| Characteristic | Control, N = 2261 | Tailored, N = 2191 | p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 58 (54, 65) | 58 (54, 63) | 0.7 |
| Race | 0.8 | ||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 4 (1.8%) | 2 (0.9%) | |
| Asian or Asian American | 3 (1.3%) | 3 (1.4%) | |
| Black or African American | 41 (18%) | 34 (16%) | |
| White | 174 (77%) | 175 (80%) | |
| Other/More than one | 2 (0.9%) | 4 (1.8%) | |
| Do not wish to provide | 2 (0.9%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 5 (2.2%) | 4 (1.9%) | >0.9 |
| Unknown | 2 | 3 | |
| Height (cm) | 165 (160, 170) | 165 (160, 170) | 0.2 |
| Weight (kg) | 77 (64, 93) | 75 (63, 89) | 0.5 |
| Unknown | 24 | 20 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m^2) | 28 (24, 33) | 27 (23, 32) | 0.2 |
| Unknown | 24 | 20 | |
| Education | 0.12 | ||
| High school diploma or GED | 4 (1.8%) | 7 (3.2%) | |
| Vocational school or other specialized training | 10 (4.4%) | 5 (2.3%) | |
| Some college | 13 (5.8%) | 23 (11%) | |
| College degree (Associate's or Bachelor's) | 85 (38%) | 67 (31%) | |
| Master's or Doctorate degree | 114 (50%) | 117 (53%) | |
| Work status | 0.4 | ||
| Retired | 60 (27%) | 60 (27%) | |
| Not working due to a disability | 3 (1.3%) | 6 (2.7%) | |
| Not working for another reason | 5 (2.2%) | 5 (2.3%) | |
| Stay at home parent or caregiver | 5 (2.2%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
| Working full-time | 131 (58%) | 118 (54%) | |
| Working part-time | 22 (9.7%) | 29 (13%) | |
| Have a primary care provider | 185 (82%) | 187 (85%) | 0.3 |
| Health insurance | 0.8 | ||
| Medicare/Medicaid | 94 (42%) | 87 (40%) | |
| Other types of insurance | 129 (57%) | 127 (58%) | |
| I am not sure | 1 (0.4%) | 2 (0.9%) | |
| None | 2 (0.9%) | 3 (1.4%) | |
| Number of pregnancies | 0.4 | ||
| 0 | 31 (14%) | 22 (10%) | |
| 1 | 26 (12%) | 36 (16%) | |
| 2-3 | 130 (58%) | 126 (58%) | |
| 4+ | 38 (17%) | 35 (16%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Overall health in past 4 weeks (self-rated) | 0.12 | ||
| Excellent | 26 (12%) | 37 (17%) | |
| Very good | 68 (30%) | 75 (34%) | |
| Good | 93 (41%) | 79 (36%) | |
| Fair | 36 (16%) | 23 (11%) | |
| Poor | 2 (0.9%) | 5 (2.3%) | |
| Very poor | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | |
| High blood pressure | 57 (25%) | 58 (26%) | 0.8 |
| Diabetes | 12 (5.3%) | 13 (5.9%) | 0.8 |
| Obesity | 46 (20%) | 40 (18%) | 0.6 |
| Memory problems | 16 (7.1%) | 11 (5.0%) | 0.4 |
| Anxiety | 72 (32%) | 60 (27%) | 0.3 |
| Depression | 66 (29%) | 52 (24%) | 0.2 |
| Cancer | 5 (2.2%) | 7 (3.2%) | 0.5 |
| Chronic pain | 32 (14%) | 40 (18%) | 0.2 |
| Hysterectomy | 36 (16%) | 36 (16%) | 0.9 |
| Cholecystectomy | 30 (13%) | 20 (9.1%) | 0.2 |
| Surgery for pelvic organ prolapse | 5 (2.2%) | 6 (2.7%) | 0.7 |
| Mesh sling for urinary incontinence | 7 (3.1%) | 6 (2.7%) | 0.8 |
| Other surgery for urinary incontinence | 15 (6.6%) | 10 (4.6%) | 0.3 |
| Surgery for bowel incontinence | 0 (0%) | 3 (1.4%) | 0.12 |
| 1 Median (IQR); n (%) | |||
| 2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test | |||
Tailoring Online Continence Promotion (TOCP)
Statistical analysis
Description of methods.
