Mapas usando ggplot
Caio VAOS
2024
Pacotes
library(tidyr)
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(sf)
library(ggspatial)
library(geobr)
library(plotly)
library(gganimate)Bases de Dados
# Shape
map_br <- read_country(showProgress = FALSE)
map_state <- read_state(showProgress = FALSE)
map_state <- map_state |>
select(1,6) # pegando apenas o necessário
map_state$code_state <- as.character(map_state$code_state) # pareando classe
# Preenchimento
DATA <- data.frame(code_state = map_state$code_state,
"ano_2000" = sample(80:100, 27, replace = TRUE),
"ano_2010" = sample(60:80, 27, replace = TRUE),
"ano_2022" = sample(30:60, 27, replace = TRUE))
# Junção
DF_MAPA_1 <- inner_join(map_state, DATA, by="code_state")
DF_MAPA_2 <- DF_MAPA_1 |>
pivot_longer(cols = c(2:4),
names_to = "ano",
values_to = "preenchimento")|>
mutate(ano = case_when(
ano == "ano_2000" ~ 2000,
ano == "ano_2010" ~ 2010,
ano == "ano_2022" ~ 2022))DATA
## # A tibble: 6 × 4
## code_state ano_2000 ano_2010 ano_2022
## <chr> <int> <int> <int>
## 1 11 91 71 33
## 2 12 83 65 45
## 3 13 94 78 31
## 4 14 88 68 31
## 5 15 98 63 54
## 6 16 98 62 32DF_MAPA_1
## # A tibble: 6 × 5
## code_state ano_2000 ano_2010 ano_2022 geom
## <chr> <int> <int> <int> <MULTIPOLYGON [°]>
## 1 11 91 71 33 (((-63.32721 -7.97672, -62.86662 -7.975…
## 2 12 83 65 45 (((-73.18253 -7.335496, -72.58477 -7.55…
## 3 13 94 78 31 (((-67.32609 2.029714, -67.31682 2.0012…
## 4 14 88 68 31 (((-60.20051 5.264343, -60.19273 5.2518…
## 5 15 98 63 54 (((-54.95431 2.583692, -54.93542 2.5185…
## 6 16 98 62 32 (((-51.1797 4.000081, -51.17739 3.99402…DF_MAPA_2
## # A tibble: 6 × 4
## code_state geom ano preenchimento
## <chr> <MULTIPOLYGON [°]> <dbl> <int>
## 1 11 (((-63.32721 -7.97672, -62.86662 -7.975868, -6… 2000 91
## 2 11 (((-63.32721 -7.97672, -62.86662 -7.975868, -6… 2010 71
## 3 11 (((-63.32721 -7.97672, -62.86662 -7.975868, -6… 2022 33
## 4 12 (((-73.18253 -7.335496, -72.58477 -7.552004, -… 2000 83
## 5 12 (((-73.18253 -7.335496, -72.58477 -7.552004, -… 2010 65
## 6 12 (((-73.18253 -7.335496, -72.58477 -7.552004, -… 2022 45Simples
básico
ggplot(DF_MAPA_1)+
geom_sf(aes(fill = ano_2000))+
scale_fill_gradientn(colours= c("#0d1b2a","#415a77","#e0e1dd","#588157","#344e41"))+
geom_sf(data= map_br, fill= "transparent", lwd= 0.4, col= "black")+
labs(title = "Mapa Simples - Básico", x="", y="",
fill= "Taxa", caption = "Fonte: ...")+
annotation_scale(location = "br",
height = unit(0.2, "cm"))+
annotation_north_arrow(location = "tr",
style = north_arrow_nautical,
height = unit(1.8, "cm"), width = unit(1.8, "cm"))+
theme_bw()+
theme(legend.position = c(0.15,0.3),
plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5),
legend.background = element_blank(),
plot.caption = element_text(hjust = 0, size = 7),
panel.grid = element_blank(),
axis.text = element_blank(),
axis.ticks = element_blank())+
annotate("text", x = -35, y = -28.5,
label = "Brasil\n...", size = 4.2, color = "black")
taxa padronizada
# Padronização de taxa
limite_pdr <- c(min(DATA[2:4]), max(DATA[2:4]))
# Plot
ggplot(DF_MAPA_1)+
geom_sf(aes(fill = ano_2000))+
scale_fill_gradientn(colours= c("#0d1b2a","#415a77","#e0e1dd","#588157","#344e41"),
limits= limite_pdr)+
geom_sf(data= map_br, fill= "transparent", lwd= 0.4, col= "black")+
labs(title = "Mapa Simples - Taxa Padronizada", x="", y="",
fill= "Taxa", caption = "Fonte: ...")+
annotation_scale(location = "br",
height = unit(0.2, "cm"))+
annotation_north_arrow(location = "tr",
style = north_arrow_nautical,
height = unit(1.8, "cm"), width = unit(1.8, "cm"))+
theme_bw()+
theme(legend.position = c(0.15,0.3),
plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5),
