First Paper

Table One Patients Characteristics (ACS vs CCS)

Characteristic Overall, N = 501 CCS, N = 101 STEMI, N = 401 p-value2
Age 62 (8) 64 (10) 62 (8) 0.7
Gender


0.4
    Female 9 / 50 (18%) 3 / 10 (30%) 6 / 40 (15%)
    Male 41 / 50 (82%) 7 / 10 (70%) 34 / 40 (85%)
Height (cm) 164 (20) 160 (23) 165 (19) 0.4
Weight (kg) 84 (28) 84 (41) 84 (25) 0.3
BMI 39 (49) 43 (53) 38 (49) 0.7
BSA 1.89 (0.19) 1.83 (0.22) 1.90 (0.18) 0.3
Family History of CV Disease 28 / 50 (56%) 8 / 10 (80%) 20 / 40 (50%) 0.2
Diabetes Mellitus 6 / 50 (12%) 1 / 10 (10%) 5 / 40 (13%) >0.9
Hypertension 33 / 50 (66%) 9 / 10 (90%) 24 / 40 (60%) 0.13
Dyslipidemia 38 / 50 (76%) 10 / 10 (100%) 28 / 40 (70%) 0.092
Smoking


0.3
    Current 25 / 50 (50%) 3 / 10 (30%) 22 / 40 (55%)
    Former Smoker 10 / 50 (20%) 2 / 10 (20%) 8 / 40 (20%)
    No 15 / 50 (30%) 5 / 10 (50%) 10 / 40 (25%)
Physical Activity


0.5
    Light Activity (1-3 days per week) 31 / 50 (62%) 8 / 10 (80%) 23 / 40 (58%)
    Light Activity (4-7 days per week) 5 / 50 (10%) 0 / 10 (0%) 5 / 40 (13%)
    No 9 / 50 (18%) 2 / 10 (20%) 7 / 40 (18%)
    Normal Training (1-2 days per week) 5 / 50 (10%) 0 / 10 (0%) 5 / 40 (13%)
Peripheral Arterial Disease 1 / 50 (2.0%) 1 / 10 (10%) 0 / 40 (0%) 0.2
Carotid Artery Disease 6 / 50 (12%) 5 / 10 (50%) 1 / 40 (2.5%) <0.001
Chronic Kidney Disease 1 / 50 (2.0%) 1 / 10 (10%) 0 / 40 (0%) 0.2
Thyroid Dysfunction


0.3
    Hypothyroidism 5 / 50 (10%) 2 / 10 (20%) 3 / 40 (7.5%)
    No 45 / 50 (90%) 8 / 10 (80%) 37 / 40 (93%)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2 / 50 (4.0%) 1 / 10 (10%) 1 / 40 (2.5%) 0.4
Atrial Fibrillation