Baseline characteristics
Demographics and health information
Patient demographics, health status, medical and surgical histories at baseline (Sec. 5 of baseline_survey) are summarized in Table 1.
Health behavior
Health behaviors that may impact bladder or bowel health at baseline (Sec. 2 of baseline_survey) are summarized by randomized arm in Table 2.
| Characteristic | Control, N = 2261 | Tailored, N = 2191 | p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kegel squeezes in last 4 weeks | 0.8 | ||
| Once per month or less | 103 (46%) | 92 (42%) | |
| A few times per month | 44 (19%) | 49 (22%) | |
| At least once per week | 25 (11%) | 25 (11%) | |
| Several times per week | 26 (12%) | 23 (11%) | |
| At least once per day | 9 (4.0%) | 15 (6.8%) | |
| Several times per day | 16 (7.1%) | 13 (5.9%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 3 (1.3%) | 2 (0.9%) | |
| Daily fiber intake | >0.9 | ||
| Less than I should | 66 (29%) | 62 (28%) | |
| About what I should | 130 (58%) | 125 (57%) | |
| More than I should | 29 (13%) | 31 (14%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
| Daily fluid intake | 0.7 | ||
| Less than I should | 48 (21%) | 54 (25%) | |
| About what I should | 141 (62%) | 129 (59%) | |
| More than I should | 37 (16%) | 36 (16%) | |
| Estimated total fluid intake | 60.0 (40.0, 96.0) | 64.0 (40.0, 91.0) | >0.9 |
| Servings of coffee last week | 0.8 | ||
| I do not drink coffee | 49 (22%) | 42 (19%) | |
| Less than 3 servings per week | 46 (20%) | 37 (17%) | |
| 3-6 servings per week | 31 (14%) | 40 (18%) | |
| 1 serving (12 ounces) per day | 36 (16%) | 36 (16%) | |
| 2 servings (24 ounces) per day | 51 (23%) | 50 (23%) | |
| 3 or more servings (36 ounces) per day | 13 (5.8%) | 14 (6.4%) | |
| Servings of soda last week | >0.9 | ||
| I do not drink soda with caffeine | 86 (38%) | 85 (39%) | |
| Less than 3 servings per week | 59 (26%) | 56 (26%) | |
| 3-6 servings per week | 36 (16%) | 34 (16%) | |
| 1 serving (12 ounces) per day | 21 (9.3%) | 25 (11%) | |
| 2 servings (24 ounces) per day | 18 (8.0%) | 13 (5.9%) | |
| 3 or more servings (36 ounces) per day | 6 (2.7%) | 6 (2.7%) | |
| Fruit last 4 weeks | 0.8 | ||
| Less than 1 serving per week | 30 (13%) | 24 (11%) | |
| 1 serving per week | 13 (5.8%) | 14 (6.4%) | |
| 2-3 servings per week | 43 (19%) | 47 (21%) | |
| 4-6 servings per week | 30 (13%) | 37 (17%) | |
| 1 serving per day | 44 (19%) | 43 (20%) | |
| More than 1 serving per day | 65 (29%) | 54 (25%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Green salad last 4 weeks | 0.4 | ||
| Less than 1 serving per week | 18 (8.0%) | 20 (9.1%) | |
| 1 serving per week | 33 (15%) | 35 (16%) | |
| 2-3 servings per week | 65 (29%) | 62 (28%) | |
| 4-6 servings per week | 43 (19%) | 54 (25%) | |
| 1 serving per day | 46 (20%) | 35 (16%) | |
| More than 1 serving per day | 21 (9.3%) | 13 (5.9%) | |
| Potato last 4 weeks | 0.2 | ||
| Less than 1 serving per week | 26 (12%) | 22 (10%) | |
| 1 serving per week | 35 (15%) | 47 (21%) | |
| 2-3 servings per week | 70 (31%) | 66 (30%) | |
| 4-6 servings per week | 38 (17%) | 47 (21%) | |
| 1 serving per day | 43 (19%) | 26 (12%) | |
