IDI Business Owner Upskill Pattern

Number of Employers and Self Employments in Toi Mai Sectors

Overall, as the Figure One shows, the number of employers and self-employment in the Toi Mai sectors has remained relatively stable, with some minor changes throughout the years. Over 5% increases occurred in 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2019. The number peaked in 2019 with some fluctuations in 2020, 2021 and 2022.

Figure One

Number of Māori and Pacific Employer and self-employments from 1999-2022

Europeans are the leading ethnic group for the population of employers and self-employed people in the Toi Mai sectors. However, as the Figure Two indicates, Toi Mai’s sectors continue diversifying. In the latest output obtained from Statistic New Zealand, the data shows more Māori, Asian, and Pacific are becoming either employers or self-employed in relevant Toi Mai industries.

Figure Two

According to the information about 2022, 33.9% of employers and self-employments came from the Toi Pāho sector, followed by Toi Whānui at 23.50%, Toi ā-Ringa at 16.7%, Toi Ora at 13.8%, and Toi Puaki at 12.1%

Question Three

Average Yearly Income of Employers and Self Employments in the sector

Toi ā-Ringa

In general, based on the information shows on the line chart below, employers from a few industries are earning above average annual incomes in the last three years, including Jewellery and Silverware Manufacturing, Hairdressing and Beauty Services, Flower Retailing, and Other piblishing (except software, music, and internet).

Figure Four

Toi Ora

Toi Ora is the sector that covers the most Toi Mai industries. IIn last three years, employers from Amusement parks and centre operation, lottery operation, Health and fitness centres and gymnasia operation, and sports and physical recreation venue grounds and facility operation.

Figure Five

Toi Pāho

As the industry has the most employers and self-employments, individuals work in Post-production services and other motion picture and video activities has a predominant advantage, in terms of their average annual income since 1999, with $100448 in 2023.

Figure Six

Toi Whānui

Compared with other Peka, employers and self-employments in the Toi Whānui sector have predominant advantages in annual income they received. Figure Seven shows a steady growth. In 2023, individuals works in Computate System Design and Related Services earned the most at 99887.35, which followed by those worked in software publishing that earned 97339.50 annually and Data Processing and WebHosting Services that earned 88117.05. The dramatic drop for those worked in Eletronic Information Storage Services might not be the true reflection, as there might be a delay for those worked in the industry to return their personal earning information to IRD.

Figure Seven

Toi Puaki

It is evident that employers and self-employments in the Toi Puaki sector have not been able to earn enough from related subsector. As Figure Seven shows individuals worked in Creative arts musicians, writers and performers, Performing arts operation, and Performing arts venue operation mostly earn less than the general average of the entire sector. Compared with those in other sub sectors, individuals worked in the Music and other sound recording activities earned the most.

Figure Seven

Average Employee Count in Toi Mai Sectors

Through checking average number of employees associated with each employers, an attempt to understand the average number of employees for organisations operated in relevant Toi Mai sectors for understanding the trend between 2013 and 2023. Due to the suppression rule, some insights related to certain niche industries were omitted

Toi ā-Ringa

As the figure eight shows, most industries covered under Toi ā-Ringa experienced downsizing between 2013 and 2023. The most significant decrease occurred within the Newspaper publishing. Compared with 2013, the average size of businesses identified dropped significantly from 60 in 2013 to 40 in 2023. On the other hand, the most significant increase happened in the directory and mailing list publishing industry, as the data shows the average employee number increased to 12 in 2023.

Figure Eight

Toi Ora

As the Toi Mai sector covers the most industries, a diverse view about average employee count in this sector can be witnessed in the Figure Nine. As an industry normally has many employees contribute to its day-to-day operation, casino operation has the most people work in the industry. Its average employee count increased from 1200 in 2013 to 1400 in 2023. Additionally, museum operation, sports and physical recreation venues grounds and facilities operation, amusement parks and centers operation, libraries and archives, and Sports and physical recreation administrative service experienced either minor or moderate increases, while health and fitness centres and gymnasia operation and Sports and Physical recreation instruction all experienced decrease.

Figure Nine

Toi Pāho

As Figure Ten indicates, average sizes for organisations in both cable and other subscription broadcasting and free-to-air television broadcasting increased from 150 and 100 in 2013 to 190 and 150 in 2023. Due to the suppression rule, long term trends around radio broadcasting, motion picture exhibition, post-production services and other motion picture, motion picture and video production, and internet publishing and broadcasting were unable to identify.