0.2
    No 49 / 50 (98%) 9 / 10 (90%) 40 / 40 (100%)
    Paroxysmal 1 / 50 (2.0%) 1 / 10 (10%) 0 / 40 (0%)
Cancer History 2 / 49 (4.1%) 0 / 9 (0%) 2 / 40 (5.0%) >0.9
Rheumatological or Autoimmune Disease 5 / 50 (10%) 0 / 10 (0%) 5 / 40 (13%) 0.6
History of Anxiety 1 / 50 (2.0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 1 / 40 (2.5%) >0.9
Aspirin 12 / 50 (24%) 6 / 10 (60%) 6 / 40 (15%) 0.007
Statins 15 / 50 (30%) 6 / 10 (60%) 9 / 40 (23%) 0.048
ACE Inhibitors 19 / 50 (38%) 6 / 10 (60%) 13 / 40 (33%) 0.2
ATII Antagonists 4 / 49 (8.2%) 0 / 9 (0%) 4 / 40 (10%) >0.9
Beta Blockers 13 / 50 (26%) 4 / 10 (40%) 9 / 40 (23%) 0.4
Antiarrhythmic Drugs 1 / 50 (2.0%) 1 / 10 (10%) 0 / 40 (0%) 0.2
Calcium Antagonists 14 / 50 (28%) 5 / 10 (50%) 9 / 40 (23%) 0.12
Nitrates 2 / 50 (4.0%) 1 / 10 (10%) 1 / 40 (2.5%) 0.4
Diuretics 8 / 50 (16%) 2 / 10 (20%) 6 / 40 (15%) 0.7
Insulin 2 / 49 (4.1%) 1 / 10 (10%) 1 / 39 (2.6%) 0.4
Oral Antidiabetic Drugs 3 / 50 (6.0%) 1 / 10 (10%) 2 / 40 (5.0%) 0.5
NSAIDs 2 / 50 (4.0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 2 / 40 (5.0%) >0.9
Antidepressant Drugs 1 / 49 (2.0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 1 / 39 (2.6%) >0.9
Proton Pump Inhibitors 7 / 50 (14%) 3 / 10 (30%) 4 / 40 (10%) 0.13
Creatinine 0.83 (0.20) 0.75 (0.17) 0.85 (0.20) 0.3
Sodium 137.78 (3.04) 138.40 (3.50) 137.63 (2.94) 0.3
Potassium 4.17 (0.37) 4.30 (0.27) 4.14 (0.39) 0.2
Phosphate 3.05 (0.73) 3.60 (NA) 3.02 (0.74) 0.3
Calcium 9.41 (0.48) 10.00 (NA) 9.38 (0.47) 0.2
Glucose 150 (92) 146 (158) 152 (65) 0.006
Glycohemoglobin 7.37 (2.92) 8.33 (4.22) 7.22 (2.79) 0.8
CRP 0.86 (1.84) 0.57 (0.93) 0.93 (2.00) 0.2
AST 168 (226) 22 (7) 205 (240) <0.001
ALT 40 (28) 23 (14) 44 (30) 0.008
Total Bilirubin 0.67 (0.39) 0.45 (0.27) 0.69 (0.40) 0.4
Direct Bilirubin 0.26 (0.13) 0.23 (0.13) 0.26 (0.13) 0.8
PT 104 (15) 113 (15) 102 (14) 0.2
INR 0.99 (0.10) 0.94 (0.07) 1.00 (0.10) 0.15
APTT 42 (34) 29 (2) 45 (38) 0.5
Hemoglobin 15.13 (1.31) 14.93 (1.00) 15.18 (1.38) 0.7
RBC 4,964,600 (456,867) 4,888,000 (201,979) 4,983,750 (500,951) 0.4
WBC 10,681 (3,202) 6,863 (1,561) 11,636 (2,766) <0.001
Platelets 237,200 (63,690) 235,600 (38,103) 237,600 (68,997) 0.9
Cholesterol 193 (50) 183 (86) 195 (37) 0.071
LDL 120 (47) 105 (78) 124 (36) 0.030
HDL 44 (26) 51 (20) 42 (27) 0.14
Triglycerides 148 (82) 138 (103) 150 (78) 0.11
hsTnT 980 (31 - 4,826) 15 (10 - 19) 2,070 (442 - 6,123) <0.001
CK-MB 75 (18 - 212) 13 (11 - 14) 120 (32 - 264) <0.001
NT-proBNP 411 (89 - 1,134) 88 (79 - 189) 635 (250 - 1,418) 0.042
1 Mean (SD); n / N (%); Median (IQR)
2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test; Wilcoxon rank sum exact test
Characteristic N = 501
Age 62 (8)
Gender
    Female 9 / 50 (18%)
    Male 41 / 50 (82%)
Height (cm) 164 (20)
Weight (kg) 84 (28)
BMI 39 (49)
BSA 1.89 (0.19)
type
    CCS 10 / 50 (20%)
    STEMI 40 / 50 (80%)
Family History of CV Disease 28 / 50 (56%)
Diabetes Mellitus 6 / 50 (12%)
Hypertension 33 / 50 (66%)
Dyslipidemia 38 / 50 (76%)
Smoking
    Current 25 / 50 (50%)
    Former Smoker 10 / 50 (20%)
    No 15 / 50 (30%)
Physical Activity
    Light Activity (1-3 days per week) 31 / 50 (62%)
    Light Activity (4-7 days per week) 5 / 50 (10%)
    No 9 / 50 (18%)
    Normal Training (1-2 days per week) 5 / 50 (10%)
Peripheral Arterial Disease 1 / 50 (2.0%)
Carotid Artery Disease 6 / 50 (12%)
Chronic Kidney Disease 1 / 50 (2.0%)
Thyroid Dysfunction
    Hypothyroidism 5 / 50 (10%)
    No 45 / 50 (90%)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2 / 50 (4.0%)
Atrial Fibrillation
    No 49 / 50 (98%)
    Paroxysmal 1 / 50 (2.0%)
Cancer History 2 / 49 (4.1%)
Rheumatological or Autoimmune Disease 5 / 50 (10%)
History of Anxiety 1 / 50 (2.0%)
Aspirin 12 / 50 (24%)
Statins 15 / 50 (30%)
ACE Inhibitors 19 / 50 (38%)
ATII Antagonists 4 / 49 (8.2%)
Beta Blockers 13 / 50 (26%)
Antiarrhythmic Drugs 1 / 50 (2.0%)
Calcium Antagonists 14 / 50 (28%)
Nitrates 2 / 50 (4.0%)
Diuretics 8 / 50 (16%)
Insulin 2 / 49 (4.1%)
Oral Antidiabetic Drugs 3 / 50 (6.0%)
NSAIDs 2 / 50 (4.0%)
Antidepressant Drugs 1 / 49 (2.0%)
Proton Pump Inhibitors 7 / 50 (14%)
Creatinine 0.83 (0.20)
Sodium 137.78 (3.04)
Potassium 4.17 (0.37)
Phosphate 3.05 (0.73)
Calcium 9.41 (0.48)
Glucose 150 (92)
Glycohemoglobin 7.37 (2.92)
CRP 0.86 (1.84)
AST 168 (226)
ALT 40 (28)
Total Bilirubin 0.67 (0.39)
Direct Bilirubin 0.26 (0.13)
PT 104 (15)
INR 0.99 (0.10)
APTT 42 (34)
Hemoglobin 15.13 (1.31)
RBC 4,964,600 (456,867)
WBC 10,681 (3,202)
Platelets 237,200 (63,690)
Cholesterol 193 (50)
LDL 120 (47)
HDL 44 (26)
Triglycerides 148 (82)
hsTnT 980 (31 - 4,826)
CK-MB 75 (18 - 212)
NT-proBNP 411 (89 - 1,134)
1 Mean (SD); n / N (%); Median (IQR)

-----------------------

Characteristic Overall, N = 501 CCS, N = 101 STEMI, N = 401 p-value2
Pain to Cath Lab Time (min) 248 (207) NA (NA) 248 (207)
First Medical Contact to Cath Lab Time (min) 79 (83) NA (NA) 79 (83)
ST Elevation Location: Anterior 17 / 40 (43%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 17 / 40 (43%) >0.9
ST Elevation Location: Inferior 22 / 40 (55%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 22 / 40 (55%) >0.9
ST Elevation Location: Lateral 10 / 40 (25%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 10 / 40 (25%) >0.9
ST Elevation Location: Posterior 12 / 40 (30%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 12 / 40 (30%) >0.9
Rhythm at Arrival


