Nodal Involvement in Prostate Cancer

Peter Olejua
Oct-25-2015

Intro

Nodal Involvement in Prostate Cancer

  • Context: Patients diagnosed with prostate cancer must go under surgery to determine whether the cancer has spread to the surrounding lymph nodes. Nodal involvement => treatment strategy.

  • Goal: Get an accurate assessment of nodal involvement without surgery.

  • Data Analyst's Solution: Develop a prediction algorithm based on a bunch of available variables and operated patients.

  • Nodal_Involvement Shiny App: Help the analyst to exclude variables that show no significant relationship with the response variable.

Available variables

The data has 53 rows and 6 variables which are:

  • r: An indicator of nodal involvement.

  • aged: The patients age dichotomized into less than 60 (0) and 60 or over 1.

  • stage: A measurement of the size and position of the tumour observed by palpitation with the fingers via the rectum. A value of 1 indicates a more serious case of the cancer.

  • grade: Another indicator of the seriousness of the cancer, this one is determined by a pathology reading of a biopsy taken by needle before surgery. A value of 1 indicates a more serious case of the cancer.

Available variables

  • xray: A third measure of the seriousness of the cancer taken from an X-ray reading. A value of 1 indicates a more serious case of the cancer.

  • acid: The level of acid phosphatase in the blood serum.

 r      aged   stage  grade  xray   acid  
 0:33   0:29   0:26   0:32   0:37   0:23  
 1:20   1:24   1:27   1:21   1:16   1:30  

Analyst's first analyses

Playing with the app, he found the most and least related predictors with the response:


    Pearson's Chi-squared test

data:  r and xray
X-squared = 9.3826, df = 1, p-value = 0.002191

    Pearson's Chi-squared test

data:  r and aged
X-squared = 1.3708, df = 1, p-value = 0.2417