CARET - Iris

Teoría

El paquete caret (Classification and Regression Training) es un paquete integral con una amplia variedad de algoritmos para el aprendizaje automático.

Paso 1. Instalar paquetes y llamar librerías

#install.packages("ggplot2") #Gráficas con mejor diseño
library(ggplot2)
#install.packages("lattice") #Crear gráficos
library(lattice)
#install.packages("caret") #Algoritmos de aprendizaje automático
library(caret)
#install.packages("datasets") #Usar la base de datos "Iris"
library(datasets)
#install.packages("DataExplorer") #Exploración de datos
library(DataExplorer)
#install.packages("kernlab") #Paquete con métodos de aprendizaje automático
library(kernlab)

## 
## Adjuntando el paquete: 'kernlab'

## The following object is masked from 'package:ggplot2':
## 
##     alpha

#install.packages("randomForest") #Paquete para este método de clasificación
library(randomForest)

## randomForest 4.7-1.1

## Type rfNews() to see new features/changes/bug fixes.

## 
## Adjuntando el paquete: 'randomForest'

## The following object is masked from 'package:ggplot2':
## 
##     margin

Paso 2. Crear base de datos

df <- data.frame(iris)

Paso 3. Análisis Exploratorio

summary(df)

##   Sepal.Length    Sepal.Width     Petal.Length    Petal.Width   
##  Min.   :4.300   Min.   :2.000   Min.   :1.000   Min.   :0.100  
##  1st Qu.:5.100   1st Qu.:2.800   1st Qu.:1.600   1st Qu.:0.300  
##  Median :5.800   Median :3.000   Median :4.350   Median :1.300  
##  Mean   :5.843   Mean   :3.057   Mean   :3.758   Mean   :1.199  
##  3rd Qu.:6.400   3rd Qu.:3.300   3rd Qu.:5.100   3rd Qu.:1.800  
##  Max.   :7.900   Max.   :4.400   Max.   :6.900   Max.   :2.500  
##        Species  
##  setosa    :50  
##  versicolor:50  
##  virginica :50  
##                 
##                 
## 

str(df)

## 'data.frame':    150 obs. of  5 variables:
##  $ Sepal.Length: num  5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5 5.4 4.6 5 4.4 4.9 ...
##  $ Sepal.Width : num  3.5 3 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.1 ...
##  $ Petal.Length: num  1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 ...
##  $ Petal.Width : num  0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 ...
##  $ Species     : Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...

plot_missing(df)

NOTA: La variable que queremos predecir debe tener formato de FACTOR

Paso 4. Partir los datos 80/20

set.seed(123)
renglones_entrenamiento <- createDataPartition(df$Species, p=0.8, list=FALSE)
entrenamiento <- iris[renglones_entrenamiento, ]
prueba <- iris[-renglones_entrenamiento, ]

Paso 5. Métodos para modelar

Los métodos más utilizadps para modelar aprendizaje automático son:

• SVM: Support Vector Machine o Máquina de Vectores de Soporte. Hay varios subtipos: Lineal (svmLinear), Radial (svmRadial), Polinómico (svmPoly), etc.
• Árbol de Decisión: rpart
• Redes Neuronales: nnet
• Random Forest o Bosques Aleatorios: rf

Paso 6. Modelos

1. Modelo con el Método svmLinear

modelo1 <- train(Species ~ ., data=entrenamiento,
                 method="svmLinear", # Cambiar 
                 preProcess=c("scale","center"),
                 trControl = trainControl(method="cv", number=10),
                 tuneGrid=data.frame(C=1) #Cambiar
                 )

resultado_entrenamiento1 <- predict(modelo1,entrenamiento)
resultado_prueba1 <- predict(modelo1, prueba)

#Matriz de Confusión del Resultado del Entrenamiento
mcre1 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_entrenamiento1, entrenamiento$Species)

#Matriz de Confusión del Resultado de la Prueba
mcrp1 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_prueba1, prueba$Species)

2. Modelo con el Método svmRadial

modelo2 <- train(Species ~ ., data=entrenamiento,
                 method="svmRadial", # Cambiar 
                 preProcess=c("scale","center"),
                 trControl = trainControl(method="cv", number=10),
                 tuneGrid=data.frame(sigma=1, C=1) #Cambiar
                 )

resultado_entrenamiento2 <- predict(modelo2,entrenamiento)
resultado_prueba2 <- predict(modelo2, prueba)