| More than 1 serving per day | 14 (6.2%) | 11 (5.0%) | |
| Vegetable last 4 weeks | >0.9 | ||
| Less than 1 serving per week | 2 (0.9%) | 3 (1.4%) | |
| 1 serving per week | 11 (4.9%) | 13 (5.9%) | |
| 2-3 servings per week | 53 (23%) | 51 (23%) | |
| 4-6 servings per week | 50 (22%) | 46 (21%) | |
| 1 serving per day | 43 (19%) | 46 (21%) | |
| More than 1 serving per day | 67 (30%) | 60 (27%) | |
| Vegetable juice last 4 weeks | 0.4 | ||
| Less than 1 serving per week | 129 (57%) | 128 (58%) | |
| 1 serving per week | 27 (12%) | 23 (11%) | |
| 2-3 servings per week | 17 (7.5%) | 23 (11%) | |
| 4-6 servings per week | 13 (5.8%) | 15 (6.8%) | |
| 1 serving per day | 15 (6.6%) | 16 (7.3%) | |
| More than 1 serving per day | 23 (10%) | 11 (5.0%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 2 (0.9%) | 3 (1.4%) | |
| Vegetable soup last 4 weeks | 0.6 | ||
| Less than 1 serving per week | 56 (25%) | 68 (31%) | |
| 1 serving per week | 58 (26%) | 54 (25%) | |
| 2-3 servings per week | 47 (21%) | 44 (20%) | |
| 4-6 servings per week | 20 (8.8%) | 21 (9.6%) | |
| 1 serving per day | 20 (8.8%) | 13 (5.9%) | |
| More than 1 serving per day | 25 (11%) | 18 (8.2%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
| Fiber cereal last 4 weeks | >0.9 | ||
| Less than 1 serving per week | 85 (38%) | 80 (37%) | |
| 1 serving per week | 22 (9.7%) | 19 (8.7%) | |
| 2-3 servings per week | 38 (17%) | 42 (19%) | |
| 4-6 servings per week | 29 (13%) | 29 (13%) | |
| 1 serving per day | 32 (14%) | 33 (15%) | |
| More than 1 serving per day | 18 (8.0%) | 13 (5.9%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 2 (0.9%) | 3 (1.4%) | |
| Whole wheat/rye bread last 4 weeks | |||
| Less than 1 serving per week | 47 (21%) | 41 (19%) | |
| 1 serving per week | 26 (12%) | 31 (14%) | |
| 2-3 servings per week | 59 (26%) | 60 (27%) | |
| 4-6 servings per week | 30 (13%) | 39 (18%) | |
| 1 serving per day | 34 (15%) | 35 (16%) | |
| More than 1 serving per day | 28 (12%) | 12 (5.5%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 2 (0.9%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
| Beans last 4 weeks | 0.6 | ||
| Less than 1 serving per week | 39 (17%) | 41 (19%) | |
| 1 serving per week | 46 (20%) | 42 (19%) | |
| 2-3 servings per week | 54 (24%) | 64 (29%) | |
| 4-6 servings per week | 38 (17%) | 27 (12%) | |
| 1 serving per day | 27 (12%) | 26 (12%) | |
| More than 1 serving per day | 21 (9.3%) | 16 (7.3%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 1 (0.4%) | 3 (1.4%) | |
| I use panty liners | 109 (48%) | 93 (42%) | 0.2 |
| I use pads | 88 (39%) | 68 (31%) | 0.081 |
| I use undergarments (e.g., Depends/diapers) | 69 (31%) | 47 (21%) | 0.029 |
| I use something else | 11 (4.9%) | 10 (4.6%) | 0.9 |
| I do not use anything | 72 (32%) | 87 (40%) | 0.083 |
| Number of panty liners used per 24 h | 0.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.12 |
| Unknown | 15 | 13 | |
| Number of pads used per 24 h | 0.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.15 |
| Unknown | 13 | 11 | |
| Number of undergarments used per 24 h | 0.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 1.0) | 0.030 |
