행렬식의 기본성질
t(A)
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 1 2 -1
## [2,] 2 1 0
## [3,] 3 4 2
det(t(A))
## [1] -11
det(A)
## [1] -11
(M <- matrix(c(1, 7, 7, 4, 5, 5, 3, 2, 2), 3))
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 1 4 3
## [2,] 7 5 2
## [3,] 7 5 2
det(M)
## [1] 0
(A2 <- matrix(c(1, 4, 7, 2, 5, 8, 3, 6, 10), 3))
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 1 2 3
## [2,] 4 5 6
## [3,] 7 8 10
det(A2)
## [1] -3
(A3 <- matrix(c(1, 8, 2, 3, 17, 7, 2, 21, 1), 3))
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 1 3 2
## [2,] 8 17 21
## [3,] 2 7 1
det(A3)
## [1] 16
A4 <- A3
A3[2, ]
## [1] 8 17 21
A3[1, ]
## [1] 1 3 2
4*A3[1, ]
## [1] 4 12 8
(A4[2, ] <- A3[2, ] + 4*A3[1, ])
## [1] 12 29 29
A4
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 1 3 2
## [2,] 12 29 29
## [3,] 2 7 1
det(A4)
## [1] 16
(A5 <- matrix(c(1, 3, 2, 8), 2))
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 1 2
## [2,] 3 8
(B5 <- matrix(c(4, 6, 3, 6), 2))
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 4 3
## [2,] 6 6
A5 %*% B5
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 16 15
## [2,] 60 57
det(A5 %*% B5)
## [1] 12
det(A5)
## [1] 2
det(B5)
## [1] 6
det(A5)*det(B5)
## [1] 12
기본 행 연산
(P.21.4 <- matrix(c(1, 4, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1), 3))
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 1 0 0
## [2,] 4 1 0
## [3,] 0 0 1
P.21.4 %*% A3
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 1 3 2
## [2,] 12 29 29
## [3,] 2 7 1
A4
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 1 3 2
## [2,] 12 29 29
## [3,] 2 7 1
det(P.21.4)
## [1] 1
(E.12 <- diag(3)[c(2, 1, 3),])
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 0 1 0
## [2,] 1 0 0
## [3,] 0 0 1
det(E.12)
## [1] -1
(A6 <- matrix(c(2, 4, -2, 5, 9, 6, 1, -3, 8), 3))
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 2 5 1
## [2,] 4 9 -3
## [3,] -2 6 8
E.12 %*% A6
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 4 9 -3
## [2,] 2 5 1
## [3,] -2 6 8
A6[c(2, 1, 3),]
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 4 9 -3
## [2,] 2 5 1
## [3,] -2 6 8
A6 %*% E.12
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 5 2 1
## [2,] 9 4 -3
## [3,] 6 -2 8
A6[, c(2, 1, 3)]
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 5 2 1
## [2,] 9 4 -3
## [3,] 6 -2 8
(R.33.5 <- matrix(c(1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 5), 3))
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 1 0 0
## [2,] 0 1 0
## [3,] 0 0 5
A6
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 2 5 1
## [2,] 4 9 -3
## [3,] -2 6 8
R.33.5 %*% A6
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 2 5 1
## [2,] 4 9 -3
## [3,] -10 30 40
A6 %*% R.33.5
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 2 5 5
## [2,] 4 9 -15
## [3,] -2 6 40
det(R.33.5)
## [1] 5
(A7 <- matrix(c(4, 1, 6, 7), 2))
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 4 6
## [2,] 1 7
(A8 <- matrix(c(2, 1, 3, 7), 2))
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 2 3
## [2,] 1 7
det(A7)
## [1] 22
det(A8)
## [1] 11
2*det(A8)
## [1] 22
(A9 <- matrix(c(1, -3, 5, 0, 1, 2, 9, 0, -1), 3))
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 1 0 9
## [2,] -3 1 0
## [3,] 5 2 -1
(A10 <- 3*A9)
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 3 0 27
## [2,] -9 3 0
## [3,] 15 6 -3
det(A9)
## [1] -100
det(A10)
## [1] -2700
(A11 <- matrix(c(-3, 2, 7, 6, -4, 5, 12, -8, 9), 3))
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] -3 6 12
## [2,] 2 -4 -8
## [3,] 7 5 9
det(A11)
## [1] 1.012523e-13
(A12 <- matrix(c(6, -1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, 7, 9), 3))
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 6 3 0
## [2,] -1 4 7
## [3,] 2 5 9
det(A12)
## [1] 75
(A13 <- A12)
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 6 3 0
## [2,] -1 4 7
## [3,] 2 5 9
A13[, 1] <- A13[, 1] + (-2)*A13[, 2]
A13
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 0 3 0
## [2,] -9 4 7
## [3,] -8 5 9
det(A13)
## [1] 75
(A14 <- A12[c(3, 2, 1),])
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 2 5 9
## [2,] -1 4 7
## [3,] 6 3 0
det(A14)
## [1] -75
(A15 <- matrix(c(2, 5, 3, 9), 2))
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 2 3
## [2,] 5 9
det(A15)
## [1] 3
(L1 <- matrix(c(1, 0, 2, 1), 2))
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 1 2
## [2,] 0 1
L1 %*% A15
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 12 21
## [2,] 5 9
A16 <- A15
(A16[1, ] <- A15[1, ] + 2*A15[2, ])
## [1] 12 21
A16
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 12 21
## [2,] 5 9
det(A16)
## [1] 3
(L2 <- matrix(c(2, 0, 1, 1), 2))
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 2 1
## [2,] 0 1
L2 %*% A15
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 9 15
## [2,] 5 9
A17 <- A15
(A17[1, ] <- 2*A15[1, ] + A15[2, ])
## [1] 9 15
A17
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 9 15
## [2,] 5 9
det(A17)
## [1] 6