>0.9
    Other 1 / 50 (2.0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 1 / 40 (2.5%)
    Sinus Rhythm 49 / 50 (98%) 10 / 10 (100%) 39 / 40 (98%)
Max ST Segment Elevation


>0.9
    aVF 3 / 40 (7.5%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 3 / 40 (7.5%)
    III 17 / 40 (43%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 17 / 40 (43%)
    V2 3 / 40 (7.5%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 3 / 40 (7.5%)
    V3 7 / 40 (18%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 7 / 40 (18%)
    V4 7 / 40 (18%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 7 / 40 (18%)
    V6 3 / 40 (7.5%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 3 / 40 (7.5%)
Max ST Deviation (mm) 3.10 (2.01) NA (NA) 3.10 (2.01)
Total Leads with ST Elevation 3.95 (1.80) NA (NA) 3.95 (1.80)
Sum of ST Elevation (mm) 8.6 (7.0) NA (NA) 8.6 (7.0)
QRS Duration (ms) 91 (19) 105 (19) 88 (18) 0.016
Conduction Defect: LBBB 1 / 50 (2.0%) 1 / 10 (10%) 0 / 40 (0%) 0.2
Conduction Defect: RBBB 3 / 50 (6.0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 3 / 40 (7.5%) >0.9
Conduction Defect: I degree AV Block 2 / 50 (4.0%) 1 / 10 (10%) 1 / 40 (2.5%) 0.4
Conduction Defect: II degree AV Block 1 / 50 (2.0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 1 / 40 (2.5%) >0.9
Conduction Defect: III degree AV Block 2 / 50 (4.0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 2 / 40 (5.0%) >0.9
Conduction Defect: Other 1 / 50 (2.0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 1 / 40 (2.5%) >0.9
Conduction Defect: None 40 / 50 (80%) 8 / 10 (80%) 32 / 40 (80%) >0.9
Presence of Q Waves 13 / 50 (26%) 2 / 10 (20%) 11 / 40 (28%) >0.9
Q Wave Depth (mm) 7.7 (4.9) 10.0 (4.2) 7.3 (5.1) 0.3
VT/VF before PCI 2 / 40 (5.0%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 2 / 40 (5.0%) >0.9
Chest Pain at Arrival 37 / 40 (93%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 37 / 40 (93%) >0.9
Dyspnea at Arrival 3 / 40 (7.5%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 3 / 40 (7.5%) >0.9
Signs of Acute Heart Failure 3 / 40 (7.5%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 3 / 40 (7.5%) >0.9
Chest Pain Severity 6.48 (2.25) NA (NA) 6.48 (2.25)
Systolic Blood Pressure at Arrival 134 (24) 142 (19) 132 (25) 0.4
Diastolic Blood Pressure at Arrival 80 (14) 84 (11) 79 (15) 0.3
Heart Rate at Arrival 73 (18) 70 (11) 74 (19) 0.5
Oxygen Saturation at Arrival 96.56 (4.73) 97.40 (1.17) 96.35 (5.25) >0.9
Killip Class at Arrival


>0.9
    1 36 / 40 (90%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 36 / 40 (90%)
    2 4 / 40 (10%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 4 / 40 (10%)
Therapy Before Arrival: Aspirin 33 / 40 (83%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 33 / 40 (83%) >0.9
Therapy Before Arrival: Heparin 28 / 40 (70%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 28 / 40 (70%) >0.9
Therapy Before Arrival: Morphine 1 / 40 (2.5%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 1 / 40 (2.5%) >0.9
Therapy Before Arrival: P2Y12i 0 / 40 (0%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 0 / 40 (0%)
Therapy Before Arrival: Other 5 / 40 (13%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 5 / 40 (13%) >0.9
1 Mean (SD); n / N (%)
2 Fisher’s exact test; Wilcoxon rank sum test

Table 2: Angiographic Features

Characteristic Overall, N = 501 CCS, N = 101 STEMI, N = 401 p-value2
Vascular Access


>0.9
    Femoral 1 / 50 (2.0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 1 / 40 (2.5%)
    Radial 49 / 50 (98%) 10 / 10 (100%) 39 / 40 (98%)
Culprit Lesion


>0.9
    1 7 / 40 (18%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 7 / 40 (18%)
    11 3 / 40 (7.5%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 3 / 40 (7.5%)
    12a 2 / 40 (5.0%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 2 / 40 (5.0%)
    13 2 / 40 (5.0%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 2 / 40 (5.0%)
    16 1 / 40 (2.5%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 1 / 40 (2.5%)
    2 7 / 40 (18%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 7 / 40 (18%)
    3 1 / 40 (2.5%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 1 / 40 (2.5%)
    6 7 / 40 (18%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 7 / 40 (18%)
    7 10 / 40 (25%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 10 / 40 (25%)
Ostial Lesion 4 / 50 (8.0%) 2 / 10 (20%) 2 / 40 (5.0%) 0.2
TIMI Flow Pre 0.80 (1.07) NA (NA) 0.80 (1.07)
TIMI Frame Count Pre 29 (10) NA (NA) 29 (10)
Bifurcation Lesion Culprit 5 / 50 (10%) 1 / 10 (10%) 4 / 40 (10%) >0.9
Bifurcation Lesion Segment


