Actividad practica 1
Esteban
2024-08-13
Potabilidad del Agua
El agua potable es aquella que cumple con los estándares de calidad necesarios para ser consumida sin riesgo para la salud. Para que el agua sea considerada potable, debe estar libre de contaminantes quÃmicos, biológicos y fÃsicos que puedan causar enfermedades. Este tipo de agua es esencial para la vida humana y se utiliza no solo para beber, sino también para cocinar, higiene personal, y otras actividades domésticas.
se carga la base de datos
library(readr)
df <-read_csv("water_potability.csv")## Rows: 3276 Columns: 10
## ── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
## Delimiter: ","
## dbl (10): ph, Hardness, Solids, Chloramines, Sulfate, Conductivity, Organic_...
##
## ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.se analizan las dimesiones
dim(df)## [1] 3276 10la base de datos de agua… consta con… datos se visualiza la base de datos
str(df)## spc_tbl_ [3,276 × 10] (S3: spec_tbl_df/tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
## $ ph : num [1:3276] NA 3.72 8.1 8.32 9.09 ...
## $ Hardness : num [1:3276] 205 129 224 214 181 ...
## $ Solids : num [1:3276] 20791 18630 19910 22018 17979 ...
## $ Chloramines : num [1:3276] 7.3 6.64 9.28 8.06 6.55 ...
## $ Sulfate : num [1:3276] 369 NA NA 357 310 ...
## $ Conductivity : num [1:3276] 564 593 419 363 398 ...
## $ Organic_carbon : num [1:3276] 10.4 15.2 16.9 18.4 11.6 ...
## $ Trihalomethanes: num [1:3276] 87 56.3 66.4 100.3 32 ...
## $ Turbidity : num [1:3276] 2.96 4.5 3.06 4.63 4.08 ...
## $ Potability : num [1:3276] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## - attr(*, "spec")=
## .. cols(
## .. ph = col_double(),
## .. Hardness = col_double(),
## .. Solids = col_double(),
## .. Chloramines = col_double(),
## .. Sulfate = col_double(),
## .. Conductivity = col_double(),
## .. Organic_carbon = col_double(),
## .. Trihalomethanes = col_double(),
## .. Turbidity = col_double(),
## .. Potability = col_double()
## .. )
## - attr(*, "problems")=<externalptr>hist(sort(df$Potability),las=2)
barplot(table(df$Potability))
resum_2<-table(df$Potability)
resum_2##
## 0 1
## 1998 1278#Potable (0): Hay 1998 muestras que se consideran potables. No potable (1): Hay 1278 muestras que se consideran no potables.Esto sugiere que, de todas las muestras analizadas: El 61% (1998/3276) de las muestras son potables. El 39% (1278/3276) de las muestras no son potables. En general, esto significa que más de la mitad de las muestras son aptas para #el consumo, pero todavÃa hay un porcentaje significativo que no lo es
hist(sort(df$Turbidity),las=2)
boxplot(df$Turbidity)
boxplot(df$Chloramines)