#Matriz de Confusión del Resultado del Entrenamiento
mcre2 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_entrenamiento2, entrenamiento$Species)

#Matriz de Confusión del Resultado de la Prueba
mcrp2 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_prueba2, prueba$Species)

3. Modelo con el Método svmPoly

modelo3 <- train(Species ~ ., data=entrenamiento,
                 method="svmPoly", # Cambiar 
                 preProcess=c("scale","center"),
                 trControl = trainControl(method="cv", number=10),
                 tuneGrid=data.frame(degree=1, scale=1, C=1) #Cambiar
                 )

resultado_entrenamiento3 <- predict(modelo3,entrenamiento)
resultado_prueba3 <- predict(modelo3, prueba)

#Matriz de Confusión del Resultado del Entrenamiento
mcre3 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_entrenamiento3, entrenamiento$Species)

#Matriz de Confusión del Resultado de la Prueba
mcrp3 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_prueba3, prueba$Species)

4. Modelo con el Método rpart

modelo4 <- train(Species ~ ., data=entrenamiento,
                 method="svmPoly", # Cambiar 
                 preProcess=c("scale","center"),
                 trControl = trainControl(method="cv", number=10),
                 tunelenght=10 #Cambiar
                 )

resultado_entrenamiento4 <- predict(modelo4,entrenamiento)
resultado_prueba4 <- predict(modelo4, prueba)

#Matriz de Confusión del Resultado del Entrenamiento
mcre4 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_entrenamiento4, entrenamiento$Species)

#Matriz de Confusión del Resultado de la Prueba
mcrp4 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_prueba4, prueba$Species)

5. Modelo con el Método nnet

modelo5 <- train(Species ~ ., data=entrenamiento,
                 method="nnet", # Cambiar 
                 preProcess=c("scale","center"),
                 trControl = trainControl(method="cv", number=10)
                 #Cambiar
                 )

