Covariates not included
Covariates included
Covariates included, outliers removed
Significant covariates included
Parcel Number Variable B SE 95% CI t-value p-value R2 F-stat B SE 95% CI t-value p-value R2 F-stat ΔR²: M2vM1 B SE 95% CI t-value p-value R2 F-stat ΔR²: M3vM1 B SE 95% CI t-value p-value R2 F-stat ΔR²: M4vM1
Temporal Parietal Junction
183 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.32 0.21 [-0.73, 0.09] -1.56 0.123 0.03 F (1,81) =2.42 -0.15 0.25 [-0.66, 0.36] -0.60 0.553 0.24 0.21 F (19,57) =0.93 -0.15 0.25 [-0.66, 0.36] -0.6 0.553 0.24 0.21 F (19,57) =0.93 -0.32 0.21 [-0.73, 0.09] -1.56 0.123 0.03 0 F (1,81) =2.42
183 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 0.35 1.22 [-2.09, 2.80] 0.29 0.774 0.35 1.22 [-2.09, 2.80] 0.29 0.774
183 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano -0.50 0.51 [-1.53, 0.52] -0.98 0.329 -0.5 0.51 [-1.53, 0.52] -0.98 0.329
183 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White -0.38 0.43 [-1.23, 0.47] -0.89 0.377 -0.38 0.43 [-1.23, 0.47] -0.89 0.377
183 Ethnicity: Other 0.64 0.70 [-0.77, 2.04] 0.90 0.369 0.64 0.7 [-0.77, 2.04] 0.9 0.369
183 Age 0.03 0.05 [-0.07, 0.13] 0.58 0.566 0.03 0.05 [-0.07, 0.13] 0.58 0.566
183 Parent Ed: BA -0.12 0.77 [-1.66, 1.42] -0.15 0.879 -0.12 0.77 [-1.66, 1.42] -0.15 0.879
183 Parent Ed: doctoral 0.45 0.90 [-1.35, 2.25] 0.50 0.619 0.45 0.9 [-1.35, 2.25] 0.5 0.619
183 Parent Ed: HS -0.29 0.86 [-2.01, 1.43] -0.33 0.741 -0.29 0.86 [-2.01, 1.43] -0.33 0.741
183 Parent Ed: no HS 0.05 1.21 [-2.37, 2.48] 0.04 0.965 0.05 1.21 [-2.37, 2.48] 0.04 0.965
183 Parent Ed: MA -0.04 0.79 [-1.62, 1.54] -0.05 0.960 -0.04 0.79 [-1.62, 1.54] -0.05 0.960
183 Parent Ed: JD/MD -0.33 1.03 [-2.39, 1.73] -0.32 0.750 -0.33 1.03 [-2.39, 1.73] -0.32 0.750
183 Parent Ed: csome college -0.32 0.81 [-1.95, 1.30] -0.40 0.694 -0.32 0.81 [-1.95, 1.30] -0.4 0.694
183 Female 0.18 1.11 [-2.04, 2.41] 0.17 0.869 0.18 1.11 [-2.04, 2.41] 0.17 0.869
183 Male 0.19 1.14 [-2.09, 2.47] 0.17 0.866 0.19 1.14 [-2.09, 2.47] 0.17 0.866
183 Transgender 0.47 1.32 [-2.17, 3.12] 0.36 0.722 0.47 1.32 [-2.17, 3.12] 0.36 0.722
183 Baseline Depression -0.02 0.02 [-0.05, 0.01] -1.54 0.130 -0.02 0.02 [-0.05, 0.01] -1.54 0.130
183 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.28 0.16 [-0.61, 0.04] -1.76 0.084. -0.28 0.16 [-0.61, 0.04] -1.76 0.084.
183 Task Engagement (post) 0.37 0.17 [0.04, 0.70] 2.22 0.030* 0.37 0.17 [0.04, 0.70] 2.22 0.030*
148 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.45 0.19 [-0.83, -0.07] -2.35 0.021* 0.06 F (1,81) =5.5 -0.29 0.22 [-0.73, 0.15] -1.33 0.189 0.3 0.23 F (19,57) =1.27 -0.26 0.21 [-0.69, 0.16] -1.24 0.220 0.26 0.2 F (19,56) =1.03 -0.4 0.18 [-0.75, -0.05] -2.27 0.026* 0.16 0.09 F (2,78) =7.27
148 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 0.03 1.06 [-2.10, 2.16] 0.03 0.979 0.15 1.03 [-1.91, 2.21] 0.14 0.888
148 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano -0.36 0.45 [-1.26, 0.53] -0.82 0.418 -0.16 0.44 [-1.04, 0.72] -0.36 0.720
148 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White -0.28 0.37 [-1.02, 0.47] -0.74 0.461 -0.27 0.36 [-0.99, 0.45] -0.75 0.455
148 Ethnicity: Other 0.38 0.61 [-0.84, 1.61] 0.62 0.536 0.37 0.59 [-0.81, 1.56] 0.63 0.532
148 Age 0.03 0.05 [-0.06, 0.12] 0.69 0.494 0.04 0.04 [-0.05, 0.12] 0.81 0.421
148 Parent Ed: BA -0.10 0.67 [-1.44, 1.24] -0.15 0.881 -0.02 0.65 [-1.31, 1.28] -0.02 0.981
148 Parent Ed: doctoral 0.64 0.78 [-0.93, 2.21] 0.82 0.418 0.71 0.76 [-0.81, 2.23] 0.94 0.351
148 Parent Ed: HS 0.19 0.75 [-1.30, 1.69] 0.26 0.796 0.11 0.72 [-1.34, 1.56] 0.15 0.877
148 Parent Ed: no HS -0.11 1.05 [-2.22, 1.99] -0.11 0.914 -0.12 1.02 [-2.16, 1.92] -0.12 0.907
148 Parent Ed: MA 0.06 0.69 [-1.31, 1.44] 0.09 0.925 0.08 0.66 [-1.25, 1.41] 0.12 0.905
148 Parent Ed: JD/MD 0.04 0.90 [-1.76, 1.83] 0.04 0.968 0.11 0.87 [-1.62, 1.85] 0.13 0.896
148 Parent Ed: csome college 0.21 0.71 [-1.20, 1.62] 0.30 0.768 0.2 0.68 [-1.17, 1.57] 0.29 0.773
148 Female -0.20 0.97 [-2.14, 1.73] -0.21 0.835 -0.11 0.93 [-1.98, 1.77] -0.11 0.909
148 Male -0.47 0.99 [-2.45, 1.52] -0.47 0.639 -0.31 0.96 [-2.23, 1.61] -0.32 0.746
148 Transgender 0.10 1.15 [-2.20, 2.40] 0.09 0.931 0.2 1.11 [-2.02, 2.43] 0.18 0.856
148 Baseline Depression -0.04 0.01 [-0.06, -0.01] -2.81 0.007** -0.03 0.01 [-0.06, -0.01] -2.43 0.018* -0.03 0.01 [-0.05, -0.01] -3.05 0.003**
148 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.13 0.14 [-0.42, 0.15] -0.95 0.346 -0.14 0.14 [-0.42, 0.13] -1.05 0.299
148 Task Engagement (post) 0.16 0.14 [-0.12, 0.45] 1.14 0.260 0.16 0.14 [-0.11, 0.44] 1.18 0.242
136 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.68 0.22 [-1.12, -0.25] -3.1 0.003** 0.11 F (1,81) =9.64 -0.57 0.26 [-1.08, -0.06] -2.22 0.030* 0.3 0.19 F (19,57) =1.29 -0.4 0.21 [-0.83, 0.03] -1.88 0.066. 0.25 0.14 F (19,53) =0.91 -0.68 0.22 [-1.12, -0.25] -3.1 0.003** 0.11 0 F (1,81) =9.64
136 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 0.68 1.23 [-1.80, 3.15] 0.55 0.587 0.83 1.03 [-1.23, 2.88] 0.81 0.424
136 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano -0.31 0.52 [-1.35, 0.73] -0.60 0.553 0.07 0.44 [-0.81, 0.96] 0.16 0.870
136 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White 0.03 0.43 [-0.83, 0.90] 0.08 0.936 0.19 0.36 [-0.54, 0.91] 0.52 0.606
136 Ethnicity: Other 0.41 0.71 [-1.02, 1.83] 0.57 0.571 0.49 0.59 [-0.70, 1.67] 0.83 0.411
136 Age -0.02 0.05 [-0.12, 0.09] -0.32 0.750 -0.03 0.04 [-0.11, 0.06] -0.59 0.555
136 Parent Ed: BA 0.31 0.78 [-1.24, 1.87] 0.40 0.689 0.55 0.65 [-0.75, 1.85] 0.85 0.398
136 Parent Ed: doctoral 1.26 0.91 [-0.57, 3.08] 1.38 0.172 1.18 0.76 [-0.34, 2.70] 1.56 0.125
136 Parent Ed: HS 0.65 0.87 [-1.09, 2.39] 0.75 0.457 0.52 0.72 [-0.92, 1.97] 0.73 0.471
136 Parent Ed: no HS 1.38 1.22 [-1.07, 3.83] 1.13 0.264 1.17 1.02 [-0.86, 3.21] 1.16 0.253
136 Parent Ed: MA 0.54 0.80 [-1.06, 2.13] 0.67 0.504 0.45 0.66 [-0.87, 1.78] 0.69 0.496
136 Parent Ed: JD/MD 0.55 1.04 [-1.54, 2.63] 0.52 0.602 0.66 0.86 [-1.07, 2.39] 0.76 0.448
136 Parent Ed: csome college 0.96 0.82 [-0.69, 2.60] 1.16 0.249 0.82 0.68 [-0.54, 2.19] 1.21 0.232
136 Female -0.01 1.12 [-2.26, 2.24] -0.01 0.991 0.09 0.93 [-1.78, 1.96] 0.09 0.926
136 Male -0.11 1.15 [-2.41, 2.20] -0.09 0.926 0 0.96 [-1.92, 1.93] 0 0.997
136 Transgender -0.37 1.34 [-3.05, 2.30] -0.28 0.782 -0.32 1.11 [-2.55, 1.90] -0.29 0.772
136 Baseline Depression -0.03 0.02 [-0.06, -0.00] -2.02 0.048* -0.02 0.01 [-0.05, 0.00] -1.72 0.091.
136 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.01 0.16 [-0.34, 0.32] -0.05 0.961 0.03 0.14 [-0.25, 0.30] 0.2 0.839
136 Task Engagement (post) 0.10 0.17 [-0.24, 0.43] 0.57 0.573 0.01 0.14 [-0.27, 0.30] 0.09 0.931
78 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.29 0.25 [-0.80, 0.21] -1.15 0.254 0.02 F (1,81) =1.32 -0.32 0.30 [-0.93, 0.28] -1.07 0.290 0.26 0.24 F (19,57) =1.06 -0.26 0.27 [-0.80, 0.28] -0.96 0.340 0.25 0.23 F (19,56) =0.96 -0.3 0.26 [-0.81, 0.21] -1.16 0.248 0.09 0.07 F (4,76) =1.77
78 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 1.00 1.47 [-1.94, 3.93] 0.68 0.500 1.26 1.3 [-1.35, 3.87] 0.97 0.337
78 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano -0.70 0.62 [-1.93, 0.54] -1.13 0.264 -0.23 0.56 [-1.35, 0.89] -0.41 0.687
78 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White -0.13 0.51 [-1.16, 0.89] -0.26 0.794 -0.12 0.45 [-1.03, 0.79] -0.27 0.789
78 Ethnicity: Other 0.02 0.84 [-1.67, 1.71] 0.02 0.981 0 0.75 [-1.50, 1.50] 0 0.998
78 Age -0.06 0.06 [-0.18, 0.07] -0.94 0.352 -0.05 0.06 [-0.16, 0.06] -0.88 0.383
78 Parent Ed: BA 0.16 0.92 [-1.69, 2.02] 0.18 0.859 0.36 0.82 [-1.28, 2.00] 0.44 0.663
78 Parent Ed: doctoral 0.54 1.08 [-1.63, 2.70] 0.50 0.621 0.7 0.96 [-1.22, 2.63] 0.73 0.466
78 Parent Ed: HS 0.26 1.03 [-1.80, 2.33] 0.26 0.799 0.07 0.92 [-1.76, 1.91] 0.08 0.935
78 Parent Ed: no HS 0.42 1.45 [-2.49, 3.33] 0.29 0.773 0.41 1.29 [-2.17, 2.99] 0.32 0.753
78 Parent Ed: MA 0.44 0.95 [-1.46, 2.34] 0.46 0.644 0.47 0.84 [-1.21, 2.15] 0.56 0.576
78 Parent Ed: JD/MD 0.09 1.24 [-2.39, 2.57] 0.07 0.942 0.27 1.1 [-1.93, 2.47] 0.24 0.808
78 Parent Ed: csome college 0.33 0.98 [-1.62, 2.29] 0.34 0.734 0.31 0.86 [-1.43, 2.04] 0.35 0.724
78 Female -2.30 1.33 [-4.97, 0.37] -1.72 0.090. -2.08 1.18 [-4.45, 0.29] -1.76 0.084. -2.64 1.14 [-4.90, -0.37] -2.32 0.023*
78 Male -2.43 1.37 [-5.17, 0.31] -1.77 0.082. -2.07 1.22 [-4.51, 0.37] -1.7 0.094. -2.8 1.15 [-5.08, -0.52] -2.44 0.017*
78 Transgender -2.51 1.59 [-5.69, 0.67] -1.58 0.120 -2.27 1.41 [-5.10, 0.55] -1.61 0.112 -2.62 1.39 [-5.39, 0.16] -1.88 0.064.
