多元数据直观表示

各省消费项目均值条形图

省份过多，不能看到全部各省的名称

barplot(apply(data,1,mean))

把横轴坐标左边旋转90度，显示各省的名称

barplot(apply(data,1,mean),las=3)

各消费项目均值条形图

做均值图条形图

barplot(apply(data,2,mean))

添加不同颜色

 barplot(apply(data,1,mean),col=1:8)

去掉食品列后的数据按列做均值条形图

barplot(apply(data[,2:7],2,mean))

按消费项目做中位数条形图

barplot(apply(data,2,median))

利用ggplot作均值条形图

data %>% summarise(across(everything(), mean, na.rm = TRUE)) %>% 
  pivot_longer(cols = everything(), names_to = "Consumption_Type", values_to = "Average") %>% 
  mutate(
    Consumption_Type=factor(Consumption_Type,level=c('食品','衣着','设备','医疗','交通','教育','居住','杂项')),
  ) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = Consumption_Type, y = Average, fill = Consumption_Type)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", position = position_dodge(), colour = "black") +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(title = "各消费项目均值条形图", x = "类别", y = "均值",fill = "消费种类")

Warning: There was 1 warning in `summarise()`.
ℹ In argument: `across(everything(), mean, na.rm = TRUE)`.
Caused by warning:
! The `...` argument of `across()` is deprecated as of dplyr 1.1.0.
Supply arguments directly to `.fns` through an anonymous function instead.

  # Previously
  across(a:b, mean, na.rm = TRUE)

  # Now
  across(a:b, \(x) mean(x, na.rm = TRUE))

使各条形的颜色相同

data %>% summarise(across(everything(), mean, na.rm = TRUE)) %>% 
  pivot_longer(cols = everything(), names_to = "Consumption_Type", values_to = "Average") %>% 
  mutate(
    Consumption_Type=factor(Consumption_Type,level=c('食品','衣着','设备','医疗','交通','教育','居住','杂项')),
  ) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = Consumption_Type, y = Average)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", position = position_dodge(), colour = "black", fill = "steelblue") +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(title = "各消费项目均值条形图", x = "类别", y = "均值")

各消费项目箱线图

boxplot函数直接作箱线图，默认每个变量（列）作一个箱线，并将全部变量的箱线在同一个图中展示。

boxplot(data)#按列做箱线图

boxplot(data,horizontal=T,las=1)#箱线图中图形按水平放置

利用ggplot函数作箱线图，需要对数据转化为长结果数据

data %>% pivot_longer(cols = 1:8, names_to = "Consumption_Type", values_to = "Value") %>% 
  mutate(
    Consumption_Type=factor(Consumption_Type,level=c('食品','衣着','设备','医疗','交通','教育','居住','杂项')),
  ) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = Consumption_Type, y = Value)) +
  geom_boxplot() +
  labs(title = "各消费项目箱线图", x = "", y = "消费水平") +
  theme_minimal() #  + coord_flip() 

各消费项目星相图

stars(data)

各消费项目脸谱图

aplpack::faces(data)

effect of variables:
 modified item       Var   
 "height of face   " "食品"
 "width of face    " "衣着"
 "structure of face" "设备"
 "height of mouth  " "医疗"
 "width of mouth   " "交通"
 "smiling          " "教育"
 "height of eyes   " "居住"
 "width of eyes    " "杂项"
 "height of hair   " "食品"
 "width of hair   "  "衣着"
 "style of hair   "  "设备"
 "height of nose  "  "医疗"
 "width of nose   "  "交通"
 "width of ear    "  "教育"
 "height of ear   "  "居住"

各消费项目雷达图

ggplot2的扩展包ggiraphExtra能作雷达图

data[c(1,9,19,28,29,30),] %>% 
  mutate(省份=rownames(.)) %>% 
  ggRadar(aes(group = 省份)) 

各消费项目调和曲线图

msa.andrews(data)