CARET

CARET - Teoría

El paquete caret (Clasification and Regression Training) es un paquete integral con una amplia variedad de algoritmos para el aprendizaje automático.

Instalar Paquetes y Llamar Librerías

# install.packages("ggplot2")
# install.packages("lattice")
# install.packages("caret")
# install.packages("datasets")
# install.packages("DataExplorer")
# install.packages("kernlab")
# install.packages("randomForest")

library(ggplot2)
library(lattice)
library(caret)
library(datasets)
library(DataExplorer)
library(kernlab)

## 
## Adjuntando el paquete: 'kernlab'

## The following object is masked from 'package:ggplot2':
## 
##     alpha

library(randomForest)

## randomForest 4.7-1.1

## Type rfNews() to see new features/changes/bug fixes.

## 
## Adjuntando el paquete: 'randomForest'

## The following object is masked from 'package:ggplot2':
## 
##     margin

Crear base de datos

df <- data.frame(iris)

Análisis Exploratorio

#summarise_coord(df)
str(df)

## 'data.frame':    150 obs. of  5 variables:
##  $ Sepal.Length: num  5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5 5.4 4.6 5 4.4 4.9 ...
##  $ Sepal.Width : num  3.5 3 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.1 ...
##  $ Petal.Length: num  1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 ...
##  $ Petal.Width : num  0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 ...
##  $ Species     : Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...

#No hay datos faltantes
plot_missing(df)

NOTA: La variable que queremos predecir debe tener formato FACTOR

Partir Datos en el 80-20

set.seed(123)
renglones_entrenamiento <- createDataPartition(df$Species, p = 0.8, list = FALSE)
entrenamiento <- iris[renglones_entrenamiento,]
prueba <- iris[-renglones_entrenamiento,]

Métodos para Modelar

Los métodos más utilizados para modelar aprendizaje automático son:

• SVM: Support Vector Machine o Máquina de Vectores de Soporte. Hay varios subtipos: Lineal (svmLinear), Radial (svmRadial), Polinómico (svmPoly).
  
• Árbol de Decisión: rpart
• Redes Neuronales: nnet
• Random Forest o Bosques Aleatorios: rf

1.- Modelo con svmLinear

md1 <- train(Species ~. , data = entrenamiento,
             method = "svmLinear", preProcess = c("scale","center"),
             trControl = trainControl(method = "cv", number = 10),
             tuneGrid = data.frame(C=1)
             )

resultado_entrena1 <- predict(md1,entrenamiento)
resultado_prueba1 <- predict(md1, prueba)

# Matriz de Confusión del Resultado de Entrenamiento
mcre1 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_entrena1, entrenamiento$Species)

# Matriz de Confusión del Resultado de la Prueba
mcrp1 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_prueba1, prueba$Species)

2.- Modelo con svmRadial

md2 <- train(Species ~. , data = entrenamiento,
             method = "svmRadial", preProcess = c("scale","center"),
             trControl = trainControl(method = "cv", number = 10),
             tuneGrid = data.frame(sigma=1, C=1)
             )

resultado_entrena2 <- predict(md2,entrenamiento)
resultado_prueba2 <- predict(md2, prueba)

# Matriz de Confusión del Resultado de Entrenamiento
mcre2 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_entrena2, entrenamiento$Species)

# Matriz de Confusión del Resultado de la Prueba
mcrp2 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_prueba2, prueba$Species)

3.- Modelo con svmPoly

md3 <- train(Species ~. , data = entrenamiento,
             method = "svmPoly", preProcess = c("scale","center"),
             trControl = trainControl(method = "cv", number = 10),
             tuneGrid = data.frame(degree=1, scale=1, C=1)
             )

resultado_entrena3 <- predict(md3,entrenamiento)
resultado_prueba3 <- predict(md3, prueba)

# Matriz de Confusión del Resultado de Entrenamiento
mcre3 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_entrena3, entrenamiento$Species)

