0.260 0.070 0.240 0.080
## EX 0.200 0.190 0.260 1.000 0.290 0.190 0.160
## O 0.190 0.160 0.070 0.290 1.000 0.010 0.060
## X 0.130 0.200 0.240 0.190 0.010 1.000 0.180
## Y 0.130 0.210 0.080 0.160 0.060 0.180 1.000
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────
## Sample size matrix
## ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## ES A C EX O X Y
## ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## 1 1.000 -999.000 -999.000 -999.000 -999.000 -999.000 -999.000
## 2 76406.000 1.000 -999.000 -999.000 -999.000 -999.000 -999.000
## 3 106149.000 80305.000 1.000 -999.000 -999.000 -999.000 -999.000
## 4 100801.000 70551.000 96442.000 1.000 -999.000 -999.000 -999.000
## 5 68068.000 67389.000 69753.000 68152.000 1.000 -999.000 -999.000
## 6 24527.000 11856.000 21719.000 20184.000 15196.000 1.000 -999.000
## 7 17274.000 14321.000 41939.000 19868.000 16068.000 54471.000 1.000
## ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
MAIN
EFFECTS OF OCEAN ON X AND Y
## X ~ O + C + EX + A + ES
## Y ~ O + C + EX + A + ES
## Y ~~ X
## O ~~ C + EX + A + ES
## C ~~ EX + A + ES
## EX ~~ A + ES
## A ~~ ES
##
## Fit Measures (lavaan):
## χ²(0, N = 475) = 0.000, p = 1.000
## χ²/df = Inf (saturated model)
## AIC = 9219.285 (Akaike Information Criterion)
## BIC = 9335.857 (Bayesian Information Criterion)
## CFI = 1.000 (Comparative Fit Index)
## TLI = 1.000 (Tucker-Lewis Index; Non-Normed Fit Index, NNFI)
## NFI = 1.000 (Normed Fit Index)
## IFI = 1.000 (Incremental Fit Index)
## GFI = 1.000 (Goodness-of-Fit Index)
## AGFI = 1.000 (Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index)
## RMSEA = 0.000, 90% CI [0.000, 0.000] (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation)
## SRMR = 0.000 (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual)
##
## Model Estimates (lavaan):
## ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Estimate S.E. z p LLCI ULCI Beta
## ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Regression Paths:
## X <- O -0.071 (0.046) -1.533 .125 -0.161 0.020 -0.071
## X <- C 0.132 (0.047) 2.820 .005 ** 0.040 0.224 0.132
## X <- EX 0.130 (0.048) 2.742 .006 ** 0.037 0.223 0.130
## X <- A 0.052 (0.047) 1.108 .268 -0.040 0.143 0.052
## X <- ES 0.172 (0.046) 3.742 <.001 *** 0.082 0.263 0.172
## Y <- O -0.013 (0.047) -0.283 .777 -0.106 0.079 -0.013
## Y <- C 0.172 (0.048) 3.609 <.001 *** 0.079 0.266 0.172
## Y <- EX 0.119 (0.048) 2.459 .014 * 0.024 0.214 0.119
## Y <- A 0.059 (0.047) 1.235 .217 -0.034 0.152 0.059
## Y <- ES 0.001 (0.047) 0.020 .984 -0.091 0.093 0.001
## ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Note. Raw (Standard) Confidence Interval (CI) and SE.
RESULTS
Longitudinal design
Change the data to CaseID=19
## Statistics of matrix
## ────────────────────────────
## harmonic_mean sum
## ────────────────────────────
## 1 20722.545 1009955.000
## ────────────────────────────
## Descriptive Statistics:
## ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## N Mean SD | Median Min Max Skewness Kurtosis
## ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## 21 48093.10 33825.24 | 41939.00 2987.00 106149.00 0.25 -1.56
## ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Statistics of matrix
## ─────────────────────────
## harmonic_mean sum
## ─────────────────────────
## 1 69.494 1945.000
## ─────────────────────────
## Descriptive Statistics:
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## N Mean SD | Median Min Max Skewness Kurtosis
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## 21 92.62 42.25 | 92.00 21.00 163.00 0.00 -1.38
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Objective sources results
Change the data to CaseID=13
