Missingness in outcomes

Table 1

	No (N=2041)	Yes (N=843)	P-value
Cohort
Original	1431 (70.1%)	510 (60.5%)	<0.001
Expansion	339 (16.6%)	193 (22.9%)
Replacement	271 (13.3%)	140 (16.6%)
Gender
Female	1139 (55.8%)	485 (57.5%)	0.419
Male	902 (44.2%)	358 (42.5%)
Age at Death
Mean (SD)	86.6 (7.18)	89.2 (6.65)	<0.001
Median [Min, Max]	87.2 [66.4, 108]	89.7 [68.9, 106]
Year of Death
Mean (SD)	2010 (6.80)	2010 (6.04)	<0.001
Median [Min, Max]	2010 [1990, 2020]	2010 [2000, 2020]
race_cat_simp_adjusted
Non-White	220 (10.8%)	50 (5.9%)	<0.001
White	1821 (89.2%)	793 (94.1%)
APOE_adjusted_no
- APOE e4	1586 (77.7%)	618 (73.3%)	0.013
+ APOE e4	455 (22.3%)	225 (26.7%)
Ever Smoker
No	929 (45.5%)	379 (45.0%)	0.816
Yes	1112 (54.5%)	464 (55.0%)
alcohol_cat_adjusted
Never	432 (21.2%)	156 (18.5%)	0.026
Former	581 (28.5%)	216 (25.6%)
Current	1028 (50.4%)	471 (55.9%)
exercise_cat_adjusted
No	679 (33.3%)	252 (29.9%)	0.086
Yes	1362 (66.7%)	591 (70.1%)
Education
Less than High School	271 (13.3%)	65 (7.7%)	<0.001
GED	49 (2.4%)	12 (1.4%)
High School	915 (44.8%)	342 (40.6%)
Bachelor's	391 (19.2%)	201 (23.8%)
Master's	187 (9.2%)	113 (13.4%)
Doctorate	70 (3.4%)	46 (5.5%)
Other	158 (7.7%)	64 (7.6%)
education_cat_adjusted
< 13	815 (39.9%)	243 (28.8%)	<0.001
13-16	851 (41.7%)	367 (43.5%)
17+	375 (18.4%)	233 (27.6%)
nses_z_cx_adjusted
Mean (SD)	-0.656 (0.715)	-0.692 (0.707)	0.222
Median [Min, Max]	-0.775 [-2.66, 2.64]	-0.791 [-2.66, 2.47]
PM2.5 Exposure from Death (10 year)
Mean (SD)	8.81 (2.23)	7.98 (1.67)	<0.001
Median [Min, Max]	8.47 [3.77, 17.1]	7.72 [4.03, 14.6]
NO2 Exposure from Death (10 year)
Mean (SD)	13.9 (3.80)	13.4 (3.51)	<0.001
Median [Min, Max]	13.4 [4.82, 35.0]	12.7 [4.88, 30.7]
Heart_Dis
No	1148 (56.2%)	573 (68.0%)	0.008
Yes	646 (31.7%)	253 (30.0%)
Missing	247 (12.1%)	17 (2.0%)
Hypertension
No	599 (29.3%)	326 (38.7%)	0.003
Yes	1195 (58.5%)	500 (59.3%)
Missing	247 (12.1%)	17 (2.0%)
Diabetes
No	1457 (71.4%)	696 (82.6%)	0.066
Yes	337 (16.5%)	130 (15.4%)
Missing	247 (12.1%)	17 (2.0%)
bmi_adjusted
Mean (SD)	27.4 (4.85)	26.9 (4.73)	0.006
Median [Min, Max]	27.0 [15.7, 50.3]	26.3 [15.9, 48.9]
Dementia Status
No Dementia	1363 (66.8%)	458 (54.3%)	<0.001
Dementia	678 (33.2%)	385 (45.7%)
Arrhythmia
No	1339 (65.6%)	553 (65.6%)	1
Yes	702 (34.4%)	290 (34.4%)
Had Autopsy
No	2041 (100%)	0 (0%)	<0.001
Yes	0 (0%)	843 (100%)
CV_DIS_adj
1	1804 (88.4%)	746 (88.5%)	0.987
2	237 (11.6%)	97 (11.5%)
Marital Status
Married	1051 (51.5%)	457 (54.2%)	0.198
Not Married	990 (48.5%)	386 (45.8%)
Hipposcampal Sclerosis
0	0 (0%)	693 (82.2%)	NA
1	0 (0%)	124 (14.7%)
Missing	2041 (100%)	26 (3.1%)
as.factor(Hippocampal_Sclerosis)
Bilateral	0 (0%)	7 (0.8%)	NA
Missing/Unknown	0 (0%)	16 (1.9%)
None	0 (0%)	693 (82.2%)
Present, but laterality not assessed	0 (0%)	90 (10.7%)
Unilateral	0 (0%)	11 (1.3%)
Missing	2041 (100%)	26 (3.1%)
Lewy Body Disease
0	0 (0%)	657 (77.9%)	NA
1	0 (0%)	180 (21.4%)
Missing	2041 (100%)	6 (0.7%)
as.factor(lewybodydis_cat)
1	0 (0%)	656 (77.8%)	NA
1.5	0 (0%)	1 (0.1%)
2	0 (0%)	39 (4.6%)
3	0 (0%)	28 (3.3%)
4	0 (0%)	38 (4.5%)
5	0 (0%)	5 (0.6%)
6	0 (0%)	70 (8.3%)
Missing	2041 (100%)	6 (0.7%)
LATE
0	0 (0%)	430 (51.0%)	NA
1	0 (0%)	388 (46.0%)
Missing	2041 (100%)	25 (3.0%)
as.factor(late_stg)
0	0 (0%)	430 (51.0%)	NA
1	0 (0%)	176 (20.9%)
2	0 (0%)	200 (23.7%)
3	0 (0%)	12 (1.4%)
Missing	2041 (100%)	25 (3.0%)
APOE Status
- APOE e4	1292 (63.3%)	589 (69.9%)	0.421
+ APOE e4	455 (22.3%)	225 (26.7%)
Missing	294 (14.4%)	29 (3.4%)
Thal Phase
0	0 (0%)	50 (5.9%)	NA
1	0 (0%)	34 (4.0%)
2	0 (0%)	37 (4.4%)
3	0 (0%)	86 (10.2%)
4	0 (0%)	107 (12.7%)
5	0 (0%)	65 (7.7%)
Missing	2041 (100%)	464 (55.0%)

## # A tibble: 2,884 × 449
##    study_id birthdt    intakedt last_visit last_predx_visit birth_cohort
##       <dbl> <date>        <dbl> <date>                <dbl>        <dbl>
##  1     1001 1924-07-07    15720 2015-01-14            19409         1920
##  2     1007 1921-02-25    13044 2017-11-30            21153         1920
##  3     1008 1927-09-04    15734 2004-12-13            15734         1925
##  4     1009 1933-05-24    16775 2018-01-24            21208         1930
##  5     1010 1925-08-02    12766 2011-03-03            17730         1925
##  6     1011 1915-08-30    17464 2015-12-15            20437         1915
##  7     1013 1915-06-15    15026 2007-02-06            17203         1915
##  8     1016 1900-05-25    12705 1994-10-14            12705         1900
##  9     1017 1932-09-01    16524 2013-03-22            19439         1930
## 10     1019 1916-01-25    12523 2008-04-07            17629         1915
## # ℹ 2,874 more rows
## # ℹ 443 more variables: birth_cohort_2yr <dbl>, last_predx_visit_age <dbl>,
## #   onsetage <dbl>, intakeage <dbl>, last_visit_age <dbl>, Onset_Age_ACT <dbl>,
## #   male <dbl>, hispanic <dbl>, race <dbl>, corrected_anydementia <fct>,
## #   corrected_dsmivdx <dbl>, nindx <dbl>, final_nindx <dbl>, apoe <fct>,
## #   FamHx_AD <dbl>, FamHx_Dx <dbl>, FamHx_Vasc <dbl>, cohort <fct>,
## #   CONSENT <dbl>, AUTOPSY <dbl>, corrected_onsetdate <dbl>, income <chr>, …