# Matriz de Confusión del Resultado de la Prueba
mcrp3 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_prueba3, prueba$Species)

4.- Modelo con rpart

md4 <- train(Species ~. , data = entrenamiento,
             method = "rpart", preProcess = c("scale","center"),
             trControl = trainControl(method = "cv", number = 10),
             tuneLength = 10
             )

resultado_entrena4 <- predict(md4,entrenamiento)
resultado_prueba4 <- predict(md4, prueba)

# Matriz de Confusión del Resultado de Entrenamiento
mcre4 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_entrena4, entrenamiento$Species)

# Matriz de Confusión del Resultado de la Prueba
mcrp4 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_prueba4, prueba$Species)

5.- Modelo con nnet

md5 <- train(Species ~. , data = entrenamiento,
             method = "nnet", preProcess = c("scale","center"),
             trControl = trainControl(method = "cv", number = 10)
             )

## # weights:  11
## initial  value 130.530132 
## iter  10 value 50.031494
## iter  20 value 48.622939
## iter  30 value 46.051782
## iter  40 value 45.435982
## iter  50 value 45.023331
## iter  60 value 41.544443
## iter  70 value 18.376424
## iter  80 value 4.629967
## iter  90 value 3.675228
## iter 100 value 3.275824
## final  value 3.275824 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 132.517409 
## iter  10 value 22.263231
## iter  20 value 2.574680
## iter  30 value 0.008513
## final  value 0.000051 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 136.160730 
## iter  10 value 3.642258
## iter  20 value 0.051614
## iter  30 value 0.013220
## iter  40 value 0.001249
## final  value 0.000086 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 124.472165 
## iter  10 value 57.985437
## iter  20 value 43.232595
## final  value 43.170440 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 118.611044 
## iter  10 value 30.413305
## iter  20 value 21.077103
## iter  30 value 20.192922
## iter  40 value 20.153936
## final  value 20.153924 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 131.301286 
## iter  10 value 26.646865
## iter  20 value 17.682102
## iter  30 value 17.633586
## iter  40 value 17.623573
## iter  50 value 17.364993
## iter  60 value 17.295129
## iter  70 value 17.290694
## final  value 17.290666 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 115.622911 
## iter  10 value 33.350769
## iter  20 value 4.676969
## iter  30 value 3.131052
## iter  40 value 2.922591
## iter  50 value 2.825976
## iter  60 value 2.769974
## iter  70 value 2.741299
## iter  80 value 2.741136
## iter  90 value 2.739093
## final  value 2.739035 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 139.822975 
## iter  10 value 37.447376
## iter  20 value 1.445699
## iter  30 value 0.316497
## iter  40 value 0.287713
## iter  50 value 0.260591
## iter  60 value 0.236249
## iter  70 value 0.224761
## iter  80 value 0.215415
## iter  90 value 0.194816
## iter 100 value 0.189471
## final  value 0.189471 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 123.298044 
## iter  10 value 4.177632
## iter  20 value 0.257205
## iter  30 value 0.224601
## iter  40 value 0.200241
## iter  50 value 0.193031
## iter  60 value 0.182082
## iter  70 value 0.164800
## iter  80 value 0.149792
## iter  90 value 0.144373
## iter 100 value 0.142810
## final  value 0.142810 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 123.243079 
## iter  10 value 49.923348
## iter  20 value 49.909994
## iter  30 value 49.907880
## final  value 49.906719 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 117.894759 
## iter  10 value 9.481781
## iter  20 value 0.026637
## iter  30 value 0.001156
## final  value 0.000052 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 131.870976 
## iter  10 value 17.010430
## iter  20 value 0.698814
## iter  30 value 0.001401
## final  value 0.000067 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 141.804121 
## iter  10 value 63.315182
## iter  20 value 44.532148
## iter  30 value 42.998412
## final  value 42.994034 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 129.180442 
## iter  10 value 44.217928
## iter  20 value 19.729677
## iter  30 value 18.527378
## iter  40 value 18.411074
## iter  50 value 18.393711
## iter  60 