Opisna statistika
A Blejec
- oktober 2015
Branje podatkov
Podatke v R preberemo s funkcijo read.table.
fpath <- "http://bit.ly/16oBVpR"
data <- read.table(fpath, header=TRUE, sep = "\t")
names(data)## [1] "starost" "mesec" "spol" "masa" "visina" "roke" "cevelj"
## [8] "lasje" "oci" "mati" "oce" "majica"Podatki so v datoteki http://bit.ly/16oBVpR.
Izpis prvih nekaj vrstic.
data[1:5,]## starost mesec spol masa visina roke cevelj lasje oci mati oce majica
## 1 59 7 M 91 178 189 44 T S 155 180 L
## 2 21 1 F 60 173 176 43 T T 162 184 S
## 3 21 7 F 55 178 178 39 T T 170 180 S
## 4 21 8 F 70 167 165 39 S T 160 190 S
## 5 21 4 F 65 171 168 40 T S 169 176 Mdata[1:5,c(3,5,7)]## spol visina cevelj
## 1 M 178 44
## 2 F 173 43
## 3 F 178 39
## 4 F 167 39
## 5 F 171 40data[1:3,3:7]## spol masa visina roke cevelj
## 1 M 91 178 189 44
## 2 F 60 173 176 43
## 3 F 55 178 178 39data[1:5,c("spol","visina")]## spol visina
## 1 M 178
## 2 F 173
## 3 F 178
## 4 F 167
## 5 F 171data$masa>70## [1] TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [12] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE
## [23] TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE
## [34] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUEdata[data$masa > 70,1:6]## starost mesec spol masa visina roke
## 1 59 7 M 91 178 189
## 6 21 3 M 88 171 173
## 16 21 10 M 75 185 193
## 21 21 4 M 72 183 185
## 23 20 11 M 87 189 190
## 31 22 7 M 90 180 NA
## 32 21 8 M 75 180 NA
## 38 22 10 M 73 173 180
## 43 22 0 M 73 181 187Izpišimo spremenljivki spol in visina za osebe moškega spola (M)
data[data$spol=="M",c("spol","visina")]## spol visina
## 1 M 178
## 6 M 171
## 16 M 185
## 21 M 183
## 23 M 189
## 31 M 180
## 32 M 180
## 36 M 180
## 38 M 173
## 43 M 181Koliko pa je fantov in koliko punčk?
table(data$spol)##
## F M
## 33 10Povzetek podatkov
summary(data)## starost mesec spol masa visina
## Min. :20.00 Min. : 0.000 F:33 Min. :50.00 Min. :156.0
## 1st Qu.:21.00 1st Qu.: 5.000 M:10 1st Qu.:55.50 1st Qu.:164.0
## Median :21.00 Median : 7.000 Median :61.00 Median :170.0
## Mean :22.07 Mean : 6.814 Mean :63.42 Mean :169.9
## 3rd Qu.:22.00 3rd Qu.: 9.500 3rd Qu.:70.00 3rd Qu.:173.5
## Max. :59.00 Max. :11.000 Max. :91.00 Max. :189.0
##
## roke cevelj lasje oci mati
## Min. :154.0 Min. :36.00 S:19 S:24 Min. :155.0
## 1st Qu.:163.2 1st Qu.:38.00 T:24 T:19 1st Qu.:160.0
## Median :167.8 Median :39.00 Median :165.0
## Mean :169.3 Mean :40.02 Mean :165.4
## 3rd Qu.:172.5 3rd Qu.:41.50 3rd Qu.:168.0
## Max. :193.0 Max. :48.00 Max. :180.0
## NA's :5 NA's :5
## oce majica
## Min. :170.0 L : 5
## 1st Qu.:174.2 M :19
## Median :179.5 S :16
## Mean :179.1 XL: 1
## 3rd Qu.:182.0 XS: 2
## Max. :190.0
## NA's :5Povzetek za vsak spol posebej
summary(data[data$spol=="M" , ])## starost mesec spol masa visina