Table for for LBD

## Warning in chisq.test(table(y, g)): Chi-squared approximation may be incorrect

## Warning in chisq.test(table(y, g)): Chi-squared approximation may be incorrect

## Warning in chisq.test(table(y, g)): Chi-squared approximation may be incorrect

	0 (N=657)	1 (N=180)	P-value
Cohort
Original	415 (63.2%)	91 (50.6%)	0.008
Expansion	142 (21.6%)	50 (27.8%)
Replacement	100 (15.2%)	39 (21.7%)
Gender
Female	378 (57.5%)	103 (57.2%)	1
Male	279 (42.5%)	77 (42.8%)
Age at Death
Mean (SD)	89.0 (6.76)	89.6 (6.27)	0.278
Median [Min, Max]	89.6 [68.9, 106]	90.4 [74.6, 102]
Year of Death
Mean (SD)	2010 (5.91)	2010 (5.86)	<0.001
Median [Min, Max]	2010 [2000, 2020]	2010 [2000, 2020]
race_cat_simp_adjusted
Non-White	43 (6.5%)	6 (3.3%)	0.148
White	614 (93.5%)	174 (96.7%)
APOE_adjusted_no
- APOE e4	490 (74.6%)	122 (67.8%)	0.084
+ APOE e4	167 (25.4%)	58 (32.2%)
Ever Smoker
No	281 (42.8%)	96 (53.3%)	0.015
Yes	376 (57.2%)	84 (46.7%)
alcohol_cat_adjusted
Never	117 (17.8%)	38 (21.1%)	0.008
Former	184 (28.0%)	30 (16.7%)
Current	356 (54.2%)	112 (62.2%)
exercise_cat_adjusted
No	195 (29.7%)	54 (30.0%)	1
Yes	462 (70.3%)	126 (70.0%)
Education
Less than High School	55 (8.4%)	10 (5.6%)	0.081
GED	10 (1.5%)	2 (1.1%)
High School	280 (42.6%)	61 (33.9%)
Bachelor's	144 (21.9%)	54 (30.0%)
Master's	89 (13.5%)	22 (12.2%)
Doctorate	33 (5.0%)	13 (7.2%)
Other	46 (7.0%)	18 (10.0%)
education_cat_adjusted
< 13	202 (30.7%)	41 (22.8%)	0.112
13-16	278 (42.3%)	86 (47.8%)
17+	177 (26.9%)	53 (29.4%)
nses_z_cx_adjusted
Mean (SD)	-0.710 (0.701)	-0.627 (0.737)	0.18
Median [Min, Max]	-0.841 [-2.66, 2.47]	-0.725 [-2.43, 1.20]
PM2.5 Exposure from Death (10 year)
Mean (SD)	8.11 (1.65)	7.49 (1.60)	<0.001
Median [Min, Max]	7.94 [4.51, 14.3]	6.95 [4.03, 14.6]
NO2 Exposure from Death (10 year)
Mean (SD)	13.5 (3.53)	13.0 (3.45)	0.143
Median [Min, Max]	12.8 [4.88, 30.7]	12.4 [5.61, 26.9]
Heart_Dis
No	439 (66.8%)	131 (72.8%)	0.265
Yes	202 (30.7%)	48 (26.7%)
Missing	16 (2.4%)	1 (0.6%)
Hypertension
No	241 (36.7%)	83 (46.1%)	0.042
Yes	400 (60.9%)	96 (53.3%)
Missing	16 (2.4%)	1 (0.6%)
Diabetes
No	534 (81.3%)	156 (86.7%)	0.259
Yes	107 (16.3%)	23 (12.8%)
Missing	16 (2.4%)	1 (0.6%)
bmi_adjusted
Mean (SD)	26.9 (4.78)	26.8 (4.64)	0.745
Median [Min, Max]	26.3 [15.9, 48.9]	26.3 [16.6, 46.8]
Dementia Status
No Dementia	382 (58.1%)	74 (41.1%)	<0.001
Dementia	275 (41.9%)	106 (58.9%)
Arrhythmia
No	421 (64.1%)	128 (71.1%)	0.095
Yes	236 (35.9%)	52 (28.9%)
CV_DIS_adj
1	581 (88.4%)	160 (88.9%)	0.969
2	76 (11.6%)	20 (11.1%)
Marital Status
Married	348 (53.0%)	106 (58.9%)	0.184
Not Married	309 (47.0%)	74 (41.1%)
Hipposcampal Sclerosis
0	557 (84.8%)	135 (75.0%)	0.127
1	91 (13.9%)	32 (17.8%)
Missing	9 (1.4%)	13 (7.2%)
as.factor(Hippocampal_Sclerosis)
Bilateral	3 (0.5%)	4 (2.2%)	0.01
Missing/Unknown	15 (2.3%)	1 (0.6%)
None	557 (84.8%)	135 (75.0%)
Present, but laterality not assessed	67 (10.2%)	22 (12.2%)
Unilateral	6 (0.9%)	5 (2.8%)
Missing	9 (1.4%)	13 (7.2%)
LATE
0	361 (54.9%)	68 (37.8%)	<0.001
1	276 (42.0%)	111 (61.7%)
Missing	20 (3.0%)	1 (0.6%)
as.factor(late_stg)
0	361 (54.9%)	68 (37.8%)	<0.001
1	130 (19.8%)	46 (25.6%)
2	139 (21.2%)	60 (33.3%)
3	7 (1.1%)	5 (2.8%)
Missing	20 (3.0%)	1 (0.6%)
APOE Status
- APOE e4	468 (71.2%)	117 (65.0%)	0.09
+ APOE e4	167 (25.4%)	58 (32.2%)
Missing	22 (3.3%)	5 (2.8%)

Correlation across outcomes

HS vs. LBD

##          
##           LBD: No LBD: Yes
##   HS: No      557      135
##   HS: Yes      91       32

HS vs. LATE

##          
##           LATE: No LATE: Yes
##   HS: No       397       280
##   HS: Yes       23        95

LBD vs. LATE

##           
##            LATE: No LATE: Yes
##   LBD: No       361       276
##   LBD: Yes       68       111

Outcomes by Modifier

By sex

	Female (N=485)	Male (N=358)	P-value
Hipposcampal Sclerosis
0	400 (82.5%)	293 (81.8%)	1
1	71 (14.6%)	53 (14.8%)
Missing	14 (2.9%)	12 (3.4%)
Lewy Body Disease
0	378 (77.9%)	279 (77.9%)	1
1	103 (21.2%)	77 (21.5%)
Missing	4 (0.8%)	2 (0.6%)
LATE
0	243 (50.1%)	187 (52.2%)	0.614
1	227 (46.8%)	161 (45.0%)
Missing	15 (3.1%)	10 (2.8%)

By smoking

	No (N=379)	Yes (N=464)	P-value
Hipposcampal Sclerosis
0	305 (80.5%)	388 (83.6%)	0.332
1	61 (16.1%)	63 (13.6%)
Missing	13 (3.4%)	13 (2.8%)
Lewy Body Disease
0	281 (74.1%)	376 (81.0%)	0.015
1	96 (25.3%)	84 (18.1%)
Missing	2 (0.5%)	4 (0.9%)
LATE
0	185 (48.8%)	245 (52.8%)	0.206
1	185 (48.8%)	203 (43.8%)
Missing	9 (2.4%)	16 (3.4%)

By age group (< 90 or 90+)

	< 90 (N=436)	90+ (N=407)	P-value
Hipposcampal Sclerosis
0	373 (85.6%)	320 (78.6%)	0.008
1	50 (11.5%)	74 (18.2%)
Missing	13 (3.0%)	13 (3.2%)
Lewy Body Disease
0	343 (78.7%)	314 (77.1%)	0.567
1	89 (20.4%)	91 (22.4%)
Missing	4 (0.9%)	2 (0.5%)
LATE
0	252 (57.8%)	178 (43.7%)	<0.001
1	165 (37.8%)	223 (54.8%)
Missing	19 (4.4%)	6 (1.5%)