value 18.393129
## final  value 18.393125 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 143.533117 
## iter  10 value 21.063126
## iter  20 value 17.843661
## iter  30 value 17.106737
## iter  40 value 16.985544
## iter  50 value 16.981278
## iter  60 value 16.980626
## final  value 16.980585 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 123.091645 
## iter  10 value 49.148390
## iter  20 value 35.943210
## iter  30 value 10.736283
## iter  40 value 2.021433
## iter  50 value 1.687392
## iter  60 value 1.640809
## iter  70 value 1.636953
## iter  80 value 1.613389
## iter  90 value 1.611928
## iter 100 value 1.611137
## final  value 1.611137 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 113.416728 
## iter  10 value 6.236444
## iter  20 value 0.187917
## iter  30 value 0.166748
## iter  40 value 0.155642
## iter  50 value 0.144249
## iter  60 value 0.141208
## iter  70 value 0.138463
## iter  80 value 0.136774
## iter  90 value 0.134567
## iter 100 value 0.132971
## final  value 0.132971 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 124.153763 
## iter  10 value 6.673362
## iter  20 value 0.166533
## iter  30 value 0.154159
## iter  40 value 0.149227
## iter  50 value 0.136832
## iter  60 value 0.125718
## iter  70 value 0.121478
## iter  80 value 0.115540
## iter  90 value 0.113390
## iter 100 value 0.110992
## final  value 0.110992 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 128.347385 
## iter  10 value 55.157651
## iter  20 value 47.800562
## iter  30 value 47.763719
## iter  40 value 47.763542
## iter  50 value 47.762534
## final  value 47.762465 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 115.590774 
## iter  10 value 5.054265
## iter  20 value 1.048058
## iter  30 value 0.000979
## final  value 0.000072 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 123.951869 
## iter  10 value 13.178443
## iter  20 value 0.965118
## iter  30 value 0.002392
## final  value 0.000078 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 123.195822 
## iter  10 value 53.656490
## iter  20 value 43.803131
## iter  30 value 43.734766
## final  value 43.734347 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 123.651803 
## iter  10 value 29.880588
## iter  20 value 19.921143
## iter  30 value 19.707388
## iter  40 value 19.705704
## final  value 19.705624 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 148.336280 
## iter  10 value 27.474145
## iter  20 value 18.301737
## iter  30 value 18.138015
## iter  40 value 18.086240
## iter  50 value 18.084155
## iter  60 value 18.083934
## final  value 18.083909 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 122.563728 
## iter  10 value 32.122176
## iter  20 value 10.269949
## iter  30 value 4.526292
## iter  40 value 3.900620
## iter  50 value 3.805816
## iter  60 value 3.743349
## iter  70 value 3.733207
## iter  80 value 3.721238
## iter  90 value 3.713938
## iter 100 value 3.705684
## final  value 3.705684 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 130.631378 
## iter  10 value 4.944652
## iter  20 value 0.903581
## iter  30 value 0.602599
## iter  40 value 0.449328
## iter  50 value 0.416076
## iter  60 value 0.405323
## iter  70 value 0.397568
## iter  80 value 0.392801
## iter  90 value 0.386606
## iter 100 value 0.380965
## final  value 0.380965 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 152.884265 
## iter  10 value 11.737646
## iter  20 value 1.402922
## iter  30 value 0.553654
## iter  40 value 0.456488
## iter  50 value 0.433353
## iter  60 value 0.391721
## iter  70 value 0.350673
## iter  80 value 0.322382
## iter  90 value 0.309362
## iter 100 value 0.302224
## final  value 0.302224 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 133.677265 
## iter  10 value 49.425529
## iter  20 value 45.125104
## iter  30 value 24.714814
## iter  40 value 6.951374
## iter  50 value 3.962940
## iter  60 value 3.585057
## iter  70 value 2.556588
## iter  80 value 2.219301
## iter  90 value 2.033936
## iter 100 value 2.011517
## final  value 2.011517 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 120.219437 
## iter  10 value 20.105178
## iter  20 value 0.691846
## iter  30 value 0.000424
## final  value 0.000094 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 130.013247 
## iter  10 