78 Baseline Depression -0.03 0.02 [-0.06, 0.01] -1.35 0.182 -0.01 0.02 [-0.05, 0.02] -0.73 0.470
78 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.37 0.19 [-0.76, 0.02] -1.89 0.064. -0.39 0.17 [-0.73, -0.04] -2.25 0.028*
78 Task Engagement (post) 0.40 0.20 [0.00, 0.80] 2.00 0.050* 0.4 0.18 [0.05, 0.75] 2.27 0.027*
182 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.41 0.21 [-0.83, 0.01] -1.92 0.058. 0.04 F (1,81) =3.69 -0.20 0.26 [-0.71, 0.31] -0.77 0.443 0.25 0.21 F (19,57) =1.01 -0.19 0.23 [-0.65, 0.27] -0.84 0.403 0.3 0.25 F (19,55) =1.22 -0.3 0.22 [-0.74, 0.14] -1.36 0.177 0.09 0.05 F (2,75) =3.9
182 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan -0.64 1.24 [-3.12, 1.83] -0.52 0.604 -0.92 1.09 [-3.11, 1.26] -0.85 0.401
182 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano -0.45 0.52 [-1.49, 0.59] -0.87 0.390 -0.68 0.46 [-1.61, 0.25] -1.46 0.150
182 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White -0.21 0.43 [-1.08, 0.65] -0.49 0.625 -0.22 0.38 [-0.98, 0.54] -0.58 0.566
182 Ethnicity: Other 0.05 0.71 [-1.37, 1.48] 0.07 0.942 0.12 0.63 [-1.13, 1.37] 0.19 0.847
182 Age -0.01 0.05 [-0.11, 0.10] -0.13 0.900 -0.02 0.05 [-0.12, 0.07] -0.47 0.643
182 Parent Ed: BA 0.48 0.78 [-1.08, 2.04] 0.62 0.539 0.32 0.68 [-1.05, 1.69] 0.47 0.643
182 Parent Ed: doctoral 1.04 0.91 [-0.79, 2.86] 1.14 0.260 0.95 0.8 [-0.65, 2.55] 1.19 0.240
182 Parent Ed: HS 0.54 0.87 [-1.20, 2.29] 0.62 0.535 0.63 0.77 [-0.91, 2.16] 0.82 0.418
182 Parent Ed: no HS -0.19 1.23 [-2.64, 2.27] -0.15 0.880 -0.2 1.07 [-2.36, 1.95] -0.19 0.851
182 Parent Ed: MA 0.11 0.80 [-1.49, 1.71] 0.13 0.893 0.04 0.7 [-1.36, 1.44] 0.06 0.954
182 Parent Ed: JD/MD -0.11 1.04 [-2.19, 1.98] -0.10 0.919 -0.18 0.91 [-2.01, 1.65] -0.2 0.845
182 Parent Ed: csome college 0.54 0.82 [-1.11, 2.18] 0.66 0.515 0.25 0.73 [-1.21, 1.71] 0.34 0.732
182 Female 0.49 1.12 [-1.76, 2.74] 0.44 0.665 0.38 0.99 [-1.59, 2.36] 0.39 0.699
182 Male 0.73 1.15 [-1.57, 3.04] 0.64 0.527 0.73 1.01 [-1.29, 2.76] 0.73 0.471
182 Transgender 0.54 1.34 [-2.14, 3.22] 0.40 0.689 0.53 1.17 [-1.82, 2.88] 0.45 0.654
182 Baseline Depression -0.02 0.02 [-0.05, 0.01] -1.44 0.155 -0.02 0.01 [-0.05, 0.01] -1.59 0.117
182 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.24 0.16 [-0.56, 0.09] -1.44 0.156 -0.19 0.14 [-0.48, 0.10] -1.28 0.205
182 Task Engagement (post) 0.40 0.17 [0.06, 0.73] 2.37 0.021* 0.33 0.15 [0.04, 0.63] 2.25 0.029* 0.14 0.06 [0.01, 0.26] 2.15 0.035*
81 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.23 0.24 [-0.71, 0.25] -0.95 0.343 0.01 F (1,81) =0.91 -0.09 0.28 [-0.64, 0.47] -0.31 0.758 0.29 0.27 F (19,57) =1.2 -0.04 0.26 [-0.57, 0.48] -0.16 0.873 0.27 0.26 F (19,56) =1.09 -0.24 0.24 [-0.73, 0.24] -1.01 0.313 0.06 0.05 F (4,76) =1.21
81 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan -0.37 1.35 [-3.07, 2.32] -0.28 0.782 -0.19 1.27 [-2.74, 2.36] -0.15 0.881
81 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano -0.45 0.56 [-1.58, 0.68] -0.80 0.427 -0.13 0.54 [-1.22, 0.96] -0.24 0.808
81 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White -0.04 0.47 [-0.98, 0.90] -0.08 0.938 -0.03 0.44 [-0.92, 0.86] -0.06 0.949
81 Ethnicity: Other 1.11 0.77 [-0.44, 2.66] 1.43 0.158 1.09 0.73 [-0.37, 2.55] 1.49 0.141
81 Age -0.05 0.06 [-0.16, 0.07] -0.79 0.434 -0.04 0.05 [-0.15, 0.07] -0.71 0.481
81 Parent Ed: BA -0.27 0.85 [-1.96, 1.43] -0.31 0.754 -0.13 0.8 [-1.74, 1.47] -0.17 0.868
81 Parent Ed: doctoral 0.27 0.99 [-1.71, 2.26] 0.27 0.786 0.38 0.94 [-1.49, 2.26] 0.41 0.683
81 Parent Ed: HS 0.47 0.95 [-1.43, 2.36] 0.50 0.622 0.34 0.89 [-1.45, 2.13] 0.38 0.705
81 Parent Ed: no HS -0.71 1.33 [-3.38, 1.96] -0.53 0.596 -0.72 1.26 [-3.24, 1.80] -0.57 0.569
81 Parent Ed: MA 0.00 0.87 [-1.74, 1.74] 0.00 0.998 0.02 0.82 [-1.62, 1.66] 0.02 0.981
81 Parent Ed: JD/MD 0.44 1.13 [-1.83, 2.71] 0.39 0.698 0.56 1.07 [-1.58, 2.71] 0.53 0.601
81 Parent Ed: csome college -0.52 0.89 [-2.31, 1.27] -0.59 0.559 -0.54 0.84 [-2.23, 1.15] -0.64 0.523
81 Female -1.64 1.22 [-4.09, 0.81] -1.34 0.185 -1.49 1.16 [-3.81, 0.82] -1.29 0.202 -2.03 1.07 [-4.17, 0.11] -1.89 0.062.
81 Male -1.74 1.25 [-4.25, 0.77] -1.39 0.170 -1.5 1.19 [-3.88, 0.87] -1.27 0.211 -2.07 1.08 [-4.22, 0.09] -1.91 0.060.
81 Transgender -2.26 1.45 [-5.18, 0.65] -1.56 0.125 -2.1 1.37 [-4.86, 0.65] -1.53 0.131 -2.65 1.32 [-5.28, -0.03] -2.02 0.047*
81 Baseline Depression -0.03 0.02 [-0.06, 0.00] -1.77 0.083. -0.02 0.02 [-0.05, 0.01] -1.3 0.198
81 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.22 0.18 [-0.58, 0.13] -1.25 0.218 -0.24 0.17 [-0.57, 0.10] -1.4 0.166
81 Task Engagement (post) 0.25 0.18 [-0.12, 0.61] 1.36 0.178 0.25 0.17 [-0.10, 0.60] 1.45 0.152
Posterior Precuneus
199 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.14 0.25 [-0.64, 0.36] -0.56 0.580 0 F (1,81) =0.31 -0.12 0.31 [-0.75, 0.51] -0.38 0.707 0.18 0.18 F (19,57) =0.67 -0.06 0.29 [-0.64, 0.52] -0.21 0.835 0.21 0.2 F (19,56) =0.76 -0.1 0.25 [-0.59, 0.39] -0.41 0.685 0.05 0.05 F (2,78) =2.11
199 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 0.53 1.52 [-2.52, 3.57] 0.35 0.729 0.77 1.4 [-2.03, 3.57] 0.55 0.583
199 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano 0.06 0.64 [-1.22, 1.34] 0.09 0.928 0.48 0.6 [-0.72, 1.68] 0.8 0.425
199 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White 0.43 0.53 [-0.64, 1.49] 0.80 0.425 0.44 0.49 [-0.54, 1.41] 0.9 0.373
199 Ethnicity: Other 0.64 0.87 [-1.11, 2.39] 0.73 0.468 0.62 0.8 [-0.99, 2.23] 0.77 0.444
199 Age -0.06 0.07 [-0.20, 0.07] -1.00 0.322 -0.06 0.06 [-0.18, 0.06] -0.94 0.353
199 Parent Ed: BA -0.22 0.96 [-2.14, 1.70] -0.23 0.820 -0.04 0.88 [-1.81, 1.72] -0.05 0.961
199 Parent Ed: doctoral 0.16 1.12 [-2.08, 2.41] 0.14 0.886 0.31 1.03 [-1.75, 2.37] 0.3 0.763
199 Parent Ed: HS -0.24 1.07 [-2.38, 1.90] -0.22 0.823 -0.41 0.98 [-2.38, 1.56] -0.42 0.678
199 Parent Ed: no HS -0.23 1.51 [-3.24, 2.79] -0.15 0.881 -0.24 1.38 [-3.01, 2.53] -0.17 0.864
199 Parent Ed: MA -0.44 0.98 [-2.41, 1.52] -0.45 0.653 -0.41 0.9 [-2.22, 1.39] -0.46 0.648
199 Parent Ed: JD/MD -0.44 1.28 [-3.01, 2.12] -0.35 0.730 -0.28 1.18 [-2.64, 2.07] -0.24 0.810
199 Parent Ed: csome college -0.43 1.01 [-2.45, 1.59] -0.42 0.673 -0.45 0.93 [-2.31, 1.40] -0.49 0.627
199 Female 0.14 1.38 [-2.63, 2.91] 0.10 0.919 0.34 1.27 [-2.21, 2.88] 0.27 0.792
199 Male 0.50 1.42 [-2.34, 3.34] 0.35 0.724 0.82 1.3 [-1.79, 3.44] 0.63 0.530
199 Transgender 1.12 1.64 [-2.18, 4.41] 0.68 0.500 1.33 1.51 [-1.70, 4.35] 0.88 0.383
199 Baseline Depression -0.03 0.02 [-0.07, 0.01] -1.44 0.156 -0.02 0.02 [-0.05, 0.02] -0.89 0.376 -0.03 0.02 [-0.06, -0.00] -2.01 0.048*
199 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.18 0.20 [-0.59, 0.22] -0.91 0.366 -0.2 0.18 [-0.57, 0.17] -1.09 0.280
199 Task Engagement (post) 0.29 0.21 [-0.12, 0.70] 1.41 0.165 0.29 0.19 [-0.09, 0.67] 1.54 0.129
97 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.19 0.28 [-0.74, 0.36] -0.69 0.489 0.01 F (1,81) =0.48 -0.25 0.34 [-0.94, 0.44] -0.73 0.469 0.18 0.18 F (19,57) =0.67 -0.25 0.34 [-0.94, 0.44] -0.73 0.469 0.18 0.18 F (19,57) =0.67 -0.19 0.28 [-0.74, 0.36] -0.69 0.489 0.01 0 F (1,81) =0.48
97 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 1.08 1.66 [-2.24, 4.41] 0.65 0.516 1.08 1.66 [-2.24, 4.41] 0.65 0.516
97 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano 0.46 0.70 [-0.94, 1.85] 0.66 0.513 0.46 0.7 [-0.94, 1.85] 0.66 0.513
97 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White 0.74 0.58 [-0.42, 1.90] 1.27 0.208 0.74 0.58 [-0.42, 1.90] 1.27 0.208