Table 1 for IPW variables

	No (N=2041)	Yes (N=843)	P-value
Age at Death
Mean (SD)	86.6 (7.18)	89.2 (6.65)	<0.001
Median [Min, Max]	87.2 [66.4, 108]	89.7 [68.9, 106]
Cohort
Original	1431 (70.1%)	510 (60.5%)	<0.001
Expansion	339 (16.6%)	193 (22.9%)
Replacement	271 (13.3%)	140 (16.6%)
Gender
Female	1139 (55.8%)	485 (57.5%)	0.419
Male	902 (44.2%)	358 (42.5%)
Race
Non-White	220 (10.8%)	50 (5.9%)	<0.001
White	1820 (89.2%)	793 (94.1%)
Missing	1 (0.0%)	0 (0%)
NDI
Mean (SD)	-0.655 (0.720)	-0.691 (0.713)	0.224
Median [Min, Max]	-0.782 [-2.66, 2.64]	-0.805 [-2.66, 2.47]
Missing	26 (1.3%)	14 (1.7%)
education_cat
< 13	815 (39.9%)	243 (28.8%)	<0.001
13-16	850 (41.6%)	367 (43.5%)
17+	375 (18.4%)	233 (27.6%)
Missing	1 (0.0%)	0 (0%)
Dementia Status
No Dementia	1363 (66.8%)	458 (54.3%)	<0.001
Dementia	678 (33.2%)	385 (45.7%)
Marital Status
Married	1051 (51.5%)	457 (54.2%)	0.198
Not Married	990 (48.5%)	386 (45.8%)

Primary Models

 hs_mod1_pm25_primary <- glm(HS_bi ~ 
                                
                                exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr + 
                                age_death_yrs_centered + 
                                male_cat, 
                              
                              data = autopsy_dead, weights = ipw_final_truncated,family = "binomial")

   hs_mod2_pm25_primary <- glm(HS_bi ~ 
                                  
                                  exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr + 
                                  age_death_yrs_centered + 
                                  male_cat + 
                                  race_cat_simp + 
                                  nses_z_cx + 
                                  splines::bs(death_year_centered) + 
                                  apoe + 
                                  cohort_cat + 
                                  degree_cat, 
                                
                                data = autopsy_dead, weights = ipw_final_truncated,family = "binomial")

   hs_mod3_pm25_primary <- glm(HS_bi ~ 
                                  
                                  exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr + 
                                  age_death_yrs_centered + 
                                  male_cat + 
                                  race_cat_simp + 
                                  nses_z_cx + 
                                  splines::bs(death_year_centered) + 
                                  apoe + 
                                  smoke_bi_adjusted + 
                                  exercise_cat + 
                                  alcohol_cat + 
                                  cohort_cat +
                                  degree_cat +
                                  bmi +
                                  diabetes_cat_tv +
                                  HTN_cat_tv +
                                  Heart_Dis_tv, 
                                
                                data = autopsy_dead, weights = ipw_final_truncated,family = "binomial")

hs_mod2_pm25_htnmod<- glm(HS_bi ~ 
                             
                             exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr*male_cat + 
                             age_death_yrs_centered + 
                             race_cat_simp + 
                             nses_z_cx + 
                             splines::bs(death_year_centered) + 
                             apoe + 
                             cohort_cat + 
                             education_cat, 
                           
                           data = autopsy_dead, weights = ipw_final_90l_truncated,family = "binomial")

hs_mod2_pm25_htnmod<- glm(HS_bi ~ 
                             
                             exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr*smoke_bi_adjusted + 
                             age_death_yrs_centered + 
                             race_cat_simp + 
                             nses_z_cx + 
                             splines::bs(death_year_centered) + 
                             apoe + 
                             cohort_cat + 
                             education_cat, 
                           
                           data = autopsy_dead, weights = ipw_final_90l_truncated,family = "binomial")

Aim 1: Lewy Body Pathologies

Hippocampal sclerosis

	PM 2.5			NO2
Predictors	Odds Ratios	CI	p	Odds Ratios	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.024	0.000 – 19.073	0.285	0.024	0.000 – 0.725	0.049
PM 2.5 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)	1.010	0.860 – 1.186	0.900
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)1	28.405	0.042 – 69188.766	0.353	27.329	0.042 – 64294.499	0.356
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)2	0.769	0.052 – 11.774	0.848	0.736	0.050 – 11.280	0.823
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)3	150.843	1.080 – 47859.528	0.062	141.201	1.026 – 43825.959	0.064
Gender: Male	1.424	0.919 – 2.204	0.113	1.432	0.924 – 2.218	0.107
race_cat_simp_adjustedWhite	0.847	0.414 – 1.906	0.666	0.861	0.420 – 1.943	0.698
nses z cx adjusted	0.911	0.661 – 1.246	0.563	0.893	0.653 – 1.215	0.475
splines::bs(death_year_centered)1	0.953	0.004 – 276.789	0.987	0.747	0.007 – 109.955	0.906
splines::bs(death_year_centered)2	0.068	0.003 – 1.501	0.089	0.059	0.010 – 0.383	0.003
splines::bs(death_year_centered)3	2.437	0.028 – 223.415	0.697	2.159	0.148 – 37.830	0.584
APOE adjusted no: +APOE e 4	1.462	0.919 – 2.294	0.103	1.461	0.919 – 2.291	0.103
Cohort: Expansion	1.499	0.857 – 2.574	0.148	1.440	0.816 – 2.491	0.199
Cohort: Replacement	0.725	0.327 – 1.521	0.409	0.713	0.321 – 1.497	0.386
education_cat_adjusted13-16	1.281	0.793 – 2.088	0.314	1.254	0.774 – 2.048	0.361
education_cat_adjusted17+	1.122	0.605 – 2.047	0.710	1.085	0.583 – 1.989	0.793
Ever Smoker: Yes	0.847	0.548 – 1.311	0.454	0.843	0.545 – 1.305	0.441
NO 2 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)				1.054	0.936 – 1.178	0.366
Observations	817			817
R² Tjur	0.060			0.062

Stratified, PM2.5

	< 90			90+
Predictors	Odds Ratios	CI	p	Odds Ratios	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.000	0.000 – 0.673	0.070	3.738	0.001 – 14475.998	0.756
PM 2.5 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)	1.068	0.836 – 1.351	0.592	0.968	0.773 – 1.220	0.777
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)1	592621.118	0.512 – 140758708889910.906	0.123	0.682	0.020 – 27.238	0.834
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)2	90.136	0.173 – 1452556.585	0.270	3.321	0.033 – 228.209	0.586
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)3	4507.436	1.015 – 1041856781.650	0.118	10.188	0.028 – 11864.990	0.452
Gender: Male	1.642	0.852 – 3.208	0.140	1.400	0.775 – 2.514	0.261
race_cat_simp_adjustedWhite	0.621	0.234 – 1.867	0.361	1.349	0.468 – 4.935	0.610
nses z cx adjusted	0.894	0.546 – 1.447	0.653	0.931	0.615 – 1.390	0.732
splines::bs(death_year_centered)1	29.506	0.008 – 162738.880	0.428	0.004	0.000 – 3.750	0.110
splines::bs(death_year_centered)2	0.095	0.001 – 8.348	0.311	0.031	0.001 – 1.896	0.095
splines::bs(death_year_centered)3	38.880	0.040 – 40320.435	0.297	0.109	0.000 – 28.025	0.428
APOE adjusted no: +APOE e 4	1.029	0.498 – 2.040	0.937	2.317	1.245 – 4.259	0.007
Cohort: Expansion	1.375	0.537 – 3.334	0.491	1.420	0.700 – 2.796	0.319
Cohort: Replacement	0.540	0.125 – 2.048	0.383	0.666	0.234 – 1.685	0.415
education_cat_adjusted13-16	1.453	0.679 – 3.217	0.343	1.157	0.622 – 2.167	0.645
education_cat_adjusted17+	1.606	0.628 – 4.089	0.318	0.828	0.357 – 1.838	0.650
Ever Smoker: Yes	0.913	0.463 – 1.821	0.792	0.742	0.415 – 1.322	0.311
Observations	423			394
R² Tjur	0.039			0.081