value 6.990719
## iter  20 value 0.117056
## final  value 0.000078 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 122.587894 
## iter  10 value 55.646479
## iter  20 value 44.073616
## iter  30 value 44.056707
## final  value 44.056649 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 122.488484 
## iter  10 value 30.042105
## iter  20 value 22.364237
## iter  30 value 21.402694
## iter  40 value 21.391770
## final  value 21.391728 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 151.848122 
## iter  10 value 27.150882
## iter  20 value 20.889994
## iter  30 value 19.061592
## iter  40 value 18.857339
## iter  50 value 18.636402
## iter  60 value 18.597842
## iter  70 value 18.581420
## final  value 18.581304 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 125.447189 
## iter  10 value 42.432302
## iter  20 value 14.708081
## iter  30 value 5.928158
## iter  40 value 4.717183
## iter  50 value 4.261072
## iter  60 value 3.990872
## iter  70 value 3.894028
## iter  80 value 3.877352
## iter  90 value 3.868846
## iter 100 value 3.865924
## final  value 3.865924 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 141.522247 
## iter  10 value 19.693351
## iter  20 value 2.060082
## iter  30 value 0.713635
## iter  40 value 0.684010
## iter  50 value 0.651024
## iter  60 value 0.599068
## iter  70 value 0.534726
## iter  80 value 0.525302
## iter  90 value 0.477461
## iter 100 value 0.468104
## final  value 0.468104 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 117.492171 
## iter  10 value 5.474776
## iter  20 value 0.633193
## iter  30 value 0.523049
## iter  40 value 0.506835
## iter  50 value 0.486677
## iter  60 value 0.470314
## iter  70 value 0.423468
## iter  80 value 0.413761
## iter  90 value 0.406423
## iter 100 value 0.383741
## final  value 0.383741 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 128.494859 
## iter  10 value 67.868204
## iter  20 value 40.370984
## iter  30 value 8.030160
## iter  40 value 3.602779
## iter  50 value 3.354456
## iter  60 value 3.245703
## iter  70 value 3.148381
## iter  80 value 3.017232
## iter  90 value 2.916738
## iter 100 value 2.698927
## final  value 2.698927 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 121.387618 
## iter  10 value 17.333188
## iter  20 value 6.562404
## iter  30 value 4.218606
## iter  40 value 0.023796
## iter  50 value 0.013835
## iter  60 value 0.007181
## iter  70 value 0.000265
## final  value 0.000094 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 131.764022 
## iter  10 value 6.923964
## iter  20 value 0.585918
## iter  30 value 0.001510
## final  value 0.000094 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 117.924376 
## iter  10 value 59.153858
## iter  20 value 45.980503
## iter  30 value 43.965813
## final  value 43.965807 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 122.524569 
## iter  10 value 28.252379
## iter  20 value 20.308998
## iter  30 value 19.983255
## iter  40 value 19.969846
## final  value 19.969845 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 175.722543 
## iter  10 value 24.152694
## iter  20 value 19.351652
## iter  30 value 18.570128
## iter  40 value 18.540253
## iter  50 value 18.531786
## iter  60 value 18.531273
## final  value 18.531272 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 125.626851 
## iter  10 value 50.695359
## iter  20 value 28.615271
## iter  30 value 12.424432
## iter  40 value 5.029030
## iter  50 value 4.166888
## iter  60 value 3.979676
## iter  70 value 3.882211
## iter  80 value 3.873043
## iter  90 value 3.872674
## iter 100 value 3.871442
## final  value 3.871442 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 123.025871 
## iter  10 value 27.020381
## iter  20 value 2.694706
## iter  30 value 1.092737
## iter  40 value 0.872715
## iter  50 value 0.758401
## iter  60 value 0.630276
## iter  70 value 0.571755
## iter  80 value 0.515264
## iter  90 value 0.475373
## iter 100 value 0.452080
## final  value 0.452080 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 134.385829 
## iter  10 value 5.396493
## iter  20 value 1.952502
## iter  30 value 0.810078
## iter  40 value 0.740163
## iter  50 value 0.700944
## iter  60 value 0.648312
## iter  70 value 0.581811
## iter  80 value 0.540064
## iter  90 value 0.513923
