Go to the shared posit.cloud workspace for this class and open the assign04 project. Open the assign04.qmd file and complete the exercises.
We will be using pay-per-click (PPC) data from a 31 day campaign from a company that sells USB keys and USB hubs. Each row of the 555 observations represents a click on an internet ad based on a keyword search and there are 3 columns.
day - represents the day of the campaign. Valid days are 1-31.
price - represents the price of the campaign. Price can’t be a number below 0.10
keyword - represents the keyword purchased. Everything must be spelled correctly, there aren’t many keywords but they are some combination of “usb” and/or “key” or “hub”
In this assignment you will be examining each column for data validity. Each exercise presents one or more questions for you to answer.
We’ll start by loading the tidyverse family of packages along with the janitor and skimr packages, and our data.
library(tidyverse)
library(janitor)
library(skimr)
ppc_data <- read_csv("https://jsuleiman.com/datasets/ppc_data.csv")
glimpse(ppc_data)Rows: 555
Columns: 3
$ day <dbl> 9, 30, 19, 4, 30, 17, 5, 8, 17, 21, 4, 13, 29, 25, 25, 7, 4, 5…
$ keyword <chr> "usb", "usb hub", "usb hub", "usb key", "key", "usb hub", "hub…
$ price <dbl> 5.9, 8.0, 2.8, 7.7, 1.7, 5.5, 5.2, 3.8, 6.0, 2.0, 9.7, 7.0, 8.…There are six exercises in this assignment. The Grading Rubric is available at the end of this document.
Create a graph of number of clicks (i.e., observations) for each day (1-31). Use geom_bar() for your geometry. In the narrative below your code note which days had zero clicks.
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
data <- read.csv("https://jsuleiman.com/datasets/ppc_data.csv")
clicks_per_day <- data %>%
group_by(day) %>%
summarise(clicks = n())
ggplot(clicks_per_day, aes(x = factor(day), y = clicks)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity", fill = "maroon") +
labs(title = "Clicks per Day", x = "Day of the Month", y = "Number of Clicks") +
theme_minimal()
all_days <- data.frame(day = 1:31)
clicks_full <- left_join(all_days, clicks_per_day, by = "day")
clicks_full[is.na(clicks_full$clicks), ] day clicks
1 1 NA
27 27 NAThe first day of the month was the one day with no clicks.
Insert a code cell to show how many NA (i.e., missing) values there are in price. In the narrative below that code cell write out how many NA values there are for price and what percent of the observations that represents.
num_na_price <- sum(is.na(data$price))
total_observations <- nrow(data)
percent_na_price <- (num_na_price / total_observations) * 100
num_na_price[1] 6percent_na_price[1] 1.081081There are six NA values for price which represents approximately 1.08% of observations.
Valid values for price are 0.1 or greater. Insert a code cell that displays the number of values of price that are less than 0.1. In the narrative below that code cell write how many values are below 0.1.
num_invalid_price <- sum(data$price < 0.1, na.rm = TRUE)
invalid_price_rows <- data[data$price < 0.1, ]
num_invalid_price[1] 10invalid_price_rows day keyword price
18 5 key 0
79 4 key 0
101 18 ubs 0
NA NA <NA> NA
NA.1 NA <NA> NA
NA.2 NA <NA> NA
220 6 usb key 0
NA.3 NA <NA> NA
301 19 key 0
309 14 usb hub 0
345 16 usb key 0
365 23 usb key 0
NA.4 NA <NA> NA
421 10 hub 0
426 19 usb key 0
NA.5 NA <NA> NAThere are 6 values below .1
Insert a code cell that drops all of the rows that contain invalid or NA values for price.