## # weights:  11
## initial  value 126.348933 
## iter  10 value 45.283968
## iter  20 value 27.236011
## iter  30 value 13.126662
## iter  40 value 1.204122
## iter  50 value 0.044707
## iter  60 value 0.024335
## iter  70 value 0.013756
## iter  80 value 0.011632
## iter  90 value 0.011473
## iter 100 value 0.011091
## final  value 0.011091 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 153.805487 
## iter  10 value 5.884645
## iter  20 value 0.065399
## final  value 0.000094 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 136.925958 
## iter  10 value 4.176971
## iter  20 value 0.036627
## iter  30 value 0.001248
## iter  40 value 0.000778
## iter  50 value 0.000119
## iter  50 value 0.000084
## iter  50 value 0.000083
## final  value 0.000083 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 126.097145 
## iter  10 value 59.688435
## iter  20 value 55.529423
## iter  30 value 43.371147
## iter  40 value 42.568232
## iter  40 value 42.568231
## iter  40 value 42.568231
## final  value 42.568231 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 129.781479 
## iter  10 value 25.110524
## iter  20 value 19.457422
## iter  30 value 19.381630
## final  value 19.381189 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 129.198595 
## iter  10 value 22.485907
## iter  20 value 17.504302
## iter  30 value 17.324393
## iter  40 value 17.316280
## iter  50 value 17.297214
## iter  60 value 16.979787
## iter  70 value 16.882879
## iter  80 value 16.630912
## iter  90 value 16.596596
## iter 100 value 16.595708
## final  value 16.595708 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 127.189825 
## iter  10 value 41.859141
## iter  20 value 7.917413
## iter  30 value 2.222034
## iter  40 value 2.106883
## iter  50 value 2.043818
## iter  60 value 1.937593
## iter  70 value 1.933542
## iter  80 value 1.923761
## iter  90 value 1.923480
## iter 100 value 1.923313
## final  value 1.923313 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 134.040229 
## iter  10 value 50.594954
## iter  20 value 47.860782
## iter  30 value 46.616899
## iter  40 value 46.175132
## iter  50 value 45.616869
## iter  60 value 45.470118
## iter  70 value 44.516336
## iter  80 value 35.328954
## iter  90 value 7.266269
## iter 100 value 4.966966
## final  value 4.966966 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 114.133624 
## iter  10 value 3.074204
## iter  20 value 0.144224
## iter  30 value 0.131416
## iter  40 value 0.127066
## iter  50 value 0.121410
## iter  60 value 0.116562
## iter  70 value 0.110580
## iter  80 value 0.107293
## iter  90 value 0.105369
## iter 100 value 0.103443
## final  value 0.103443 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 125.362502 
## iter  10 value 18.024086
## iter  20 value 3.323887
## iter  30 value 2.521001
## iter  40 value 2.448407
## iter  50 value 2.427962
## iter  60 value 2.363968
## iter  70 value 2.185007
## iter  80 value 2.060087
## iter  90 value 1.956447
## iter 100 value 1.911704
## final  value 1.911704 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 141.145684 
## iter  10 value 47.681748
## iter  20 value 4.078307
## iter  30 value 0.074327
## final  value 0.000066 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 153.806684 
## iter  10 value 4.908159
## iter  20 value 1.836965
## iter  30 value 0.006636
## iter  40 value 0.000116
## iter  40 value 0.000060
## iter  40 value 0.000060
## final  value 0.000060 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 122.506113 
## iter  10 value 61.094818
## iter  20 value 55.527048
## iter  30 value 43.923630
## final  value 43.655656 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 126.248046 
## iter  10 value 60.261445
## iter  20 value 23.608543
## iter  30 value 21.383300
## iter  40 value 21.121094
## iter  50 value 21.116327
## final  value 21.116318 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 151.851569 
## iter  10 value 21.913573
## iter  20 value 18.422629
## iter  30 value 18.108566
## iter  40 value 18.087698
## iter  50 value 18.082577
## iter  60 value 18.082490
## iter  60 value 18.082490
## iter  60 value 18.082490
## final  value 18.082490 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 125.241773 
## iter  10 value 50.220893
## iter  20 value 49.981226
## iter  30 value 49.347479
## iter  40 value 43.617526
## iter  50 value 36.903940
## iter  60 value 8.552744
## iter  70 value 4.927776
## iter  80 value 4.369153
## iter  90 value 3.843006
## iter 100 value 3.618554
## final  value 3.618554 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 133.044172 
## iter  10 value 13.869855
## iter  20 value 2.775198
## iter  30 value 0.489927
## iter  40 value 0.419535
## iter  50 value 0.372214
## iter  60 value 0.357699
## iter  70 value 0.338338
## iter  80 value 0.332235
## iter  90 value 0.322128
## iter 100 value 0.314573
## final  value 0.314573 