## iter 100 value 0.483298
## final  value 0.483298 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 124.033991 
## iter  10 value 53.598901
## iter  20 value 53.094417
## iter  30 value 51.710795
## iter  40 value 44.732729
## iter  50 value 17.281237
## iter  60 value 6.529030
## iter  70 value 3.473730
## iter  80 value 3.279187
## iter  90 value 3.156556
## iter 100 value 2.981555
## final  value 2.981555 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 126.207925 
## iter  10 value 6.867316
## iter  20 value 0.342203
## iter  30 value 0.000889
## final  value 0.000071 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 146.268437 
## iter  10 value 7.061711
## iter  20 value 1.073309
## iter  30 value 0.000467
## final  value 0.000066 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 120.866935 
## iter  10 value 85.950877
## iter  20 value 60.671406
## iter  30 value 50.749580
## iter  40 value 43.846120
## final  value 43.846095 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 126.514320 
## iter  10 value 46.451931
## iter  20 value 22.288378
## iter  30 value 21.611509
## iter  40 value 21.142364
## iter  50 value 20.374688
## iter  60 value 19.975509
## iter  70 value 19.860029
## final  value 19.859991 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 113.521981 
## iter  10 value 27.307122
## iter  20 value 19.069629
## iter  30 value 18.496103
## iter  40 value 18.414947
## iter  50 value 18.412091
## iter  60 value 18.411932
## final  value 18.411927 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 119.931364 
## iter  10 value 33.212563
## iter  20 value 6.825543
## iter  30 value 4.153607
## iter  40 value 3.996719
## iter  50 value 3.936301
## iter  60 value 3.900913
## iter  70 value 3.868653
## iter  80 value 3.868193
## iter  90 value 3.864798
## iter 100 value 3.860658
## final  value 3.860658 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 125.980953 
## iter  10 value 3.828376
## iter  20 value 1.757039
## iter  30 value 1.084888
## iter  40 value 0.779504
## iter  50 value 0.534913
## iter  60 value 0.521705
## iter  70 value 0.515783
## iter  80 value 0.504124
## iter  90 value 0.485201
## iter 100 value 0.483827
## final  value 0.483827 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 143.013185 
## iter  10 value 7.195354
## iter  20 value 1.984745
## iter  30 value 0.713672
## iter  40 value 0.552459
## iter  50 value 0.437450
## iter  60 value 0.403627
## iter  70 value 0.363382
## iter  80 value 0.356303
## iter  90 value 0.346628
## iter 100 value 0.337926
## final  value 0.337926 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 119.603843 
## iter  10 value 66.519353
## iter  20 value 48.085237
## iter  30 value 10.691129
## iter  40 value 4.343493
## iter  50 value 3.486657
## iter  60 value 2.937962
## iter  70 value 2.185862
## iter  80 value 1.910157
## iter  90 value 1.802781
## iter 100 value 1.791736
## final  value 1.791736 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 120.493313 
## iter  10 value 14.568437
## iter  20 value 1.413139
## iter  30 value 0.002421
## final  value 0.000049 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 131.990396 
## iter  10 value 3.607345
## iter  20 value 0.869522
## iter  30 value 0.000776
## final  value 0.000079 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 127.213395 
## iter  10 value 58.997762
## iter  20 value 44.424763
## final  value 43.139243 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 117.195869 
## iter  10 value 28.619024
## iter  20 value 19.206476
## iter  30 value 18.621574
## iter  40 value 18.619068
## iter  40 value 18.619068
## iter  40 value 18.619068
## final  value 18.619068 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 165.598734 
## iter  10 value 24.205649
## iter  20 value 17.629535
## iter  30 value 17.222776
## iter  40 value 17.168752
## iter  50 value 17.168464
## iter  60 value 17.168428
## iter  60 value 17.168428
## iter  60 value 17.168428
## final  value 17.168428 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 115.941037 
## iter  10 value 48.705139
## iter  20 value 47.783092
## iter  30 value 43.562064
## iter  40 value 11.101593
## iter  50 value 4.031437
## iter  60 value 3.116711
## iter  70 value 3.019260
## iter  80 