This analysis uses CHARLS data to understand at high level, what is the demand from pilot programs in 15 cities.
*Important notes: please notice that eligibility turns out to be very difficult to assess, in this analysis, I tried to replicate the key logic mentioned in World Bank. Understanding China’s Long-Term Care Insurance Pilots: What Is Going On? Do They Work? And Where To Go Next?. Worldbank.org, 5-6.
Given there is no Barthel index in the source data, I manually constructed Barthel scores based on the questionaire with some adjustments to scale back to 100. And define eligibility as when Barthel index < 60 *
| term | estimate | std.error | statistic | p.value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Intercept) | 98.4868906 | 2.0113543 | 48.965461 | 0.0000000 |
| Communist | 0.3156360 | 0.1124620 | 2.806600 | 0.0050117 |
Self-Reported_Health_Status |
0.1814742 | 0.0268508 | 6.758627 | 0.0000000 |
| Hearing_Problem | -0.1505410 | 0.0459646 | -3.275147 | 0.0010579 |
Year_Had_Brain_Damage/Mental_Retardation |
-0.0003577 | 0.0000913 | -3.918806 | 0.0000893 |
| Year_Had_Speech_Impediment | -0.0017013 | 0.0002030 | -8.381640 | 0.0000000 |
| Had_Physical_Disabilities | 0.0224317 | 0.0097914 | 2.290957 | 0.0219765 |
| Had_Vision_Problem | 0.0191829 | 0.0075716 | 2.533545 | 0.0112992 |
| Diagnosed_with_Stroke_by_a_Doctor | 0.3808804 | 0.0890846 | 4.275493 | 0.0000192 |
| Diagnosed_with_Emotional_Problems_by_a_Doctor | -0.2517489 | 0.1227453 | -2.050986 | 0.0402816 |
Diagnosed_with_Memory-Related_Disease_by_a_Doctor |
0.5019867 | 0.1072433 | 4.680821 | 0.0000029 |
| Diagnosed_with_Asthma_by_a_Doctor | 0.2101250 | 0.0831583 | 2.526808 | 0.0115182 |
| Difficulty_with_Running_or_Jogging_about_1Km | 0.5882332 | 0.0370148 | 15.891831 | 0.0000000 |
| Difficulty_with_Walking_1Km | 1.3098259 | 0.0596633 | 21.953618 | 0.0000000 |
| Difficulty_with_Walking_100_Metres | -4.4990578 | 0.0696592 | -64.586660 | 0.0000000 |
| Difficulty_with_Getting_up_from_a_Chair | -0.5891441 | 0.0660097 | -8.925112 | 0.0000000 |
| Difficulty_with_Climbing_Several_Flights_of_Stairs_Without_Resting | -2.6537543 | 0.0410174 | -64.698262 | 0.0000000 |
| Difficulty_with_Reaching_or_Extending_Your_arms | -0.4018897 | 0.0448058 | -8.969586 | 0.0000000 |
| Difficulty_with_Lifting_or_Carrying_Weights_over_10_Jin | -0.0901620 | 0.0427232 | -2.110378 | 0.0348384 |
| Difficulty_with_Picking_up_a_Small_Coin | -0.9991588 | 0.0652338 | -15.316591 | 0.0000000 |
| Difficulty_with_Dressing | -1.1693335 | 0.1131695 | -10.332582 | 0.0000000 |
| Difficulty_with_Bathing_or_Showering | -1.8428786 | 0.0878036 | -20.988638 | 0.0000000 |
| Difficulty_with_Eating | 4.1423759 | 0.1323667 | 31.294703 | 0.0000000 |
| Difficulty_with_Getting_into_or_out_of_Bed | -1.1371717 | 0.1212099 | -9.381836 | 0.0000000 |
| Difficulty_with_Using_the_Toilet | -2.6645538 | 0.0863186 | -30.868832 | 0.0000000 |
| Difficulty_with_Controlling_Urination_and_Defecation | -3.1981861 | 0.0960320 | -33.303322 | 0.0000000 |
| Difficulty_with_Household_Chores | -0.7970007 | 0.0681588 | -11.693298 | 0.0000000 |
| Difficulty_with_Preparing_Hot_Meals | -0.5606395 | 0.0668391 | -8.387894 | 0.0000000 |
| Difficulty_with_Taking_Medications | -1.6391866 | 0.0775457 | -21.138318 | 0.0000000 |
| Difficulty_with_Managing_Money | -0.2760811 | 0.0492045 | -5.610888 | 0.0000000 |
Can't_Do_Household_Work_Because_of_Disability_or_Health |
0.1450710 | 0.0689901 | 2.102779 | 0.0354978 |
| is_eligible_ltci | -21.2861597 | 0.2232443 | -95.349160 | 0.0000000 |
| Urban_and_Rural_Resident_Medical_Insurance | 0.3148449 | 0.1559927 | 2.018331 | 0.0435704 |
Long-term_Care_Insurance |
-0.1988009 | 0.0970533 | -2.048368 | 0.0405372 |
A_First_or_a_Follow-up_Visit |
-0.3293265 | 0.1634743 | -2.014547 | 0.0439658 |
| Total_Cost_of_This_Visit | -0.7285712 | 0.3527512 | -2.065397 | 0.0388986 |
| Received_Inpatient_Care | 2.0842065 | 0.9731415 | 2.141730 | 0.0322275 |
| Total_Cost | 0.0000088 | 0.0000042 | 2.099890 | 0.0357512 |
Self-paid_Part |
-0.0000174 | 0.0000065 | -2.658516 | 0.0078550 |
| Reason_of_Hospitalized | 0.3471312 | 0.1422300 | 2.440632 | 0.0146704 |
| Receive_Participate_Government_Institutions_Firm_Pension | 3.1078676 | 1.3392747 | 2.320560 | 0.0203208 |
Overall, eligibility for LTCI based on Barthel index is very a small pct of sample: NA
Notice overall, 19.5700444 % is pension participant (any type of pension)
Now we look at people who are eligible for LTCI but not enrolled in them
This could be distorted by how eligibility is defined, but overall only 1.3% of people who is eligible for LTCI enrolled in the program.