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 130.214992 
## iter  10 value 5.517948
## iter  20 value 2.310963
## iter  30 value 0.585169
## iter  40 value 0.529706
## iter  50 value 0.517016
## iter  60 value 0.499193
## iter  70 value 0.476777
## iter  80 value 0.464267
## iter  90 value 0.454208
## iter 100 value 0.410347
## final  value 0.410347 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 139.638769 
## iter  10 value 49.034608
## iter  20 value 42.244285
## iter  30 value 15.138829
## iter  40 value 4.125554
## iter  50 value 2.749602
## iter  60 value 2.240977
## iter  70 value 2.125356
## iter  80 value 2.066408
## iter  90 value 1.945777
## iter 100 value 1.933465
## final  value 1.933465 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 109.061219 
## iter  10 value 11.861165
## iter  20 value 2.380600
## iter  30 value 0.165447
## iter  40 value 0.001418
## final  value 0.000067 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 121.563588 
## iter  10 value 6.290234
## iter  20 value 2.129517
## iter  30 value 0.007337
## iter  40 value 0.000746
## final  value 0.000086 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 118.947081 
## iter  10 value 63.234518
## iter  20 value 44.395770
## iter  30 value 44.359193
## final  value 44.358839 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 140.180944 
## iter  10 value 25.480639
## iter  20 value 22.262239
## iter  30 value 21.477022
## iter  40 value 20.104001
## iter  50 value 20.045869
## final  value 20.045788 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 123.360774 
## iter  10 value 24.282277
## iter  20 value 19.287517
## iter  30 value 19.164635
## iter  40 value 19.141524
## iter  50 value 19.140907
## final  value 19.140906 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 118.690505 
## iter  10 value 36.110104
## iter  20 value 4.709395
## iter  30 value 4.137682
## iter  40 value 3.912045
## iter  50 value 3.905925
## iter  60 value 3.872159
## iter  70 value 3.863478
## iter  80 value 3.863229
## iter  90 value 3.862598
## final  value 3.862558 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 137.075720 
## iter  10 value 6.488157
## iter  20 value 0.888105
## iter  30 value 0.847520
## iter  40 value 0.579490
## iter  50 value 0.533659
## iter  60 value 0.513277
## iter  70 value 0.468199
## iter  80 value 0.436158
## iter  90 value 0.410471
## iter 100 value 0.386991
## final  value 0.386991 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 132.473917 
## iter  10 value 7.795484
## iter  20 value 0.662051
## iter  30 value 0.562253
## iter  40 value 0.520220
## iter  50 value 0.496417
## iter  60 value 0.478427
## iter  70 value 0.463338
## iter  80 value 0.452511
## iter  90 value 0.446517
## iter 100 value 0.433997
## final  value 0.433997 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 116.163279 
## iter  10 value 50.232719
## iter  20 value 49.908249
## final  value 49.906700 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 144.506292 
## iter  10 value 3.269883
## iter  20 value 1.747312
## iter  30 value 0.050040
## final  value 0.000061 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 156.341433 
## iter  10 value 5.277933
## iter  20 value 1.240524
## iter  30 value 0.004801
## iter  40 value 0.000537
## final  value 0.000053 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 127.404329 
## iter  10 value 52.822448
## iter  20 value 43.624419
## iter  30 value 43.602533
## final  value 43.602484 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 120.883761 
## iter  10 value 23.503375
## iter  20 value 19.890145
## iter  30 value 19.821144
## final  value 19.821091 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 121.109487 
## iter  10 value 23.696089
## iter  20 value 18.650047
## iter  30 value 18.388295
## iter  40 value 18.371325
## iter  50 value 18.370683
## final  value 18.370683 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 125.119520 
## iter  10 value 48.833424
## iter  20 value 11.318831
## iter  30 value 5.457618
## iter  40 value 4.857503
## iter  50 value 3.986311
## iter  60 value 3.890943
## iter  70 value 3.831966
## iter  80 value 3.829446
## iter  90 value 3.827797
## iter 100 value 3.825422
## final  value 3.825422 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 149.212542 
## iter  10 value 9.999760
## iter  20 value 1.537203
## iter  30 value 0.708694
## iter  40 value 0.683294
## iter  50 value 0.558384
## iter  60 value 0.549856
## iter  70 value 0.525998
## iter  80 value 0.513096
## iter  90 value 0.463399
## iter 100 value 0.426530
## final  value 0.426530 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 123.075099 
## iter  10 value 5.903355
## iter  20 value 0.918561
## iter  30 value 0.467470
## iter  40 value 0.399760
## iter  50 value 0.357967
## iter  60 value 0.343352
## iter  70 value 0.329755
## iter  80 value 0.317214
## iter  90 value 