Stratified, NO2

	< 90			90+
Predictors	Odds Ratios	CI	p	Odds Ratios	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.000	0.000 – 0.134	0.050	0.571	0.017 – 17.965	0.748
NO 2 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)	1.016	0.829 – 1.217	0.869	1.073	0.918 – 1.241	0.359
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)1	603020.085	0.612 – 128784937799741.328	0.118	0.784	0.023 – 31.719	0.895
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)2	89.266	0.183 – 1402102.444	0.266	2.611	0.025 – 183.002	0.664
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)3	4393.741	1.089 – 958917345.586	0.114	11.812	0.032 – 13936.920	0.424
Gender: Male	1.648	0.854 – 3.222	0.138	1.438	0.794 – 2.592	0.227
race_cat_simp_adjustedWhite	0.645	0.248 – 1.919	0.394	1.496	0.514 – 5.560	0.498
nses z cx adjusted	0.918	0.567 – 1.475	0.726	0.888	0.591 – 1.321	0.561
splines::bs(death_year_centered)1	8.089	0.009 – 12898.267	0.561	0.007	0.000 – 3.459	0.108
splines::bs(death_year_centered)2	0.035	0.002 – 0.548	0.017	0.054	0.005 – 0.641	0.019
splines::bs(death_year_centered)3	8.877	0.146 – 756.436	0.313	0.272	0.009 – 8.616	0.443
APOE adjusted no: +APOE e 4	1.049	0.510 – 2.072	0.893	2.336	1.253 – 4.303	0.007
Cohort: Expansion	1.377	0.532 – 3.376	0.494	1.367	0.670 – 2.708	0.377
Cohort: Replacement	0.541	0.126 – 2.045	0.383	0.639	0.224 – 1.616	0.368
education_cat_adjusted13-16	1.444	0.671 – 3.212	0.354	1.126	0.602 – 2.117	0.711
education_cat_adjusted17+	1.592	0.619 – 4.080	0.330	0.783	0.333 – 1.759	0.562
Ever Smoker: Yes	0.920	0.467 – 1.835	0.810	0.753	0.422 – 1.339	0.334
Observations	423			394
R² Tjur	0.037			0.085

Lewy Body Disease

	PM 2.5			NO2
Predictors	Odds Ratios	CI	p	Odds Ratios	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.002	0.000 – 0.777	0.045	0.006	0.000 – 0.178	0.006
PM 2.5 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)	1.032	0.897 – 1.188	0.655
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)1	233.368	0.454 – 277456.255	0.106	241.732	0.475 – 284343.016	0.103
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)2	2.001	0.175 – 24.938	0.581	1.965	0.172 – 24.449	0.591
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)3	23.812	0.163 – 5030.245	0.222	24.347	0.168 – 5111.827	0.219
Gender: Male	1.275	0.870 – 1.865	0.211	1.279	0.874 – 1.872	0.204
race_cat_simp_adjustedWhite	4.208	1.837 – 11.539	0.002	4.211	1.838 – 11.546	0.002
nses z cx adjusted	1.244	0.948 – 1.630	0.114	1.254	0.960 – 1.640	0.096
splines::bs(death_year_centered)1	0.280	0.002 – 43.991	0.616	0.168	0.002 – 17.402	0.438
splines::bs(death_year_centered)2	0.626	0.041 – 9.689	0.737	0.382	0.075 – 2.105	0.254
splines::bs(death_year_centered)3	5.265	0.112 – 263.737	0.401	2.743	0.236 – 38.052	0.434
APOE adjusted no: +APOE e 4	1.635	1.095 – 2.426	0.015	1.641	1.099 – 2.434	0.014
Cohort: Expansion	1.219	0.744 – 1.969	0.424	1.207	0.733 – 1.960	0.452
Cohort: Replacement	0.974	0.527 – 1.775	0.933	0.975	0.527 – 1.778	0.935
education_cat_adjusted13-16	1.301	0.854 – 1.993	0.223	1.291	0.846 – 1.982	0.238
education_cat_adjusted17+	1.042	0.608 – 1.767	0.881	1.028	0.599 – 1.749	0.918
Ever Smoker: Yes	0.650	0.446 – 0.946	0.025	0.649	0.445 – 0.944	0.024
NO 2 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)				1.012	0.911 – 1.119	0.816
Observations	837			837
R² Tjur	0.078			0.078

Stratified, PM2.5

	< 90			90+
Predictors	Odds Ratios	CI	p	Odds Ratios	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.000	0.000 – 0.022	0.019	0.049	0.000 – 156.138	0.473
PM 2.5 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)	1.055	0.866 – 1.282	0.588	0.960	0.780 – 1.184	0.701
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)1	199390493.825	31.320 – 154616523362123936.000	0.040	0.104	0.001 – 5.829	0.300
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)2	38692.897	23.672 – 1935849829.887	0.024	485.184	0.501 – 7833669.605	0.164
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)3	241794.590	13.032 – 174760286721.341	0.039	0.000	0.000 – 0.737	0.168
Gender: Male	1.182	0.677 – 2.068	0.555	1.310	0.767 – 2.232	0.320
race_cat_simp_adjustedWhite	4.191	1.414 – 16.355	0.019	3.774	1.040 – 23.093	0.079
nses z cx adjusted	1.264	0.834 – 1.917	0.269	1.185	0.821 – 1.700	0.359
splines::bs(death_year_centered)1	0.051	0.000 – 55.035	0.398	7.402	0.003 – 153257.086	0.653
splines::bs(death_year_centered)2	0.712	0.018 – 26.818	0.855	0.569	0.009 – 61.788	0.800
splines::bs(death_year_centered)3	2.573	0.010 – 649.692	0.737	13.746	0.048 – 9959.821	0.396
APOE adjusted no: +APOE e 4	2.043	1.166 – 3.573	0.012	1.313	0.694 – 2.418	0.391
Cohort: Expansion	1.146	0.515 – 2.456	0.732	1.422	0.747 – 2.658	0.275
Cohort: Replacement	1.278	0.474 – 3.379	0.623	0.692	0.274 – 1.611	0.410
education_cat_adjusted13-16	1.052	0.563 – 1.979	0.874	1.671	0.931 – 3.043	0.088
education_cat_adjusted17+	0.955	0.443 – 2.029	0.906	0.964	0.436 – 2.072	0.927
Ever Smoker: Yes	0.641	0.366 – 1.119	0.118	0.697	0.409 – 1.183	0.182
Observations	432			405
R² Tjur	0.096			0.096

Stratified, NO2

	< 90			90+
Predictors	Odds Ratios	CI	p	Odds Ratios	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.000	0.000 – 0.013	0.017	0.010	0.000 – 0.744	0.069
NO 2 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)	1.021	0.869 – 1.185	0.790	1.028	0.883 – 1.184	0.713
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)1	234466585.873	37.124 – 193687060212813536.000	0.038	0.113	0.001 – 6.216	0.314
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)2	44074.317	26.748 – 2311407456.744	0.022	410.096	0.445 – 6188643.660	0.171
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)3	265941.806	14.270 – 202189379641.754	0.038	0.000	0.000 – 0.796	0.170
Gender: Male	1.186	0.678 – 2.078	0.549	1.331	0.775 – 2.281	0.297
race_cat_simp_adjustedWhite	4.197	1.423 – 16.306	0.019	3.952	1.090 – 24.194	0.069
nses z cx adjusted	1.289	0.859 – 1.941	0.220	1.151	0.801 – 1.650	0.445
splines::bs(death_year_centered)1	0.019	0.000 – 9.437	0.201	12.104	0.008 – 219355.657	0.563
splines::bs(death_year_centered)2	0.314	0.037 – 2.773	0.290	1.030	0.056 – 53.871	0.986
splines::bs(death_year_centered)3	0.787	0.026 – 28.070	0.893	31.816	0.512 – 10952.949	0.166
APOE adjusted no: +APOE e 4	2.063	1.180 – 3.604	0.011	1.318	0.696 – 2.430	0.385
Cohort: Expansion	1.128	0.504 – 2.431	0.764	1.404	0.734 – 2.634	0.296
Cohort: Replacement	1.282	0.476 – 3.390	0.618	0.669	0.265 – 1.558	0.369
education_cat_adjusted13-16	1.042	0.556 – 1.966	0.898	1.668	0.929 – 3.041	0.090
education_cat_adjusted17+	0.941	0.435 – 2.007	0.877	0.954	0.429 – 2.063	0.906
Ever Smoker: Yes	0.643	0.367 – 1.123	0.121	0.706	0.415 – 1.194	0.194
Observations	432			405
R² Tjur	0.096			0.097