>0.9
    D1 3 / 5 (60%) 1 / 1 (100%) 2 / 4 (50%)
    D2 1 / 5 (20%) 0 / 1 (0%) 1 / 4 (25%)
    OM1 1 / 5 (20%) 0 / 1 (0%) 1 / 4 (25%)
Bifurcation Type


0.4
    0.1.1 1 / 5 (20%) 1 / 1 (100%) 0 / 4 (0%)
    1.0.0 3 / 5 (60%) 0 / 1 (0%) 3 / 4 (75%)
    1.1.0 1 / 5 (20%) 0 / 1 (0%) 1 / 4 (25%)
First Other Non-Culprit 28 / 40 (70%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 28 / 40 (70%) >0.9
First Other Non-Culprit Segment 7.1 (3.8) 7.8 (3.3) 6.8 (4.0) 0.5
Degree First Non-Culprit 73 (18) 86 (8) 69 (18) 0.013
Second Other Non-Culprit 21 / 50 (42%) 5 / 10 (50%) 16 / 40 (40%) 0.7
Second Other Non-Culprit Segment


0.5
    12 1 / 21 (4.8%) 1 / 5 (20%) 0 / 16 (0%)
    12a 2 / 21 (9.5%) 0 / 5 (0%) 2 / 16 (13%)
    12b 1 / 21 (4.8%) 0 / 5 (0%) 1 / 16 (6.3%)
    13 4 / 21 (19%) 0 / 5 (0%) 4 / 16 (25%)
    2 2 / 21 (9.5%) 0 / 5 (0%) 2 / 16 (13%)
    6 2 / 21 (9.5%) 1 / 5 (20%) 1 / 16 (6.3%)
    7 8 / 21 (38%) 3 / 5 (60%) 5 / 16 (31%)
    9 1 / 21 (4.8%) 0 / 5 (0%) 1 / 16 (6.3%)
Degree Second Non-Culprit Lesion 71 (14) 76 (19) 69 (12) 0.4
Third Other Non-Culprit 10 / 49 (20%) 4 / 9 (44%) 6 / 40 (15%) 0.070
Third Other Non-Culprit Segment


0.5
    1 4 / 10 (40%) 2 / 4 (50%) 2 / 6 (33%)
    11 1 / 10 (10%) 1 / 4 (25%) 0 / 6 (0%)
    12a 1 / 10 (10%) 1 / 4 (25%) 0 / 6 (0%)
    13 2 / 10 (20%) 0 / 4 (0%) 2 / 6 (33%)
    3 1 / 10 (10%) 0 / 4 (0%) 1 / 6 (17%)
    7 1 / 10 (10%) 0 / 4 (0%) 1 / 6 (17%)
Degree Third Non-Culprit Lesion 68 (19) 71 (14) 65 (22) 0.6
Fourth Other Non-Culprit Lesion 4 / 46 (8.7%) 3 / 6 (50%) 1 / 40 (2.5%) 0.005
Fourth Other Non-Culprit Segment


>0.9
    1 1 / 4 (25%) 1 / 3 (33%) 0 / 1 (0%)
    2 1 / 4 (25%) 1 / 3 (33%) 0 / 1 (0%)
    11 1 / 4 (25%) 0 / 3 (0%) 1 / 1 (100%)
    14 1 / 4 (25%) 1 / 3 (33%) 0 / 1 (0%)
Degree Fourth Non-Culprit Lesion 54 (15) 55 (18) 50 (NA) >0.9
Staged PCI 14 / 26 (54%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 14 / 26 (54%) >0.9
Treated First non-culprit Lesion 11 / 40 (28%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 11 / 40 (28%) >0.9
Treated Second non-culprit Lesion 6 / 40 (15%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 6 / 40 (15%) >0.9
Treated Third non-culprit Lesion 3 / 40 (7.5%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 3 / 40 (7.5%) >0.9
Number of Diseased Vessels 1.94 (0.92) 2.00 (1.15) 1.92 (0.87) >0.9
Number of Lesions 2.22 (1.31) 2.40 (1.71) 2.18 (1.21) >0.9
Any Bifurcation Lesion 10 / 40 (25%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 10 / 40 (25%) >0.9
SYNTAX Score 14 (8) 14 (10) 14 (8) >0.9
TIMI Thrombus Grade 4.33 (0.96) NA (NA) 4.33 (0.96)
Culprit Lesion Pre-Dilatation 33 / 50 (66%) 9 / 10 (90%) 24 / 40 (60%) 0.13
Direct Stenting 18 / 50 (36%) 1 / 10 (10%) 17 / 40 (43%) 0.073
Post-Dilatation 33 / 50 (66%) 6 / 10 (60%) 27 / 40 (68%) 0.7
Thrombus Aspiration


>0.9
    Mechanical 3 / 40 (7.5%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 3 / 40 (7.5%)
    No 33 / 40 (83%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 33 / 40 (83%)
    Reolitical 4 / 40 (10%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 4 / 40 (10%)
Number of Stents Implanted 1.76 (1.08) 1.90 (1.29) 1.73 (1.04) 0.8
Total Stent Length 44 (28) 43 (33) 44 (28) 0.6
Stent Minimum Diameter 3.03 (0.53) 2.73 (0.69) 3.10 (0.45) 0.011
Mean Stent Diameter 4.25 (5.57) 4.90 (6.04) 4.08 (5.51) 0.2
Stent Overlap 13 / 50 (26%) 2 / 10 (20%) 11 / 40 (28%) >0.9
Type of Stent Implanted