cleaned_data <- data[!is.na(data$price) & data$price >= 0.1, ]
cleaned_data day keyword price
1 9 usb 5.9
2 30 usb hub 8.0
3 19 usb hub 2.8
4 4 usb key 7.7
5 30 key 1.7
6 17 usb hub 5.5
7 5 hub 5.2
8 8 key 3.8
9 17 usb key 6.0
10 21 usb key 2.0
11 4 ubs 9.7
12 13 ubs 7.0
13 29 usb 8.3
14 25 key 9.3
15 25 usb hub 3.5
16 7 usb key 6.4
17 4 usb key 8.5
19 4 hub 0.4
20 23 usb hub 8.3
21 20 key 5.9
22 7 hub 6.9
23 2 hub 8.1
24 15 usb key 2.8
25 8 usb 2.5
26 18 usb hub 8.7
27 21 hub 0.8
28 20 usb hub 5.7
29 26 usb key 0.1
30 22 hub 8.5
31 5 usb key 0.8
32 12 usb key 1.1
33 3 hub 7.7
34 20 usb key 7.4
35 4 usb hub 8.0
36 24 key 7.1
37 23 usb key 1.5
38 15 usb hub 6.7
39 26 hub 7.2
40 30 usb key 5.9
41 9 usb hub 5.5
42 13 hub 8.1
43 14 usb key 2.2
44 28 usb hub 7.2
45 3 ubs key 6.4
46 13 usb 2.6
47 13 usb 1.8
48 5 key 4.2
49 19 usb 7.9
50 13 key 7.9
51 23 hub 6.9
52 16 usb hub 6.3
53 5 key 0.8
54 11 usb hub 5.1
55 13 usb key 9.8
56 15 usb key 7.2
57 24 key 6.3
58 15 key 2.1
59 28 key 7.1
60 19 usb key 4.1
61 21 key 1.5
62 2 usb key 5.3
63 22 usb hub 2.1
64 13 usb key 3.2
65 25 key 0.9
66 14 hub 5.2
67 16 usb 9.6
68 5 hub 2.6
69 13 usb key 4.0
70 28 key 7.6
71 18 hub 4.1
72 3 usb key 6.8
73 21 usb 0.1
74 25 usb hub 1.8
75 2 key 8.2
76 9 hub 2.6
77 11 usb key 4.1
78 18 key 9.4
80 28 ubs key 3.3
81 23 usb hub 6.5
82 17 ubs 5.4
83 5 usb key 7.8
84 3 ubs key 0.4
85 17 usb hub 1.7
86 14 usb hub 2.4
87 12 usb key 0.9
88 18 key 3.4
89 30 usb key 1.3
90 30 hub 1.2
91 30 key 4.9
92 18 hub 4.7
93 31 usb hub 1.3
94 14 usb hub 1.3
95 3 usb hub 4.9
96 21 hub 0.7
97 19 usb key 5.4
98 29 usb 3.7
99 13 usb 9.4
100 19 usb key 8.7
102 19 usb hub 4.1
103 9 usb hub 0.7
104 23 usb 5.1
105 26 usb key 3.4
106 12 usb hub 7.1
107 19 key 6.8
108 16 usb hub 6.9
109 19 usb 8.8
110 28 usb key 5.6
111 21 usb hub 0.1
112 6 usb key 2.1
113 14 hub 2.5
114 18 key 0.2
115 24 usb 1.2
116 30 usb key 3.9
117 25 usb key 0.2
118 6 usb hub 9.1
119 12 usb key 9.9
120 17 usb 9.4
121 30 hub 5.6
122 2 usb hub 7.1
123 28 usb 4.1
124 3 key 2.6
125 30 key 1.9
126 23 usb hub 0.9
127 4 key 8.4
128 22 usb hub 2.4
129 10 usb hub 8.6
130 3 usb hub 0.1
131 12 hub 0.6
132 8 usb key 6.1
133 5 usb key 9.0
134 17 usb key 3.1
135 24 usb hub 7.4
136 22 hub 0.6
137 15 hub 0.9
138 17 hub 0.4
139 21 key 5.4
140 4 usb 8.5
141 20 key 3.0
142 21 usb key 5.5
143 30 hub 1.9
144 10 key 4.3
145 5 usb 0.6
146 18 usb 8.6
147 14 ubs 6.7
148 24 usb hub 1.0
149 24 usb hub 9.6
150 22 usb hub 3.2
152 12 usb key 2.2
153 7 usb hub 3.4
154 19 hub 3.0
155 25 ubs 7.2
156 22 usb hub 2.6
157 8 ubs key 3.4
158 20 hub 9.0
159 29 usb hub 4.1
160 9 usb 3.0
161 17 hub 0.8
162 18 usb key 9.8
163 5 ubs key 6.7
164 7 key 7.5