## Statistics of matrix
## ────────────────────────────
## harmonic_mean sum
## ────────────────────────────
## 1 24128.980 1012184.000
## ────────────────────────────
## Descriptive Statistics:
## ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## N Mean SD | Median Min Max Skewness Kurtosis
## ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## 21 48199.24 33679.81 | 41939.00 5216.00 106149.00 0.26 -1.57
## ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Statistics of matrix
## ─────────────────────────
## harmonic_mean sum
## ─────────────────────────
## 1 73.950 1958.000
## ─────────────────────────
## Descriptive Statistics:
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## N Mean SD | Median Min Max Skewness Kurtosis
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## 21 93.24 41.23 | 92.00 34.00 163.00 0.07 -1.46
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
IVs
are OCEAN
## X ~ O + C + EX + A + ES
## Y ~ X
## Y ~~ X
## O ~~ C + EX + A + ES
## C ~~ EX + A + ES
## EX ~~ A + ES
## A ~~ ES
##
## Fit Measures (lavaan):
## χ²(4, N = 517) = 8.017, p = 0.091 .
## χ²/df = 2.004
## AIC = 10032.757 (Akaike Information Criterion)
## BIC = 10134.710 (Bayesian Information Criterion)
## CFI = 0.985 (Comparative Fit Index)
## TLI = 0.921 (Tucker-Lewis Index; Non-Normed Fit Index, NNFI)
## NFI = 0.972 (Normed Fit Index)
## IFI = 0.986 (Incremental Fit Index)
## GFI = 0.996 (Goodness-of-Fit Index)
## AGFI = 0.969 (Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index)
## RMSEA = 0.044, 90% CI [0.000, 0.089] (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation)
## SRMR = 0.020 (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual)
##
## Model Estimates (lavaan):
## ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Estimate S.E. z p LLCI ULCI Beta
## ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Regression Paths:
## X <- O -0.053 (0.038) -1.413 .158 -0.127 0.021 -0.053
## X <- C 0.165 (0.040) 4.143 <.001 *** 0.087 0.243 0.165
## X <- EX 0.140 (0.040) 3.515 <.001 *** 0.062 0.218 0.140
## X <- A 0.060 (0.038) 1.595 .111 -0.014 0.135 0.060
## X <- ES 0.115 (0.038) 3.013 .003 ** 0.040 0.190 0.115
## Y <- X 0.750 (0.165) 4.558 <.001 *** 0.427 1.072 0.750
## ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Note. Raw (Standard) Confidence Interval (CI) and SE.
## ─────────────────────────────
## Wald.Statistic Wald.pValue
## ─────────────────────────────
## 1 53.946 0.000
## ─────────────────────────────
## $R2x.z
## [,1]
## [1,] 0.09853
Test for excluding the unqualified IVs
## X ~ C + EX + ES
## Y ~ X
## Y ~~ X
## O ~~ C + EX + A + ES
## C ~~ EX + A + ES
## EX ~~ A + ES
## A ~~ ES
##
## Fit Measures (lavaan):
## χ²(6, N = 517) = 12.111, p = 0.060 .
## χ²/df = 2.019
## AIC = 10032.850 (Akaike Information Criterion)
## BIC = 10126.307 (Bayesian Information Criterion)
## CFI = 0.977 (Comparative Fit Index)
## TLI = 0.919 (Tucker-Lewis Index; Non-Normed Fit Index, NNFI)
## NFI = 0.958 (Normed Fit Index)
## IFI = 0.978 (Incremental Fit Index)
## GFI = 0.993 (Goodness-of-Fit Index)
## AGFI = 0.969 (Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index)
## RMSEA = 0.044, 90% CI [0.000, 0.081] (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation)
## SRMR = 0.025 (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual)
##
## Model Estimates (lavaan):
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Estimate S.E. z p LLCI ULCI Beta
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Regression Paths:
## X <- C 0.173 (0.039) 4.456 <.001 *** 0.097 0.250 0.173
## X <- EX 0.133 (0.038) 3.479 <.001 *** 0.058 0.208 0.133
## X <- ES 0.120 (0.038) 3.125 .002 ** 0.045 0.195 0.120
## Y <- X 0.759 (0.170) 4.449 <.001 *** 0.424 1.093 0.759
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Note. Raw (Standard) Confidence Interval (CI) and SE.