| Unknown | 14 | 13 | |
| Money spent on managing symptoms last month | |||
| None | 76 (34%) | 86 (39%) | |
| Less than $5 | 16 (7.1%) | 11 (5.0%) | |
| $5 - $10 | 25 (11%) | 22 (10%) | |
| $11 - $20 | 20 (8.8%) | 21 (9.6%) | |
| $21 - $30 | 19 (8.4%) | 10 (4.6%) | |
| $31 - $50 | 21 (9.3%) | 22 (10%) | |
| $51 - $100 | 22 (9.7%) | 22 (10%) | |
| $101 - $200 | 20 (8.8%) | 14 (6.4%) | |
| More than $200 | 2 (0.9%) | 2 (0.9%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 5 (2.2%) | 9 (4.1%) | |
| Number of urinations overnight | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 1.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 0.3 |
| Number of urinations during daytime | 0.14 | ||
| less than 4 times per day | 30 (13%) | 20 (9.1%) | |
| 4-5 times | 59 (26%) | 68 (31%) | |
| 6-8 times | 82 (36%) | 95 (43%) | |
| 9-10 times | 40 (18%) | 29 (13%) | |
| 11-12 times | 13 (5.8%) | 7 (3.2%) | |
| more than 12 times per day | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Time between urinations | |||
| less than 4 times per day | 37 (16%) | 33 (15%) | |
| 4-5 times | 49 (22%) | 66 (30%) | |
| 6-8 times | 85 (38%) | 89 (41%) | |
| 9-10 times | 42 (19%) | 18 (8.2%) | |
| 11-12 times | 10 (4.4%) | 12 (5.5%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 3 (1.3%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
| 1 n (%); Median (IQR) | |||
| 2 Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Wilcoxon rank sum test | |||
Bladder Symptoms
Bladder symptoms at baseline (Sec. 3 of baseline_survey) are summarized by randomized arm in Table 3.
| Characteristic | Control, N = 2261 | Tailored, N = 2191 | p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leakage | |||
| Never | 13 (5.8%) | 27 (12%) | |
| About once a week or less often | 69 (31%) | 68 (31%) | |
| Two or three times a week | 59 (26%) | 51 (23%) | |
| About once a day | 30 (13%) | 33 (15%) | |
| Several times a day | 40 (18%) | 30 (14%) | |
| All the time | 14 (6.2%) | 8 (3.7%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 1 (0.4%) | 2 (0.9%) | |
| Amount of leakage | 0.071 | ||
| None | 12 (5.3%) | 22 (10%) | |
| A small amount | 144 (64%) | 148 (68%) | |
| A moderate amount | 51 (23%) | 36 (16%) | |
| A large amount | 19 (8.4%) | 12 (5.5%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
| Leakage interferes with daily life (0-10) | 3.0 (1.0, 6.0) | 3.0 (1.0, 5.0) | 0.043 |
| Unknown | 0 | 1 | |
| iciq score BL | 8.0 (5.0, 12.0) | 7.0 (4.0, 10.3) | 0.025 |
| Unknown | 1 | 3 | |
| Urine does not leak | 13 (5.8%) | 23 (11%) | 0.066 |
| Leaks before getting to toilet | 109 (48%) | 103 (47%) | 0.8 |
| Leaks when you cough or sneeze | 122 (54%) | 115 (53%) | 0.8 |
| Leaks when asleep | 45 (20%) | 43 (20%) | >0.9 |
| Leaks when physically active/exercising | 87 (38%) | 74 (34%) | 0.3 |
| Leaks when finished urinating and dressed | 42 (19%) | 29 (13%) | 0.12 |
| Leaks for no obvious reason | 64 (28%) | 38 (17%) | 0.006 |
| Leaks all the time | 10 (4.4%) | 9 (4.1%) | 0.9 |
| Confidence in controlling urine (0-10) | 5.0 (4.0, 8.0) | 6.0 (3.0, 8.0) | 0.8 |
| Unknown | 1 | 1 | |