165 5 hub 2.8
166 23 usb hub 3.7
167 31 usb 2.6
168 30 key 8.2
169 7 hub 10.0
170 22 usb 10.0
171 10 usb 4.6
172 5 usb hub 3.6
174 22 usb 7.5
175 8 usb key 3.1
176 19 usb key 8.6
177 31 usb key 8.1
178 26 usb 3.2
179 19 usb key 9.6
180 31 usb key 9.1
181 20 hub 7.4
182 24 usb key 4.2
183 29 usb key 0.6
184 28 usb key 1.5
185 7 usb key 9.7
186 13 usb 6.6
187 21 usb key 8.6
188 14 usb key 3.7
189 2 usb key 0.7
190 14 usb key 9.3
191 9 hub 3.6
192 19 usb 4.2
193 31 usb 6.0
195 24 hub 9.2
196 29 usb 8.9
197 14 usb hub 7.8
198 22 usb 3.2
199 19 hub 3.6
200 13 usb key 6.2
201 11 key 9.4
202 13 hub 4.3
203 13 usb key 9.6
204 12 hub 4.7
205 2 usb 1.7
206 29 key 4.7
207 20 key 6.1
208 6 hub 5.9
209 2 usb hub 7.7
210 22 usb key 7.3
211 11 usb hub 4.6
212 12 key 1.9
213 13 usb hub 1.4
214 23 hub 1.5
215 24 usb key 4.7
216 4 usb key 5.2
217 28 usb hub 8.7
218 20 usb 4.7
219 20 usb key 5.5
221 16 usb key 0.5
222 4 hub 7.2
223 13 usb 1.5
224 4 usb key 0.7
225 19 usb key 3.0
226 8 hub 2.5
227 8 key 5.8
228 26 usb key 3.3
229 7 usb 4.6
230 8 usb key 0.4
231 13 usb hub 6.2
232 30 usb hub 9.1
233 14 usb 9.3
235 20 key 6.1
236 2 usb key 7.2
237 7 usb key 1.1
238 13 usb hub 8.6
239 10 usb 3.2
240 31 usb hub 7.2
241 21 ubs key 6.5
242 8 usb hub 9.7
243 13 hub 4.6
244 20 key 9.1
245 2 key 5.5
246 19 usb hub 8.7
247 23 key 0.5
248 15 usb key 2.7
249 20 usb key 4.9
250 31 usb key 8.0
251 2 usb 9.5
252 23 key 9.7
253 9 key 6.7
254 31 key 4.2
255 8 usb hub 2.7
256 14 usb 4.3
257 20 usb 7.8
258 19 key 4.6
259 17 usb key 1.5
260 13 usb hub 4.7
261 24 hub 3.7
262 13 usb 5.8
263 14 usb key 6.2
264 26 hub 3.1
265 3 hub 9.2
266 14 usb 1.3
267 24 hub 8.9
268 4 usb key 5.1
269 18 usb 5.5
270 25 key 5.6
271 13 usb 3.6
272 17 usb hub 6.7
273 11 hub 3.7
274 22 usb key 4.8
275 23 usb key 8.2
276 28 key 3.6
277 4 usb hub 5.2
278 14 usb 7.4
279 14 key 6.9
280 18 hub 0.6
281 28 usb hub 4.6
282 28 usb key 8.5
283 12 usb 1.7
284 22 usb hub 3.0
285 26 usb 2.9
286 21 usb hub 8.7
287 31 hub 0.1
288 14 usb 5.0
289 7 ubs 4.0
290 28 usb hub 9.2
291 14 usb hub 0.1
292 19 key 3.0
293 26 key 1.6
294 19 hub 8.1
295 21 usb hub 2.8
296 11 usb key 9.9
297 31 hub 1.7
298 8 usb key 3.1
299 13 usb key 2.4
300 26 usb key 1.3
302 26 usb hub 3.0
303 25 usb hub 1.0
304 29 hub 1.3
305 22 usb key 3.9
306 25 usb hub 6.0
307 22 usb key 8.5
308 31 usb key 8.5
310 29 hub 4.8
311 29 hub 1.0
312 20 usb hub 9.5
313 2 key 0.2
314 23 usb key 3.3
315 6 hub 1.4
316 28 hub 1.5
317 19 usb hub 3.1
318 12 usb key 0.7
319 31 ubs 2.1
320 18 usb hub 0.1
321 23 key 8.3
322 4 usb key 0.1
323 25 key 1.8
324 24 usb key 9.5
325 6 usb hub 6.2
326 14 hub 2.1
327 15 usb key 0.7
328 5 usb 7.0
329 13 key 1.3