97 Ethnicity: Other 0.73 0.95 [-1.18, 2.65] 0.77 0.445 0.73 0.95 [-1.18, 2.65] 0.77 0.445
97 Age -0.08 0.07 [-0.22, 0.06] -1.11 0.273 -0.08 0.07 [-0.22, 0.06] -1.11 0.273
97 Parent Ed: BA -0.11 1.04 [-2.21, 1.98] -0.11 0.913 -0.11 1.04 [-2.21, 1.98] -0.11 0.913
97 Parent Ed: doctoral 0.09 1.22 [-2.36, 2.53] 0.07 0.944 0.09 1.22 [-2.36, 2.53] 0.07 0.944
97 Parent Ed: HS -0.59 1.17 [-2.93, 1.75] -0.50 0.616 -0.59 1.17 [-2.93, 1.75] -0.5 0.616
97 Parent Ed: no HS -1.17 1.64 [-4.46, 2.12] -0.71 0.478 -1.17 1.64 [-4.46, 2.12] -0.71 0.478
97 Parent Ed: MA -0.82 1.07 [-2.96, 1.32] -0.77 0.447 -0.82 1.07 [-2.96, 1.32] -0.77 0.447
97 Parent Ed: JD/MD 0.11 1.40 [-2.68, 2.91] 0.08 0.935 0.11 1.4 [-2.68, 2.91] 0.08 0.935
97 Parent Ed: csome college -0.55 1.10 [-2.76, 1.65] -0.50 0.618 -0.55 1.1 [-2.76, 1.65] -0.5 0.618
97 Female 0.59 1.51 [-2.43, 3.61] 0.39 0.698 0.59 1.51 [-2.43, 3.61] 0.39 0.698
97 Male 1.00 1.55 [-2.10, 4.10] 0.65 0.520 1 1.55 [-2.10, 4.10] 0.65 0.520
97 Transgender 1.36 1.79 [-2.23, 4.96] 0.76 0.451 1.36 1.79 [-2.23, 4.96] 0.76 0.451
97 Baseline Depression 0.00 0.02 [-0.04, 0.04] -0.07 0.945 0 0.02 [-0.04, 0.04] -0.07 0.945
97 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.19 0.22 [-0.63, 0.25] -0.88 0.381 -0.19 0.22 [-0.63, 0.25] -0.88 0.381
97 Task Engagement (post) 0.30 0.23 [-0.15, 0.75] 1.32 0.192 0.3 0.23 [-0.15, 0.75] 1.32 0.192
177 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.13 0.29 [-0.70, 0.45] -0.44 0.659 0 F (1,81) =0.2 -0.32 0.36 [-1.04, 0.40] -0.88 0.380 0.19 0.19 F (19,57) =0.73 -0.71 0.33 [-1.37, -0.05] -2.17 0.034* 0.21 0.21 F (19,54) =0.76 -0.13 0.29 [-0.70, 0.45] -0.44 0.659 0 0 F (1,81) =0.2
177 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 0.22 1.74 [-3.26, 3.71] 0.13 0.898 1.59 1.56 [-1.55, 4.72] 1.02 0.314
177 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano 0.68 0.73 [-0.78, 2.15] 0.94 0.352 0.84 0.64 [-0.44, 2.12] 1.31 0.195
177 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White 0.77 0.61 [-0.45, 1.98] 1.26 0.212 0.69 0.54 [-0.39, 1.76] 1.28 0.205
177 Ethnicity: Other 1.00 1.00 [-1.00, 3.00] 1.00 0.322 1.01 0.88 [-0.75, 2.76] 1.15 0.255
177 Age -0.03 0.07 [-0.18, 0.12] -0.40 0.691 -0.01 0.07 [-0.14, 0.12] -0.21 0.837
177 Parent Ed: BA 0.81 1.10 [-1.38, 3.01] 0.74 0.460 0.9 0.96 [-1.03, 2.83] 0.93 0.355
177 Parent Ed: doctoral 0.80 1.28 [-1.76, 3.37] 0.63 0.534 0.81 1.12 [-1.44, 3.06] 0.72 0.472
177 Parent Ed: HS 0.87 1.22 [-1.58, 3.32] 0.71 0.478 -0.13 1.11 [-2.36, 2.11] -0.12 0.909
177 Parent Ed: no HS 2.44 1.72 [-1.01, 5.89] 1.42 0.162 2.37 1.51 [-0.65, 5.39] 1.58 0.121
177 Parent Ed: MA 0.19 1.12 [-2.06, 2.43] 0.17 0.869 0.24 0.98 [-1.72, 2.21] 0.25 0.805
177 Parent Ed: JD/MD -0.11 1.47 [-3.05, 2.82] -0.08 0.940 0.17 1.29 [-2.41, 2.75] 0.13 0.895
177 Parent Ed: csome college -0.05 1.16 [-2.36, 2.27] -0.04 0.966 0.3 1.02 [-1.75, 2.35] 0.29 0.773
177 Female -0.84 1.58 [-4.01, 2.32] -0.53 0.596 -0.98 1.38 [-3.75, 1.80] -0.71 0.483
177 Male -0.50 1.62 [-3.74, 2.75] -0.31 0.760 -0.79 1.42 [-3.64, 2.06] -0.55 0.582
177 Transgender -0.81 1.88 [-4.57, 2.96] -0.43 0.670 -1.16 1.65 [-4.46, 2.14] -0.7 0.484
177 Baseline Depression -0.03 0.02 [-0.08, 0.01] -1.42 0.161 -0.01 0.02 [-0.05, 0.04] -0.29 0.774
177 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.06 0.23 [-0.52, 0.40] -0.25 0.803 0.08 0.21 [-0.33, 0.50] 0.41 0.684
177 Task Engagement (post) 0.03 0.24 [-0.44, 0.50] 0.13 0.895 -0.08 0.21 [-0.50, 0.34] -0.39 0.695
82 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.22 0.23 [-0.67, 0.24] -0.95 0.343 0.01 F (1,81) =0.91 -0.20 0.27 [-0.74, 0.34] -0.76 0.453 0.24 0.23 F (19,57) =0.95 -0.2 0.27 [-0.74, 0.34] -0.76 0.453 0.24 0.23 F (19,57) =0.95 -0.22 0.23 [-0.67, 0.24] -0.95 0.343 0.01 0 F (1,81) =0.91
82 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan -0.95 1.30 [-3.56, 1.66] -0.73 0.469 -0.95 1.3 [-3.56, 1.66] -0.73 0.469
82 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano 0.46 0.55 [-0.63, 1.56] 0.85 0.399 0.46 0.55 [-0.63, 1.56] 0.85 0.399
82 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White 0.45 0.45 [-0.46, 1.36] 0.99 0.325 0.45 0.45 [-0.46, 1.36] 0.99 0.325
82 Ethnicity: Other 0.95 0.75 [-0.55, 2.45] 1.27 0.209 0.95 0.75 [-0.55, 2.45] 1.27 0.209
82 Age -0.03 0.06 [-0.14, 0.08] -0.56 0.575 -0.03 0.06 [-0.14, 0.08] -0.56 0.575
82 Parent Ed: BA 0.41 0.82 [-1.23, 2.05] 0.50 0.620 0.41 0.82 [-1.23, 2.05] 0.5 0.620
82 Parent Ed: doctoral 0.77 0.96 [-1.15, 2.69] 0.80 0.426 0.77 0.96 [-1.15, 2.69] 0.8 0.426
82 Parent Ed: HS 0.80 0.92 [-1.03, 2.64] 0.88 0.384 0.8 0.92 [-1.03, 2.64] 0.88 0.384
82 Parent Ed: no HS -0.96 1.29 [-3.54, 1.62] -0.74 0.460 -0.96 1.29 [-3.54, 1.62] -0.74 0.460
82 Parent Ed: MA 0.26 0.84 [-1.42, 1.94] 0.31 0.756 0.26 0.84 [-1.42, 1.94] 0.31 0.756
82 Parent Ed: JD/MD 0.71 1.10 [-1.48, 2.91] 0.65 0.518 0.71 1.1 [-1.48, 2.91] 0.65 0.518
82 Parent Ed: csome college 0.60 0.87 [-1.13, 2.33] 0.69 0.490 0.6 0.87 [-1.13, 2.33] 0.69 0.490
82 Female -1.58 1.18 [-3.95, 0.79] -1.33 0.189 -1.58 1.18 [-3.95, 0.79] -1.33 0.189
82 Male -0.96 1.21 [-3.39, 1.47] -0.79 0.433 -0.96 1.21 [-3.39, 1.47] -0.79 0.433
82 Transgender -1.96 1.41 [-4.78, 0.85] -1.40 0.168 -1.96 1.41 [-4.78, 0.85] -1.4 0.168
82 Baseline Depression -0.02 0.02 [-0.05, 0.01] -1.28 0.207 -0.02 0.02 [-0.05, 0.01] -1.28 0.207
82 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.02 0.17 [-0.36, 0.33] -0.10 0.923 -0.02 0.17 [-0.36, 0.33] -0.1 0.923
82 Task Engagement (post) 0.08 0.18 [-0.28, 0.43] 0.43 0.672 0.08 0.18 [-0.28, 0.43] 0.43 0.672
113 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.68 0.28 [-1.24, -0.11] -2.38 0.020* 0.07 F (1,81) =5.66 -0.69 0.34 [-1.38, -0.01] -2.02 0.048* 0.29 0.23 F (19,57) =1.24 -0.67 0.32 [-1.31, -0.03] -2.1 0.040* 0.32 0.25 F (19,56) =1.36 -0.66 0.28 [-1.22, -0.10] -2.33 0.022* 0.19 0.12 F (5,75) =3.46
113 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 1.04 1.66 [-2.28, 4.35] 0.63 0.534 1.02 1.55 [-2.08, 4.12] 0.66 0.513
113 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano 0.69 0.70 [-0.70, 2.09] 1.00 0.323 0.79 0.65 [-0.51, 2.10] 1.22 0.229
113 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White 0.30 0.58 [-0.86, 1.46] 0.52 0.609 0.44 0.54 [-0.65, 1.53] 0.81 0.419
113 Ethnicity: Other 1.00 0.95 [-0.91, 2.91] 1.05 0.299 0.96 0.89 [-0.83, 2.75] 1.08 0.286
113 Age 0.09 0.07 [-0.05, 0.23] 1.23 0.224 0.07 0.07 [-0.06, 0.20] 1.03 0.306
113 Parent Ed: BA 0.59 1.04 [-1.50, 2.68] 0.56 0.577 0.57 0.98 [-1.38, 2.53] 0.59 0.559
113 Parent Ed: doctoral 1.34 1.22 [-1.11, 3.79] 1.10 0.277 1.22 1.14 [-1.06, 3.51] 1.07 0.289
113 Parent Ed: HS 0.08 1.17 [-2.25, 2.42] 0.07 0.943 0.05 1.09 [-2.13, 2.23] 0.05 0.962
113 Parent Ed: no HS 2.12 1.64 [-1.17, 5.41] 1.29 0.202 2.1 1.53 [-0.97, 5.18] 1.37 0.176
113 Parent Ed: MA 0.32 1.07 [-1.82, 2.46] 0.30 0.763 0.2 1 [-1.80, 2.20] 0.2 0.843
113 Parent Ed: JD/MD 0.84 1.40 [-1.95, 3.64] 0.60 0.548 0.81 1.3 [-1.81, 3.42] 0.62 0.538
113 Parent Ed: csome college 0.06 1.10 [-2.15, 2.26] 0.05 0.960 -0.03 1.03 [-2.10, 2.03] -0.03 0.974
113 Female -1.95 1.51 [-4.97, 1.07] -1.29 0.201 -1.98 1.41 [-4.80, 0.84] -1.41 0.165 -3.07 1.26 [-5.58, -0.56] -2.43 0.017*
113 Male -2.24 1.54 [-5.33, 0.86] -1.45 0.153 -2.15 1.44 [-5.04, 0.74] -1.49 0.142 -3.31 1.28 [-5.86, -0.77] -2.6 0.011*
113 Transgender -1.63 1.79 [-5.22, 1.96] -0.91 0.368 -1.65 1.68 [-5.01, 1.70] -0.99 0.328 -2.74 1.54 [-5.81, 0.32] -1.78 0.079.