| Confidence in preventing urine loss (0-10) | 5.0 (3.0, 8.0) | 6.0 (3.0, 9.0) | 0.3 |
| Unknown | 5 | 1 | |
| Ability to do household chores | 0.6 | ||
| Not at all | 136 (60%) | 136 (62%) | |
| Somewhat | 35 (15%) | 29 (13%) | |
| Moderately | 30 (13%) | 23 (11%) | |
| Quite a bit/Greatly | 25 (11%) | 31 (14%) | |
| Ability to walk/swim/exercise | 0.6 | ||
| Not at all | 89 (39%) | 82 (37%) | |
| Somewhat | 69 (31%) | 78 (36%) | |
| Moderately | 38 (17%) | 35 (16%) | |
| Quite a bit/Greatly | 30 (13%) | 23 (11%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
| Ability to go to movies/concerts | 0.7 | ||
| Not at all | 103 (46%) | 108 (49%) | |
| Somewhat | 55 (24%) | 55 (25%) | |
| Moderately | 42 (19%) | 35 (16%) | |
| Quite a bit/Greatly | 26 (12%) | 20 (9.1%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
| Ability to travel by car/bus 30min away | 0.026 | ||
| Not at all | 85 (38%) | 106 (48%) | |
| Somewhat | 62 (27%) | 62 (28%) | |
| Moderately | 57 (25%) | 33 (15%) | |
| Quite a bit/Greatly | 22 (9.7%) | 17 (7.8%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
| Ability to socialize outside home | 0.7 | ||
| Not at all | 97 (43%) | 104 (47%) | |
| Somewhat | 59 (26%) | 57 (26%) | |
| Moderately | 40 (18%) | 34 (16%) | |
| Quite a bit/Greatly | 30 (13%) | 23 (11%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
| Emotional health (nervousness, depression, etc) | 0.093 | ||
| Not at all | 100 (44%) | 113 (52%) | |
| Somewhat | 51 (23%) | 56 (26%) | |
| Moderately | 40 (18%) | 25 (11%) | |
| Quite a bit/Greatly | 35 (15%) | 24 (11%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
| Feeling frustrated | 0.4 | ||
| Not at all | 76 (34%) | 85 (39%) | |
| Somewhat | 68 (30%) | 70 (32%) | |
| Moderately | 44 (19%) | 37 (17%) | |
| Quite a bit/Greatly | 38 (17%) | 26 (12%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.5%) | |
| Sought help with health professionals | 0.13 | ||
| No | 77 (34%) | 96 (44%) | |
| Yes, but not very helpful | 57 (25%) | 45 (21%) | |
| Yes, and helpful | 90 (40%) | 74 (34%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 2 (0.9%) | 4 (1.8%) | |
| No health care practitioner to help me | 0.6 | ||
| Not at all | 134 (59%) | 133 (61%) | |
| Somewhat | 39 (17%) | 40 (18%) | |
| Moderately | 23 (10%) | 13 (5.9%) | |
| Quite a bit/Greatly | 25 (11%) | 27 (12%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 5 (2.2%) | 6 (2.7%) | |
| Long delays before insurance repays | 0.2 | ||
| Not at all | 115 (51%) | 121 (55%) | |
| Somewhat | 46 (20%) | 34 (16%) | |
| Moderately | 24 (11%) | 33 (15%) | |
| Quite a bit/Greatly | 31 (14%) | 19 (8.7%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 10 (4.4%) | 12 (5.5%) | |
| Insurance too complicated to figure out | >0.9 | ||
| Not at all | 118 (52%) | 117 (53%) | |
| Somewhat | 52 (23%) | 51 (23%) | |
| Moderately | 37 (16%) | 36 (16%) | |
| Quite a bit/Greatly | 17 (7.5%) | 13 (5.9%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 2 (0.9%) | 2 (0.9%) | |
| Cost of leakage evaluation too high | 0.7 | ||
| Not at all | 113 (50%) | 122 (56%) | |
| Somewhat | 46 (20%) | 43 (20%) | |
| Moderately | 32 (14%) | 29 (13%) | |