330 6 usb key 8.3
331 8 key 9.8
332 17 hub 0.3
333 13 usb hub 4.8
334 11 usb key 5.4
335 21 key 5.9
336 22 usb hub 0.4
337 28 key 0.5
338 25 usb key 1.8
339 30 ubs key 9.1
340 20 usb key 1.3
341 23 key 7.7
342 5 usb key 5.2
343 8 usb key 1.2
344 18 usb key 7.0
346 12 usb hub 7.6
347 11 key 8.4
348 18 usb hub 2.1
349 2 ubs 2.9
350 28 usb key 8.0
351 25 ubs key 8.0
352 24 usb key 3.4
353 24 usb 7.4
354 24 usb key 5.2
355 11 hub 2.2
356 31 usb key 5.2
357 29 usb 1.6
358 26 usb key 2.8
359 16 hub 2.2
360 25 usb hub 8.4
361 28 usb hub 1.7
362 11 usb 6.0
363 4 usb hub 2.2
364 24 usb hub 7.6
366 3 key 7.0
367 25 usb key 6.9
368 30 usb hub 3.8
369 15 hub 1.7
370 24 usb key 5.5
371 12 usb 2.7
372 6 usb 6.6
373 4 usb key 3.2
374 28 usb hub 0.5
375 12 hub 1.9
376 26 usb hub 1.7
377 8 hub 9.2
378 5 usb key 0.7
379 10 key 7.3
380 7 usb hub 4.0
381 31 usb 2.2
382 8 usb key 4.0
383 6 usb key 2.3
384 15 usb hub 4.9
385 13 usb hub 6.2
386 13 usb hub 5.2
387 13 usb hub 5.6
388 13 usb hub 5.7
389 24 usb hub 7.8
390 29 usb hub 1.9
391 19 usb hub 4.5
393 16 usb 5.7
394 8 hub 7.8
395 2 hub 5.7
396 29 usb 3.1
397 30 usb key 6.2
398 21 usb key 2.1
399 28 hub 5.6
400 15 usb key 8.1
401 17 usb key 6.6
402 15 hub 4.5
403 17 hub 5.6
404 14 usb hub 3.1
405 26 hub 8.0
406 9 usb key 5.2
407 21 usb key 8.1
408 19 usb 6.5
409 15 hub 5.2
410 25 key 6.5
411 11 usb key 7.6
412 12 hub 3.4
413 16 usb hub 9.4
414 3 key 4.5
415 18 key 0.8
416 23 usb key 4.8
417 5 key 9.5
418 7 usb key 4.2
419 20 hub 8.4
420 22 hub 8.9
422 5 usb key 6.9
423 11 usb 3.2
424 9 ubs key 3.5
425 25 usb hub 6.7
427 15 usb key 1.3
428 17 usb 1.1
430 23 usb key 4.7
431 4 usb hub 9.9
432 9 usb key 8.6
433 8 hub 9.8
434 3 usb key 1.1
435 11 hub 2.9
436 14 usb key 3.3
437 9 usb hub 0.5
438 18 key 9.5
439 7 hub 2.6
440 22 key 0.8
441 17 hub 0.2
442 23 key 4.7
443 6 usb key 5.0
444 10 usb hub 2.1
445 30 key 6.5
446 2 usb hub 2.1
447 17 key 1.0
448 11 usb key 9.9
449 15 usb 9.9
450 7 usb key 0.1
451 2 key 6.5
452 20 usb key 2.6
453 13 usb key 3.4
454 11 usb key 0.7
455 10 usb hub 7.8
456 10 ubs 0.7
457 23 usb key 5.9
458 9 usb key 9.7
459 21 usb hub 7.7
460 8 usb key 4.7
461 23 usb key 6.3
462 11 hub 2.3
463 2 usb hub 4.2
464 15 hub 3.4
465 10 hub 8.3
466 13 usb 1.4
467 13 usb 4.0
468 22 usb hub 8.5
469 28 usb 5.8
470 18 usb hub 7.7
471 14 key 4.7
472 20 key 3.5
473 20 key 0.9
474 19 usb 8.2
475 29 usb 3.7
476 5 usb key 1.2
477 25 ubs 7.3
478 11 usb hub 4.0
479 2 hub 7.3
480 13 usb hub 1.8
481 13 usb hub 3.1
482 25 usb key 1.7
483 17 usb hub 7.7
484 20 usb 6.3
485 17 usb key 1.5
486 9 key 4.8
487 11 ubs key 3.5
488 5 usb hub 6.9
489 26 usb hub 0.4
490 22 usb 2.2
491 3 usb hub 2.3
492 5 usb key 7.3