## Min. :20.0 Min. : 0.00 F: 0 Min. :70.00 Min. :171.0
## 1st Qu.:21.0 1st Qu.: 4.75 M:10 1st Qu.:73.00 1st Qu.:178.5
## Median :21.0 Median : 7.50 Median :75.00 Median :180.0
## Mean :24.9 Mean : 7.10 Mean :79.40 Mean :180.0
## 3rd Qu.:22.0 3rd Qu.:10.00 3rd Qu.:87.75 3rd Qu.:182.5
## Max. :59.0 Max. :11.00 Max. :91.00 Max. :189.0
##
## roke cevelj lasje oci mati oce
## Min. :173.0 Min. :40.0 S:2 S:6 Min. :155.0 Min. :174
## 1st Qu.:180.8 1st Qu.:42.0 T:8 T:4 1st Qu.:165.8 1st Qu.:175
## Median :186.0 Median :43.0 Median :167.5 Median :181
## Mean :184.8 Mean :42.9 Mean :167.6 Mean :181
## 3rd Qu.:189.2 3rd Qu.:44.0 3rd Qu.:169.0 3rd Qu.:187
## Max. :193.0 Max. :45.0 Max. :180.0 Max. :188
## NA's :2 NA's :2 NA's :2
## majica
## L :3
## M :6
## S :0
## XL:1
## XS:0
##
## summary(data[data$spol=="F",])## starost mesec spol masa visina
## Min. :20.00 Min. : 1.000 F:33 Min. :50.00 Min. :156.0
## 1st Qu.:21.00 1st Qu.: 5.000 M: 0 1st Qu.:55.00 1st Qu.:163.0
## Median :21.00 Median : 7.000 Median :58.00 Median :168.0
## Mean :21.21 Mean : 6.727 Mean :58.58 Mean :166.8
## 3rd Qu.:22.00 3rd Qu.: 9.000 3rd Qu.:62.00 3rd Qu.:170.0
## Max. :23.00 Max. :11.000 Max. :70.00 Max. :178.0
##
## roke cevelj lasje oci mati
## Min. :154.0 Min. :36.00 S:17 S:18 Min. :157.0
## 1st Qu.:160.5 1st Qu.:38.00 T:16 T:15 1st Qu.:160.0
## Median :165.0 Median :39.00 Median :164.5
## Mean :165.2 Mean :39.15 Mean :164.8
## 3rd Qu.:169.0 3rd Qu.:40.00 3rd Qu.:168.0
## Max. :178.0 Max. :48.00 Max. :178.0
## NA's :3 NA's :3
## oce majica
## Min. :170.0 L : 2
## 1st Qu.:173.2 M :13
## Median :178.5 S :16
## Mean :178.6 XL: 0
## 3rd Qu.:181.5 XS: 2
## Max. :190.0
## NA's :3Funkcija subset
subset(data, spol=="M",spol:cevelj)## spol masa visina roke cevelj
## 1 M 91 178 189 44
## 6 M 88 171 173 41
## 16 M 75 185 193 45
## 21 M 72 183 185 44
## 23 M 87 189 190 45
## 31 M 90 180 NA 42
## 32 M 75 180 NA 43
## 36 M 70 180 181 40
## 38 M 73 173 180 42
## 43 M 73 181 187 43Povzetki
summary(subset(data,spol=="M",spol:cevelj))## spol masa visina roke cevelj
## F: 0 Min. :70.00 Min. :171.0 Min. :173.0 Min. :40.0
## M:10 1st Qu.:73.00 1st Qu.:178.5 1st Qu.:180.8 1st Qu.:42.0
## Median :75.00 Median :180.0 Median :186.0 Median :43.0
## Mean :79.40 Mean :180.0 Mean :184.8 Mean :42.9
## 3rd Qu.:87.75 3rd Qu.:182.5 3rd Qu.:189.2 3rd Qu.:44.0
## Max. :91.00 Max. :189.0 Max. :193.0 Max. :45.0
## NA's :2summary(subset(data,spol=="F",spol:cevelj))## spol masa visina roke cevelj
## F:33 Min. :50.00 Min. :156.0 Min. :154.0 Min. :36.00
## M: 0 1st Qu.:55.00 1st Qu.:163.0 1st Qu.:160.5 1st Qu.:38.00
## Median :58.00 Median :168.0 Median :165.0 Median :39.00
## Mean :58.58 Mean :166.8 Mean :165.2 Mean :39.15
## 3rd Qu.:62.00 3rd Qu.:170.0 3rd Qu.:169.0 3rd Qu.:40.00
## Max. :70.00 Max. :178.0 Max. :178.0 Max. :48.00
## NA's :3Še en način:
by(data,data$spol,summary)## data$spol: F