| Quite a bit/Greatly | 26 (12%) | 18 (8.2%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 9 (4.0%) | 7 (3.2%) | |
| No transportation to office or clinic | 0.8 | ||
| Not at all | 161 (71%) | 156 (71%) | |
| Somewhat | 25 (11%) | 26 (12%) | |
| Moderately | 22 (9.7%) | 16 (7.3%) | |
| Quite a bit/Greatly | 17 (7.5%) | 18 (8.2%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 1 (0.4%) | 3 (1.4%) | |
| Long waiting times for appointments | 0.6 | ||
| Not at all | 121 (54%) | 121 (55%) | |
| Somewhat | 43 (19%) | 31 (14%) | |
| Moderately | 32 (14%) | 38 (17%) | |
| Quite a bit/Greatly | 26 (12%) | 24 (11%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 4 (1.8%) | 5 (2.3%) | |
| Office/Clinic too far away | 0.087 | ||
| Not at all | 145 (64%) | 133 (61%) | |
| Somewhat | 28 (12%) | 32 (15%) | |
| Moderately | 29 (13%) | 38 (17%) | |
| Quite a bit/Greatly | 24 (11%) | 13 (5.9%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 0 (0%) | 3 (1.4%) | |
| Appointment schedule too far ahead | 0.4 | ||
| Not at all | 89 (39%) | 84 (38%) | |
| Somewhat | 60 (27%) | 64 (29%) | |
| Moderately | 39 (17%) | 44 (20%) | |
| Quite a bit/Greatly | 35 (15%) | 22 (10%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 3 (1.3%) | 5 (2.3%) | |
| Office hours too limited | >0.9 | ||
| Not at all | 117 (52%) | 118 (54%) | |
| Somewhat | 45 (20%) | 41 (19%) | |
| Moderately | 36 (16%) | 34 (16%) | |
| Quite a bit/Greatly | 25 (11%) | 22 (10%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 3 (1.3%) | 4 (1.8%) | |
| Don't like to be examined/asked many questions | 0.5 | ||
| Not at all | 135 (60%) | 130 (59%) | |
| Somewhat | 42 (19%) | 45 (21%) | |
| Moderately | 25 (11%) | 22 (10%) | |
| Quite a bit/Greatly | 24 (11%) | 19 (8.7%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 0 (0%) | 3 (1.4%) | |
| Physician/nurse doesn't take time with me | 0.12 | ||
| Not at all | 143 (63%) | 137 (63%) | |
| Somewhat | 37 (16%) | 30 (14%) | |
| Moderately | 24 (11%) | 28 (13%) | |
| Quite a bit/Greatly | 21 (9.3%) | 16 (7.3%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 1 (0.4%) | 8 (3.7%) | |
| Afraid of serious problem | 0.2 | ||
| Not at all | 130 (58%) | 131 (60%) | |
| Somewhat | 42 (19%) | 43 (20%) | |
| Moderately | 30 (13%) | 24 (11%) | |
| Quite a bit/Greatly | 24 (11%) | 17 (7.8%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 0 (0%) | 4 (1.8%) | |
| Afraid of health care practitioner | 0.038 | ||
| Not at all | 166 (73%) | 156 (71%) | |
| Somewhat | 28 (12%) | 21 (9.6%) | |
| Moderately | 11 (4.9%) | 21 (9.6%) | |
| Quite a bit/Greatly | 21 (9.3%) | 16 (7.3%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 0 (0%) | 5 (2.3%) | |
| HCP not interested in my problem | 0.13 | ||
| Not at all | 151 (67%) | 147 (67%) | |
| Somewhat | 34 (15%) | 31 (14%) | |
| Moderately | 23 (10%) | 22 (10%) | |
| Quite a bit/Greatly | 18 (8.0%) | 13 (5.9%) | |
| Choose not to answer | 0 (0%) | 6 (2.7%) | |
| 1 n (%); Median (IQR) | |||
| 2 Fisher’s exact test; Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test | |||
Bowel Symptoms
Bowel symptoms at baseline (Sec. 4 of baseline_survey) are summarized by randomized arm in Table 4.