plot.background = element_rect(fill = "#e2ece9", colour = "black"),
legend.background = element_blank(),
plot.caption = element_text(hjust = 0, size = 7),
panel.grid = element_blank(),
axis.text = element_blank(),
axis.ticks = element_blank())+
annotate("text", x = -35, y = -28.5,
label = "Brasil\n...", size = 4.2, color = "black")
Facetado
ggplot(DF_MAPA_2)+
geom_sf(aes(fill = preenchimento, col= preenchimento))+
geom_sf(data= map_br, fill= "transparent", lwd= 0.3, col= "black")+
geom_text(data = data.frame(x = c(-70, -70, -70),
y = c(-30, -30, -30),
ano = c(2000, 2010, 2022),
label = c("Brasil\nI", "Brasil\nII", "Brasil\nIII")),
aes(x = x, y = y, label = label), color = "black", size = 2.5)+
facet_wrap(~ano, ncol = 3, labeller = labeller(ano = c("2000" = "Ano 2000",
"2010" = "Ano 2010",
"2022" = "Ano 2022")))+
scale_color_gradientn(colours= c("#0d1b2a","#415a77","#e0e1dd","#588157","#344e41"))+
scale_fill_gradientn(colours= c("#0d1b2a","#415a77","#e0e1dd","#588157","#344e41"))+
labs(title = "Mapa Facetado",
fill= "Taxa",
col="Taxa",
x = "", y = "",
caption = "Fonte: ...")+
theme_bw()+
theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5),
legend.background = element_blank(),
plot.caption = element_text(hjust = 0, size = 7),
axis.text = element_text(size = 6))
Interativo
Basta aplicar em um ggplot objetificado.
# Plot
gg_plot <- ggplot(DF_MAPA_1)+
geom_sf(aes(fill = ano_2000))+
scale_fill_gradientn(colours= c("#0d1b2a","#415a77","#e0e1dd","#588157","#344e41"))+
geom_sf(data= map_br, fill= "transparent", lwd= 0.4, col= "black")+
labs(title = "Mapa Interativo", x="", y="",
fill= "Taxa", caption = "Fonte: ...")+
annotation_scale(location = "br",
height = unit(0.2, "cm"))+
annotation_north_arrow(location = "tr",
style = north_arrow_nautical,
height = unit(1.8, "cm"), width = unit(1.8, "cm"))+
theme_bw()+
theme(legend.position = c(0.15,0.3),
plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5),
legend.background = element_blank(),
plot.caption = element_text(hjust = 0, size = 7))+
annotate("text", x = -35, y = -28.5,
label = "Brasil\n...", size = 4.2, color = "black")
ggplotly(gg_plot)Animado
Existem vários tipos de transições, essa se enquadra melhor aos Mapas.
{current_frame} = texto que mudara em cada frame;
transition_manual() = variação discreta.
animate() = anima o plot, controlando o número e frames
e a velocidade.
anim_save() = salva o plot animado como gif.
# Plot
mapa_animado <- ggplot(DF_MAPA_2)+
geom_sf(aes(fill = preenchimento))+
geom_text(data = data.frame(x = c(-35, -35, -35),
y = c(-28.5, -28.5, -28.5),
ano = c(2000, 2010, 2022),
label = c("Brasil\nI", "Brasil\nII", "Brasil\nIII")),
aes(x = x, y = y, label = label), color = "black", size = 10)+
scale_fill_gradientn(colours= c("#0d1b2a","#415a77","#e0e1dd","#588157","#344e41"))+
geom_sf(data= map_br, fill= "transparent", lwd= 0.4, col= "black")+
labs(title = "Mapa Animado - Ano {current_frame}", x="", y="",
fill= "Taxa", caption = "Fonte: ...")+
annotation_scale(location = "br",
height = unit(0.2, "cm"))+
annotation_north_arrow(location = "tr",
style = north_arrow_nautical,
height = unit(1.8, "cm"), width = unit(1.8, "cm"))+
theme_bw()+
theme(legend.position = c(0.15,0.3),
plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5),
legend.background = element_blank(),
plot.caption = element_text(hjust = 0, size = 7),
panel.grid = element_blank(),
axis.text = element_blank(),
axis.ticks = element_blank())+
transition_manual(ano)
# Salvar:
#anim_save("mapa_animado.gif", animate(mapa_animado, nframes = length(unique(DF_MAPA_2$ano)), fps = 0.7))
# Rodar:
#animate(mapa_animado, nframes = length(unique(DF_MAPA_2$ano)), fps = 0.7)
mapa_animado