## starost mesec spol masa visina
## Min. :20.00 Min. : 1.000 F:33 Min. :50.00 Min. :156.0
## 1st Qu.:21.00 1st Qu.: 5.000 M: 0 1st Qu.:55.00 1st Qu.:163.0
## Median :21.00 Median : 7.000 Median :58.00 Median :168.0
## Mean :21.21 Mean : 6.727 Mean :58.58 Mean :166.8
## 3rd Qu.:22.00 3rd Qu.: 9.000 3rd Qu.:62.00 3rd Qu.:170.0
## Max. :23.00 Max. :11.000 Max. :70.00 Max. :178.0
##
## roke cevelj lasje oci mati
## Min. :154.0 Min. :36.00 S:17 S:18 Min. :157.0
## 1st Qu.:160.5 1st Qu.:38.00 T:16 T:15 1st Qu.:160.0
## Median :165.0 Median :39.00 Median :164.5
## Mean :165.2 Mean :39.15 Mean :164.8
## 3rd Qu.:169.0 3rd Qu.:40.00 3rd Qu.:168.0
## Max. :178.0 Max. :48.00 Max. :178.0
## NA's :3 NA's :3
## oce majica
## Min. :170.0 L : 2
## 1st Qu.:173.2 M :13
## Median :178.5 S :16
## Mean :178.6 XL: 0
## 3rd Qu.:181.5 XS: 2
## Max. :190.0
## NA's :3
## --------------------------------------------------------
## data$spol: M
## starost mesec spol masa visina
## Min. :20.0 Min. : 0.00 F: 0 Min. :70.00 Min. :171.0
## 1st Qu.:21.0 1st Qu.: 4.75 M:10 1st Qu.:73.00 1st Qu.:178.5
## Median :21.0 Median : 7.50 Median :75.00 Median :180.0
## Mean :24.9 Mean : 7.10 Mean :79.40 Mean :180.0
## 3rd Qu.:22.0 3rd Qu.:10.00 3rd Qu.:87.75 3rd Qu.:182.5
## Max. :59.0 Max. :11.00 Max. :91.00 Max. :189.0
##
## roke cevelj lasje oci mati oce
## Min. :173.0 Min. :40.0 S:2 S:6 Min. :155.0 Min. :174
## 1st Qu.:180.8 1st Qu.:42.0 T:8 T:4 1st Qu.:165.8 1st Qu.:175
## Median :186.0 Median :43.0 Median :167.5 Median :181
## Mean :184.8 Mean :42.9 Mean :167.6 Mean :181
## 3rd Qu.:189.2 3rd Qu.:44.0 3rd Qu.:169.0 3rd Qu.:187
## Max. :193.0 Max. :45.0 Max. :180.0 Max. :188
## NA's :2 NA's :2 NA's :2
## majica
## L :3
## M :6
## S :0
## XL:1
## XS:0
##
## Po dveh faktorjih
by(data,list(data$spol,data$lasje),summary)## : F
## : S
## starost mesec spol masa visina
## Min. :20.00 Min. : 2.000 F:17 Min. :50.00 Min. :156.0
## 1st Qu.:21.00 1st Qu.: 5.000 M: 0 1st Qu.:56.00 1st Qu.:163.0
## Median :21.00 Median : 8.000 Median :59.00 Median :167.0
## Mean :21.06 Mean : 7.118 Mean :59.35 Mean :166.8
## 3rd Qu.:21.00 3rd Qu.:10.000 3rd Qu.:63.00 3rd Qu.:170.0
## Max. :23.00 Max. :11.000 Max. :70.00 Max. :174.0
##
## roke cevelj lasje oci mati
## Min. :154.0 Min. :36.00 S:17 S:14 Min. :157.0
## 1st Qu.:160.0 1st Qu.:38.00 T: 0 T: 3 1st Qu.:160.0
## Median :165.0 Median :39.00 Median :164.0
## Mean :164.7 Mean :39.47 Mean :165.5
## 3rd Qu.:169.2 3rd Qu.:40.00 3rd Qu.:168.0
## Max. :171.0 Max. :48.00 Max. :178.0
## NA's :1 NA's :2
## oce majica
## Min. :172.0 L :2
## 1st Qu.:173.5 M :8
## Median :180.0 S :6
## Mean :179.1 XL:0
## 3rd Qu.:182.0 XS:1
## Max. :190.0
## NA's :2
## --------------------------------------------------------
## : M
## : S
## starost mesec spol masa visina
## Min. :20.00 Min. :10.00 F:0 Min. :70.00 Min. :180.0
## 1st Qu.:20.25 1st Qu.:10.25 M:2 1st Qu.:71.25 1st Qu.:181.2
## Median :20.50 Median :10.50 Median :72.50 Median :182.5
## Mean :20.50 Mean :10.50 Mean :72.50 Mean :182.5
## 3rd Qu.:20.75 3rd Qu.:10.75 3rd Qu.:73.75 3rd Qu.:183.8
## Max. :21.00 Max. :11.00 Max. :75.00 Max. :185.0
##
## roke cevelj lasje oci mati oce
## Min. :181 Min. :40.00 S:2 S:2 Min. :166 Min. :188
## 1st Qu.:184 1st Qu.:41.25 T:0 