| Characteristic | Control, N = 2261 | Tailored, N = 2191 |
|---|---|---|
| Solid stool incontinence | ||
| Never (less than once per month) | 145 (64%) | 154 (70%) |
| Rarely (about once a month) | 31 (14%) | 26 (12%) |
| Sometimes (2-3 times a month) | 25 (11%) | 19 (8.7%) |
| Weekly | 7 (3.1%) | 6 (2.7%) |
| Daily | 18 (8.0%) | 13 (5.9%) |
| Choose not to answer | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.5%) |
| Liquid stool incontinence | ||
| Never (less than once per month) | 115 (51%) | 124 (57%) |
| Rarely (about once a month) | 41 (18%) | 35 (16%) |
| Sometimes (2-3 times a month) | 37 (16%) | 32 (15%) |
| Weekly | 18 (8.0%) | 14 (6.4%) |
| Daily | 15 (6.6%) | 13 (5.9%) |
| Choose not to answer | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.5%) |
| Gas incontinence | ||
| Never (less than once per month) | 40 (18%) | 42 (19%) |
| Rarely (about once a month) | 49 (22%) | 54 (25%) |
| Sometimes (2-3 times a month) | 59 (26%) | 59 (27%) |
| Weekly | 34 (15%) | 31 (14%) |
| Daily | 44 (19%) | 33 (15%) |
| Bowel symptoms affecting lifestyle | ||
| Never (less than once per month) | 81 (36%) | 83 (38%) |
| Rarely (about once a month) | 41 (18%) | 51 (23%) |
| Sometimes (2-3 times a month) | 61 (27%) | 50 (23%) |
| Weekly | 21 (9.3%) | 16 (7.3%) |
| Daily | 22 (9.7%) | 19 (8.7%) |
| Use of pads/plugs | 66 (29%) | 58 (27%) |
| Unknown | 0 | 4 |
| Use of medications | 63 (28%) | 51 (24%) |
| Unknown | 0 | 2 |
| Have to rush to toilet when having urge | 103 (46%) | 98 (45%) |
| Unknown | 0 | 1 |
| SMIS total score | 7.0 (2.0, 13.0) | 5.0 (2.0, 12.0) |
| Unknown | 0 | 7 |
| Confidence in controlling bowel (0-10) | 8.0 (5.0, 10.0) | 8.0 (5.0, 9.0) |
| Unknown | 3 | 1 |
| Confidence in preventing bowel loss (0-10) | 8.0 (5.0, 10.0) | 8.0 (6.0, 10.0) |
| Unknown | 4 | 1 |
| Sought help with health professionals | ||
| No | 131 (58%) | 140 (64%) |
| Yes, but not very helpful | 27 (12%) | 24 (11%) |
| Yes, and helpful | 66 (29%) | 55 (25%) |
| Choose not to answer | 2 (0.9%) | 0 (0%) |
| 1 n (%); Median (IQR) | ||
Engagement in first 4 weeks (Aim 1)
Presence/absence of a click
For each day after randomization (baseline_survey_timestamp), we determine if a patient clicked on the website. Their click patterns over time by randomization status are shown in Figure 1.
Proportion of patients with at least one click per day/week over time by randomization status is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 1 and Figure 2 show that most patients clicked on the website within the first week after randomization. The proportion of patients who clicked on the website decreased over time. The proportion of patients who clicked on the website was simiar between the two arms.
In the first 4 weeks following randomization, the number and proportion of patients who clicked on the website at least once for all 4 weeks (primary endpoint) and at least 3 or 2 weeks are summarized in Table 5 and visualized in Figure 3.
| Characteristic | Control, N = 2261 | Tailored, N = 2191 | p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| All 4 weeks (Primary endpoint) | 17 (7.5%) | 35 (16%) | 0.005 |
| At least 3 weeks | 70 (31%) | 70 (32%) | 0.8 |
| At least 2 weeks | 121 (54%) | 127 (58%) | 0.3 |
| 1 n (%) | |||
| 2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test | |||
There is a higher percentage of patients who clicked on the website for all 4 weeks in the intervention arm compared to the control arm. The difference in the proportion of patients who clicked on the website for at least 3 or 2 weeks between the two arms is not as pronounced.