Figure Ten

Toi Whānui

Compared with 2013, Data Processing and WebHosting Services was the only sector experienced decrease in 2023. Its average employee count level went from 20 in 2013 to 12 in 2023. Meanwhile, some substantial increases can be witnessed in electronic information storage services, computer system design and related services, and software publishing, as Figure Eleven illustrated.

Figure Eleven

Toi Puaki

Due to the suppression rule, insights with music and other sound recording activities and creative artists, musicians, writers, and performers cannot be identified. While performing arts venue operation demonstrated a declined trend, the average count drop from 12 in 2013 to 9 in 2023, the average employee count for performing arts operation industry went from 0 in 2013 to 6 in 2023.

Figure Twelve

Toi Mai Employers and Self-Employments’ Broad Level Upskilling Study Subject Pattern

Through collecting the upskilling study subject NZSCED information and ordering them based on completion year, an unique view about the relationship between previous NZSCED subject and next NZSCED subject was created, as Figure Thirteen shows.

Figure Thirteen

Top 20 Next NZSCED subjects by count

After conducting the summary statistic on the number of completions against each detailed NZSCED subject, it is evident that Te Reo Maori, Business Management, Tikanga-Māori Customs, and Teacher Education are some popular up skill choices that employers and self-employments that work in Toi Mai sectors chose to up skill in, as Figure Fourteen shows. It related to the nature of industries and needs of individuals, in terms of pursuing their inspiration in relevant fields.

Figure Fourteen

Toi Mai Employers and Self-Employments’ detailed Level Upskilling Study Subject Pattern

It was a common theme picked up in most of workforce development plans that employers and self-employments in Toi Mai’s sectors stated that they need to be trained in the field of technology and management and commerce for improving their productivity. As a result, the following part is dedicated to demonstrate the insight from the quantitative perspective by using the program completion data related to all employers and self-employments identified in the IDI environment.

Toi ā-Ringa

From the technology perspective, as Figure Fifteen shows,various streams of Toi ā-Ringa subjects as previous NZSCED are closely related with various information technology subjects as next NZSCED. Especially, those employers and self-employments that used to study fine arts and graphic arts and design studies have strong demands to up skill in programming computer science not elsewhere classified, information technology not elsewhere classified and multimedia computing science.

Figure Fifteen

From the business management perspective, as Figure Sixteen indicates, almost every single previous Toi ā-Ringa NZSCED associated with Business Management as next NZSCED. It indirectly reflects desires from both employers and self-employments on making their businesses sustainable.

Figure Sixteen

Teacher education at primary and secondary levels is another significant area that most employers and self-employments chose to up skill themselves in, as the Figure Seventeen shows. Due to the nature of not receiving sustainable incomes from their true inspirations, many employers and self-employments chose to study teacher education with a hope to receive enough regular incomes for keeping them in relevant industries that they feel passionated about.

Figure Seventeen

Finally, it is also identified that employers and self employments also have strong bonds to programmes associated with programmes under NZSCED like Te Reo Maori and Tikanga Maori- Customs, as the Figure Eighteen shows.

Figure Eighteen

Toi Ora

Within Toi Ora’s sub sectors, high proportion of self-employments work in the sport and fitness industry. As the following figure nineteen indicates, for those employers and self-employments completed their training in Human movement and sport science, sport and recreation activities, and sports coaching, playing, officiating and instructing all have strong desire to up skill in business management for making their businesses to be sustainable.

Figure Nineteen

Meanwhile, it is also evident that they also intend to choose technology related programme as well.

Figure Twenty

Figure Twenty One

Figure Twenty Two

Toi Pāho

Figure Twenty Three

Figure Twenty Four

Figure Twenty Five

Figure Twenty Six

Toi Puaki

Figure Twenty Seven

Figure Twenty Eight

Figure Twenty Eight

Figure Twenty Nine

Toi Whānui

Figure Thirty

Figure Thirty One

Change to annual personal income after receiving certain targeted training

Figure Thirty Two

Toi ā-Ringa

Figure Thirty Three

Toi Ora

Figure Thirty Four

Toi Pāho

Figure Thirty Five

Toi Puaki

Figure Thirty Six

Toi Whānui

Figure Thirty Seven