T:0 1st Qu.:166 1st Qu.:188
## Median :187 Median :42.50 Median :166 Median :188
## Mean :187 Mean :42.50 Mean :166 Mean :188
## 3rd Qu.:190 3rd Qu.:43.75 3rd Qu.:166 3rd Qu.:188
## Max. :193 Max. :45.00 Max. :166 Max. :188
## NA's :1 NA's :1
## majica
## L :0
## M :2
## S :0
## XL:0
## XS:0
##
##
## --------------------------------------------------------
## : F
## : T
## starost mesec spol masa visina
## Min. :20.00 Min. : 1.000 F:16 Min. :51.00 Min. :157.0
## 1st Qu.:21.00 1st Qu.: 5.750 M: 0 1st Qu.:55.00 1st Qu.:161.8
## Median :21.00 Median : 7.000 Median :56.00 Median :168.0
## Mean :21.38 Mean : 6.312 Mean :57.75 Mean :166.9
## 3rd Qu.:22.00 3rd Qu.: 7.000 3rd Qu.:60.50 3rd Qu.:170.2
## Max. :23.00 Max. :11.000 Max. :70.00 Max. :178.0
##
## roke cevelj lasje oci mati
## Min. :156.0 Min. :37.00 S: 0 S: 4 Min. :157.0
## 1st Qu.:162.5 1st Qu.:37.75 T:16 T:12 1st Qu.:160.0
## Median :164.5 Median :39.00 Median :165.0
## Mean :165.8 Mean :38.81 Mean :164.1
## 3rd Qu.:168.8 3rd Qu.:39.25 3rd Qu.:167.0
## Max. :178.0 Max. :43.00 Max. :174.0
## NA's :2 NA's :1
## oce majica
## Min. :170 L : 0
## 1st Qu.:174 M : 5
## Median :178 S :10
## Mean :178 XL: 0
## 3rd Qu.:180 XS: 1
## Max. :188
## NA's :1
## --------------------------------------------------------
## : M
## : T
## starost mesec spol masa visina
## Min. :20.0 Min. : 0.00 F:0 Min. :72.00 Min. :171.0
## 1st Qu.:21.0 1st Qu.: 3.75 M:8 1st Qu.:73.00 1st Qu.:176.8
## Median :21.5 Median : 7.00 Median :81.00 Median :180.0
## Mean :26.0 Mean : 6.25 Mean :81.12 Mean :179.4
## 3rd Qu.:22.0 3rd Qu.: 8.50 3rd Qu.:88.50 3rd Qu.:181.5
## Max. :59.0 Max. :11.00 Max. :91.00 Max. :189.0
##
## roke cevelj lasje oci mati oce
## Min. :173.0 Min. :41 S:0 S:4 Min. :155.0 Min. :174.0
## 1st Qu.:181.2 1st Qu.:42 T:8 T:4 1st Qu.:166.0 1st Qu.:175.0
## Median :186.0 Median :43 Median :168.0 Median :180.0
## Mean :184.0 Mean :43 Mean :167.9 Mean :180.0
## 3rd Qu.:188.5 3rd Qu.:44 3rd Qu.:170.0 3rd Qu.:184.5
## Max. :190.0 Max. :45 Max. :180.0 Max. :187.0
## NA's :2 NA's :1 NA's :1
## majica
## L :3
## M :4
## S :0
## XL:1
## XS:0
##
## by(data$visina,data$spol,sd)## data$spol: F
## [1] 5.416725
## --------------------------------------------------------
## data$spol: M
## [1] 5.270463Dva histograma
par(mfrow=c(1,2))
by(data$visina,data$spol,hist,col=8)
## data$spol: F
## $breaks
## [1] 155 160 165 170 175 180
##
## $counts
## [1] 5 7 14 6 1
##
## $density
## [1] 0.030303030 0.042424242 0.084848485 0.036363636 0.006060606
##
## $mids
## [1] 157.5 162.5 167.5 172.5 177.5
##
## $xname
## [1] "dd[x, ]"
##
## $equidist
## [1] TRUE
##
## attr(,"class")
## [1] "histogram"
## --------------------------------------------------------
## data$spol: M
## $breaks
## [1] 170 175 180 185 190
##
## $counts
## [1] 2 4 3 1
##
## $density
## [1] 0.04 0.08 0.06 0.02
##
## $mids
## [1] 172.5 177.5 182.5 187.5
##
## $xname
## [1] "dd[x, ]"
##
## $equidist
## [1] TRUE
##
## attr(,"class")
## [1] "histogram"