113 Baseline Depression -0.04 0.02 [-0.08, -0.00] -2.03 0.047* -0.04 0.02 [-0.08, -0.00] -2.25 0.028* -0.05 0.02 [-0.08, -0.01] -2.64 0.010*
113 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.16 0.22 [-0.60, 0.28] -0.72 0.476 -0.18 0.21 [-0.60, 0.23] -0.9 0.374
113 Task Engagement (post) 0.16 0.22 [-0.29, 0.61] 0.72 0.472 0.12 0.21 [-0.30, 0.54] 0.56 0.576
198 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.46 0.27 [-1.00, 0.08] -1.7 0.093. 0.03 F (1,81) =2.9 -0.49 0.36 [-1.21, 0.22] -1.38 0.172 0.15 0.12 F (19,57) =0.53 -0.28 0.3 [-0.89, 0.33] -0.91 0.365 0.15 0.12 F (19,54) =0.51 -0.46 0.27 [-1.00, 0.08] -1.7 0.093. 0.03 0 F (1,81) =2.9
198 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 1.28 1.73 [-2.18, 4.74] 0.74 0.463 1.47 1.45 [-1.45, 4.38] 1.01 0.317
198 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano 0.16 0.73 [-1.29, 1.61] 0.22 0.826 0.41 0.65 [-0.88, 1.70] 0.63 0.528
198 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White 0.38 0.60 [-0.83, 1.59] 0.63 0.531 0.4 0.51 [-0.62, 1.42] 0.79 0.432
198 Ethnicity: Other 0.33 0.99 [-1.67, 2.32] 0.33 0.744 0.4 0.84 [-1.28, 2.07] 0.47 0.639
198 Age -0.03 0.07 [-0.17, 0.12] -0.36 0.719 -0.03 0.06 [-0.15, 0.10] -0.47 0.642
198 Parent Ed: BA 0.12 1.09 [-2.06, 2.30] 0.11 0.911 0.25 0.92 [-1.59, 2.09] 0.27 0.785
198 Parent Ed: doctoral 0.68 1.27 [-1.87, 3.24] 0.54 0.593 0.64 1.07 [-1.52, 2.79] 0.59 0.556
198 Parent Ed: HS -0.01 1.22 [-2.44, 2.43] -0.01 0.996 -0.18 1.02 [-2.23, 1.87] -0.17 0.863
198 Parent Ed: no HS 1.11 1.71 [-2.32, 4.54] 0.65 0.520 0.8 1.44 [-2.08, 3.69] 0.56 0.579
198 Parent Ed: MA -0.14 1.12 [-2.37, 2.09] -0.13 0.901 -0.21 0.94 [-2.09, 1.67] -0.22 0.826
198 Parent Ed: JD/MD -0.01 1.46 [-2.92, 2.91] 0.00 0.997 0.16 1.22 [-2.29, 2.62] 0.13 0.895
198 Parent Ed: csome college -0.05 1.15 [-2.35, 2.25] -0.05 0.963 -0.21 0.97 [-2.15, 1.72] -0.22 0.826
198 Female -0.50 1.57 [-3.65, 2.65] -0.32 0.752 -0.26 1.32 [-2.91, 2.39] -0.2 0.846
198 Male -0.44 1.61 [-3.67, 2.79] -0.27 0.785 -0.27 1.36 [-3.00, 2.45] -0.2 0.842
198 Transgender 0.73 1.87 [-3.02, 4.47] 0.39 0.699 0.97 1.57 [-2.18, 4.13] 0.62 0.538
198 Baseline Depression -0.03 0.02 [-0.07, 0.02] -1.27 0.208 -0.01 0.02 [-0.05, 0.03] -0.54 0.593
198 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.05 0.23 [-0.51, 0.41] -0.23 0.819 -0.02 0.19 [-0.41, 0.37] -0.11 0.917
198 Task Engagement (post) 0.08 0.23 [-0.39, 0.55] 0.33 0.743 -0.01 0.2 [-0.41, 0.40] -0.03 0.978
71 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.45 0.32 [-1.09, 0.19] -1.4 0.166 0.02 F (1,81) =1.95 -0.51 0.41 [-1.32, 0.31] -1.25 0.217 0.18 0.16 F (19,57) =0.66 -0.79 0.38 [-1.54, -0.03] -2.09 0.041* 0.2 0.18 F (19,55) =0.73 -0.45 0.32 [-1.09, 0.19] -1.4 0.166 0.02 0 F (1,81) =1.95
71 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan -0.45 1.96 [-4.38, 3.48] -0.23 0.818 0.15 1.79 [-3.44, 3.75] 0.09 0.932
71 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano 1.07 0.82 [-0.58, 2.72] 1.30 0.199 1.11 0.75 [-0.39, 2.61] 1.49 0.142
71 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White 0.54 0.69 [-0.84, 1.91] 0.78 0.437 0.6 0.62 [-0.65, 1.85] 0.96 0.343
71 Ethnicity: Other 1.00 1.13 [-1.26, 3.26] 0.89 0.379 0.88 1.03 [-1.17, 2.94] 0.86 0.392
71 Age -0.02 0.08 [-0.19, 0.15] -0.26 0.795 -0.03 0.08 [-0.19, 0.12] -0.43 0.671
71 Parent Ed: BA 1.26 1.24 [-1.22, 3.73] 1.02 0.313 1.14 1.12 [-1.11, 3.40] 1.02 0.314
71 Parent Ed: doctoral 1.42 1.45 [-1.48, 4.31] 0.98 0.332 1.38 1.31 [-1.25, 4.02] 1.05 0.297
71 Parent Ed: HS 0.87 1.38 [-1.89, 3.64] 0.63 0.530 0.63 1.25 [-1.89, 3.14] 0.5 0.619
71 Parent Ed: no HS 1.65 1.94 [-2.24, 5.54] 0.85 0.400 1.85 1.77 [-1.69, 5.39] 1.05 0.299
71 Parent Ed: MA 0.55 1.27 [-1.98, 3.09] 0.43 0.665 0.66 1.15 [-1.65, 2.96] 0.57 0.571
71 Parent Ed: JD/MD 1.07 1.65 [-2.24, 4.38] 0.65 0.521 1.19 1.5 [-1.83, 4.20] 0.79 0.434
71 Parent Ed: csome college 0.46 1.30 [-2.15, 3.07] 0.35 0.724 0.34 1.18 [-2.03, 2.72] 0.29 0.774
71 Female -1.26 1.78 [-4.83, 2.31] -0.71 0.483 -1.13 1.62 [-4.38, 2.12] -0.7 0.488
71 Male -1.05 1.83 [-4.71, 2.61] -0.57 0.568 -0.9 1.66 [-4.23, 2.44] -0.54 0.592
71 Transgender -1.02 2.12 [-5.27, 3.23] -0.48 0.634 -1.18 1.93 [-5.04, 2.69] -0.61 0.544
71 Baseline Depression -0.03 0.02 [-0.08, 0.02] -1.34 0.184 -0.02 0.02 [-0.06, 0.03] -0.8 0.428
71 Task Engagement (baseline) 0.11 0.26 [-0.41, 0.63] 0.43 0.671 -0.02 0.24 [-0.51, 0.46] -0.09 0.931
71 Task Engagement (post) -0.12 0.27 [-0.65, 0.42] -0.44 0.664 -0.01 0.25 [-0.51, 0.48] -0.06 0.956
Dorsal Medial Prefrontal Cortex
91 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.43 0.2 [-0.83, -0.02] -2.1 0.039* 0.05 F (1,81) =4.41 -0.41 0.25 [-0.91, 0.09] -1.63 0.109 0.25 0.2 F (19,57) =0.99 -0.41 0.25 [-0.91, 0.09] -1.63 0.109 0.25 0.2 F (19,57) =0.99 -0.44 0.21 [-0.85, -0.03] -2.14 0.036* 0.15 0.1 F (5,75) =2.6
91 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan -1.49 1.21 [-3.91, 0.92] -1.24 0.221 -1.49 1.21 [-3.91, 0.92] -1.24 0.221 -0.97 0.97 [-2.91, 0.98] -0.99 0.325
91 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano 0.51 0.51 [-0.50, 1.52] 1.01 0.317 0.51 0.51 [-0.50, 1.52] 1.01 0.317 0.44 0.43 [-0.40, 1.29] 1.04 0.300
91 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White 0.69 0.42 [-0.15, 1.54] 1.64 0.106 0.69 0.42 [-0.15, 1.54] 1.64 0.106 0.65 0.37 [-0.08, 1.39] 1.76 0.082.
91 Ethnicity: Other 1.45 0.69 [0.06, 2.84] 2.09 0.041* 1.45 0.69 [0.06, 2.84] 2.09 0.041* 1.35 0.62 [0.11, 2.58] 2.18 0.033*
91 Age 0.01 0.05 [-0.10, 0.11] 0.11 0.911 0.01 0.05 [-0.10, 0.11] 0.11 0.911
91 Parent Ed: BA -0.60 0.76 [-2.12, 0.92] -0.79 0.435 -0.6 0.76 [-2.12, 0.92] -0.79 0.435
91 Parent Ed: doctoral -0.07 0.89 [-1.85, 1.71] -0.07 0.941 -0.07 0.89 [-1.85, 1.71] -0.07 0.941
91 Parent Ed: HS -0.15 0.85 [-1.85, 1.55] -0.18 0.857 -0.15 0.85 [-1.85, 1.55] -0.18 0.857
91 Parent Ed: no HS -2.02 1.19 [-4.42, 0.37] -1.69 0.096. -2.02 1.19 [-4.42, 0.37] -1.69 0.096.
91 Parent Ed: MA -0.43 0.78 [-1.99, 1.13] -0.55 0.582 -0.43 0.78 [-1.99, 1.13] -0.55 0.582
91 Parent Ed: JD/MD 0.04 1.02 [-2.00, 2.07] 0.04 0.970 0.04 1.02 [-2.00, 2.07] 0.04 0.970
91 Parent Ed: csome college -0.42 0.80 [-2.03, 1.18] -0.53 0.599 -0.42 0.8 [-2.03, 1.18] -0.53 0.599
91 Female -0.44 1.10 [-2.64, 1.75] -0.40 0.688 -0.44 1.1 [-2.64, 1.75] -0.4 0.688
91 Male -0.27 1.12 [-2.52, 1.98] -0.24 0.813 -0.27 1.12 [-2.52, 1.98] -0.24 0.813
91 Transgender -0.56 1.30 [-3.18, 2.05] -0.43 0.667 -0.56 1.3 [-3.18, 2.05] -0.43 0.667
91 Baseline Depression -0.01 0.02 [-0.04, 0.02] -0.81 0.424 -0.01 0.02 [-0.04, 0.02] -0.81 0.424
91 Task Engagement (baseline) 0.08 0.16 [-0.24, 0.40] 0.52 0.608 0.08 0.16 [-0.24, 0.40] 0.52 0.608
91 Task Engagement (post) -0.08 0.16 [-0.41, 0.24] -0.52 0.608 -0.08 0.16 [-0.41, 0.24] -0.52 0.608
89 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.53 0.28 [-1.09, 0.02] -1.93 0.057. 0.04 F (1,81) =3.72 -0.61 0.36 [-1.33, 0.11] -1.70 0.094. 0.18 0.13 F (19,57) =0.64 -0.46 0.34 [-1.14, 0.23] -1.34 0.187 0.19 0.14 F (19,56) =0.69 -0.53 0.28 [-1.09, 0.02] -1.93 0.057. 0.04 0 F (1,81) =3.72
89 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan -1.08 1.73 [-4.55, 2.39] -0.62 0.536 -1.51 1.64 [-4.79, 1.77] -0.92 0.360
89 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano 0.61 0.73 [-0.85, 2.06] 0.83 0.408 0.5 0.69 [-0.87, 1.88] 0.74 0.464
89 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White 0.57 0.60 [-0.64, 1.78] 0.95 0.348 0.58 0.57 [-0.56, 1.72] 1.01 0.315
89 Ethnicity: Other 1.14 1.00 [-0.86, 3.14] 1.14 0.258 1.02 0.94 [-0.86, 2.90] 1.09 0.282
89 Age -0.06 0.07 [-0.21, 0.08] -0.88 0.385 -0.05 0.07 [-0.19, 0.09] -0.68 0.498
89 Parent Ed: BA -1.15 1.09 [-3.34, 1.03] -1.06 0.296 -1 1.03 [-3.06, 1.05] -0.98 0.333
89 Parent Ed: doctoral -0.72 1.28 [-3.28, 1.83] -0.56 0.574 -0.46 1.21 [-2.87, 1.96] -0.38 0.705
89 Parent Ed: HS -0.99 1.22 [-3.43, 1.45] -0.81 0.421 -0.69 1.15 [-2.99, 1.62] -0.6 0.554
89 Parent Ed: no HS -1.36 1.72 [-4.80, 2.07] -0.79 0.431 -1.3 1.61 [-4.53, 1.94] -0.8 0.425