493 6 usb hub 5.7
494 9 usb key 8.1
495 14 usb 5.3
496 5 usb key 0.2
497 31 key 5.3
498 7 hub 2.6
499 17 usb 5.8
500 7 key 6.5
501 28 usb key 0.8
502 13 key 0.3
503 31 usb hub 2.2
504 22 usb key 6.4
505 21 usb hub 9.8
506 13 hub 3.6
507 11 key 2.9
508 20 usb hub 6.2
509 13 usb key 10.0
510 25 hub 6.0
511 23 usb hub 4.6
512 29 usb key 3.0
513 2 usb key 4.5
514 26 key 5.2
515 13 key 0.5
516 8 hub 7.3
517 29 key 3.6
518 26 usb key 6.9
519 10 usb key 7.6
520 18 usb hub 7.5
521 9 usb key 5.3
522 15 usb hub 9.7
523 22 usb key 8.7
524 29 usb key 2.3
525 24 usb key 0.1
526 20 usb key 6.4
527 9 usb 1.3
528 14 usb key 0.6
529 4 usb key 3.7
530 2 usb key 1.2
531 6 hub 7.5
532 31 key 3.0
533 26 usb key 0.8
534 30 usb 4.0
535 2 usb key 3.3
536 29 usb key 2.1
537 30 usb key 7.8
538 25 usb 4.7
539 7 key 3.9
540 19 usb key 3.7
541 2 usb 6.6
542 9 key 8.7
543 19 usb key 9.7
544 25 hub 4.6
545 6 hub 2.5
546 21 usb hub 0.9
547 22 usb 8.6
548 19 hub 4.2
549 7 hub 8.0
550 5 usb hub 6.5
551 22 usb hub 8.3
552 15 usb key 9.3
553 12 hub 1.0
554 22 usb hub 2.6
555 21 usb key 6.0Insert a code cell that shows a tabyl of the counts of each keyword. In the narrative below the code cell, list the misspellings and counts if there are any.
library(janitor)
keyword_counts <- tabyl(data$keyword)
keyword_counts data$keyword n percent
hub 90 0.16216216
key 85 0.15315315
ubs 11 0.01981982
ubs key 10 0.01801802
usb 75 0.13513514
usb hub 121 0.21801802
usb key 163 0.29369369There is one misspelling of usb being spelled as “Ubs”.
Insert a code cell that corrects all the misspellings for keyword, then rerun tabyl to verify.
data$keyword <- tolower(data$keyword)
data$keyword[data$keyword == "usb hbu"] <- "usb hub"
data$keyword[data$keyword == "usbhub"] <- "usb hub"
data$keyword[data$keyword == "usbkey"] <- "usb key"
keyword_counts_corrected <- tabyl(data$keyword)
keyword_counts_corrected data$keyword n percent
hub 90 0.16216216
key 85 0.15315315
ubs 11 0.01981982
ubs key 10 0.01801802
usb 75 0.13513514
usb hub 121 0.21801802
usb key 163 0.29369369To submit your assignment:
| Item (percent overall) |
100% - flawless | 67% - minor issues | 33% - moderate issues | 0% - major issues or not attempted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Narrative: typos and grammatical errors (7%) |
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| Document formatting: correctly implemented instructions (7%) |
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Exercises (13% each) |
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Submitted properly to Brightspace (8%) |
NA | NA | You must submit according to instructions to receive any credit for this portion. |