0.305007
## iter 100 value 0.278362
## final  value 0.278362 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 121.306723 
## iter  10 value 43.835938
## iter  20 value 13.066240
## iter  30 value 5.110357
## iter  40 value 3.527988
## iter  50 value 3.283061
## iter  60 value 3.116983
## iter  70 value 2.928176
## iter  80 value 2.857502
## iter  90 value 2.803512
## iter 100 value 1.095393
## final  value 1.095393 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 150.149791 
## iter  10 value 11.723647
## iter  20 value 0.726430
## iter  30 value 0.000205
## final  value 0.000065 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 143.468405 
## iter  10 value 8.632825
## iter  20 value 0.965359
## iter  30 value 0.001248
## final  value 0.000079 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 118.079968 
## iter  10 value 45.301123
## iter  20 value 43.823825
## final  value 43.823812 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 126.200073 
## iter  10 value 31.408922
## iter  20 value 20.618842
## iter  30 value 19.972523
## iter  40 value 19.851558
## iter  50 value 19.845177
## final  value 19.845174 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 116.041220 
## iter  10 value 24.046933
## iter  20 value 19.295133
## iter  30 value 18.514271
## iter  40 value 18.340015
## iter  50 value 18.316129
## iter  60 value 18.312878
## iter  70 value 18.312053
## final  value 18.312052 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 132.421279 
## iter  10 value 25.052321
## iter  20 value 5.217602
## iter  30 value 4.000514
## iter  40 value 3.900098
## iter  50 value 3.867286
## iter  60 value 3.864784
## iter  70 value 3.862256
## final  value 3.859146 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 114.592014 
## iter  10 value 4.664649
## iter  20 value 0.728406
## iter  30 value 0.580031
## iter  40 value 0.518858
## iter  50 value 0.507441
## iter  60 value 0.503440
## iter  70 value 0.499426
## iter  80 value 0.471934
## iter  90 value 0.456361
## iter 100 value 0.400168
## final  value 0.400168 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 150.023952 
## iter  10 value 6.763524
## iter  20 value 1.877583
## iter  30 value 0.490259
## iter  40 value 0.451920
## iter  50 value 0.377326
## iter  60 value 0.357477
## iter  70 value 0.299600
## iter  80 value 0.270754
## iter  90 value 0.264034
## iter 100 value 0.255514
## final  value 0.255514 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 117.694437 
## iter  10 value 11.857051
## iter  20 value 4.058017
## iter  30 value 2.827745
## iter  40 value 2.453217
## iter  50 value 1.438159
## iter  60 value 1.180057
## iter  70 value 0.841772
## iter  80 value 0.827177
## iter  90 value 0.713825
## iter 100 value 0.684278
## final  value 0.684278 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 125.955041 
## iter  10 value 7.192851
## iter  20 value 0.283903
## iter  30 value 0.004017
## final  value 0.000059 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 119.052121 
## iter  10 value 10.739741
## iter  20 value 1.654770
## iter  30 value 0.008253
## iter  40 value 0.002851
## iter  50 value 0.000772
## final  value 0.000061 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 118.248516 
## iter  10 value 47.307766
## iter  20 value 43.829218
## final  value 43.828430 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 130.949126 
## iter  10 value 27.409764
## iter  20 value 20.228781
## iter  30 value 19.851486
## iter  40 value 19.850717
## final  value 19.850713 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 138.109070 
## iter  10 value 27.421870
## iter  20 value 18.349782
## iter  30 value 17.983076
## iter  40 value 17.967960
## iter  50 value 17.967387
## final  value 17.967385 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 125.083325 
## iter  10 value 49.415126
## iter  20 value 31.652620
## iter  30 value 5.890386
## iter  40 value 4.194747
## iter  50 value 3.962184
## iter  60 value 3.611395
## iter  70 value 3.449522
## iter  80 value 3.309664
## iter  90 value 3.308831
## iter 100 value 3.304459
## final  value 3.304459 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 109.166293 
## iter  10 value 9.435148
## iter  20 value 1.592793
## iter  30 value 0.487325
## iter  40 value 0.445670
## iter  50 value 0.391716
## iter  60 value 0.353762
## iter  70 value 0.317084
## iter  80 value 0.303649
## iter  90 value 0.294655
## iter 100 value 0.292499
## final  value 0.292499 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 118.079239 
## iter  10 value 3.803919
## iter  20 value 0.712724
## iter  30 value 0.457326
## iter  40 value 0.395783
## iter  50 value 0.374912
## iter  60 value 0.353761
## iter  70 value 0.329184
## iter  80 value 0.311873
## iter  90 value 0.308367
## iter 100 value 0.298361
## final  value 0.298361 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 128.244501 