89 Parent Ed: MA -1.18 1.12 [-3.42, 1.06] -1.06 0.295 -0.77 1.06 [-2.90, 1.36] -0.73 0.471
89 Parent Ed: JD/MD -0.49 1.46 [-3.41, 2.43] -0.34 0.739 -0.43 1.37 [-3.19, 2.32] -0.32 0.753
89 Parent Ed: csome college -0.90 1.15 [-3.21, 1.40] -0.79 0.436 -0.64 1.09 [-2.82, 1.53] -0.59 0.556
89 Female 0.69 1.57 [-2.46, 3.85] 0.44 0.661 0.77 1.48 [-2.19, 3.74] 0.52 0.603
89 Male 0.78 1.61 [-2.45, 4.01] 0.48 0.630 1.1 1.52 [-1.96, 4.15] 0.72 0.475
89 Transgender 0.03 1.87 [-3.72, 3.78] 0.02 0.986 0.16 1.76 [-3.38, 3.69] 0.09 0.929
89 Baseline Depression -0.01 0.02 [-0.06, 0.03] -0.55 0.583 -0.02 0.02 [-0.06, 0.03] -0.75 0.457
89 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.23 0.23 [-0.69, 0.23] -1.00 0.322 -0.21 0.22 [-0.64, 0.23] -0.95 0.346
89 Task Engagement (post) 0.22 0.24 [-0.25, 0.69] 0.94 0.350 0.23 0.22 [-0.21, 0.67] 1.04 0.305
194 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.42 0.25 [-0.92, 0.08] -1.68 0.098. 0.03 F (1,81) =2.81 -0.49 0.33 [-1.15, 0.18] -1.47 0.148 0.15 0.11 F (19,57) =0.52 -0.34 0.31 [-0.97, 0.29] -1.08 0.285 0.15 0.12 F (19,56) =0.54 -0.42 0.25 [-0.92, 0.08] -1.68 0.098. 0.03 0 F (1,81) =2.81
194 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan -0.36 1.60 [-3.56, 2.84] -0.22 0.824 -0.77 1.5 [-3.78, 2.24] -0.51 0.610
194 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano 0.13 0.67 [-1.22, 1.47] 0.19 0.852 0.03 0.63 [-1.23, 1.29] 0.05 0.963
194 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White 0.15 0.56 [-0.97, 1.26] 0.26 0.793 0.15 0.52 [-0.90, 1.20] 0.29 0.773
194 Ethnicity: Other 0.83 0.92 [-1.01, 2.67] 0.90 0.370 0.72 0.86 [-1.01, 2.44] 0.83 0.410
194 Age -0.06 0.07 [-0.20, 0.07] -0.92 0.363 -0.05 0.06 [-0.18, 0.08] -0.72 0.473
194 Parent Ed: BA -0.94 1.01 [-2.96, 1.07] -0.94 0.353 -0.8 0.94 [-2.69, 1.09] -0.85 0.399
194 Parent Ed: doctoral -0.45 1.18 [-2.81, 1.91] -0.39 0.702 -0.2 1.11 [-2.42, 2.01] -0.18 0.856
194 Parent Ed: HS -1.19 1.12 [-3.44, 1.06] -1.06 0.294 -0.9 1.06 [-3.02, 1.21] -0.85 0.397
194 Parent Ed: no HS -0.49 1.58 [-3.65, 2.68] -0.31 0.760 -0.42 1.48 [-3.39, 2.54] -0.29 0.776
194 Parent Ed: MA -1.04 1.03 [-3.11, 1.02] -1.01 0.315 -0.65 0.97 [-2.60, 1.30] -0.67 0.507
194 Parent Ed: JD/MD -0.87 1.35 [-3.56, 1.83] -0.64 0.522 -0.81 1.26 [-3.34, 1.71] -0.65 0.521
194 Parent Ed: csome college -1.08 1.06 [-3.20, 1.05] -1.01 0.316 -0.83 1 [-2.82, 1.17] -0.83 0.411
194 Female 1.03 1.45 [-1.88, 3.94] 0.71 0.482 1.11 1.36 [-1.62, 3.83] 0.81 0.420
194 Male 0.99 1.49 [-1.99, 3.98] 0.67 0.508 1.29 1.4 [-1.51, 4.09] 0.92 0.359
194 Transgender 0.43 1.73 [-3.03, 3.90] 0.25 0.802 0.55 1.62 [-2.69, 3.80] 0.34 0.733
194 Baseline Depression 0.00 0.02 [-0.04, 0.04] -0.20 0.844 -0.01 0.02 [-0.05, 0.03] -0.38 0.705
194 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.29 0.21 [-0.72, 0.13] -1.38 0.174 -0.27 0.2 [-0.67, 0.13] -1.36 0.181
194 Task Engagement (post) 0.31 0.22 [-0.13, 0.74] 1.41 0.165 0.31 0.2 [-0.09, 0.72] 1.54 0.130
195 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.27 0.18 [-0.63, 0.08] -1.53 0.130 0.03 F (1,81) =2.33 -0.34 0.23 [-0.81, 0.12] -1.48 0.143 0.17 0.14 F (19,57) =0.59 -0.34 0.23 [-0.81, 0.12] -1.48 0.143 0.17 0.14 F (19,57) =0.59 -0.27 0.18 [-0.63, 0.08] -1.53 0.130 0.03 0 F (1,81) =2.33
195 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan -0.24 1.12 [-2.48, 2.00] -0.22 0.829 -0.24 1.12 [-2.48, 2.00] -0.22 0.829
195 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano 0.57 0.47 [-0.37, 1.51] 1.22 0.229 0.57 0.47 [-0.37, 1.51] 1.22 0.229
195 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White 0.45 0.39 [-0.33, 1.23] 1.15 0.255 0.45 0.39 [-0.33, 1.23] 1.15 0.255
195 Ethnicity: Other 0.95 0.64 [-0.34, 2.24] 1.48 0.145 0.95 0.64 [-0.34, 2.24] 1.48 0.145
195 Age 0.00 0.05 [-0.09, 0.10] 0.06 0.954 0 0.05 [-0.09, 0.10] 0.06 0.954
195 Parent Ed: BA -0.44 0.70 [-1.85, 0.97] -0.63 0.533 -0.44 0.7 [-1.85, 0.97] -0.63 0.533
195 Parent Ed: doctoral 0.06 0.82 [-1.59, 1.71] 0.07 0.942 0.06 0.82 [-1.59, 1.71] 0.07 0.942
195 Parent Ed: HS -0.57 0.79 [-2.14, 1.01] -0.72 0.475 -0.57 0.79 [-2.14, 1.01] -0.72 0.475
195 Parent Ed: no HS -0.87 1.11 [-3.09, 1.35] -0.78 0.436 -0.87 1.11 [-3.09, 1.35] -0.78 0.436
195 Parent Ed: MA -0.43 0.72 [-1.87, 1.02] -0.60 0.554 -0.43 0.72 [-1.87, 1.02] -0.6 0.554
195 Parent Ed: JD/MD -0.29 0.94 [-2.18, 1.59] -0.31 0.757 -0.29 0.94 [-2.18, 1.59] -0.31 0.757
195 Parent Ed: csome college -0.53 0.74 [-2.02, 0.96] -0.71 0.480 -0.53 0.74 [-2.02, 0.96] -0.71 0.480
195 Female -0.59 1.02 [-2.63, 1.44] -0.58 0.563 -0.59 1.02 [-2.63, 1.44] -0.58 0.563
195 Male -0.34 1.04 [-2.42, 1.75] -0.32 0.749 -0.34 1.04 [-2.42, 1.75] -0.32 0.749
195 Transgender -0.70 1.21 [-3.12, 1.72] -0.58 0.565 -0.7 1.21 [-3.12, 1.72] -0.58 0.565
195 Baseline Depression 0.00 0.01 [-0.03, 0.02] -0.24 0.813 0 0.01 [-0.03, 0.02] -0.24 0.813
195 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.07 0.15 [-0.37, 0.22] -0.49 0.623 -0.07 0.15 [-0.37, 0.22] -0.49 0.623
195 Task Engagement (post) 0.07 0.15 [-0.23, 0.37] 0.46 0.651 0.07 0.15 [-0.23, 0.37] 0.46 0.651
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus
43 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.13 0.26 [-0.65, 0.39] -0.5 0.620 0 F (1,81) =0.25 0.07 0.31 [-0.55, 0.69] 0.22 0.825 0.3 0.3 F (19,57) =1.29 0.07 0.19 [-0.31, 0.45] 0.36 0.721 0.42 0.42 F (19,52) =2 -0.11 0.26 [-0.63, 0.41] -0.43 0.665 0.07 0.07 F (2,78) =3.01
43 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan -1.50 1.51 [-4.51, 1.51] -1.00 0.323 -0.82 0.9 [-2.63, 0.98] -0.92 0.363
43 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano -0.56 0.63 [-1.82, 0.71] -0.88 0.381 0.24 0.39 [-0.53, 1.01] 0.62 0.535
43 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White -0.22 0.53 [-1.27, 0.83] -0.42 0.677 -0.12 0.31 [-0.75, 0.50] -0.4 0.693
43 Ethnicity: Other 0.36 0.87 [-1.38, 2.09] 0.41 0.681 0.37 0.52 [-0.67, 1.40] 0.71 0.481
43 Age 0.07 0.06 [-0.06, 0.20] 1.09 0.281 0.06 0.04 [-0.02, 0.14] 1.5 0.139
43 Parent Ed: BA -1.08 0.95 [-2.98, 0.82] -1.14 0.260 -0.92 0.57 [-2.05, 0.22] -1.62 0.112
43 Parent Ed: doctoral -0.03 1.11 [-2.25, 2.19] -0.03 0.980 -0.04 0.66 [-1.37, 1.29] -0.06 0.956
43 Parent Ed: HS 0.14 1.06 [-1.98, 2.26] 0.13 0.898 -0.38 0.63 [-1.65, 0.89] -0.6 0.553
43 Parent Ed: no HS 1.12 1.49 [-1.87, 4.10] 0.75 0.457 1.06 0.89 [-0.72, 2.84] 1.2 0.236
43 Parent Ed: MA -0.44 0.97 [-2.39, 1.50] -0.46 0.649 -0.74 0.58 [-1.91, 0.43] -1.27 0.209
43 Parent Ed: JD/MD -1.05 1.27 [-3.59, 1.49] -0.83 0.412 -0.84 0.75 [-2.36, 0.67] -1.12 0.268
43 Parent Ed: csome college -0.21 1.00 [-2.21, 1.79] -0.21 0.834 -0.49 0.6 [-1.68, 0.71] -0.82 0.418
43 Female -1.30 1.37 [-4.04, 1.44] -0.95 0.346 -1.04 0.81 [-2.67, 0.59] -1.28 0.208
43 Male -1.40 1.40 [-4.21, 1.41] -1.00 0.324 -0.99 0.84 [-2.67, 0.69] -1.18 0.243
43 Transgender -1.35 1.63 [-4.61, 1.91] -0.83 0.410 -1.11 0.97 [-3.05, 0.84] -1.14 0.258
43 Baseline Depression -0.06 0.02 [-0.10, -0.02] -3.31 0.002** -0.04 0.01 [-0.06, -0.02] -3.46 0.001** -0.04 0.02 [-0.07, -0.01] -2.41 0.018*
43 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.03 0.20 [-0.43, 0.37] -0.13 0.893 -0.09 0.12 [-0.33, 0.15] -0.76 0.449
43 Task Engagement (post) 0.06 0.20 [-0.34, 0.47] 0.32 0.753 0.04 0.12 [-0.20, 0.29] 0.35 0.730
50 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.06 0.22 [-0.49, 0.37] -0.29 0.770 0 F (1,81) =0.09 -0.01 0.25 [-0.51, 0.50] -0.02 0.982 0.31 0.31 F (19,57) =1.36 0.04 0.21 [-0.38, 0.46] 0.17 0.863 0.34 0.33 F (19,53) =1.41 -0.1 0.22 [-0.55, 0.34] -0.47 0.641 0.06 0.06 F (4,76) =1.24
50 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan -0.46 1.21 [-2.88, 1.97] -0.38 0.708 -0.39 0.99 [-2.38, 1.61] -0.39 0.698
50 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano -0.59 0.51 [-1.61, 0.43] -1.15 0.253 -0.42 0.43 [-1.27, 0.44] -0.98 0.332
50 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White -0.30 0.42 [-1.15, 0.55] -0.71 0.481 -0.09 0.35 [-0.79, 0.61] -0.25 0.803