value 2.993105
## iter  90 value 2.981303
## iter 100 value 2.969047
## final  value 2.969047 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 132.813339 
## iter  10 value 3.715700
## iter  20 value 1.056815
## iter  30 value 0.558748
## iter  40 value 0.530262
## iter  50 value 0.467614
## iter  60 value 0.445847
## iter  70 value 0.424130
## iter  80 value 0.373259
## iter  90 value 0.354379
## iter 100 value 0.342801
## final  value 0.342801 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 126.886256 
## iter  10 value 3.942342
## iter  20 value 1.736816
## iter  30 value 0.630651
## iter  40 value 0.552680
## iter  50 value 0.489807
## iter  60 value 0.396264
## iter  70 value 0.356221
## iter  80 value 0.340605
## iter  90 value 0.328238
## iter 100 value 0.321359
## final  value 0.321359 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 128.489378 
## iter  10 value 49.909576
## iter  20 value 49.876540
## iter  30 value 47.945970
## iter  40 value 39.847983
## iter  50 value 8.016537
## iter  60 value 4.619364
## iter  70 value 2.386452
## iter  80 value 1.338165
## iter  90 value 1.178344
## iter 100 value 1.100248
## final  value 1.100248 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 141.912242 
## iter  10 value 7.102731
## iter  20 value 0.339738
## final  value 0.000079 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 128.771330 
## iter  10 value 21.354630
## iter  20 value 2.784172
## iter  30 value 0.013786
## iter  40 value 0.000332
## final  value 0.000076 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 120.181179 
## iter  10 value 46.347790
## iter  20 value 43.064428
## iter  30 value 43.054040
## final  value 43.054021 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 126.647230 
## iter  10 value 25.682812
## iter  20 value 20.660342
## iter  30 value 19.500529
## iter  40 value 19.121600
## iter  50 value 19.088454
## iter  60 value 19.083697
## final  value 19.083689 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 132.234904 
## iter  10 value 29.615687
## iter  20 value 19.279132
## iter  30 value 17.877712
## iter  40 value 17.806996
## iter  50 value 17.793960
## iter  60 value 17.793819
## final  value 17.793686 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 121.579687 
## iter  10 value 49.472914
## iter  20 value 48.410085
## iter  30 value 45.340464
## iter  40 value 37.104905
## iter  50 value 8.129202
## iter  60 value 4.703745
## iter  70 value 4.278312
## iter  80 value 3.668066
## iter  90 value 3.605900
## iter 100 value 3.568123
## final  value 3.568123 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 135.360878 
## iter  10 value 10.436945
## iter  20 value 2.222820
## iter  30 value 0.763058
## iter  40 value 0.725440
## iter  50 value 0.677966
## iter  60 value 0.570628
## iter  70 value 0.518380
## iter  80 value 0.502364
## iter  90 value 0.462332
## iter 100 value 0.455880
## final  value 0.455880 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 125.924213 
## iter  10 value 3.865138
## iter  20 value 1.025246
## iter  30 value 0.422681
## iter  40 value 0.379135
## iter  50 value 0.353145
## iter  60 value 0.335865
## iter  70 value 0.319622
## iter  80 value 0.303895
## iter  90 value 0.289299
## iter 100 value 0.271561
## final  value 0.271561 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 114.925820 
## iter  10 value 45.333263
## iter  20 value 21.250608
## iter  30 value 6.082611
## iter  40 value 4.448976
## iter  50 value 3.266614
## iter  60 value 1.880390
## iter  70 value 1.733764
## iter  80 value 1.089267
## iter  90 value 1.045776
## iter 100 value 0.950636
## final  value 0.950636 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 116.607224 
## iter  10 value 6.159810
## iter  20 value 1.197702
## iter  30 value 0.000196
## final  value 0.000057 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 123.125697 
## iter  10 value 4.793414
## iter  20 value 0.073094
## iter  30 value 0.000393
## final  value 0.000088 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 120.471214 
## iter  10 value 45.420303
## iter  20 value 43.694661
## iter  30 value 43.690235
## final  value 43.690202 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 168.714249 
## iter  10 value 28.073376
## iter  20 value 