Jouranl Article About Sri Lankan Biodiversity

Sri Lanakan Leopard Panthera pardus kotiya

Physical Description

Leopards are stocky when compared to the congeners. The tail is longer than half the body length measured from head to tail. They have a shoulder height of about 45 to 80 cm. The muscles attached to the scapula are exceptionally strong, which enhance their ability to climb trees. The Sri Lankan subspecies is one of the largest subspecies of leopard found in the world; this is attributed to lack of other large cats, such as the lion, tiger, viz, putting the leopard at the top of the food chain, no competitive restriction from large prey. The coloring of the leopard varies from straw to bright golden brown, spotted with black spots and rosettes. And on occasions the melanistic form (Black) has been recorded from the wet zone and montane regions of the island.

Scientific Classification

Scientific Name - Panthera pardus
Kingdom - Animal
Class - Mammalia
Order - Carnivora
Family - Felidae
Genus - Panthera
Species - Pardus
Sub Species - Kotiya

Picture taken by Yasiru Dilshan Gunawardane

Figure 1 shows the photograph taken by the Photographer

Figure 1: Credits - Yasiru Dilshan Gunawardane

Habitat and Distribution

The leopard has an islandwide distribution occurring in protected areas, such as national parks, and isolated forest patches in the hill country and areas with suitable habitat.
Leopards can be found in the continents and Africa and Asia, where they are widely distributed but declining throughout most of their range. The sub-species Panthera pardus kotiya is only found in Sri Lanka.

“Wilderness recovery, I firmly believe, is the most important task of our generation.”
Reed Noss

Use Leopard Database in Sri Lankan Leopard Website.

Equation

\[ \text{Diversity} =\hat{b}_0 +\hat{b}_1\text{Distribution} +e_i \]

Quick Facts !

Conservation Status : Endangered

Leopard Percentage per National Park

#|llabel: visualizing data
#|eecho: false
#|warning: false

library(tidyverse)

── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
✔ dplyr     1.1.4     ✔ readr     2.1.5
✔ forcats   1.0.0     ✔ stringr   1.5.1
✔ ggplot2   3.5.1     ✔ tibble    3.2.1
✔ lubridate 1.9.3     ✔ tidyr     1.3.1
✔ purrr     1.0.2     
── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
✖ dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors

 SL_Leopards <- read.csv("~/Penguin/SL_Leopards.csv")
SL_Leopards

  National.park.name Number.of.Species Percentage
1               Yala                65        50%
2           Wilpathu               300        90%
3             Kumana               100        70%

Avifaunal Diversity in Kirala Kele, Matara, Sri Lanka

#|llabel: Avifaunal Data
#|eecho: false
#|wattr-warning: false

Kirala_Kele_Data <- read.csv("~/Penguin/Kirala_Kele_Data.csv")
Kirala_Kele_Data%>%
  glimpse()

Rows: 2,956
Columns: 29
$ ID              <int> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,…
$ Taxonomy        <chr> "Aves", "Aves", "Aves", "Aves", "Aves", "Aves", "Aves"…
$ Species.Name    <chr> "Stork-billed Kingfisher", "Brown-headed barbet", "Ind…
$ Scientific.Name <chr> "Pelargopsis capensis", "Psilopogon zeylanicus", "Arde…
$ Count           <int> 3, 1, 1, 4, 2, 1, 1, 3, 4, 1, 4, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, …
$ Family          <chr> "Alcedinidae", "Megalaimidae", "", "Apodidae", "", "Cu…
$ Year            <int> 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, 2022, …
$ Date            <chr> "30.04.2022", "30.04.2022", "30.04.2022", "30.04.2022"…
$ Session         <chr> "M", "M", "M", "M", "M", "M", "M", "M", "M", "M", "M",…
$ Site            <chr> "A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "A", "A",…
$ Status          <chr> "LC", "LC", "LC", "LC", "LC", "LC", "LC", "LC", "LC", …
$ Habitat         <chr> "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ""…
$ X               <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA…
$ X.1             <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA…
$ X.2             <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA…
$ X.3             <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA…
$ X.4             <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA…
$ X.5             <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA…
$ X.6             <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA…
$ X.7             <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA…
$ X.8             <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA…
$ X.9             <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA…
$ X.10            <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA…
$ X.11            <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA…
$ X.12            <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA…
$ X.13            <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA…
$ X.14            <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA…
$ X.15            <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA…
$ X.16            <lgl> NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA…

Sri Lanakan Leopard Panthera pardus kotiya

Physical Description

Scientific Classification

Picture taken by Yasiru Dilshan Gunawardane

Habitat and Distribution

Equation

Avifaunal Diversity in Kirala Kele, Matara, Sri Lanka

Short Video Kirala Kele , Sri Lanka