## iter  10 value 53.884199
## iter  20 value 47.439735
## iter  30 value 22.700504
## iter  40 value 7.078076
## iter  50 value 4.971387
## iter  60 value 4.169778
## iter  70 value 3.629188
## iter  80 value 2.961938
## iter  90 value 2.705531
## iter 100 value 2.590326
## final  value 2.590326 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 123.142139 
## iter  10 value 30.388030
## iter  20 value 6.429557
## iter  30 value 1.610004
## iter  40 value 0.077959
## final  value 0.000085 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 127.959122 
## iter  10 value 5.643907
## iter  20 value 0.494155
## iter  30 value 0.001812
## final  value 0.000099 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 119.345670 
## iter  10 value 59.261465
## iter  20 value 45.356707
## final  value 43.751555 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 138.016789 
## iter  10 value 29.863071
## iter  20 value 19.754611
## iter  30 value 19.743473
## iter  30 value 19.743473
## iter  30 value 19.743473
## final  value 19.743473 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 131.892718 
## iter  10 value 29.714024
## iter  20 value 19.792268
## iter  30 value 18.983007
## iter  40 value 18.779876
## iter  50 value 18.645085
## iter  60 value 18.488398
## iter  70 value 18.394874
## iter  80 value 18.297498
## iter  90 value 18.288225
## iter 100 value 18.286313
## final  value 18.286313 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 120.657851 
## iter  10 value 47.604170
## iter  20 value 28.833097
## iter  30 value 8.334624
## iter  40 value 4.209702
## iter  50 value 4.063857
## iter  60 value 3.970924
## iter  70 value 3.861649
## iter  80 value 3.847342
## iter  90 value 3.837837
## iter 100 value 3.835862
## final  value 3.835862 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 145.964310 
## iter  10 value 4.739934
## iter  20 value 0.751545
## iter  30 value 0.564508
## iter  40 value 0.525962
## iter  50 value 0.500348
## iter  60 value 0.460250
## iter  70 value 0.424385
## iter  80 value 0.414546
## iter  90 value 0.395197
## iter 100 value 0.385151
## final  value 0.385151 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 127.439185 
## iter  10 value 9.017239
## iter  20 value 1.521482
## iter  30 value 0.693100
## iter  40 value 0.627167
## iter  50 value 0.604576
## iter  60 value 0.537495
## iter  70 value 0.469462
## iter  80 value 0.448122
## iter  90 value 0.438163
## iter 100 value 0.414089
## final  value 0.414089 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 121.911081 
## iter  10 value 54.768119
## iter  20 value 49.915740
## final  value 49.907223 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 122.697432 
## iter  10 value 6.665786
## iter  20 value 0.885638
## iter  30 value 0.001007
## final  value 0.000067 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 121.557301 
## iter  10 value 6.316044
## iter  20 value 1.210760
## iter  30 value 0.029363
## iter  40 value 0.002753
## iter  50 value 0.000716
## final  value 0.000077 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 119.903696 
## iter  10 value 86.609372
## iter  20 value 60.157748
## iter  30 value 44.754746
## final  value 43.920794 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 129.042275 
## iter  10 value 29.733596
## iter  20 value 20.720932
## iter  30 value 20.643062
## iter  40 value 20.641037
## final  value 20.641024 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 121.118637 
## iter  10 value 21.782751
## iter  20 value 18.528125
## iter  30 value 18.099899
## iter  40 value 17.969126
## iter  50 value 17.963419
## final  value 17.963394 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 134.331131 
## iter  10 value 45.888242
## iter  20 value 20.436393
## iter  30 value 3.953311
## iter  40 value 3.756337
## iter  50 value 3.672029
## iter  60 value 3.667251
## iter  70 value 3.654873
## iter  80 value 3.653691
## iter  90 value 3.653581
## iter 100 value 3.653422
## final  value 3.653422 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 113.401005 
## iter  10 value 17.052536
## iter  20 value 2.470876
## iter  30 value 0.609662
## iter  40 value 0.567727
## iter  50 value 0.526411
## iter  60 value 0.364588
## iter  70 value 0.344110
## iter  80 value 0.290238
## iter  90 value 0.256748
## iter 100 value 0.240687
## final  value 0.240687 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 142.327017 
## iter  10 value 6.806568
## iter  20 value 0.749235
## iter  30 value 0.406973
## iter  40 value 0.282790
## iter  50 value 0.246343
## iter  60 value 0.229377
## iter  70 value 0.219262
## iter  80 value 0.211492
## iter  90 value 0.207866
## iter 100 value 0.203815
## final  value 0.203815 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 133.624089 
## iter  10 value 46.432977
## iter  20 value 19.076176
## iter  30 value 5.491631
## iter  40 value 2.259366