0.2
    bpDES 41 / 50 (82%) 9 / 10 (90%) 32 / 40 (80%)
    DEB 2 / 50 (4.0%) 1 / 10 (10%) 1 / 40 (2.5%)
    dpDES 7 / 50 (14%) 0 / 10 (0%) 7 / 40 (18%)
Angiographic Success 48 / 50 (96%) 9 / 10 (90%) 39 / 40 (98%) 0.4
Slow Flow or No-Reflow 2 / 40 (5.0%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 2 / 40 (5.0%) >0.9
Any Complications


>0.9
    bradycardia 1 / 2 (50%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 1 / 2 (50%)
    VF 1 / 2 (50%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 1 / 2 (50%)
TIMI Flow Post 2.93 (0.27) NA (NA) 2.93 (0.27)
TIMI Frame Count Post 19 (7) NA (NA) 19 (7)
Procedure Duration 45 (23) 67 (27) 39 (18) <0.001
Contrast (ml) 157 (57) 209 (46) 145 (52) 0.002
Adenosine 1 / 50 (2.0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 1 / 40 (2.5%) >0.9
Atropine 9 / 50 (18%) 0 / 10 (0%) 9 / 40 (23%) 0.2
Nitrates 0 / 50 (0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 0 / 40 (0%)
Morphine 1 / 50 (2.0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 1 / 40 (2.5%) >0.9
Tirofiban 6 / 50 (12%) 0 / 10 (0%) 6 / 40 (15%) 0.3
Cangrelor 23 / 50 (46%) 3 / 10 (30%) 20 / 40 (50%) 0.3
Corticosteroids 0 / 50 (0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 0 / 40 (0%)
Metoclopramide 0 / 50 (0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 0 / 40 (0%)
Other 8 / 50 (16%) 0 / 10 (0%) 8 / 40 (20%) 0.2
Pain to First Blood Sample (min) 269 (213) NA (NA) 269 (213)
Pain to P2Y12i Loading Dose (min) 385 (220) NA (NA) 385 (220)
Cathlab Arrival to First Blood Sample (min) 19 (11) NA (NA) 19 (11)
P2Y12i Loading Dose to First Blood Sample (min) 113 (114) 77 (29) 122 (126) 0.8
P2Y12i Loading Dose to Second Blood Sample (min) 26 (40) NA (NA) 26 (40)
P2Y12i Loading Dose to Balloon/Stent (min) 91 (100) 34 (24) 105 (107) 0.11
1 n / N (%); Mean (SD)
2 Fisher’s exact test; Wilcoxon rank sum test; Wilcoxon rank sum exact test

-------------

Characteristic Overall, N = 501 CCS, N = 101 STEMI, N = 401 p-value2
SBP 130 (23) 143 (18) 127 (23) 0.050
DBP 79 (14) 82 (13) 78 (14) 0.4
Heart Rate 75 (14) 68 (8) 76 (15) 0.10
Oxygen Saturation 97.14 (1.83) 97.60 (1.26) 97.03 (1.94) 0.5
Killip Class


>0.9
    1 36 / 40 (90%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 36 / 40 (90%)
    2 4 / 40 (10%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 4 / 40 (10%)
Chest Pain Severity 1.20 (1.96) 0.00 (0.00) 1.50 (2.09) 0.009
Dyspnea 3 / 50 (6.0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 3 / 40 (7.5%) >0.9
Signs of Acute Heart Failure 3 / 40 (7.5%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 3 / 40 (7.5%) >0.9
ECG Feature


<0.001
    None 23 / 50 (46%) 10 / 10 (100%) 13 / 40 (33%)
    ST Segment Elevation 27 / 50 (54%) 0 / 10 (0%) 27 / 40 (68%)
Rhythm



    Sinus Rhythm 50 / 50 (100%) 10 / 10 (100%) 40 / 40 (100%)
Max ST Elevation Lead


>0.9
    aVF 1 / 40 (2.5%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 1 / 40 (2.5%)
    III 11 / 40 (28%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 11 / 40 (28%)
    None 12 / 40 (30%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 12 / 40 (30%)
    V2 5 / 40 (13%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 5 / 40 (13%)
    V3 9 / 40 (23%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 9 / 40 (23%)
    V4 1 / 40 (2.5%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 1 / 40 (2.5%)
    V6 1 / 40 (2.5%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 1 / 40 (2.5%)
Max ST Deviation (mm) 1.39 (1.70) NA (NA) 1.39 (1.70)
ST Segment Resolution (mm) 1.83 (1.53) NA (NA) 1.83 (1.53)
ST Segment Resolution (%) 61 (31) NA (NA) 61 (31)
QRS Duration (msec) 93 (14) 104 (16) 91 (12) 0.013
Conduction Defects


0.069
    I Degree AV Block 1 / 50 (2.0%) 1 / 10 (10%) 0 / 40 (0%)
    LBBB 1 / 50 (2.0%) 1 / 10 (10%) 0 / 40 (0%)
    None 45 / 50 (90%) 8 / 10 (80%) 37 / 40 (93%)
    RBBB 3 / 50 (6.0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 3 / 40 (7.5%)
Q Waves 23 / 50 (46%) 1 / 10 (10%) 22 / 40 (55%) 0.014
Q Wave Depth (mm) 9.5 (7.0) 12.0 (NA) 9.4 (7.1) 0.5
1 Mean (SD); n / N (%)
2 Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test

