Introduction:

The purpose of this project is to show the percentage of foreign-born residents in the State of Florida. The data used to create this map comes from the 2020 U.S. Census. This markdown will explain each of the steps that I used to manipulate the data and complete the project.

I anticipate to find that the highest concentration of foreign-born residents will be centered around the greater Miami area, with increasingly lower percentages the further north the counties are.

Retrive Florida Census Data:

The following command collected the Census data for all Florida counties, specifically pulling the number of residents that are foreign-born and the total population of each.

hw <- get_acs(geography = "county", variables = c(foreign_born = "B05012_003", total_pop = "B01003_001"), 
              state = "FL",
              geometry = T,
              year = 2022)

Reshape Florida Census Data:

From this initial data, I used pivot_wider to place foreign_born and total_pop into their own columns. I then mutated the data, dividing foreign_born by total population and multiplying by 100 to get the foreign-born percentage.

hw_wider <- hw |>
  select(-moe) |>
  pivot_wider(names_from = variable, values_from = estimate) |>
  mutate(foreign_born_percent = foreign_born/total_pop*100)

Percentage of Foreign Born Residents by County:

Finally, I utilized ggplot to graphically represent the data. This final product represents the percentage of foreign-born residents in each county in the State of Florida. The darker the color of a county, the higher the percentage of foreign-born residents.

hw_wider |>
   ggplot(aes(fill = foreign_born_percent)) + 
   geom_sf(color = "white", size = .02) +
  scale_fill_viridis_c(option = "magma", direction = -1) +
  labs(fill = "Foreign Born Percentage") +
  ggtitle("Percentage of Foreign Born Residents by County")

Conclusion:

The final product matches my anticipated results. Miami-Dade County has one of the highest concentrations of foreign born residents in the United States. The data I used showed that about 54% of residents in the county are foreign born.

Moving north, the percentage of foreign born residents decreases, however, there is a slight increase in percent around the greater Orlando area, with Osceola county at about 24% and Orange County at 23%.