50 Ethnicity: Other 0.74 0.70 [-0.66, 2.13] 1.05 0.296 0.73 0.57 [-0.41, 1.88] 1.28 0.204
50 Age 0.02 0.05 [-0.08, 0.12] 0.39 0.695 0.01 0.04 [-0.08, 0.09] 0.19 0.850
50 Parent Ed: BA -1.30 0.76 [-2.83, 0.23] -1.71 0.093. -1.04 0.63 [-2.30, 0.22] -1.66 0.103
50 Parent Ed: doctoral -0.86 0.89 [-2.65, 0.93] -0.96 0.339 -0.85 0.73 [-2.32, 0.62] -1.16 0.253
50 Parent Ed: HS -0.49 0.85 [-2.20, 1.21] -0.58 0.566 -0.47 0.7 [-1.87, 0.94] -0.67 0.507
50 Parent Ed: no HS 0.64 1.20 [-1.76, 3.05] 0.54 0.594 0.65 0.98 [-1.32, 2.62] 0.66 0.512
50 Parent Ed: MA -0.83 0.78 [-2.39, 0.74] -1.06 0.294 -0.73 0.65 [-2.03, 0.56] -1.13 0.262
50 Parent Ed: JD/MD -1.68 1.02 [-3.72, 0.37] -1.64 0.106 -1.53 0.84 [-3.21, 0.16] -1.82 0.074.
50 Parent Ed: csome college -1.09 0.80 [-2.71, 0.52] -1.36 0.180 -1.09 0.66 [-2.41, 0.24] -1.64 0.107
50 Female -1.32 1.10 [-3.52, 0.89] -1.19 0.237 -1.24 0.9 [-3.06, 0.57] -1.38 0.175 -1.5 0.99 [-3.47, 0.46] -1.52 0.132
50 Male -1.59 1.13 [-3.85, 0.67] -1.41 0.164 -1.33 0.93 [-3.20, 0.53] -1.43 0.158 -1.64 0.99 [-3.63, 0.34] -1.65 0.102
50 Transgender -2.24 1.31 [-4.87, 0.38] -1.71 0.092. -2.33 1.08 [-4.48, -0.17] -2.16 0.035* -2.56 1.21 [-4.97, -0.15] -2.12 0.038*
50 Baseline Depression -0.03 0.02 [-0.06, 0.01] -1.66 0.103 -0.01 0.01 [-0.04, 0.01] -1.1 0.276
50 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.23 0.16 [-0.55, 0.09] -1.44 0.156 -0.21 0.13 [-0.48, 0.05] -1.61 0.114
50 Task Engagement (post) 0.21 0.16 [-0.12, 0.54] 1.27 0.209 0.18 0.14 [-0.10, 0.45] 1.29 0.202
69 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.34 0.21 [-0.75, 0.08] -1.61 0.112 0.03 F (1,81) =2.58 -0.36 0.27 [-0.90, 0.18] -1.34 0.186 0.15 0.12 F (19,57) =0.53 -0.25 0.25 [-0.75, 0.24] -1.03 0.307 0.14 0.11 F (19,55) =0.47 -0.34 0.21 [-0.75, 0.08] -1.61 0.112 0.03 0 F (1,81) =2.58
69 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan -0.58 1.30 [-3.18, 2.02] -0.45 0.656 -0.44 1.18 [-2.82, 1.93] -0.37 0.710
69 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano 0.06 0.55 [-1.03, 1.15] 0.10 0.917 0.27 0.51 [-0.75, 1.29] 0.53 0.599
69 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White 0.20 0.45 [-0.71, 1.11] 0.44 0.661 0.24 0.41 [-0.59, 1.07] 0.57 0.568
69 Ethnicity: Other 0.38 0.75 [-1.12, 1.87] 0.50 0.617 0.39 0.68 [-0.97, 1.76] 0.58 0.565
69 Age 0.04 0.06 [-0.07, 0.15] 0.76 0.451 0.04 0.05 [-0.06, 0.14] 0.83 0.411
69 Parent Ed: BA -0.41 0.82 [-2.05, 1.23] -0.50 0.618 -0.21 0.75 [-1.70, 1.29] -0.28 0.784
69 Parent Ed: doctoral 0.00 0.96 [-1.91, 1.92] 0.00 0.997 0.05 0.87 [-1.69, 1.80] 0.06 0.951
69 Parent Ed: HS -0.01 0.91 [-1.84, 1.82] -0.01 0.989 -0.09 0.83 [-1.76, 1.58] -0.11 0.914
69 Parent Ed: no HS 0.32 1.29 [-2.26, 2.89] 0.25 0.806 0.28 1.17 [-2.07, 2.63] 0.24 0.812
69 Parent Ed: MA -0.36 0.84 [-2.04, 1.31] -0.43 0.667 -0.36 0.76 [-1.88, 1.17] -0.47 0.643
69 Parent Ed: JD/MD -0.41 1.09 [-2.60, 1.79] -0.37 0.712 -0.3 1 [-2.30, 1.69] -0.3 0.762
69 Parent Ed: csome college -0.27 0.86 [-2.00, 1.45] -0.32 0.752 -0.31 0.79 [-1.89, 1.26] -0.4 0.694
69 Female -0.43 1.18 [-2.79, 1.94] -0.36 0.719 -0.26 1.08 [-2.42, 1.90] -0.24 0.811
69 Male -0.26 1.21 [-2.68, 2.16] -0.21 0.831 -0.07 1.11 [-2.28, 2.15] -0.06 0.952
69 Transgender -0.86 1.40 [-3.67, 1.96] -0.61 0.545 -0.75 1.28 [-3.32, 1.81] -0.59 0.559
69 Baseline Depression -0.02 0.02 [-0.06, 0.01] -1.35 0.182 -0.01 0.02 [-0.04, 0.02] -0.88 0.385
69 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.16 0.17 [-0.50, 0.19] -0.91 0.367 -0.17 0.16 [-0.48, 0.15] -1.08 0.286
69 Task Engagement (post) 0.18 0.18 [-0.17, 0.53] 1.01 0.317 0.2 0.16 [-0.12, 0.52] 1.26 0.214
58 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course 0.11 0.27 [-0.43, 0.66] 0.42 0.675 0 F (1,81) =0.18 0.38 0.34 [-0.29, 1.06] 1.14 0.258 0.2 0.2 F (19,57) =0.75 0.34 0.23 [-0.12, 0.79] 1.49 0.142 0.28 0.28 F (19,55) =1.14 0.11 0.27 [-0.43, 0.66] 0.42 0.675 0 0 F (1,81) =0.18
58 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 0.33 1.62 [-2.92, 3.58] 0.20 0.840 0.75 1.08 [-1.43, 2.92] 0.69 0.493
58 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano -0.24 0.68 [-1.61, 1.12] -0.36 0.721 0.5 0.47 [-0.43, 1.43] 1.08 0.287
58 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White -0.06 0.57 [-1.19, 1.08] -0.10 0.920 0.12 0.38 [-0.64, 0.88] 0.31 0.754
58 Ethnicity: Other 0.92 0.93 [-0.95, 2.79] 0.99 0.329 0.88 0.62 [-0.37, 2.13] 1.41 0.165
58 Age 0.02 0.07 [-0.11, 0.16] 0.35 0.724 0.05 0.05 [-0.05, 0.14] 1 0.320
58 Parent Ed: BA -1.22 1.02 [-3.27, 0.83] -1.19 0.238 -0.73 0.69 [-2.10, 0.65] -1.06 0.294
58 Parent Ed: doctoral -0.27 1.20 [-2.66, 2.13] -0.22 0.823 0.16 0.8 [-1.45, 1.76] 0.19 0.847
58 Parent Ed: HS 0.18 1.14 [-2.11, 2.46] 0.16 0.876 0.04 0.76 [-1.49, 1.57] 0.05 0.962
58 Parent Ed: no HS -1.40 1.61 [-4.62, 1.82] -0.87 0.387 -1.31 1.07 [-3.46, 0.84] -1.22 0.227
58 Parent Ed: MA -0.73 1.05 [-2.83, 1.37] -0.70 0.488 -0.32 0.7 [-1.73, 1.09] -0.45 0.653
58 Parent Ed: JD/MD -0.74 1.37 [-3.48, 2.00] -0.54 0.590 -0.24 0.92 [-2.08, 1.59] -0.26 0.792
58 Parent Ed: csome college -0.22 1.08 [-2.38, 1.94] -0.20 0.839 -0.06 0.72 [-1.50, 1.39] -0.08 0.937
58 Female 0.00 1.48 [-2.95, 2.96] 0.00 0.999 0.27 0.99 [-1.71, 2.25] 0.27 0.785
58 Male -0.22 1.51 [-3.25, 2.81] -0.14 0.885 0.53 1.01 [-1.51, 2.56] 0.52 0.606
58 Transgender 0.57 1.76 [-2.94, 4.08] 0.32 0.747 0.71 1.17 [-1.64, 3.06] 0.6 0.549
58 Baseline Depression -0.03 0.02 [-0.07, 0.01] -1.65 0.104 0 0.01 [-0.03, 0.03] -0.15 0.882
58 Task Engagement (baseline) 0.17 0.21 [-0.26, 0.60] 0.79 0.434 0.22 0.14 [-0.07, 0.51] 1.54 0.129
58 Task Engagement (post) -0.10 0.22 [-0.54, 0.34] -0.47 0.642 -0.16 0.15 [-0.46, 0.13] -1.11 0.272
Anterior Insula
154 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.03 0.2 [-0.44, 0.37] -0.16 0.872 0 F (1,81) =0.03 -0.17 0.24 [-0.64, 0.30] -0.71 0.480 0.34 0.34 F (19,57) =1.57 -0.13 0.22 [-0.57, 0.31] -0.59 0.557 0.3 0.3 F (19,55) =1.25 -0.03 0.21 [-0.44, 0.38] -0.14 0.887 0.05 0.05 F (2,78) =2.1
154 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 0.28 1.14 [-2.01, 2.56] 0.24 0.810 0.23 1.08 [-1.93, 2.38] 0.21 0.835
154 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano -0.32 0.48 [-1.27, 0.64] -0.66 0.513 -0.07 0.46 [-0.98, 0.85] -0.15 0.885
154 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White -0.17 0.40 [-0.96, 0.63] -0.42 0.677 -0.06 0.38 [-0.82, 0.69] -0.16 0.870
154 Ethnicity: Other 0.77 0.66 [-0.54, 2.08] 1.17 0.246 0.88 0.62 [-0.36, 2.12] 1.42 0.161
154 Age -0.08 0.05 [-0.17, 0.02] -1.54 0.129 -0.01 0.06 [-0.13, 0.12] -0.08 0.933
154 Parent Ed: BA -1.42 0.72 [-2.86, 0.02] -1.98 0.053. -0.9 0.72 [-2.34, 0.53] -1.26 0.213
154 Parent Ed: doctoral -1.40 0.84 [-3.08, 0.28] -1.67 0.101 -0.84 0.84 [-2.52, 0.83] -1.01 0.316
154 Parent Ed: HS -1.43 0.80 [-3.04, 0.17] -1.79 0.080. -0.84 0.86 [-2.56, 0.89] -0.97 0.335
154 Parent Ed: no HS 1.21 1.13 [-1.05, 3.47] 1.07 0.290 1.15 1.06 [-0.97, 3.27] 1.09 0.283
154 Parent Ed: MA -1.23 0.74 [-2.70, 0.25] -1.67 0.101 -0.79 0.73 [-2.26, 0.68] -1.07 0.288
154 Parent Ed: JD/MD -1.88 0.96 [-3.80, 0.04] -1.96 0.055. -1.38 0.93 [-3.25, 0.49] -1.48 0.144
154 Parent Ed: csome college -1.37 0.76 [-2.88, 0.15] -1.81 0.076. -1.02 0.74 [-2.51, 0.46] -1.38 0.172
154 Female -1.36 1.04 [-3.43, 0.72] -1.31 0.195 -1.02 0.98 [-2.99, 0.94] -1.04 0.302
154 Male -1.69 1.06 [-3.82, 0.44] -1.59 0.118 -1.31 1 [-3.32, 0.70] -1.31 0.196
154 Transgender -2.47 1.23 [-4.93, 0.00] -2.00 0.050. -2.14 1.16 [-4.47, 0.19] -1.84 0.071.
154 Baseline Depression -0.03 0.01 [-0.06, -0.00] -2.05 0.045* -0.02 0.01 [-0.05, 0.01] -1.39 0.171 -0.03 0.01 [-0.05, -0.00] -2.04 0.045*
154 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.22 0.15 [-0.52, 0.08] -1.44 0.154 -0.23 0.14 [-0.51, 0.05] -1.63 0.108
154 Task Engagement (post) 0.13 0.15 [-0.18, 0.44] 0.83 0.410 0.14 0.14 [-0.15, 0.43] 0.95 0.349
155 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course 0.06 0.24 [-0.43, 0.55] 0.25 0.807 0 F (1,81) =0.06 0.05 0.28 [-0.51, 0.61] 0.18 0.855 0.35 0.35 F (19,57) =1.62 0.19 0.2 [-0.21, 0.59] 0.94 0.353 0.39 0.39 F (19,53) =1.78 0.03 0.24 [-0.45, 0.51] 0.12 0.908 0.13 0.12 F (3,76) =3.62
155 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 0.37 1.35 [-2.33, 3.07] 0.27 0.787 0.64 0.95 [-1.27, 2.55] 0.67 0.505
155 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano -0.99 0.57 [-2.12, 0.15] -1.74 0.086. -0.47 0.41 [-1.29, 0.35] -1.15 0.256
155 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White -0.34 0.47 [-1.28, 0.60] -0.73 0.471 -0.18 0.33 [-0.85, 0.49] -0.54 0.593
155 Ethnicity: Other 0.25 0.78 [-1.30, 1.81] 0.33 0.744 0.34 0.55 [-0.76, 1.44] 0.62 0.537
155 Age -0.04 0.06 [-0.15, 0.08] -0.65 0.517 -0.03 0.04 [-0.11, 0.05] -0.81 0.421
155 Parent Ed: BA -0.95 0.85 [-2.65, 0.75] -1.12 0.268 -0.52 0.6 [-1.72, 0.69] -0.86 0.394
155 Parent Ed: doctoral -0.50 0.99 [-2.49, 1.49] -0.50 0.617 -0.38 0.7 [-1.79, 1.02] -0.55 0.586
155 Parent Ed: HS -0.59 0.95 [-2.49, 1.31] -0.62 0.539 -0.71 0.67 [-2.05, 0.64] -1.05 0.297
155 Parent Ed: no HS 0.76 1.34 [-1.91, 3.44] 0.57 0.570 0.62 0.94 [-1.27, 2.51] 0.66 0.515
155 Parent Ed: MA -0.33 0.87 [-2.07, 1.41] -0.38 0.707 -0.19 0.62 [-1.43, 1.05] -0.3 0.763
155 Parent Ed: JD/MD -1.37 1.14 [-3.64, 0.91] -1.21 0.233 -1.07 0.8 [-2.68, 0.54] -1.33 0.188
155 Parent Ed: csome college -0.73 0.90 [-2.53, 1.06] -0.82 0.418 -0.75 0.63 [-2.02, 0.52] -1.18 0.243
155 Female -0.25 1.23 [-2.70, 2.21] -0.20 0.840 -0.05 0.87 [-1.78, 1.69] -0.05 0.957
155 Male -0.74 1.26 [-3.25, 1.78] -0.59 0.560 -0.41 0.89 [-2.20, 1.37] -0.46 0.645
155 Transgender -1.18 1.46 [-4.11, 1.74] -0.81 0.420 -1.12 1.03 [-3.18, 0.95] -1.09 0.282
155 Baseline Depression -0.04 0.02 [-0.07, -0.01] -2.34 0.023* -0.02 0.01 [-0.04, 0.01] -1.54 0.129 -0.04 0.01 [-0.07, -0.01] -2.43 0.017*
155 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.39 0.18 [-0.75, -0.04] -2.20 0.032* -0.33 0.13 [-0.58, -0.07] -2.54 0.014* -0.14 0.07 [-0.27, -0.00] -2.03 0.046*
155 Task Engagement (post) 0.28 0.18 [-0.09, 0.65] 1.53 0.130 0.21 0.13 [-0.05, 0.47] 1.6 0.117
83 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.2 0.2 [-0.60, 0.20] -0.99 0.325 0.01 F (1,81) =0.98 -0.21 0.25 [-0.70, 0.29] -0.83 0.410 0.23 0.22 F (19,57) =0.92 -0.29 0.23 [-0.76, 0.17] -1.26 0.214 0.27 0.26 F (19,56) =1.11 -0.21 0.21 [-0.62, 0.20] -1.01 0.314 0.13 0.12 F (5,75) =2.32