21.126580
## iter  30 value 20.968508
## iter  40 value 20.968134
## final  value 20.968117 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 134.057733 
## iter  10 value 44.240823
## iter  20 value 19.621880
## iter  30 value 18.596469
## iter  40 value 18.220014
## iter  50 value 18.200869
## iter  60 value 18.194706
## final  value 18.194547 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 137.081572 
## iter  10 value 53.546736
## iter  20 value 49.263649
## iter  30 value 49.116099
## iter  40 value 49.041348
## iter  50 value 48.683090
## iter  60 value 48.634845
## iter  70 value 48.489442
## iter  80 value 48.480790
## iter  90 value 48.451846
## iter 100 value 48.179024
## final  value 48.179024 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 143.490043 
## iter  10 value 4.357251
## iter  20 value 1.321252
## iter  30 value 0.645280
## iter  40 value 0.616636
## iter  50 value 0.565996
## iter  60 value 0.521660
## iter  70 value 0.508617
## iter  80 value 0.487870
## iter  90 value 0.483152
## iter 100 value 0.479423
## final  value 0.479423 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 178.832632 
## iter  10 value 8.121158
## iter  20 value 1.422046
## iter  30 value 0.568662
## iter  40 value 0.518952
## iter  50 value 0.434974
## iter  60 value 0.392568
## iter  70 value 0.345835
## iter  80 value 0.285289
## iter  90 value 0.268178
## iter 100 value 0.253675
## final  value 0.253675 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 123.307045 
## iter  10 value 43.672929
## iter  20 value 8.049676
## iter  30 value 3.773651
## iter  40 value 3.173208
## iter  50 value 3.060201
## iter  60 value 2.971167
## iter  70 value 2.563371
## iter  80 value 2.471224
## iter  90 value 2.341221
## iter 100 value 2.320048
## final  value 2.320048 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 129.270569 
## iter  10 value 10.575847
## iter  20 value 2.930770
## iter  30 value 1.689612
## iter  40 value 0.097359
## iter  50 value 0.000123
## iter  50 value 0.000057
## iter  50 value 0.000057
## final  value 0.000057 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 119.634242 
## iter  10 value 6.310691
## iter  20 value 1.591412
## iter  30 value 0.028391
## iter  40 value 0.000902
## final  value 0.000069 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 120.069235 
## iter  10 value 60.195069
## iter  20 value 51.394914
## iter  30 value 43.991436
## final  value 43.991141 
## converged
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 152.809198 
## iter  10 value 25.471737
## iter  20 value 21.511163
## iter  30 value 21.387357
## iter  40 value 21.386800
## final  value 21.386800 
## converged
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 137.024287 
## iter  10 value 22.447246
## iter  20 value 19.002967
## iter  30 value 18.519064
## iter  40 value 18.404215
## iter  50 value 18.397540
## iter  60 value 18.396716
## final  value 18.396607 
## converged
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 121.726735 
## iter  10 value 50.373336
## iter  20 value 50.105529
## iter  30 value 49.998791
## iter  40 value 49.958270
## iter  50 value 49.774790
## iter  60 value 48.541266
## iter  70 value 18.978222
## iter  80 value 6.742676
## iter  90 value 4.056469
## iter 100 value 3.922763
## final  value 3.922763 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  27
## initial  value 146.633351 
## iter  10 value 6.579898
## iter  20 value 0.624311
## iter  30 value 0.562510
## iter  40 value 0.514462
## iter  50 value 0.457198
## iter  60 value 0.403961
## iter  70 value 0.382785
## iter  80 value 0.371306
## iter  90 value 0.358751
## iter 100 value 0.317469
## final  value 0.317469 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  43
## initial  value 127.981900 
## iter  10 value 7.369546
## iter  20 value 0.839917
## iter  30 value 0.675447
## iter  40 value 0.617273
## iter  50 value 0.540482
## iter  60 value 0.477520
## iter  70 value 0.443309
## iter  80 value 0.359346
## iter  90 value 0.308424
## iter 100 value 0.292198
## final  value 0.292198 
## stopped after 100 iterations
## # weights:  11
## initial  value 133.510869 
## iter  10 value 66.279276
## iter  20 value 49.065891
## iter  30 value 46.607987
## final  value 46.598156 
## converged