LATE stage

	PM 2.5			NO2
Predictors	Odds Ratios	CI	p	Odds Ratios	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.069	0.000 – 9.037	0.290	0.014	0.000 – 0.256	0.007
PM 2.5 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)	0.966	0.861 – 1.082	0.552
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)1	12.337	0.054 – 6499.811	0.396	11.601	0.051 – 6082.373	0.407
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)2	46.110	5.607 – 382.987	<0.001	45.487	5.532 – 378.176	<0.001
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)3	35.897	0.502 – 4596.195	0.120	32.452	0.458 – 4127.021	0.130
Gender: Male	1.139	0.837 – 1.553	0.408	1.140	0.837 – 1.554	0.406
race_cat_simp_adjustedWhite	1.263	0.745 – 2.169	0.390	1.280	0.753 – 2.203	0.365
nses z cx adjusted	0.924	0.740 – 1.152	0.482	0.886	0.712 – 1.101	0.275
splines::bs(death_year_centered)1	0.806	0.013 – 50.474	0.918	1.282	0.032 – 54.731	0.896
splines::bs(death_year_centered)2	0.567	0.065 – 4.940	0.608	0.966	0.255 – 3.729	0.960
splines::bs(death_year_centered)3	1.020	0.041 – 25.756	0.990	2.375	0.283 – 20.852	0.429
APOE adjusted no: +APOE e 4	1.608	1.153 – 2.249	0.005	1.605	1.150 – 2.244	0.005
Cohort: Expansion	0.936	0.624 – 1.401	0.748	0.902	0.598 – 1.356	0.619
Cohort: Replacement	0.813	0.484 – 1.361	0.433	0.789	0.469 – 1.322	0.370
education_cat_adjusted13-16	1.176	0.841 – 1.645	0.345	1.156	0.826 – 1.621	0.398
education_cat_adjusted17+	1.127	0.733 – 1.734	0.586	1.102	0.715 – 1.699	0.658
Ever Smoker: Yes	0.981	0.724 – 1.331	0.901	0.973	0.717 – 1.321	0.861
NO 2 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)				1.055	0.968 – 1.151	0.223
Observations	818			818
R² Tjur	0.079			0.080

Stratified, PM2.5

	< 90			90+
Predictors	Odds Ratios	CI	p	Odds Ratios	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.038	0.000 – 46.851	0.384	1.691	0.004 – 768.002	0.866
PM 2.5 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)	0.971	0.822 – 1.144	0.727	0.954	0.809 – 1.123	0.573
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)1	29.456	0.011 – 611964.433	0.449	0.336	0.025 – 4.460	0.410
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)2	5.731	0.184 – 645.077	0.386	32.576	0.886 – 1430.925	0.059
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)3	63.759	0.626 – 30511.911	0.122	0.069	0.000 – 16.865	0.327
Gender: Male	1.225	0.778 – 1.935	0.383	1.108	0.723 – 1.702	0.638
race_cat_simp_adjustedWhite	1.196	0.569 – 2.585	0.642	1.364	0.621 – 3.032	0.439
nses z cx adjusted	0.883	0.630 – 1.232	0.465	0.913	0.679 – 1.224	0.542
splines::bs(death_year_centered)1	0.379	0.001 – 140.773	0.747	2.499	0.012 – 680.442	0.740
splines::bs(death_year_centered)2	0.485	0.023 – 9.996	0.639	0.573	0.028 – 11.840	0.718
splines::bs(death_year_centered)3	1.166	0.010 – 130.576	0.949	1.484	0.023 – 104.095	0.853
APOE adjusted no: +APOE e 4	1.823	1.142 – 2.916	0.012	1.178	0.717 – 1.948	0.520
Cohort: Expansion	0.828	0.432 – 1.563	0.565	1.013	0.597 – 1.724	0.963
Cohort: Replacement	0.579	0.241 – 1.350	0.212	1.017	0.511 – 2.042	0.963
education_cat_adjusted13-16	1.370	0.827 – 2.285	0.224	0.947	0.601 – 1.491	0.813
education_cat_adjusted17+	1.521	0.803 – 2.895	0.199	0.777	0.433 – 1.390	0.395
Ever Smoker: Yes	1.065	0.673 – 1.690	0.790	0.880	0.579 – 1.338	0.551
Observations	417			401
R² Tjur	0.103			0.029

Stratified, NO2

	< 90			90+
Predictors	Odds Ratios	CI	p	Odds Ratios	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.010	0.000 – 0.908	0.080	0.278	0.014 – 4.842	0.384
NO 2 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)	1.063	0.933 – 1.213	0.358	1.021	0.908 – 1.150	0.729
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)1	22.783	0.009 – 428162.381	0.478	0.356	0.026 – 4.729	0.435
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)2	5.505	0.185 – 595.316	0.391	29.712	0.799 – 1311.882	0.067
splines::bs(age_death_yrs_centered)3	54.171	0.572 – 24425.363	0.131	0.075	0.000 – 18.359	0.341
Gender: Male	1.202	0.763 – 1.899	0.429	1.116	0.727 – 1.716	0.616
race_cat_simp_adjustedWhite	1.172	0.559 – 2.529	0.678	1.429	0.655 – 3.163	0.370
nses z cx adjusted	0.847	0.608 – 1.174	0.319	0.883	0.658 – 1.183	0.406
splines::bs(death_year_centered)1	0.539	0.003 – 99.175	0.815	4.652	0.032 – 923.280	0.549
splines::bs(death_year_centered)2	0.736	0.119 – 4.584	0.741	1.162	0.168 – 8.507	0.879
splines::bs(death_year_centered)3	2.315	0.109 – 51.870	0.592	3.943	0.226 – 83.633	0.352
APOE adjusted no: +APOE e 4	1.819	1.140 – 2.906	0.012	1.185	0.721 – 1.962	0.505
Cohort: Expansion	0.794	0.410 – 1.510	0.485	1.000	0.587 – 1.710	1.000
Cohort: Replacement	0.572	0.238 – 1.335	0.203	0.990	0.497 – 1.989	0.977
education_cat_adjusted13-16	1.345	0.809 – 2.248	0.255	0.942	0.597 – 1.485	0.797
education_cat_adjusted17+	1.490	0.784 – 2.840	0.224	0.773	0.429 – 1.387	0.387
Ever Smoker: Yes	1.047	0.661 – 1.665	0.844	0.888	0.585 – 1.348	0.576
Observations	417			401
R² Tjur	0.104			0.028

Aim 2: Modifying effect of sex and smoking

Outcome = Hippocampal sclerosis

Modifier = Sex

	PM 2.5			NO2
Predictors	Odds Ratios	CI	p	Odds Ratios	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.217	0.000 – 111.674	0.633	0.180	0.013 – 2.221	0.192
PM 2.5 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)	0.997	0.841 – 1.181	0.969
Gender: Male	0.823	0.118 – 5.661	0.843	1.027	0.201 – 5.298	0.975
Age at Death(centered)	1.058	1.020 – 1.097	0.002	1.057	1.019 – 1.096	0.003
race_cat_simp_adjustedWhite	0.878	0.429 – 1.978	0.735	0.897	0.435 – 2.039	0.782
nses z cx adjusted	0.901	0.654 – 1.232	0.518	0.885	0.647 – 1.204	0.439
splines::bs(death_year_centered)1	1.158	0.005 – 313.022	0.958	0.887	0.009 – 119.972	0.961
splines::bs(death_year_centered)2	0.061	0.003 – 1.347	0.077	0.054	0.009 – 0.337	0.002
splines::bs(death_year_centered)3	2.519	0.030 – 225.439	0.684	2.271	0.162 – 38.061	0.554
APOE adjusted no: +APOE e 4	1.465	0.923 – 2.292	0.099	1.474	0.930 – 2.306	0.093
Cohort: Expansion	1.520	0.871 – 2.601	0.132	1.472	0.837 – 2.539	0.170
Cohort: Replacement	0.769	0.349 – 1.603	0.497	0.755	0.343 – 1.576	0.468
education_cat_adjusted13-16	1.293	0.801 – 2.107	0.297	1.261	0.779 – 2.056	0.348
education_cat_adjusted17+	1.141	0.614 – 2.088	0.670	1.088	0.585 – 1.992	0.786
Ever Smoker: Yes	0.831	0.538 – 1.284	0.402	0.836	0.543 – 1.291	0.418
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr:male_catMale	1.027	0.933 – 1.133	0.583
NO 2 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)				1.034	0.885 – 1.194	0.658
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_no2_iqr:male_catMale				1.043	0.842 – 1.289	0.698
Observations	817			817
R² Tjur	0.052			0.053