## iter  50 value 1.950383
## iter  60 value 1.744482
## iter  70 value 1.359581
## iter  80 value 1.129637
## iter  90 value 0.835532
## iter 100 value 0.702069
## final  value 0.702069 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 129.919175 
## iter  10 value 3.239666
## iter  20 value 0.006303
## iter  30 value 0.001331
## final  value 0.000046 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 150.357425 
## iter  10 value 12.219305
## iter  20 value 0.107734
## iter  30 value 0.004397
## iter  40 value 0.000160
## iter  40 value 0.000100
## iter  40 value 0.000099
## final  value 0.000099 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 125.715888 
## iter  10 value 60.754467
## iter  20 value 50.846765
## iter  30 value 43.927400
## final  value 43.924110 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 107.757973 
## iter  10 value 22.733057
## iter  20 value 19.325034
## iter  30 value 19.274647
## final  value 19.274480 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 163.376444 
## iter  10 value 33.717532
## iter  20 value 19.055814
## iter  30 value 17.678323
## iter  40 value 17.422214
## iter  50 value 17.379658
## iter  60 value 17.368193
## iter  70 value 17.368087
## final  value 17.368085 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 134.973458 
## iter  10 value 49.112377
## iter  20 value 45.049809
## iter  30 value 13.680024
## iter  40 value 4.401525
## iter  50 value 3.726450
## iter  60 value 3.179391
## iter  70 value 2.869133
## iter  80 value 2.723382
## iter  90 value 2.662010
## iter 100 value 2.659647
## final  value 2.659647 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 129.718638 
## iter  10 value 10.343871
## iter  20 value 0.544156
## iter  30 value 0.493563
## iter  40 value 0.478537
## iter  50 value 0.455482
## iter  60 value 0.420515
## iter  70 value 0.380996
## iter  80 value 0.331797
## iter  90 value 0.313101
## iter 100 value 0.276587
## final  value 0.276587 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 136.424295 
## iter  10 value 2.900444
## iter  20 value 0.206942
## iter  30 value 0.192161
## iter  40 value 0.189829
## iter  50 value 0.188506
## iter  60 value 0.181346
## iter  70 value 0.179915
## iter  80 value 0.177630
## iter  90 value 0.174593
## iter 100 value 0.173508
## final  value 0.173508 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 122.118287 
## iter  10 value 27.700279
## iter  20 value 4.420775
## iter  30 value 2.465950
## iter  40 value 2.323932
## iter  50 value 2.240343
## iter  60 value 2.106602
## iter  70 value 1.607482
## iter  80 value 1.214292
## iter  90 value 1.061191
## iter 100 value 1.049968
## final  value 1.049968 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 125.940127 
## iter  10 value 5.769944
## iter  20 value 1.588670
## iter  30 value 0.013603
## final  value 0.000052 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 128.666408 
## iter  10 value 3.486319
## iter  20 value 0.005997
## final  value 0.000060 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 133.321825 
## iter  10 value 55.090302
## iter  20 value 42.816010
## final  value 42.797724 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 123.404940 
## iter  10 value 39.530868
## iter  20 value 20.978524
## iter  30 value 18.838250
## iter  40 value 18.788654
## iter  50 value 18.788501
## final  value 18.788497 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 124.508655 
## iter  10 value 21.266555
## iter  20 value 17.815742
## iter  30 value 17.288387
## iter  40 value 17.227837
## iter  50 value 17.227120
## final  value 17.227109 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 123.923502 
## iter  10 value 37.380368
## iter  20 value 8.547210
## iter  30 value 3.796525
## iter  40 value 3.588555
## iter  50 value 3.274185
## iter  60 value 3.206527
## iter  70 value 3.164394
## iter  80 value 3.159082
## iter  90 value 3.157631
## iter 100 value 3.156288
## final  value 3.156288 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 129.498956 
## iter  10 value 3.680369
## iter  20 value 0.529272
## iter  30 value 0.497398
## iter  40 value 0.362882
## iter  50 value 0.308514
## iter  60 value 0.300400
## iter  70 value 0.292238
## iter  80 value 0.282543
## iter  90 value 0.277364
## iter 100 value 0.248232
## final  value 0.248232 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 119.206389 
## iter  10 value 16.628873
## iter  20 value 1.621567
## iter  30 value 0.637485
## iter  40 value 0.601582
## iter  50 value 0.520466
## iter  60 value 0.423120
## iter  70 value 0.371935
## iter  80 value 0.349324
## iter  90 value 0.338830
## iter 100 value 0.324720
## final  value 0.324720 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 141.120451 
## iter  10 value 86.290143
## iter  20 value 68.209020
## iter  30 value 47.304237
## iter  40 value 46.796574
## final  value 46.796573 
## converged