-------------------------

Characteristic Overall, N = 501 CCS, N = 101 STEMI, N = 401 p-value2
Death 0 / 50 (0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 0 / 40 (0%)
Stent Thrombosis 0 / 50 (0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 0 / 40 (0%)
Unscheduled Ischemia Driven Revascularization 1 / 50 (2.0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 1 / 40 (2.5%) >0.9
Unscheduled Ischemia Driven Revascularization (Days) 1.0000 (NA) NA (NA) 1.0000 (NA)
Cerebrovascular Complications 0 / 50 (0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 0 / 40 (0%)
Pericaridal Effusion 1 / 50 (2.0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 1 / 40 (2.5%) >0.9
Pericaridal Effusion Days 8.0000 (NA) NA (NA) 8.0000 (NA)
Tamponade 0 / 50 (0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 0 / 40 (0%)
Ventricular Tachycardia 2 / 50 (4.0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 2 / 40 (5.0%) >0.9
Ventricular Tachycardia (Days) 1.0000 (0.0000) NA (NA) 1.0000 (0.0000)
Ventricular Fibrillation 2 / 50 (4.0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 2 / 40 (5.0%) >0.9
Ventricular Fibrillation (Days) 0.50 (0.71) NA (NA) 0.50 (0.71)
Acute Kidney Injury 0 / 50 (0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 0 / 40 (0%)
Any Bleeding 0 / 49 (0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 0 / 39 (0%)
Cardiogenic Shock 0 / 50 (0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 0 / 40 (0%)
Cardiac Arrest 0 / 37 (0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 0 / 27 (0%)
New Onset Dyspnea 2 / 50 (4.0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 2 / 40 (5.0%) >0.9
New Onset Rhythm Change 3 / 50 (6.0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 3 / 40 (7.5%) >0.9
Which Rhythm Change



    AF 3 / 3 (100%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 3 / 3 (100%)
New Intollerance to any Medication 1 / 50 (2.0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 1 / 40 (2.5%) >0.9
Any Medication Switch 4 / 50 (8.0%) 0 / 10 (0%) 4 / 40 (10%) 0.6
Which Medication Switch


>0.9
    Switch to Clopidogrel 3 / 4 (75%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 3 / 4 (75%)
    Switch to Prasugrel 1 / 4 (25%) 0 / 0 (NA%) 1 / 4 (25%)
1 n / N (%); Mean (SD)
2 Fisher’s exact test

----------

Characteristic Admission, N = 501 Day 3, N = 501 Discharge, N = 501 Follow-Up, N = 501 Pre-PCI, N = 501 p-value2
type




>0.9
    CCS 10 / 50 (20%) 10 / 50 (20%) 10 / 50 (20%) 10 / 50 (20%) 10 / 50 (20%)
    STEMI 40 / 50 (80%) 40 / 50 (80%) 40 / 50 (80%) 40 / 50 (80%) 40 / 50 (80%)
P2Y12i




>0.9
    1 17 / 50 (34%) 17 / 50 (34%) 17 / 50 (34%) 17 / 50 (34%) 17 / 50 (34%)
    2 20 / 50 (40%) 20 / 50 (40%) 20 / 50 (40%) 20 / 50 (40%) 20 / 50 (40%)
    3 13 / 50 (26%) 13 / 50 (26%) 13 / 50 (26%) 13 / 50 (26%) 13 / 50 (26%)
creatinine 0.83 (0.20) 0.87 (0.25) 0.86 (0.21) 0.87 (0.23) NA (NA) 0.8
sodium 137.78 (3.04) 138.40 (2.34) 138.00 (2.23) 139.65 (2.79) NA (NA) 0.001
potassium 4.17 (0.37) 4.07 (0.35) 4.24 (0.35) 4.32 (0.50) NA (NA) 0.080
glucose 150 (92) 116 (37) 106 (30) 112 (75) NA (NA) <0.001
glycohemoglobin 7.37 (2.92) NA (NA) 6.55 (2.29) 6.62 (1.83) NA (NA) 0.2
crp 0.86 (1.84) 2.59 (3.01) 2.04 (2.23) 0.41 (0.69) NA (NA) <0.001
ast 168 (226) 61 (56) 28 (10) 26 (13) NA (NA) <0.001
alt 40 (28) 40 (41) 29 (17) 34 (24) NA (NA) 0.2
total_bilirubin 0.67 (0.39) NA (NA) 0.72 (0.28) 0.70 (0.43) NA (NA) 0.4
direct_bilirubin 0.26 (0.13) NA (NA) 0.29 (0.11) 0.29 (0.12) NA (NA) 0.3
pt 104 (15) NA (NA) 96 (12) 100 (20) NA (NA) 0.011
inr 0.99 (0.10) NA (NA) 1.01 (0.08) 1.01 (0.12) NA (NA) 0.091
aptt 42 (34) NA (NA) 31 (9) 30 (3) NA (NA) >0.9
hemoglobin 15.13 (1.31) 14.59 (1.22) 14.48 (1.34) 14.31 (1.31) NA (NA) 0.023
rbc 4,964,600 (456,867) 4,685,325 (801,475) 4,662,200 (747,770) 4,748,571 (455,732) NA (NA) 0.035
wbc 10,681 (3,202) 9,782 (2,371) 8,802 (2,365) 7,633 (2,571) NA (NA) <0.001
plt 237,200 (63,690) 227,175 (61,016) 231,808 (67,286) 255,571 (161,355) NA (NA) 0.7
cholesterol 193 (50) NA (NA) 154 (34) 117 (29) NA (NA) <0.001
ldl 120 (47) NA (NA) 94 (30) 56 (28) NA (NA) <0.001
hdl 44 (26) NA (NA) 37 (16) 39 (12) NA (NA) 0.4
triglycerides 148 (82) NA (NA) 128 (66) 108 (52) NA (NA) 0.037
hstnt 3,717 (6,092) 2,675 (2,575) 971 (1,079) 35 (65) NA (NA) <0.001
ck_mb 146 (181) 24 (10) 16 (7) 13 (7) NA (NA) <0.001
nt_pro_bnp 980 (1,411) 1,341 (1,383) 960 (1,067) 550 (730) NA (NA) 0.001
bcate_elisa 3.20 (3.25) 4.05 (3.13) 3.48 (2.64) 3.41 (2.75) 3.31 (2.97) 0.4
dkk1_elisa 657 (534) 881 (809) 808 (658) 642 (512) 660 (492) 0.4
bcate_qPCR 5 (10) 6 (13) 7 (25) 8 (18) 5 (10) >0.9
dkk1_qPCR 2.2 (2.5) 3.8 (5.3) 6.0 (13.6) 8.0 (16.3) 2.3 (2.6) 0.069
1 n / N (%); Mean (SD)
2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
Characteristic Admission, N = 401 Day 3, N = 401 Discharge, N = 401 Follow-Up, N = 401 Pre-PCI, N = 401 p-value2
type