Modifier = Smoking

	PM 2.5			NO2
Predictors	Odds Ratios	CI	p	Odds Ratios	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.191	0.000 – 101.674	0.606	0.209	0.013 – 2.833	0.249
PM 2.5 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)	1.002	0.843 – 1.191	0.978
Ever Smoker: Yes	0.623	0.089 – 4.248	0.631	0.524	0.102 – 2.648	0.435
Age at Death(centered)	1.058	1.020 – 1.098	0.002	1.057	1.019 – 1.097	0.003
Gender: Male	1.383	0.893 – 2.139	0.144	1.400	0.906 – 2.162	0.128
race_cat_simp_adjustedWhite	0.865	0.423 – 1.946	0.706	0.874	0.427 – 1.969	0.727
nses z cx adjusted	0.902	0.655 – 1.234	0.523	0.890	0.651 – 1.210	0.462
splines::bs(death_year_centered)1	1.212	0.005 – 331.518	0.945	0.898	0.009 – 121.420	0.965
splines::bs(death_year_centered)2	0.062	0.003 – 1.376	0.079	0.053	0.009 – 0.333	0.001
splines::bs(death_year_centered)3	2.678	0.032 – 240.467	0.665	2.299	0.163 – 38.606	0.548
APOE adjusted no: +APOE e 4	1.471	0.927 – 2.302	0.095	1.460	0.920 – 2.286	0.102
Cohort: Expansion	1.531	0.878 – 2.619	0.126	1.471	0.837 – 2.537	0.171
Cohort: Replacement	0.767	0.348 – 1.600	0.493	0.751	0.341 – 1.568	0.460
education_cat_adjusted13-16	1.276	0.791 – 2.077	0.321	1.247	0.770 – 2.033	0.372
education_cat_adjusted17+	1.117	0.603 – 2.035	0.721	1.091	0.587 – 1.997	0.779
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr:smoke_bi_adjustedYes	1.016	0.922 – 1.122	0.755
NO 2 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)				1.018	0.855 – 1.191	0.830
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_no2_iqr:smoke_bi_adjustedYes				1.065	0.863 – 1.321	0.558
Observations	817			817
R² Tjur	0.053			0.053

Modifier = APOE

	PM 2.5			NO2
Predictors	Odds Ratios	CI	p	Odds Ratios	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.110	0.000 – 55.022	0.488	0.209	0.013 – 2.833	0.249
PM 2.5 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)	1.027	0.873 – 1.210	0.745
APOE adjusted no: +APOE e 4	4.558	0.554 – 40.750	0.164	1.460	0.920 – 2.286	0.102
Ever Smoker: Yes	0.840	0.546 – 1.297	0.430	0.524	0.102 – 2.648	0.435
Age at Death(centered)	1.058	1.020 – 1.097	0.002	1.057	1.019 – 1.097	0.003
Gender: Male	1.403	0.908 – 2.167	0.126	1.400	0.906 – 2.162	0.128
race_cat_simp_adjustedWhite	0.879	0.430 – 1.981	0.739	0.874	0.427 – 1.969	0.727
nses z cx adjusted	0.908	0.658 – 1.243	0.550	0.890	0.651 – 1.210	0.462
splines::bs(death_year_centered)1	1.398	0.006 – 376.958	0.905	0.898	0.009 – 121.420	0.965
splines::bs(death_year_centered)2	0.062	0.003 – 1.387	0.080	0.053	0.009 – 0.333	0.001
splines::bs(death_year_centered)3	2.900	0.034 – 262.935	0.640	2.299	0.163 – 38.606	0.548
Cohort: Expansion	1.514	0.867 – 2.594	0.137	1.471	0.837 – 2.537	0.171
Cohort: Replacement	0.752	0.340 – 1.575	0.464	0.751	0.341 – 1.568	0.460
education_cat_adjusted13-16	1.280	0.794 – 2.083	0.314	1.247	0.770 – 2.033	0.372
education_cat_adjusted17+	1.128	0.609 – 2.057	0.697	1.091	0.587 – 1.997	0.779
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr:APOE_adjusted_no+ APOE e4	0.943	0.842 – 1.048	0.292
NO 2 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)				1.018	0.855 – 1.191	0.830
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_no2_iqr:smoke_bi_adjustedYes				1.065	0.863 – 1.321	0.558
Observations	817			817
R² Tjur	0.054			0.053

Outcome = Lewy Body Disease category

Modifier = Sex

	PM 2.5			NO2
Predictors	Odds Ratios	CI	p	Odds Ratios	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.028	0.000 – 6.100	0.195	0.068	0.005 – 0.778	0.036
PM 2.5 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)	1.006	0.868 – 1.166	0.933
Gender: Male	0.507	0.089 – 2.813	0.440	0.758	0.181 – 3.188	0.704
Age at Death(centered)	0.999	0.968 – 1.031	0.945	0.999	0.968 – 1.031	0.975
race_cat_simp_adjustedWhite	4.168	1.819 – 11.434	0.002	4.179	1.819 – 11.481	0.002
nses z cx adjusted	1.235	0.942 – 1.618	0.125	1.248	0.955 – 1.633	0.104
splines::bs(death_year_centered)1	0.783	0.006 – 115.692	0.922	0.365	0.005 – 34.956	0.655
splines::bs(death_year_centered)2	0.804	0.053 – 12.385	0.875	0.472	0.094 – 2.589	0.372
splines::bs(death_year_centered)3	8.639	0.192 – 415.872	0.270	4.100	0.364 – 55.615	0.269
APOE adjusted no: +APOE e 4	1.673	1.123 – 2.478	0.011	1.691	1.135 – 2.504	0.009
Cohort: Expansion	1.240	0.758 – 2.000	0.384	1.252	0.762 – 2.028	0.368
Cohort: Replacement	0.967	0.525 – 1.753	0.912	0.963	0.522 – 1.748	0.902
education_cat_adjusted13-16	1.304	0.856 – 2.000	0.219	1.289	0.846 – 1.977	0.240
education_cat_adjusted17+	1.049	0.612 – 1.781	0.859	1.011	0.590 – 1.717	0.967
Ever Smoker: Yes	0.621	0.425 – 0.905	0.013	0.630	0.432 – 0.917	0.016
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr:male_catMale	1.051	0.962 – 1.150	0.277
NO 2 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)				0.979	0.851 – 1.115	0.758
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_no2_iqr:male_catMale				1.077	0.889 – 1.303	0.447
Observations	837			837
R² Tjur	0.078			0.078

Modifier = Smoking

	PM 2.5			NO2
Predictors	Odds Ratios	CI	p	Odds Ratios	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.015	0.000 – 3.479	0.133	0.029	0.002 – 0.349	0.007
PM 2.5 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)	1.045	0.901 – 1.213	0.557
Ever Smoker: Yes	0.869	0.157 – 4.736	0.871	2.290	0.546 – 9.925	0.262
Age at Death(centered)	0.998	0.967 – 1.030	0.894	0.996	0.965 – 1.028	0.796
Gender: Male	1.296	0.885 – 1.897	0.181	1.298	0.887 – 1.899	0.178
race_cat_simp_adjustedWhite	4.031	1.766 – 11.019	0.002	4.079	1.783 – 11.161	0.002
nses z cx adjusted	1.244	0.948 – 1.629	0.113	1.242	0.949 – 1.627	0.114
splines::bs(death_year_centered)1	0.594	0.005 – 85.641	0.834	0.361	0.005 – 35.347	0.653
splines::bs(death_year_centered)2	0.801	0.054 – 12.188	0.872	0.472	0.093 – 2.605	0.374
splines::bs(death_year_centered)3	8.250	0.185 – 392.957	0.279	4.095	0.359 – 56.271	0.272
APOE adjusted no: +APOE e 4	1.679	1.127 – 2.487	0.010	1.733	1.162 – 2.572	0.007
Cohort: Expansion	1.254	0.767 – 2.021	0.358	1.239	0.753 – 2.010	0.392
Cohort: Replacement	0.950	0.516 – 1.723	0.868	0.954	0.517 – 1.733	0.879
education_cat_adjusted13-16	1.298	0.853 – 1.988	0.226	1.309	0.858 – 2.008	0.214
education_cat_adjusted17+	1.026	0.600 – 1.738	0.925	0.994	0.578 – 1.690	0.981
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr:smoke_bi_adjustedYes	0.983	0.900 – 1.075	0.705
NO 2 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)				1.101	0.959 – 1.256	0.161
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_no2_iqr:smoke_bi_adjustedYes				0.836	0.685 – 1.013	0.071
Observations	837			837
R² Tjur	0.076			0.079