library(Amelia)## Loading required package: Rcpp## ##
## ## Amelia II: Multiple Imputation
## ## (Version 1.8.2, built: 2024-04-10)
## ## Copyright (C) 2005-2024 James Honaker, Gary King and Matthew Blackwell
## ## Refer to http://gking.harvard.edu/amelia/ for more information
## ##missmap(df)## Warning: Unknown or uninitialised column: `arguments`.
## Unknown or uninitialised column: `arguments`.## Warning: Unknown or uninitialised column: `imputations`.
summary(df)# Analicemos las mediadas de tendencia## ph Hardness Solids Chloramines
## Min. : 0.000 Min. : 47.43 Min. : 320.9 Min. : 0.352
## 1st Qu.: 6.093 1st Qu.:176.85 1st Qu.:15666.7 1st Qu.: 6.127
## Median : 7.037 Median :196.97 Median :20927.8 Median : 7.130
## Mean : 7.081 Mean :196.37 Mean :22014.1 Mean : 7.122
## 3rd Qu.: 8.062 3rd Qu.:216.67 3rd Qu.:27332.8 3rd Qu.: 8.115
## Max. :14.000 Max. :323.12 Max. :61227.2 Max. :13.127
## NA's :491
## Sulfate Conductivity Organic_carbon Trihalomethanes
## Min. :129.0 Min. :181.5 Min. : 2.20 Min. : 0.738
## 1st Qu.:307.7 1st Qu.:365.7 1st Qu.:12.07 1st Qu.: 55.845
## Median :333.1 Median :421.9 Median :14.22 Median : 66.622
## Mean :333.8 Mean :426.2 Mean :14.28 Mean : 66.396
## 3rd Qu.:360.0 3rd Qu.:481.8 3rd Qu.:16.56 3rd Qu.: 77.337
## Max. :481.0 Max. :753.3 Max. :28.30 Max. :124.000
## NA's :781 NA's :162
## Turbidity Potability
## Min. :1.450 Min. :0.0000
## 1st Qu.:3.440 1st Qu.:0.0000
## Median :3.955 Median :0.0000
## Mean :3.967 Mean :0.3901
## 3rd Qu.:4.500 3rd Qu.:1.0000
## Max. :6.739 Max. :1.0000
## par(mfrow=c(1,4))
boxplot(df$Sulfate,main="Sulfate")
boxplot(df$ph,main="ph")
boxplot(df$Turbidity,main="Turbidity")
boxplot(df$Conductivity,main="Conductivity")
par(mfrow=c(1,5))
boxplot(df$Hardness,main="Hardness")
boxplot(df$Solids,main="Solids")
boxplot(df$Chloramines,main="Cloramines")
boxplot(df$Organic_carbon,main="Organic")
boxplot(df$Trihalomethanes,main="Trihalomethanes")
# Cargar los paquetes necesarios
library(ggplot2)
library(reshape2)
library(pheatmap)
# Calcular la matriz de correlación
cor_matrix <- cor(df, use = "complete.obs")
# Convertir la matriz de correlación a un formato largo
cor_matrix_melt <- melt(cor_matrix)
# Crear el mapa de calor con pheatmap
pheatmap(
mat = cor_matrix,
color = colorRampPalette(c("blue", "white", "red"))(100), # Color palette similar a 'coolwarm'
display_numbers = TRUE, # Mostrar los números en las celdas
number_format = "%.2f", # Formato de los números
main = "Correlation of Water Potability" # TÃtulo del gráfico
)
#
library(ggplot2)
df$Potability <- as.factor(df$Potability)
# Crear el gráfico de distribución con facetas
ggplot(df, aes(x = ph)) +
geom_histogram(aes(y = ..density..), bins = 30, fill = "skyblue", color = "black", alpha = 0.7) +
geom_density(color = "red") +
facet_wrap(~ Potability) +
ggtitle("Distribution of pH by Potability") +
theme_minimal() +
theme(plot.title = element_text(size = 15))## Warning: The dot-dot notation (`..density..`) was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use `after_stat(density)` instead.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.## Warning: Removed 491 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_bin()`).## Warning: Removed 491 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_density()`).
# Cargar los paquetes necesarios
library(ggplot2)
library(gridExtra)
library(dplyr)##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'## The following object is masked from 'package:gridExtra':
##
## combine## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, union# Supongamos que df es tu DataFrame
# Eliminar la columna 'Potability' del DataFrame
df_without_potability <- df %>% select(-Potability)
# Crear una lista para almacenar los gráficos
plot_list <- list()
# Loop a través de cada columna en df_without_potability
for (col in colnames(df_without_potability)) {
# Crear el gráfico de histograma
p <- ggplot(df_without_potability, aes_string(x = col)) +
geom_histogram(bins = 50, fill = "skyblue", color = "black", alpha = 0.7) +
ggtitle(paste("Histogram of", col)) +
theme_minimal()
# Añadir el gráfico a la lista
plot_list[[col]] <- p
}## Warning: `aes_string()` was deprecated in ggplot2 3.0.0.
## ℹ Please use tidy evaluation idioms with `aes()`.
## ℹ See also `vignette("ggplot2-in-packages")` for more information.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.# Organizar los gráficos en una cuadrÃcula
grid.arrange(grobs = plot_list, ncol = 3, nrow = 3)## Warning: Removed 491 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_bin()`).## Warning: Removed 781 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_bin()`).## Warning: Removed 162 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_bin()`).
# Cargar los paquetes necesarios
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
# Asegurarse de que df es tu DataFrame
# Convertir 'Potability' en un factor si no lo es
df$Potability <- as.factor(df$Potability)
# Seleccionar las columnas numéricas
numeric_columns <- df %>% select_if(is.numeric) %>% colnames()
# Loop para crear histogramas
for (col in numeric_columns) {
p <- ggplot(df, aes_string(x = col, fill = "Potability")) +
geom_histogram(position = "stack", bins = 20, alpha = 0.6, color = "black") +
geom_density(aes(y = ..density.. * 0.1), color = "red", alpha = 0.5) +
labs(title = paste(col, "vs Potability")) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(plot.title = element_text(size = 15))
print(p) # Mostrar el gráfico
}## Warning: Removed 491 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_bin()`).## Warning: Removed 491 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_density()`).
## Warning: Removed 781 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_bin()`).## Warning: Removed 781 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_density()`).
## Warning: Removed 162 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_bin()`).## Warning: Removed 162 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
## (`stat_density()`).