    STEMI 40 / 40 (100%) 40 / 40 (100%) 40 / 40 (100%) 40 / 40 (100%) 40 / 40 (100%)
P2Y12i




>0.9
    1 17 / 40 (43%) 17 / 40 (43%) 17 / 40 (43%) 17 / 40 (43%) 17 / 40 (43%)
    2 20 / 40 (50%) 20 / 40 (50%) 20 / 40 (50%) 20 / 40 (50%) 20 / 40 (50%)
    3 3 / 40 (7.5%) 3 / 40 (7.5%) 3 / 40 (7.5%) 3 / 40 (7.5%) 3 / 40 (7.5%)
creatinine 0.85 (0.20) 0.87 (0.25) 0.89 (0.22) 0.90 (0.24) NA (NA) 0.8
sodium 137.63 (2.94) 138.40 (2.34) 138.10 (2.23) 139.55 (3.05) NA (NA) 0.011
potassium 4.14 (0.39) 4.07 (0.35) 4.27 (0.37) 4.36 (0.51) NA (NA) 0.023
glucose 152 (65) 116 (37) 107 (31) 105 (53) NA (NA) <0.001
glycohemoglobin 7.22 (2.79) NA (NA) 6.58 (2.32) 6.67 (1.86) NA (NA) 0.3
crp 0.93 (2.00) 2.59 (3.01) 2.07 (2.26) 0.38 (0.62) NA (NA) <0.001
ast 205 (240) 61 (56) 29 (10) 28 (13) NA (NA) <0.001
alt 44 (30) 40 (41) 31 (17) 37 (25) NA (NA) 0.2
total_bilirubin 0.69 (0.40) NA (NA) 0.73 (0.28) 0.67 (0.42) NA (NA) 0.3
direct_bilirubin 0.26 (0.13) NA (NA) 0.29 (0.11) 0.29 (0.12) NA (NA) 0.3
pt 102 (14) NA (NA) 95 (11) 98 (20) NA (NA) 0.019
inr 1.00 (0.10) NA (NA) 1.02 (0.08) 1.01 (0.12) NA (NA) 0.2
aptt 45 (38) NA (NA) 31 (9) 30 (3) NA (NA) >0.9
hemoglobin 15.18 (1.38) 14.59 (1.22) 14.41 (1.31) 14.23 (1.29) NA (NA) 0.018
rbc 4,983,750 (500,951) 4,685,325 (801,475) 4,628,000 (811,978) 4,728,000 (478,203) NA (NA) 0.037
wbc 11,636 (2,766) 9,782 (2,371) 9,022 (2,349) 8,053 (2,620) NA (NA) <0.001
plt 237,600 (68,997) 227,175 (61,016) 236,335 (71,189) 263,725 (176,518) NA (NA) 0.7
cholesterol 195 (37) NA (NA) 156 (33) 114 (28) NA (NA) <0.001
ldl 124 (36) NA (NA) 96 (29) 54 (30) NA (NA) <0.001
hdl 42 (27) NA (NA) 37 (17) 37 (11) NA (NA) 0.7
triglycerides 150 (78) NA (NA) 129 (66) 111 (54) NA (NA) 0.035
hstnt 4,643 (6,500) 2,675 (2,575) 1,176 (1,112) 39 (71) NA (NA) <0.001
ck_mb 179 (189) 24 (10) 17 (8) 15 (6) NA (NA) <0.001
nt_pro_bnp 1,022 (1,245) 1,341 (1,383) 1,136 (1,091) 630 (767) NA (NA) 0.008
bcate_elisa 3.81 (3.31) 4.05 (3.13) 3.48 (2.64) 3.77 (2.71) 3.93 (2.95) 0.8
dkk1_elisa 711 (532) 881 (809) 808 (658) 676 (527) 722 (517) 0.9
bcate_qPCR 5 (11) 6 (13) 7 (25) 9 (19) 5 (10) 0.7
dkk1_qPCR 2.4 (2.7) 3.8 (5.3) 6.0 (13.6) 8.9 (17.0) 2.5 (2.7) 0.067
1 n / N (%); Mean (SD)
2 Fisher’s exact test; Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test

Figure 1

ANOVA misure ripetute con test di Tukey per Bcate ELISA

            numDF denDF  F-value p-value
(Intercept)     1   156 89.23015  <.0001
Timepoint       4   156  0.64050  0.6344