Modifier = APOE

	PM 2.5			NO2
Predictors	Odds Ratios	CI	p	Odds Ratios	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.038	0.000 – 8.574	0.238	0.041	0.003 – 0.484	0.014
PM 2.5 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)	0.992	0.859 – 1.145	0.912
APOE adjusted no: +APOE e 4	0.124	0.019 – 0.778	0.027	3.450	0.737 – 17.959	0.126
Ever Smoker: Yes	0.628	0.430 – 0.915	0.016	0.638	0.437 – 0.930	0.019
Age at Death(centered)	0.998	0.967 – 1.030	0.883	0.998	0.967 – 1.030	0.916
Gender: Male	1.273	0.869 – 1.863	0.214	1.290	0.882 – 1.886	0.188
race_cat_simp_adjustedWhite	3.934	1.718 – 10.780	0.003	4.092	1.788 – 11.212	0.002
nses z cx adjusted	1.223	0.933 – 1.600	0.143	1.253	0.959 – 1.638	0.098
splines::bs(death_year_centered)1	0.594	0.004 – 101.692	0.839	0.421	0.006 – 40.684	0.701
splines::bs(death_year_centered)2	1.049	0.067 – 16.926	0.973	0.456	0.090 – 2.510	0.352
splines::bs(death_year_centered)3	8.249	0.174 – 420.007	0.287	4.477	0.394 – 61.215	0.242
Cohort: Expansion	1.300	0.796 – 2.095	0.287	1.248	0.759 – 2.023	0.374
Cohort: Replacement	0.981	0.534 – 1.772	0.949	0.948	0.513 – 1.722	0.862
education_cat_adjusted13-16	1.294	0.848 – 1.988	0.235	1.293	0.848 – 1.984	0.235
education_cat_adjusted17+	1.007	0.588 – 1.708	0.980	1.009	0.588 – 1.713	0.973
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr:APOE_adjusted_no+ APOE e4	1.146	1.043 – 1.261	0.005
NO 2 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)				1.042	0.921 – 1.171	0.498
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_no2_iqr:APOE_adjusted_no+ APOE e4				0.906	0.723 – 1.112	0.363
Observations	837			837
R² Tjur	0.082			0.078

Outcome = LATE stage

Modifier = Sex

	PM 2.5			NO2
Predictors	Odds Ratios	CI	p	Odds Ratios	CI	p
(Intercept)	1.007	0.012 – 84.028	0.998	0.252	0.033 – 1.827	0.177
PM 2.5 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)	0.975	0.865 – 1.099	0.684
Gender: Male	1.758	0.397 – 7.931	0.460	0.988	0.288 – 3.379	0.985
Age at Death(centered)	1.088	1.061 – 1.118	<0.001	1.087	1.059 – 1.117	<0.001
race_cat_simp_adjustedWhite	1.228	0.722 – 2.112	0.452	1.269	0.743 – 2.195	0.387
nses z cx adjusted	0.927	0.743 – 1.156	0.502	0.886	0.712 – 1.101	0.278
splines::bs(death_year_centered)1	0.950	0.017 – 55.854	0.980	1.512	0.041 – 60.586	0.824
splines::bs(death_year_centered)2	0.647	0.075 – 5.565	0.692	1.105	0.297 – 4.209	0.882
splines::bs(death_year_centered)3	1.165	0.048 – 28.546	0.925	2.660	0.330 – 22.684	0.363
APOE adjusted no: +APOE e 4	1.635	1.173 – 2.283	0.004	1.628	1.169 – 2.272	0.004
Cohort: Expansion	0.931	0.621 – 1.393	0.729	0.894	0.593 – 1.343	0.590
Cohort: Replacement	0.772	0.461 – 1.288	0.324	0.753	0.449 – 1.257	0.279
education_cat_adjusted13-16	1.162	0.831 – 1.628	0.380	1.151	0.822 – 1.614	0.414
education_cat_adjusted17+	1.104	0.717 – 1.699	0.652	1.091	0.708 – 1.680	0.692
Ever Smoker: Yes	0.986	0.728 – 1.339	0.929	0.973	0.718 – 1.320	0.858
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr:male_catMale	0.979	0.907 – 1.055	0.572
NO 2 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)				1.045	0.937 – 1.168	0.427
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_no2_iqr:male_catMale				1.021	0.869 – 1.202	0.798
Observations	818			818
R² Tjur	0.081			0.081

Modifier = Smoking

	PM 2.5			NO2
Predictors	Odds Ratios	CI	p	Odds Ratios	CI	p
(Intercept)	1.038	0.012 – 89.909	0.987	0.165	0.020 – 1.277	0.088
PM 2.5 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)	0.974	0.861 – 1.101	0.672
Ever Smoker: Yes	1.297	0.294 – 5.688	0.731	1.878	0.555 – 6.471	0.313
Age at Death(centered)	1.088	1.060 – 1.117	<0.001	1.086	1.058 – 1.116	<0.001
Gender: Male	1.158	0.850 – 1.578	0.353	1.158	0.851 – 1.577	0.352
race_cat_simp_adjustedWhite	1.240	0.731 – 2.130	0.429	1.251	0.736 – 2.157	0.412
nses z cx adjusted	0.926	0.743 – 1.155	0.497	0.884	0.710 – 1.099	0.268
splines::bs(death_year_centered)1	0.946	0.017 – 55.658	0.979	1.470	0.040 – 59.142	0.836
splines::bs(death_year_centered)2	0.640	0.074 – 5.492	0.684	1.090	0.292 – 4.153	0.899
splines::bs(death_year_centered)3	1.147	0.047 – 28.020	0.933	2.622	0.324 – 22.389	0.371
APOE adjusted no: +APOE e 4	1.628	1.169 – 2.273	0.004	1.648	1.182 – 2.303	0.003
Cohort: Expansion	0.927	0.618 – 1.387	0.712	0.889	0.589 – 1.336	0.571
Cohort: Replacement	0.773	0.461 – 1.289	0.324	0.754	0.449 – 1.258	0.281
education_cat_adjusted13-16	1.171	0.837 – 1.640	0.357	1.158	0.827 – 1.625	0.394
education_cat_adjusted17+	1.116	0.726 – 1.715	0.616	1.084	0.703 – 1.669	0.715
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr:smoke_bi_adjustedYes	0.986	0.914 – 1.063	0.705
NO 2 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)				1.112	0.979 – 1.269	0.109
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_no2_iqr:smoke_bi_adjustedYes				0.914	0.775 – 1.074	0.278
Observations	818			818
R² Tjur	0.080			0.083

Modifier = APOE

	PM 2.5			NO2
Predictors	Odds Ratios	CI	p	Odds Ratios	CI	p
(Intercept)	0.950	0.012 – 76.387	0.982	0.135	0.017 – 1.000	0.053
PM 2.5 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)	0.976	0.869 – 1.095	0.682
APOE adjusted no: +APOE e 4	3.907	0.730 – 21.990	0.116	7.191	1.887 – 28.959	0.004
Ever Smoker: Yes	0.980	0.723 – 1.329	0.894	0.995	0.733 – 1.353	0.974
Age at Death(centered)	1.089	1.061 – 1.119	<0.001	1.088	1.060 – 1.117	<0.001
Gender: Male	1.160	0.853 – 1.581	0.345	1.150	0.845 – 1.568	0.375
race_cat_simp_adjustedWhite	1.257	0.740 – 2.164	0.401	1.293	0.759 – 2.229	0.348
nses z cx adjusted	0.930	0.745 – 1.159	0.518	0.890	0.715 – 1.107	0.296
splines::bs(death_year_centered)1	1.047	0.019 – 61.383	0.982	1.902	0.051 – 77.371	0.730
splines::bs(death_year_centered)2	0.630	0.073 – 5.391	0.673	1.073	0.287 – 4.102	0.917
splines::bs(death_year_centered)3	1.196	0.049 – 29.217	0.912	3.101	0.382 – 26.693	0.295
Cohort: Expansion	0.922	0.614 – 1.380	0.694	0.903	0.598 – 1.359	0.625
Cohort: Replacement	0.774	0.461 – 1.292	0.328	0.739	0.439 – 1.237	0.251
education_cat_adjusted13-16	1.169	0.836 – 1.636	0.363	1.168	0.833 – 1.640	0.368
education_cat_adjusted17+	1.116	0.726 – 1.716	0.617	1.082	0.702 – 1.668	0.721
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_pm25_iqr:APOE_adjusted_no+ APOE e4	0.956	0.876 – 1.040	0.304
NO 2 Exposure from Death(10 year,IQR)				1.119	1.012 – 1.240	0.030
exp_avgdeath_10_yr_ST_no2_iqr:APOE_adjusted_no+ APOE e4				0.817	0.679 – 0.974	0.027
Observations	818			818
R² Tjur	0.081			0.085