## ─────────────────────────────
## Wald.Statistic Wald.pValue
## ─────────────────────────────
## 1 50.310 0.000
## ─────────────────────────────
## $R2x.z
## [,1]
## [1,] 0.09242
## SEM Model fit results
## ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Model ChiSqM_Value ChiSqM_DF ChiSqM_PValue CFI SRMR ChiSq_Diff DF_Diff ChiSq_p
## ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## 1 Model 1 8.017 4.000 0.091 0.985 0.020
## 2 Model 2 12.111 6.000 0.060 0.977 0.025 4.094 2.000 0.129
## ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
IVs
are CEN
## X ~ C + EX + ES
## Y ~ X
## Y ~~ X
## C ~~ EX + ES
## EX ~~ ES
##
## Fit Measures (lavaan):
## χ²(2, N = 517) = 7.241, p = 0.027 *
## χ²/df = 3.621
## AIC = 7202.344 (Akaike Information Criterion)
## BIC = 7257.568 (Bayesian Information Criterion)
## CFI = 0.965 (Comparative Fit Index)
## TLI = 0.827 (Tucker-Lewis Index; Non-Normed Fit Index, NNFI)
## NFI = 0.955 (Normed Fit Index)
## IFI = 0.967 (Incremental Fit Index)
## GFI = 0.994 (Goodness-of-Fit Index)
## AGFI = 0.959 (Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index)
## RMSEA = 0.071, 90% CI [0.021, 0.130] (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation)
## SRMR = 0.024 (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual)
##
## Model Estimates (lavaan):
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Estimate S.E. z p LLCI ULCI Beta
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Regression Paths:
## X <- C 0.173 (0.039) 4.456 <.001 *** 0.097 0.250 0.173
## X <- EX 0.133 (0.038) 3.479 <.001 *** 0.058 0.208 0.133
## X <- ES 0.120 (0.038) 3.125 .002 ** 0.045 0.195 0.120
## Y <- X 0.759 (0.170) 4.449 <.001 *** 0.424 1.093 0.759
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Note. Raw (Standard) Confidence Interval (CI) and SE.
## ─────────────────────────────
## Wald.Statistic Wald.pValue
## ─────────────────────────────
## 1 50.310 0.000
## ─────────────────────────────
## $R2x.z
## [,1]
## [1,] 0.09242
IVs
are EN with Y on C
## X ~ C + EX + ES
## Y ~ X + C
## Y ~~ X
## C ~~ EX + ES
## EX ~~ ES
##
## Fit Measures (lavaan):
## χ²(1, N = 517) = 3.852, p = 0.050 *
## χ²/df = 3.852
## AIC = 7200.955 (Akaike Information Criterion)
## BIC = 7260.427 (Bayesian Information Criterion)
## CFI = 0.981 (Comparative Fit Index)
## TLI = 0.812 (Tucker-Lewis Index; Non-Normed Fit Index, NNFI)
## NFI = 0.976 (Normed Fit Index)
## IFI = 0.982 (Incremental Fit Index)
## GFI = 0.997 (Goodness-of-Fit Index)
## AGFI = 0.956 (Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index)
## RMSEA = 0.074, 90% CI [0.002, 0.159] (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation)
## SRMR = 0.018 (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual)
##
## Model Estimates (lavaan):
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Estimate S.E. z p LLCI ULCI Beta
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Regression Paths:
## X <- C 0.137 (0.043) 3.155 .002 ** 0.052 0.222 0.137
## X <- EX 0.138 (0.043) 3.248 .001 ** 0.055 0.222 0.138
## X <- ES 0.159 (0.043) 3.684 <.001 *** 0.074 0.243 0.159
## Y <- X 0.417 (0.196) 2.135 .033 * 0.034 0.801 0.417
## Y <- C 0.127 (0.059) 2.135 .033 * 0.010 0.243 0.127
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Note. Raw (Standard) Confidence Interval (CI) and SE.
