t-tests

Load Packages

haven

Haven contains functions that lets R import SPSS, SAS, Stata, and other foreign files.

if (!require(haven)){
  install.packages("haven", dependencies = TRUE)
  require(haven)
}

Loading required package: haven

Tidyverse

Tidyverse contains many functions useful to cleaning, tidying, and manipulating data

if (!require(tidyverse)){
  install.packages("tidyverse", dependencies = TRUE)
  library(tidyverse)
}

Loading required package: tidyverse

── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
✔ dplyr     1.1.4     ✔ readr     2.1.5
✔ forcats   1.0.0     ✔ stringr   1.5.1
✔ ggplot2   3.5.1     ✔ tibble    3.2.1
✔ lubridate 1.9.3     ✔ tidyr     1.3.1
✔ purrr     1.0.2     
── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
✖ dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors

Import Data

dataset <- read_sav("https://osf.io/kd4ej/download")

t-test

t.test(formula = Potter3 ~ CoinFlip,
       data = dataset,
       var.equal = FALSE)

    Welch Two Sample t-test

data:  Potter3 by CoinFlip
t = -0.6517, df = 62.334, p-value = 0.517
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means between group 1 and group 2 is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
 -0.2766157  0.1405862
sample estimates:
mean in group 1 mean in group 2 
       1.588235        1.656250