     Simultaneous Tests for General Linear Hypotheses

Multiple Comparisons of Means: Tukey Contrasts


Fit: lme.formula(fixed = bcate_elisa ~ Timepoint, data = lab_long_stemi_bcate_elisa, 
    random = ~1 | record_id)

Linear Hypotheses:
                           Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
Admission - Pre-PCI == 0   -0.12680    0.37625  -0.337    0.997
Day 3 - Pre-PCI == 0        0.11342    0.37625   0.301    0.998
Discharge - Pre-PCI == 0   -0.45302    0.37625  -1.204    0.749
Follow-Up - Pre-PCI == 0   -0.16079    0.37625  -0.427    0.993
Day 3 - Admission == 0      0.24022    0.37625   0.638    0.969
Discharge - Admission == 0 -0.32622    0.37625  -0.867    0.909
Follow-Up - Admission == 0 -0.03399    0.37625  -0.090    1.000
Discharge - Day 3 == 0     -0.56644    0.37625  -1.505    0.559
Follow-Up - Day 3 == 0     -0.27421    0.37625  -0.729    0.950
Follow-Up - Discharge == 0  0.29223    0.37625   0.777    0.937
(Adjusted p values reported -- single-step method)

ANOVA misure ripetute con test di Tukey per DKK1 ELISA

            numDF denDF   F-value p-value
(Intercept)     1   156 155.11339  <.0001
Timepoint       4   156   0.94464  0.4398

     Simultaneous Tests for General Linear Hypotheses

Multiple Comparisons of Means: Tukey Contrasts


Fit: lme.formula(fixed = dkk1_elisa ~ Timepoint, data = lab_long_stemi_dkk1_elisa, 
    random = ~1 | record_id)

Linear Hypotheses:
                           Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
Admission - Pre-PCI == 0     -10.92     120.99  -0.090    1.000
Day 3 - Pre-PCI == 0         158.28     120.99   1.308    0.686
Discharge - Pre-PCI == 0      85.25     120.99   0.705    0.956
Follow-Up - Pre-PCI == 0     -46.40     120.99  -0.384    0.995
Day 3 - Admission == 0       169.20     120.99   1.398    0.629
Discharge - Admission == 0    96.17     120.99   0.795    0.932
Follow-Up - Admission == 0   -35.49     120.99  -0.293    0.998
Discharge - Day 3 == 0       -73.03     120.99  -0.604    0.975
Follow-Up - Day 3 == 0      -204.68     120.99  -1.692    0.439
Follow-Up - Discharge == 0  -131.66     120.99  -1.088    0.813
(Adjusted p values reported -- single-step method)

ANOVA misure ripetute con test di Tukey per Bcate qPCR

            numDF denDF   F-value p-value
(Intercept)     1   145 22.952850  <.0001
Timepoint       4   145  0.473548  0.7551

     Simultaneous Tests for General Linear Hypotheses

Multiple Comparisons of Means: Tukey Contrasts


Fit: lme.formula(fixed = bcate_qPCR ~ Timepoint, data = lab_long_stemi_bcate_qPCR, 
    random = ~1 | record_id)

Linear Hypotheses:
                           Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
Admission - Pre-PCI == 0     0.6166     3.6802   0.168    1.000
Day 3 - Pre-PCI == 0         1.6136     3.7288   0.433    0.993
Discharge - Pre-PCI == 0     2.6089     3.7288   0.700    0.957
Follow-Up - Pre-PCI == 0     4.6066     3.7287   1.235    0.731
Day 3 - Admission == 0       0.9970     3.7068   0.269    0.999
Discharge - Admission == 0   1.9923     3.7068   0.537    0.983
Follow-Up - Admission == 0   3.9900     3.7067   1.076    0.819
Discharge - Day 3 == 0       0.9953     3.7521   0.265    0.999
Follow-Up - Day 3 == 0       2.9930     3.7551   0.797    0.932
Follow-Up - Discharge == 0   1.9977     3.7551   0.532    0.984
(Adjusted p values reported -- single-step method)

ANOVA misure ripetute con test di Tukey per DKK1 qPCR

            numDF denDF   F-value p-value
(Intercept)     1   147 26.700071  <.0001
Timepoint       4   147  3.221447  0.0144

     Simultaneous Tests for General Linear Hypotheses

Multiple Comparisons of Means: Tukey Contrasts


Fit: lme.formula(fixed = dkk1_qPCR ~ Timepoint, data = lab_long_stemi_dkk1_qPCR, 
    random = ~1 | record_id)

Linear Hypotheses:
                           Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)  
Admission - Pre-PCI == 0   -0.02915    2.16821  -0.013   1.0000  
Day 3 - Pre-PCI == 0        1.32672    2.18015   0.609   0.9738  
Discharge - Pre-PCI == 0    3.56873    2.18015   1.637   0.4736  
Follow-Up - Pre-PCI == 0    6.41608    2.18015   2.943   0.0270 *
Day 3 - Admission == 0      1.35587    2.15215   0.630   0.9703  
Discharge - Admission == 0  3.59788    2.15215   1.672   0.4515  
Follow-Up - Admission == 0  6.44523    2.15215   2.995   0.0232 *
Discharge - Day 3 == 0      2.24201    2.16418   1.036   0.8387  
Follow-Up - Day 3 == 0      5.08936    2.16418   2.352   0.1290  
Follow-Up - Discharge == 0  2.84735    2.16418   1.316   0.6814  
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
(Adjusted p values reported -- single-step method)

Figure 2

Patients Matching

Figure 2 (matched patients)