## ─────────────────────────────
## Wald.Statistic Wald.pValue
## ─────────────────────────────
## 1 29.512 0.000
## ─────────────────────────────
## $R2x.z
## [,1]
## [1,] 0.07506
## SEM Model fit results
## ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Model ChiSqM_Value ChiSqM_DF ChiSqM_PValue CFI SRMR ChiSq_Diff DF_Diff ChiSq_p
## ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## 1 Model 1 3.852 1.000 0.050 0.981 0.018
## 2 Model 2 7.241 2.000 0.027 0.965 0.024 3.389 1.000 0.066
## ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
IVs
are EN
## X ~ EX + ES
## Y ~ X
## Y ~~ X
## EX ~~ ES
##
## Fit Measures (lavaan):
## χ²(1, N = 517) = 3.598, p = 0.058 .
## χ²/df = 3.598
## AIC = 5786.961 (Akaike Information Criterion)
## BIC = 5825.193 (Bayesian Information Criterion)
## CFI = 0.972 (Comparative Fit Index)
## TLI = 0.833 (Tucker-Lewis Index; Non-Normed Fit Index, NNFI)
## NFI = 0.964 (Normed Fit Index)
## IFI = 0.974 (Incremental Fit Index)
## GFI = 0.997 (Goodness-of-Fit Index)
## AGFI = 0.965 (Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index)
## RMSEA = 0.071, 90% CI [0.000, 0.156] (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation)
## SRMR = 0.021 (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual)
##
## Model Estimates (lavaan):
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Estimate S.E. z p LLCI ULCI Beta
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Regression Paths:
## X <- EX 0.162 (0.042) 3.898 <.001 *** 0.081 0.244 0.162
## X <- ES 0.180 (0.042) 4.300 <.001 *** 0.098 0.263 0.180
## Y <- X 0.545 (0.171) 3.185 .001 ** 0.210 0.881 0.545
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Note. Raw (Standard) Confidence Interval (CI) and SE.
## ─────────────────────────────
## Wald.Statistic Wald.pValue
## ─────────────────────────────
## 1 41.403 0.000
## ─────────────────────────────
## $R2x.z
## [,1]
## [1,] 0.07506
## SEM Model fit results
## ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Model ChiSqM_Value ChiSqM_DF ChiSqM_PValue CFI SRMR ChiSq_Diff DF_Diff ChiSq_p
## ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## 1 Model 1 3.598 1.000 0.058 0.972 0.021
## 2 Model 2 3.598 1.000 0.058 0.972 0.021 0.000 0.000 1.000
## ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
RESULTS SUMMARY
## ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Model ChiSqM_Value ChiSqM_DF ChiSqM_PValue CFI SRMR ChiSq_Diff DF_Diff ChiSq_p
## ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## 1 M1. OCEAN as IVs 8.017 4.000 0.091 0.985 0.020
## 2 M2. CEN as IVs with OA retained 12.111 6.000 0.060 0.977 0.025 4.094 2.000 0.129
## 3 M3. CEN as IVs with OA removed 7.241 2.000 0.027 0.965 0.024 3.389 1.000 0.066
## 4 M4. EN as IVs with the effect of C on Y 3.852 1.000 0.050 0.981 0.018
## 5 M5. EN as IVs 3.598 1.000 0.058 0.972 0.021
## ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Combined SEM Path Results
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## label M1.est_sig M1.se M2.est_sig M2.se M3.est_sig M3.se M4.est_sig M4.se M5.est_sig M5.se