Summarizing All Results

Tables to Summarize Aim 1

Model 2

	Overall		< 90		90+
Outcome	pm25 Effect Estimate	95% CI	pm25 Effect Estimate	95% CI	pm25 Effect Estimate	95% CI
HS	1.010	0.86, 1.187	1.068	0.841, 1.356	0.968	0.771, 1.214
LBD	1.032	0.898, 1.187	1.055	0.868, 1.283	0.960	0.78, 1.182
LATE	0.966	0.862, 1.083	0.971	0.824, 1.145	0.954	0.81, 1.123

Model 3

	Overall		< 90		90+
Outcome	pm25 Effect Estimate	95% CI	pm25 Effect Estimate	95% CI	pm25 Effect Estimate	95% CI
HS	1.012	0.859, 1.192	1.090	0.851, 1.396	0.947	0.754, 1.189
LBD	1.023	0.888, 1.179	1.015	0.827, 1.245	0.947	0.765, 1.171
LATE	0.943	0.838, 1.061	0.910	0.765, 1.082	0.972	0.822, 1.15

Model 2

	Overall		< 90		90+
Outcome	NO2 Effect Estimate	95% CI	NO2 Effect Estimate	95% CI	NO2 Effect Estimate	95% CI
HS	1.054	0.94, 1.182	1.016	0.84, 1.23	1.073	0.924, 1.246
LBD	1.012	0.913, 1.122	1.021	0.875, 1.191	1.028	0.889, 1.188
LATE	1.055	0.968, 1.15	1.063	0.933, 1.211	1.021	0.908, 1.148

Model 3

	Overall		< 90		90+
Outcome	NO2 Effect Estimate	95% CI	NO2 Effect Estimate	95% CI	NO2 Effect Estimate	95% CI
HS	1.056	0.941, 1.185	1.030	0.852, 1.245	1.099	0.942, 1.282
LBD	1.005	0.905, 1.117	1.006	0.852, 1.188	1.015	0.875, 1.177
LATE	1.039	0.951, 1.135	1.030	0.898, 1.181	0.999	0.885, 1.127

Tables to Summarize Aim 2

PM2.5

	Modifier = No		Modifier = Yes
Modifier	PM2.5 Effect Estimate	95% CI	PM2.5 Effect Estimate	95% CI	Ratio	95% CI
HS
Sex	0.997	0.841, 1.181	0.988	0.745, 1.311	1.027	0.933, 1.132
Smoking	1.002	0.844, 1.191	0.998	0.751, 1.326	1.016	0.921, 1.12
APOE	1.027	0.873, 1.21	1.025	0.793, 1.326	0.943	0.846, 1.051
LBD
Sex	1.006	0.869, 1.166	1.068	0.87, 1.311	1.051	0.961, 1.148
Smoking	1.045	0.901, 1.213	1.059	0.864, 1.299	0.983	0.9, 1.074
APOE	0.992	0.86, 1.145	1.187	0.964, 1.46	1.146	1.043, 1.259
LATE
Sex	0.975	0.866, 1.099	0.886	0.734, 1.07	0.979	0.907, 1.055
Smoking	0.974	0.862, 1.101	0.921	0.768, 1.104	0.986	0.914, 1.062
APOE	0.976	0.87, 1.095	0.923	0.77, 1.107	0.956	0.878, 1.041

NO2

	Modifier = No		Modifier = Yes
Modifier	PM2.5 Effect Estimate	95% CI	PM2.5 Effect Estimate	95% CI	Ratio	95% CI
HS
Sex	1.034	0.891, 1.2	1.128	0.886, 1.436	1.043	0.844, 1.289
Smoking	1.018	0.864, 1.2	1.180	0.944, 1.475	1.065	0.862, 1.317
APOE	1.018	0.864, 1.2	1.216	0.951, 1.556	1.065	0.862, 1.317
LBD
Sex	0.979	0.856, 1.12	1.072	0.875, 1.315	1.077	0.89, 1.302
Smoking	1.101	0.963, 1.258	0.953	0.77, 1.179	0.836	0.688, 1.016
APOE	1.042	0.925, 1.174	0.989	0.785, 1.246	0.906	0.732, 1.121
LATE
Sex	1.045	0.937, 1.166	0.956	0.788, 1.16	1.021	0.869, 1.201
Smoking	1.112	0.977, 1.265	0.958	0.811, 1.131	0.914	0.777, 1.075
APOE	1.119	1.011, 1.238	0.840	0.667, 1.059	0.817	0.683, 0.977

Bootstrapped Results

Aims 1 and 2

Unstratified Results: PM2.5

Model	PM2.5 Effect Estimate	CI
LBD
Model 1	0.907	0.853, 0.965
Model 2	1.032	0.9, 1.227
Model 3	1.023	0.892, 1.22

Unstratified Results: NO2

Model	NO2 Effect Estimate	CI
LBD
Model 1	0.931	0.837, 1.019
Model 2	1.012	0.922, 1.115
Model 3	1.005	0.917, 1.116

Results stratified by age group

PM2.5

	< 90		90+
Exposure	AP Effect Estimate	CI	AP Effect Estimate	CI
PM2.5	1.055	0.782, 1.232	0.960	0.875, 1.363
NO2	1.021	0.882, 1.183	1.028	0.905, 1.185

Effect modifier models

For all participants

	Modifier = No		Modifier = Yes
Model	PM2.5 Effect Estimate	CI	PM2.5 Effect Estimate	CI	Ratio	CI
Outcome = LBD
Male	1.006	0.868, 1.199	1.057	0.915, 1.262	1.051	0.959, 1.153
Ever smoker	1.045	0.903, 1.265	1.028	0.89, 1.226	0.983	0.884, 1.083
APOE e4+	0.992	0.865, 1.189	1.136	0.97, 1.351	1.146	1.042, 1.3

NO2

	Modifier = No		Modifier = Yes
Model	NO2 Effect Estimate	CI	NO2 Effect Estimate	CI	Ratio	CI
Outcome = LBD
Male	0.979	0.851, 1.084	1.054	0.931, 1.233	1.077	0.916, 1.311
Ever smoker	1.101	0.979, 1.269	0.920	0.789, 1.042	0.836	0.685, 0.983
APOE e4+	1.042	0.929, 1.175	0.944	0.825, 1.121	0.906	0.762, 1.099

## Warning: Using `size` aesthetic for lines was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
## ℹ Please use `linewidth` instead.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.

Karl LBD Pathology Analysis

2023-09-08

Missingness in outcomes

Table 1

Table for for LBD

Correlation across outcomes

Outcomes by Modifier

By sex

By smoking

By age group (< 90 or 90+)

Table 1 for IPW variables

Primary Models

Aim 1: Lewy Body Pathologies

Hippocampal sclerosis

Stratified, PM2.5

Stratified, NO2

Lewy Body Disease

Stratified, PM2.5

Stratified, NO2

LATE stage

Stratified, PM2.5

Stratified, NO2

Aim 2: Modifying effect of sex and smoking

Outcome = Hippocampal sclerosis

Modifier = Sex

Modifier = Smoking

Modifier = APOE

Outcome = Lewy Body Disease category

Modifier = Sex

Modifier = Smoking

Modifier = APOE

Outcome = LATE stage

Modifier = Sex

Modifier = Smoking

Modifier = APOE

Summarizing All Results

Tables to Summarize Aim 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 2

Model 3

Tables to Summarize Aim 2

PM2.5

NO2

Bootstrapped Results

Aims 1 and 2

Unstratified Results: PM2.5

Unstratified Results: NO2

Results stratified by age group

PM2.5

Effect modifier models

For all participants

NO2