83 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 1.10 1.20 [-1.30, 3.49] 0.92 0.363 1.16 1.11 [-1.07, 3.39] 1.04 0.303 1.28 0.97 [-0.65, 3.21] 1.32 0.191
83 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano 0.08 0.50 [-0.92, 1.09] 0.17 0.869 0.12 0.47 [-0.82, 1.06] 0.26 0.796 0.01 0.42 [-0.84, 0.85] 0.01 0.989
83 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White 0.33 0.42 [-0.51, 1.16] 0.78 0.437 0.3 0.39 [-0.48, 1.08] 0.77 0.444 0.21 0.37 [-0.52, 0.94] 0.57 0.567
83 Ethnicity: Other 1.77 0.69 [0.39, 3.14] 2.57 0.013* 1.73 0.64 [0.44, 3.02] 2.7 0.009** 1.69 0.62 [0.46, 2.92] 2.74 0.008**
83 Age -0.01 0.05 [-0.12, 0.09] -0.27 0.791 -0.02 0.05 [-0.11, 0.08] -0.35 0.729
83 Parent Ed: BA -0.57 0.75 [-2.08, 0.94] -0.76 0.452 -0.7 0.7 [-2.11, 0.71] -0.99 0.325
83 Parent Ed: doctoral -0.50 0.88 [-2.26, 1.27] -0.56 0.575 -0.51 0.82 [-2.15, 1.14] -0.62 0.539
83 Parent Ed: HS -0.21 0.84 [-1.89, 1.47] -0.25 0.803 -0.29 0.78 [-1.86, 1.28] -0.37 0.711
83 Parent Ed: no HS -0.67 1.18 [-3.04, 1.70] -0.57 0.574 -0.63 1.1 [-2.84, 1.58] -0.57 0.571
83 Parent Ed: MA -0.73 0.77 [-2.28, 0.81] -0.95 0.346 -0.77 0.72 [-2.22, 0.67] -1.08 0.286
83 Parent Ed: JD/MD -0.20 1.01 [-2.22, 1.81] -0.20 0.841 -0.21 0.94 [-2.09, 1.67] -0.23 0.821
83 Parent Ed: csome college -0.98 0.79 [-2.57, 0.61] -1.24 0.221 -1.01 0.74 [-2.50, 0.47] -1.37 0.177
83 Female 0.09 1.09 [-2.09, 2.27] 0.08 0.935 0.05 1.01 [-1.98, 2.08] 0.05 0.960
83 Male 0.15 1.11 [-2.08, 2.39] 0.14 0.891 0.17 1.04 [-1.91, 2.26] 0.17 0.867
83 Transgender -0.16 1.29 [-2.75, 2.43] -0.12 0.904 -0.15 1.21 [-2.57, 2.27] -0.12 0.901
83 Baseline Depression -0.01 0.02 [-0.04, 0.02] -0.68 0.497 -0.01 0.01 [-0.04, 0.02] -0.6 0.554
83 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.22 0.16 [-0.54, 0.10] -1.38 0.173 -0.22 0.15 [-0.52, 0.07] -1.52 0.134
83 Task Engagement (post) 0.22 0.16 [-0.11, 0.54] 1.34 0.186 0.2 0.15 [-0.10, 0.50] 1.32 0.192
47 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course 0.1 0.18 [-0.26, 0.45] 0.54 0.591 0 F (1,81) =0.29 0.10 0.23 [-0.36, 0.55] 0.42 0.677 0.15 0.15 F (19,57) =0.55 0.16 0.22 [-0.28, 0.59] 0.72 0.476 0.16 0.15 F (19,56) =0.54 0.09 0.19 [-0.28, 0.46] 0.5 0.619 0.08 0.07 F (5,75) =1.27
47 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 1.91 1.11 [-0.31, 4.13] 1.72 0.091. 1.9 1.05 [-0.20, 4.00] 1.81 0.076. 1.75 0.87 [0.02, 3.49] 2.01 0.048*
47 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano 0.29 0.47 [-0.64, 1.22] 0.62 0.537 0.25 0.44 [-0.64, 1.13] 0.56 0.576 0.28 0.38 [-0.48, 1.04] 0.74 0.462
47 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White 0.04 0.39 [-0.74, 0.81] 0.09 0.925 0.06 0.37 [-0.67, 0.80] 0.17 0.863 0.1 0.33 [-0.56, 0.76] 0.31 0.755
47 Ethnicity: Other 0.48 0.64 [-0.79, 1.76] 0.76 0.452 0.51 0.6 [-0.70, 1.72] 0.84 0.403 0.64 0.55 [-0.46, 1.75] 1.16 0.250
47 Age 0.04 0.05 [-0.06, 0.13] 0.82 0.413 0.03 0.04 [-0.06, 0.12] 0.76 0.450
47 Parent Ed: BA -0.28 0.70 [-1.67, 1.12] -0.40 0.693 -0.19 0.66 [-1.52, 1.13] -0.29 0.772
47 Parent Ed: doctoral -0.03 0.82 [-1.67, 1.60] -0.04 0.966 -0.07 0.77 [-1.62, 1.48] -0.09 0.927
47 Parent Ed: HS -0.20 0.78 [-1.76, 1.36] -0.25 0.801 -0.18 0.74 [-1.65, 1.30] -0.24 0.813
47 Parent Ed: no HS 0.76 1.10 [-1.44, 2.95] 0.69 0.494 0.73 1.04 [-1.35, 2.81] 0.7 0.485
47 Parent Ed: MA -0.06 0.71 [-1.49, 1.37] -0.08 0.934 -0.07 0.68 [-1.43, 1.29] -0.1 0.920
47 Parent Ed: JD/MD -0.24 0.93 [-2.11, 1.63] -0.26 0.795 -0.24 0.88 [-2.01, 1.53] -0.27 0.787
47 Parent Ed: csome college -0.10 0.74 [-1.57, 1.38] -0.13 0.898 -0.12 0.7 [-1.51, 1.28] -0.17 0.870
47 Female 0.17 1.01 [-1.85, 2.19] 0.17 0.868 0.21 0.95 [-1.70, 2.12] 0.22 0.826
47 Male 0.11 1.03 [-1.96, 2.17] 0.10 0.919 0.1 0.98 [-1.86, 2.06] 0.11 0.916
47 Transgender 0.34 1.20 [-2.06, 2.74] 0.29 0.776 0.32 1.14 [-1.95, 2.60] 0.28 0.779
47 Baseline Depression -0.01 0.01 [-0.04, 0.02] -0.67 0.508 -0.01 0.01 [-0.03, 0.02] -0.59 0.559
47 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.16 0.15 [-0.45, 0.14] -1.08 0.286 -0.16 0.14 [-0.44, 0.12] -1.15 0.256
47 Task Engagement (post) 0.10 0.15 [-0.20, 0.40] 0.66 0.514 0.12 0.14 [-0.17, 0.40] 0.83 0.409
48 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.13 0.2 [-0.52, 0.27] -0.63 0.530 0 F (1,81) =0.4 -0.28 0.24 [-0.76, 0.21] -1.13 0.263 0.26 0.25 F (19,57) =1.04 -0.1 0.21 [-0.52, 0.32] -0.48 0.634 0.22 0.22 F (19,54) =0.81 -0.13 0.2 [-0.52, 0.27] -0.63 0.530 0 0 F (1,81) =0.4
48 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 0.77 1.18 [-1.59, 3.13] 0.65 0.516 0.27 1.01 [-1.74, 2.29] 0.27 0.787
48 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano 0.40 0.49 [-0.59, 1.39] 0.82 0.416 0.29 0.42 [-0.55, 1.13] 0.69 0.493
48 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White -0.34 0.41 [-1.16, 0.48] -0.83 0.412 -0.19 0.35 [-0.89, 0.52] -0.53 0.600
48 Ethnicity: Other 0.51 0.68 [-0.85, 1.86] 0.75 0.459 0.61 0.58 [-0.55, 1.77] 1.06 0.295
48 Age -0.08 0.05 [-0.18, 0.02] -1.54 0.129 0 0.06 [-0.11, 0.12] 0.05 0.963
48 Parent Ed: BA -1.66 0.74 [-3.14, -0.18] -2.24 0.029* -0.98 0.67 [-2.32, 0.37] -1.46 0.151
48 Parent Ed: doctoral -1.73 0.87 [-3.47, 0.00] -2.00 0.050. -1.07 0.78 [-2.64, 0.49] -1.37 0.176
48 Parent Ed: HS -2.13 0.83 [-3.79, -0.47] -2.57 0.013* -1.1 0.81 [-2.71, 0.52] -1.36 0.179
48 Parent Ed: no HS -0.29 1.17 [-2.63, 2.04] -0.25 0.803 -0.35 0.99 [-2.32, 1.63] -0.35 0.726
48 Parent Ed: MA -1.71 0.76 [-3.23, -0.19] -2.26 0.028* -0.98 0.69 [-2.37, 0.41] -1.42 0.162
48 Parent Ed: JD/MD -1.99 0.99 [-3.97, -0.00] -2.00 0.050* -1.47 0.87 [-3.21, 0.27] -1.69 0.096.
48 Parent Ed: csome college -1.80 0.78 [-3.36, -0.23] -2.30 0.025* -1.25 0.69 [-2.64, 0.15] -1.8 0.078.
48 Female -1.49 1.07 [-3.63, 0.65] -1.39 0.169 -1.13 0.91 [-2.96, 0.71] -1.23 0.223
48 Male -1.79 1.10 [-3.99, 0.40] -1.63 0.108 -1.39 0.94 [-3.27, 0.49] -1.48 0.144
48 Transgender -2.43 1.27 [-4.98, 0.12] -1.91 0.061. -2.15 1.08 [-4.32, 0.02] -1.99 0.052.
48 Baseline Depression -0.01 0.01 [-0.04, 0.02] -0.49 0.625 0 0.01 [-0.03, 0.02] -0.26 0.795
48 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.09 0.16 [-0.41, 0.22] -0.60 0.549 -0.08 0.13 [-0.35, 0.18] -0.64 0.527
48 Task Engagement (post) 0.02 0.16 [-0.30, 0.34] 0.12 0.904 0.06 0.14 [-0.21, 0.33] 0.44 0.663
Orbitofrontal Cortex
56 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course 0.13 0.27 [-0.40, 0.67] 0.5 0.622 0 F (1,81) =0.25 0.26 0.31 [-0.36, 0.88] 0.85 0.400 0.29 0.29 F (19,57) =1.24 0.36 0.29 [-0.21, 0.93] 1.26 0.214 0.21 0.2 F (18,56) =0.81 0.12 0.26 [-0.41, 0.64] 0.45 0.656 0.15 0.15 F (5,75) =2.69
56 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 3.11 1.49 [0.12, 6.09] 2.08 0.042* [NA, NA] NANA 4.04 1.24 [1.57, 6.51] 3.26 0.002**
56 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano 0.30 0.63 [-0.96, 1.55] 0.47 0.638 0.23 0.58 [-0.92, 1.39] 0.4 0.691 0.16 0.54 [-0.92, 1.24] 0.3 0.766
56 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White 0.36 0.52 [-0.68, 1.41] 0.70 0.489 0.41 0.48 [-0.55, 1.37] 0.85 0.401 0.33 0.47 [-0.61, 1.27] 0.7 0.486
56 Ethnicity: Other 0.86 0.86 [-0.85, 2.58] 1.01 0.318 0.91 0.79 [-0.68, 2.49] 1.15 0.256 1.1 0.79 [-0.47, 2.67] 1.39 0.167
56 Age 0.08 0.06 [-0.05, 0.20] 1.20 0.235 0.07 0.06 [-0.05, 0.19] 1.17 0.248
56 Parent Ed: BA 0.26 0.94 [-1.62, 2.14] 0.28 0.781 0.4 0.87 [-1.34, 2.13] 0.46 0.648
56 Parent Ed: doctoral 0.75 1.10 [-1.45, 2.95] 0.68 0.498 0.69 1.01 [-1.33, 2.72] 0.68 0.497
56 Parent Ed: HS 1.05 1.05 [-1.05, 3.15] 1.01 0.319 1.09 0.97 [-0.84, 3.02] 1.13 0.263
56 Parent Ed: no HS -0.26 1.48 [-3.22, 2.70] -0.18 0.860 -0.3 1.36 [-3.03, 2.42] -0.22 0.824
56 Parent Ed: MA 0.31 0.96 [-1.61, 2.24] 0.33 0.745 0.3 0.89 [-1.47, 2.07] 0.34 0.736
56 Parent Ed: JD/MD -0.10 1.26 [-2.62, 2.41] -0.08 0.936 -0.1 1.16 [-2.41, 2.22] -0.08 0.934
56 Parent Ed: csome college 0.45 0.99 [-1.53, 2.44] 0.46 0.648 0.42 0.91 [-1.40, 2.25] 0.46 0.645
56 Female 1.04 1.36 [-1.68, 3.75] 0.77 0.446 1.11 1.25 [-1.39, 3.61] 0.89 0.378
56 Male 1.52 1.39 [-1.27, 4.30] 1.09 0.280 1.51 1.28 [-1.05, 4.07] 1.18 0.242
56 Transgender 2.23 1.61 [-1.00, 5.46] 1.38 0.172 2.2 1.48 [-0.78, 5.17] 1.48 0.145
56 Baseline Depression -0.02 0.02 [-0.05, 0.02] -0.86 0.391 -0.01 0.02 [-0.05, 0.02] -0.8 0.428
56 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.20 0.20 [-0.59, 0.20] -1.00 0.319 -0.2 0.18 [-0.56, 0.16] -1.1 0.275
56 Task Engagement (post) 0.11 0.20 [-0.30, 0.52] 0.54 0.589 0.14 0.19 [-0.23, 0.52] 0.76 0.449
191 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.13 0.28 [-0.68, 0.42] -0.46 0.643 0 F (1,81) =0.22 -0.04 0.36 [-0.75, 0.68] -0.10 0.919 0.16 0.15 F (19,57) =0.56 0.05 0.28 [-0.51, 0.61] 0.17 0.866 0.24 0.24 F (19,54) =0.91 -0.13 0.28 [-0.68, 0.42] -0.46 0.643 0 0 F (1,81) =0.22
191 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 1.21 1.73 [-2.25, 4.67] 0.70 0.486 2.24 1.37 [-0.52, 4.99] 1.63 0.110
191 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano 0.26 0.72 [-1.19, 1.71] 0.35 0.725 0.53 0.59 [-0.65, 1.71] 0.89 0.376
191 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White 0.44 0.60 [-0.77, 1.64] 0.72 0.472 0.3 0.47 [-0.65, 1.25] 0.64 0.526
191 Ethnicity: Other 1.05 0.99 [-0.94, 3.04] 1.06 0.295 0.92 0.78 [-0.64, 2.48] 1.18 0.242
191 Age -0.02 0.07 [-0.16, 0.13] -0.21 0.834 0.03 0.06 [-0.09, 0.15] 0.56 0.580
191 Parent Ed: BA 0.32 1.09 [-1.85, 2.50] 0.30 0.767 0.8 0.86 [-0.92, 2.51] 0.93 0.356
191 Parent Ed: doctoral 0.48 1.27 [-2.07, 3.02] 0.37 0.710 1 1 [-1.00, 3.01] 1 0.320
191 Parent Ed: HS 0.74 1.21 [-1.69, 3.17] 0.61 0.544 0.08 0.96 [-1.86, 2.01] 0.08 0.936
191 Parent Ed: no HS -0.47 1.71 [-3.89, 2.96] -0.27 0.785 -0.46 1.34 [-3.14, 2.23] -0.34 0.735
191 Parent Ed: MA 0.15 1.11 [-2.08, 2.38] 0.14 0.890 0.45 0.87 [-1.31, 2.20] 0.51 0.612
191 Parent Ed: JD/MD -0.02 1.45 [-2.93, 2.89] -0.01 0.990 0.45 1.14 [-1.83, 2.74] 0.4 0.692
191 Parent Ed: csome college 0.35 1.15 [-1.94, 2.65] 0.31 0.758 0.51 0.9 [-1.29, 2.32] 0.57 0.571
191 Female 1.97 1.57 [-1.17, 5.11] 1.26 0.215 2.58 1.23 [0.11, 5.06] 2.09 0.041*
191 Male 2.13 1.61 [-1.09, 5.36] 1.33 0.190 2.89 1.27 [0.34, 5.43] 2.27 0.027*
191 Transgender 2.77 1.87 [-0.96, 6.51] 1.49 0.143 3.33 1.46 [0.39, 6.26] 2.27 0.027*
191 Baseline Depression -0.02 0.02 [-0.07, 0.02] -1.12 0.266 0.01 0.02 [-0.03, 0.04] 0.38 0.707
191 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.27 0.23 [-0.73, 0.19] -1.18 0.242 -0.36 0.18 [-0.72, 0.01] -1.96 0.055.