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## 1 A.WITH.ES 0.160*** 0.044 NA NA NA NA
## 2 C.WITH.A 0.289*** 0.046 0.289*** 0.046 NA NA NA
## 3 C.WITH.ES 0.230*** 0.045 0.230*** 0.045 0.230*** 0.045 0.230*** 0.045 NA
## 4 C.WITH.EX 0.190*** 0.045 0.190*** 0.045 0.190*** 0.045 0.190*** 0.045 NA
## 5 C.WITH.O NA 0.160*** 0.044 NA NA NA
## 6 ES.WITH.A NA 0.160*** 0.044 NA NA NA
## 7 ES.WITH.O NA 0.070 0.044 NA NA NA
## 8 EX.WITH.A 0.200*** 0.045 0.200*** 0.045 NA NA NA
## 9 EX.WITH.ES 0.259*** 0.045 0.259*** 0.045 0.259*** 0.045 0.259*** 0.045 0.259*** 0.045
## 10 EX.WITH.O NA 0.289*** 0.046 NA NA NA
## 11 O.WITH.A 0.190*** 0.045 0.190*** 0.045 NA NA NA
## 12 O.WITH.C 0.160*** 0.044 NA NA NA NA
## 13 O.WITH.ES 0.070 0.044 NA NA NA NA
## 14 O.WITH.EX 0.289*** 0.046 NA NA NA NA
## 15 Variances.A 0.998*** 0.062 0.998*** 0.062 NA NA NA
## 16 Variances.C 0.998*** 0.062 0.998*** 0.062 0.998*** 0.062 0.998*** 0.062 NA
## 17 Variances.ES 0.998*** 0.062 0.998*** 0.062 0.998*** 0.062 0.998*** 0.062 0.998*** 0.062
## 18 Variances.EX 0.998*** 0.062 0.998*** 0.062 0.998*** 0.062 0.998*** 0.062 0.998*** 0.062
## 19 Variances.O 0.998*** 0.062 0.998*** 0.062 NA NA NA
## 20 Variances.X 0.904*** 0.056 0.910*** 0.057 0.910*** 0.057 0.906*** 0.056 0.924*** 0.057
## 21 Variances.Y 1.320*** 0.210 1.330*** 0.220 1.330*** 0.220 1.023*** 0.127 1.121*** 0.149
## 22 X.ON.A 0.060 0.038 NA NA NA NA
## 23 X.ON.C 0.165*** 0.040 0.173*** 0.039 0.173*** 0.039 0.137** 0.043 NA
## 24 X.ON.ES 0.115** 0.038 0.120** 0.038 0.120** 0.038 0.159*** 0.043 0.180*** 0.042
## 25 X.ON.EX 0.140*** 0.040 0.133*** 0.038 0.133*** 0.038 0.138** 0.043 0.162*** 0.042
## 26 X.ON.O -0.053 0.038 NA NA NA NA
## 27 X.WITH.Y -0.589*** 0.158 -0.597*** 0.165 -0.597*** 0.165 -0.282 0.183 -0.384* 0.165
## 28 Y.ON.C NA NA NA 0.127* 0.059 NA
## 29 Y.ON.X 0.750*** 0.165 0.759*** 0.170 0.759*** 0.170 0.417* 0.196 0.545** 0.171
## ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## label M1.est_sig M1.se M2.est_sig M2.se M3.est_sig M3.se M4.est_sig M4.se M5.est_sig M5.se
## ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## 1 X.ON.A 0.060 0.038 NA NA NA NA
## 2 X.ON.C 0.165*** 0.040 0.173*** 0.039 0.173*** 0.039 0.137** 0.043 NA
## 3 X.ON.ES 0.115** 0.038 0.120** 0.038 0.120** 0.038 0.159*** 0.043 0.180*** 0.042
## 4 X.ON.EX 0.140*** 0.040 0.133*** 0.038 0.133*** 0.038 0.138** 0.043 0.162*** 0.042
## 5 X.ON.O -0.053 0.038 NA NA NA NA
## 6 X.WITH.Y -0.589*** 0.158 -0.597*** 0.165 -0.597*** 0.165 -0.282 0.183 -0.384* 0.165
## 7 Y.ON.C NA NA NA 0.127* 0.059 NA
## 8 Y.ON.X 0.750*** 0.165 0.759*** 0.170 0.759*** 0.170 0.417* 0.196 0.545** 0.171
## ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────