resultado_entrenamiento5 <- predict(modelo5,entrenamiento)
resultado_prueba5 <- predict(modelo5, prueba)

#Matriz de Confusión del Resultado del Entrenamiento
mcre5 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_entrenamiento5, entrenamiento$Species)

#Matriz de Confusión del Resultado de la Prueba
mcrp5 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_prueba5, prueba$Species)

6. Modelo con el Método rf

modelo6 <- train(Species ~ ., data=entrenamiento,
                 method="rf", # Cambiar 
                 preProcess=c("scale","center"),
                 trControl = trainControl(method="cv", number=10),
                 tuneGrid=expand.grid(mtry=c(2,4,6)) #Cambiar
                 )

## Warning in randomForest.default(x, y, mtry = param$mtry, ...): invalid mtry:
## reset to within valid range
## Warning in randomForest.default(x, y, mtry = param$mtry, ...): invalid mtry:
## reset to within valid range
## Warning in randomForest.default(x, y, mtry = param$mtry, ...): invalid mtry:
## reset to within valid range
## Warning in randomForest.default(x, y, mtry = param$mtry, ...): invalid mtry:
## reset to within valid range
## Warning in randomForest.default(x, y, mtry = param$mtry, ...): invalid mtry:
## reset to within valid range
## Warning in randomForest.default(x, y, mtry = param$mtry, ...): invalid mtry:
## reset to within valid range
## Warning in randomForest.default(x, y, mtry = param$mtry, ...): invalid mtry:
## reset to within valid range
## Warning in randomForest.default(x, y, mtry = param$mtry, ...): invalid mtry:
## reset to within valid range
## Warning in randomForest.default(x, y, mtry = param$mtry, ...): invalid mtry:
## reset to within valid range
## Warning in randomForest.default(x, y, mtry = param$mtry, ...): invalid mtry:
## reset to within valid range

resultado_entrenamiento6 <- predict(modelo6,entrenamiento)
resultado_prueba6 <- predict(modelo6, prueba)

#Matriz de Confusión del Resultado del Entrenamiento
mcre6 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_entrenamiento6, entrenamiento$Species)

#Matriz de Confusión del Resultado de la Prueba
mcrp6 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_prueba6, prueba$Species)

Paso 7. Resumen de resultados

resultados <- data.frame(
  "svmLinear"=c(mcre1$overall["Accuracy"], mcrp1$overall["Accuracy"]),
  "svmRadial"=c(mcre2$overall["Accuracy"], mcrp2$overall["Accuracy"]),
  "svmPoly"=c(mcre3$overall["Accuracy"], mcrp3$overall["Accuracy"]),
  "rpart"=c(mcre4$overall["Accuracy"], mcrp4$overall["Accuracy"]),
  "nnet"=c(mcre5$overall["Accuracy"], mcrp5$overall["Accuracy"]),
  "rf"=c(mcre6$overall["Accuracy"], mcrp6$overall["Accuracy"])
)
rownames(resultados) <- c("Precisión de Entrenamiento", "Prescisión de Prueba")
resultados

##                            svmLinear svmRadial   svmPoly     rpart      nnet
## Precisión de Entrenamiento 0.9916667 0.9916667 0.9916667 0.9916667 0.9666667
## Prescisión de Prueba       0.9666667 0.9333333 0.9666667 0.9666667 0.9666667
##                                   rf
## Precisión de Entrenamiento 1.0000000
## Prescisión de Prueba       0.9333333

Conclusiones

El modelo con el método de bosques aleatorios (rf) presenta sobreajuste, ya que tiene una alta precisión en entrenamiento, pero baja en prueba.

Acorde al resumen de resultados, el modelo mejor evaluado es el de Máquina de Vectores de Soporte Lineal.