191 Task Engagement (post) 0.24 0.23 [-0.23, 0.71] 1.04 0.302 0.34 0.19 [-0.03, 0.71] 1.84 0.071.
159 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course 0.41 0.29 [-0.17, 1.00] 1.41 0.162 0.02 F (1,81) =1.99 0.41 0.34 [-0.28, 1.10] 1.20 0.236 0.3 0.28 F (19,57) =1.29 0.64 0.33 [-0.03, 1.31] 1.91 0.062. 0.23 0.21 F (18,56) =0.95 0.41 0.29 [-0.17, 1.00] 1.4 0.166 0.15 0.13 F (5,75) =2.73
159 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 3.65 1.66 [0.33, 6.98] 2.20 0.032* [NA, NA] NANA 3.86 1.38 [1.11, 6.62] 2.79 0.007**
159 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano 0.50 0.70 [-0.89, 1.90] 0.72 0.474 0.54 0.66 [-0.78, 1.86] 0.82 0.415 0.21 0.6 [-0.99, 1.41] 0.35 0.728
159 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White 0.35 0.58 [-0.81, 1.51] 0.60 0.549 0.15 0.55 [-0.96, 1.25] 0.26 0.793 0.19 0.52 [-0.85, 1.24] 0.37 0.711
159 Ethnicity: Other 1.22 0.96 [-0.69, 3.13] 1.28 0.206 1.39 0.9 [-0.42, 3.20] 1.54 0.130 1.35 0.88 [-0.40, 3.10] 1.54 0.129
159 Age 0.09 0.07 [-0.05, 0.23] 1.29 0.203 0.1 0.07 [-0.03, 0.23] 1.48 0.144
159 Parent Ed: BA 0.79 1.05 [-1.30, 2.88] 0.76 0.453 0.48 0.99 [-1.51, 2.47] 0.49 0.629
159 Parent Ed: doctoral 1.12 1.22 [-1.32, 3.57] 0.92 0.362 0.94 1.16 [-1.38, 3.26] 0.81 0.420
159 Parent Ed: HS 1.27 1.17 [-1.07, 3.61] 1.09 0.280 1.27 1.1 [-0.94, 3.48] 1.15 0.255
159 Parent Ed: no HS 0.49 1.64 [-2.80, 3.79] 0.30 0.765 0 1.56 [-3.14, 3.13] 0 0.998
159 Parent Ed: MA 0.44 1.07 [-1.71, 2.58] 0.41 0.685 0.39 1.01 [-1.64, 2.42] 0.38 0.702
159 Parent Ed: JD/MD 0.21 1.40 [-2.59, 3.01] 0.15 0.880 0.04 1.32 [-2.60, 2.69] 0.03 0.973
159 Parent Ed: csome college 0.38 1.10 [-1.83, 2.59] 0.35 0.729 0.32 1.04 [-1.77, 2.40] 0.3 0.762
159 Female 1.08 1.51 [-1.94, 4.10] 0.71 0.478 0.77 1.43 [-2.09, 3.63] 0.54 0.592
159 Male 1.33 1.55 [-1.77, 4.43] 0.86 0.394 0.77 1.47 [-2.19, 3.72] 0.52 0.605
159 Transgender 1.57 1.80 [-2.03, 5.16] 0.87 0.386 1.62 1.7 [-1.77, 5.02] 0.96 0.342
159 Baseline Depression 0.00 0.02 [-0.04, 0.04] -0.06 0.954 -0.01 0.02 [-0.05, 0.03] -0.62 0.541
159 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.41 0.22 [-0.85, 0.03] -1.85 0.070. -0.16 0.23 [-0.61, 0.30] -0.69 0.491
159 Task Engagement (post) 0.28 0.23 [-0.17, 0.73] 1.23 0.225 0 0.23 [-0.47, 0.47] 0 0.997
170 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -0.01 0.23 [-0.48, 0.46] -0.04 0.968 0 F (1,81) =0 -0.15 0.29 [-0.72, 0.42] -0.53 0.596 0.24 0.24 F (19,57) =0.97 -0.09 0.25 [-0.58, 0.41] -0.35 0.727 0.29 0.29 F (19,56) =1.22 -0.19 0.24 [-0.67, 0.29] -0.8 0.427 0.16 0.16 F (6,73) =2.38
170 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 2.30 1.38 [-0.46, 5.07] 1.67 0.101 2.57 1.19 [0.18, 4.97] 2.16 0.035* 2.89 1.12 [0.65, 5.13] 2.57 0.012*
170 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano 0.25 0.58 [-0.91, 1.41] 0.43 0.669 0.73 0.51 [-0.30, 1.75] 1.42 0.160 0.18 0.49 [-0.80, 1.17] 0.37 0.709
170 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White 0.50 0.48 [-0.46, 1.47] 1.04 0.303 0.51 0.42 [-0.32, 1.35] 1.23 0.223 0.48 0.42 [-0.37, 1.32] 1.13 0.263
170 Ethnicity: Other 1.15 0.79 [-0.45, 2.74] 1.44 0.155 1.12 0.69 [-0.25, 2.50] 1.64 0.108 1.1 0.71 [-0.32, 2.51] 1.55 0.126
170 Age -0.02 0.06 [-0.14, 0.10] -0.32 0.750 -0.01 0.05 [-0.11, 0.09] -0.17 0.865
170 Parent Ed: BA -0.04 0.87 [-1.78, 1.71] -0.04 0.967 0.16 0.75 [-1.34, 1.67] 0.22 0.829
170 Parent Ed: doctoral 0.03 1.02 [-2.01, 2.07] 0.03 0.978 0.2 0.88 [-1.56, 1.96] 0.23 0.822
170 Parent Ed: HS 0.50 0.97 [-1.45, 2.44] 0.51 0.609 0.31 0.84 [-1.38, 1.99] 0.37 0.716
170 Parent Ed: no HS 1.08 1.37 [-1.66, 3.82] 0.79 0.434 1.06 1.18 [-1.30, 3.43] 0.9 0.372
170 Parent Ed: MA 0.03 0.89 [-1.75, 1.82] 0.04 0.971 0.07 0.77 [-1.48, 1.61] 0.09 0.932
170 Parent Ed: JD/MD -0.12 1.16 [-2.45, 2.21] -0.10 0.919 0.06 1.01 [-1.95, 2.08] 0.06 0.951
170 Parent Ed: csome college -0.33 0.92 [-2.17, 1.50] -0.36 0.717 -0.36 0.79 [-1.95, 1.23] -0.45 0.651
170 Female -0.38 1.26 [-2.89, 2.14] -0.30 0.765 -0.15 1.09 [-2.33, 2.02] -0.14 0.887
170 Male -0.32 1.29 [-2.90, 2.25] -0.25 0.803 0.04 1.11 [-2.19, 2.27] 0.04 0.971
170 Transgender -0.18 1.49 [-3.17, 2.81] -0.12 0.907 0.06 1.29 [-2.52, 2.65] 0.05 0.961
170 Baseline Depression -0.03 0.02 [-0.06, 0.01] -1.58 0.120 -0.01 0.02 [-0.05, 0.02] -0.94 0.351
170 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.28 0.18 [-0.64, 0.09] -1.52 0.134 -0.3 0.16 [-0.62, 0.02] -1.89 0.063. -0.15 0.07 [-0.29, -0.02] -2.27 0.026*
170 Task Engagement (post) 0.16 0.19 [-0.22, 0.54] 0.85 0.397 0.16 0.16 [-0.16, 0.49] 1 0.321
65 Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course 0.05 0.23 [-0.41, 0.50] 0.21 0.836 0 F (1,81) =0.04 0.12 0.28 [-0.45, 0.69] 0.42 0.679 0.2 0.2 F (19,57) =0.76 0.19 0.23 [-0.28, 0.66] 0.82 0.414 0.23 0.23 F (19,56) =0.86 0.05 0.23 [-0.41, 0.50] 0.21 0.836 0 0 F (1,81) =0.04
65 Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 1.07 1.37 [-1.67, 3.82] 0.78 0.437 1.38 1.13 [-0.88, 3.64] 1.22 0.226
65 Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano -0.14 0.58 [-1.29, 1.01] -0.24 0.808 0.4 0.48 [-0.57, 1.36] 0.82 0.417
65 Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White 0.39 0.48 [-0.57, 1.34] 0.80 0.425 0.4 0.39 [-0.39, 1.19] 1.01 0.315
65 Ethnicity: Other 1.34 0.79 [-0.24, 2.92] 1.69 0.096. 1.31 0.65 [0.01, 2.61] 2.02 0.048*
65 Age 0.05 0.06 [-0.07, 0.17] 0.89 0.377 0.06 0.05 [-0.03, 0.16] 1.32 0.192
65 Parent Ed: BA 0.04 0.86 [-1.69, 1.77] 0.05 0.961 0.27 0.71 [-1.16, 1.69] 0.37 0.710
65 Parent Ed: doctoral -0.12 1.01 [-2.15, 1.90] -0.12 0.904 0.07 0.83 [-1.60, 1.73] 0.08 0.935
65 Parent Ed: HS 1.01 0.97 [-0.92, 2.94] 1.05 0.299 0.8 0.79 [-0.79, 2.38] 1 0.320
65 Parent Ed: no HS 0.39 1.36 [-2.33, 3.11] 0.29 0.776 0.37 1.11 [-1.86, 2.61] 0.33 0.739
65 Parent Ed: MA 0.24 0.89 [-1.53, 2.01] 0.27 0.788 0.28 0.73 [-1.18, 1.73] 0.38 0.704
65 Parent Ed: JD/MD 0.36 1.16 [-1.96, 2.67] 0.31 0.758 0.56 0.95 [-1.34, 2.46] 0.59 0.557
65 Parent Ed: csome college 0.31 0.91 [-1.52, 2.13] 0.33 0.739 0.28 0.75 [-1.22, 1.77] 0.37 0.714
65 Female -1.18 1.25 [-3.67, 1.32] -0.94 0.350 -0.93 1.02 [-2.98, 1.13] -0.9 0.370
65 Male -1.25 1.28 [-3.81, 1.31] -0.98 0.333 -0.84 1.05 [-2.95, 1.26] -0.8 0.426
65 Transgender -0.76 1.48 [-3.73, 2.21] -0.51 0.611 -0.49 1.22 [-2.93, 1.95] -0.4 0.688
65 Baseline Depression -0.02 0.02 [-0.06, 0.01] -1.28 0.206 -0.01 0.01 [-0.04, 0.02] -0.52 0.606
65 Task Engagement (baseline) -0.02 0.18 [-0.39, 0.34] -0.12 0.904 -0.05 0.15 [-0.34, 0.25] -0.31 0.761
65 Task Engagement (post) -0.04 0.19 [-0.41, 0.34] -0.19 0.846 -0.03 0.15 [-0.34, 0.27] -0.22 0.824
Note:
*** p < .001, ** p < .01, * p < .05, . < .10.