resultado_entrena5 <- predict(md5,entrenamiento)
resultado_prueba5 <- predict(md5, prueba)

# Matriz de Confusión del Resultado de Entrenamiento
mcre5 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_entrena5, entrenamiento$Species)

# Matriz de Confusión del Resultado de la Prueba
mcrp5 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_prueba5, prueba$Species)

6.- Modelo con rf

md6 <- train(Species ~. , data = entrenamiento,
             method = "rf", preProcess = c("scale","center"),
             trControl = trainControl(method = "cv", number = 10),
             tuneGrid = expand.grid(mtry = c(2,4,6))
             )

resultado_entrena6 <- predict(md6,entrenamiento)
resultado_prueba6 <- predict(md6, prueba)

# Matriz de Confusión del Resultado de Entrenamiento
mcre6 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_entrena6, entrenamiento$Species)

# Matriz de Confusión del Resultado de la Prueba
mcrp6 <- confusionMatrix(resultado_prueba6, prueba$Species)

Resumen de Resultados

resultados <- data.frame(
  "svmLinear" = c(mcre1$overall["Accuracy"], mcrp1$overall["Accuracy"]),
  "svmRadial" = c(mcre2$overall["Accuracy"], mcrp2$overall["Accuracy"]),
  "svmPoly" = c(mcre3$overall["Accuracy"], mcrp3$overall["Accuracy"]),
  "rpart" = c(mcre4$overall["Accuracy"], mcrp4$overall["Accuracy"]),
  "nnet" = c(mcre5$overall["Accuracy"], mcrp5$overall["Accuracy"]),
  "rf" = c(mcre6$overall["Accuracy"], mcrp6$overall["Accuracy"])
)

rownames(resultados) <- c("Precisión Entrenamiento", "Precisión Prueba")

resultados

##                         svmLinear svmRadial   svmPoly     rpart      nnet
## Precisión Entrenamiento 0.9916667 0.9916667 0.9916667 0.9666667 0.9666667
## Precisión Prueba        0.9666667 0.9333333 0.9666667 0.9333333 0.9666667
##                                rf
## Precisión Entrenamiento 1.0000000
## Precisión Prueba        0.9333333

Conclusion

El modelo con el método de bosques aleatorios (rf) y Máquina de vectores de Soporte Radial (svmRadial) presentan un sobreajuste considerable, ya que tiene una alta precisión en entrenamiento pero una baja en pruebas.
Acorde al resumen de resultados, el modelo mejor evaluado es el de la Máquina de Vectores de Soporte Lineal (svmLinear).