| Characteristic | N = 1381 |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 51 (12) |
| Age Category, n (%) | |
| 0 | 124 (90%) |
| 1 | 10 (7.2%) |
| 2 | 4 (2.9%) |
| Gender, n (%) | 82 (59%) |
| PFO Type, n (%) | |
| 0 | 2 (1.4%) |
| 1 | 133 (96%) |
| 2 | 3 (2.2%) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 66 (48%) |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 65 (47%) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 10 (7.2%) |
| Smoking, n (%) | |
| 0 | 90 (65%) |
| 1 | 39 (28%) |
| 2 | 9 (6.5%) |
| Carotid Artery Disease, n (%) | 15 (11%) |
| Contraceptive Therapy, n (%) | 2 (1.4%) |
| Acute Myocardial Infarction, n (%) | 3 (2.2%) |
| Deep Vein Thrombosis, n (%) | 7 (5.1%) |
| Peripheral Artery Disease, n (%) | 14 (10%) |
| Heart Failure, n (%) | 0 (0%) |
| Pulmonary Embolism, n (%) | 2 (1.4%) |
| Anxiety - Depression, n (%) | 21 (15%) |
| Thrombophilia, n (%) | 15 (11%) |
| Migraine, n (%) | 48 (35%) |
| Cryptogenic Stroke, n (%) | 41 (30%) |
| Transient Ischemic Attack, n (%) | 38 (28%) |
| Syncope, n (%) | 16 (12%) |
| Antiplatelet Therapy, n (%) | 104 (75%) |
| Anticoagulation, n (%) | 6 (4.4%) |
| Nickel Allergy, n (%) | 7 (5.1%) |
| CHADS-VASc Score | 2.63 (1.43) |
| ROPE Score | 5.59 (1.78) |
| Left Atrium Dilation (mm) | 11 (8.3%) |
| LAVi (mL/m²) | 22.3 (7.1) |
| RA area (cm²) | 15.8 (6.0) |
| Septal Aneurysm, n (%) | 115 (96%) |
| Moderate Shunt, n (%) | 37 (31%) |
| Severe Shunt, n (%) | 81 (67%) |
| Gliosis, n (%) | 110 (81%) |
| Bilateral Cerebral Lesions, n (%) | 69 (52%) |
| PFO Dimension (mm) | 3.96 (2.34) |
| Tunnel Length (mm) | 12.4 (4.9) |
| Aortic Rim (mm) | 10.31 (2.69) |
| PFO, n (%) | 135 (99%) |
| ASD (mm) | 5 (3.7%) |
| TEE Guided, n (%) | 118 (88%) |
| ICE Guided, n (%) | 16 (12%) |
| Amplatzer, n (%) | 32 (24%) |
| Amplatzer Cribriform, n (%) | 8 (5.9%) |
| Amplatzer ASD, n (%) | 0 (0%) |
| Gore Cardioform, n (%) | 33 (24%) |
| CeraFlex, n (%) | 22 (16%) |
| Figulla Occluder, n (%) | 38 (28%) |
| Device Type, n (%) | |
| 1 | 32 (24%) |
| 2 | 8 (5.9%) |
| 4 | 33 (24%) |
| 5 | 22 (16%) |
| 6 | 38 (28%) |
| 7 | 2 (1.5%) |
| Device Size (mm) | |
| 16/18 | 1 (0.8%) |
| 18/18 | 2 (1.5%) |
| 18/25 | 29 (22%) |
| 20 | 2 (1.5%) |
| 23/25 | 25 (19%) |
| 24 | 1 (0.8%) |
| 25 | 33 (25%) |
| 25/18 | 3 (2.3%) |
| 25/25 | 17 (13%) |
| 25/30 | 1 (0.8%) |
| 27/30 | 3 (2.3%) |
| 28.5 | 1 (0.8%) |
| 28.5/28.5 | 3 (2.3%) |
| 28/28 | 2 (1.5%) |
| 30 | 6 (4.5%) |
| 30/30 | 1 (0.8%) |
| 33/33 | 1 (0.8%) |
| 35 | 1 (0.8%) |
| Device Symmetry, n (%) | 61 (47%) |
| Dimensions, n (%) | |
| 1 | 5 (3.8%) |
| 2 | 118 (91%) |
| 3 | 7 (5.4%) |
| Double Access, n (%) | 16 (12%) |
| Ultrasound-guided Puncture, n (%) | 95 (70%) |
| No Sedation, n (%) | 15 (11%) |
| Anesthesia, n (%) | 28 (21%) |
| Sedation with MID-DEX, n (%) | 92 (68%) |
| Procedural Time (minutes) | 34 (18) |
| Vascular Access Complications, n (%) | 8 (5.9%) |
| Pericardial Effusion, n (%) | 4 (3.0%) |
| Dual Antiplatelet Therapy, n (%) | 133 (99%) |
| Single Antiplatelet Therapy, n (%) | 2 (1.5%) |
| Oral Anticoagulation, n (%) | 3 (2.2%) |
| LASr Pre (%) | 35 (9) |
| LAScd Pre (%) | -20 (8) |
| LASct Pre (%) | -15.0 (5.2) |
| LAEF Pre (%) | 58 (11) |
| LASr Post (%) | 31 (13) |
| LAScd Post (%) | -16 (9) |
| LASct Post (%) | -15 (5) |
| LAEF Post (%) | 55 (10) |
| Shunt at 6 Months | |
| 0 | 74 (68%) |
| 1 | 18 (17%) |
| 2 | 11 (10%) |
| 3 | 6 (5.5%) |
| Shunt at 12 Months | |
| 0 | 2 (18%) |
| 2 | 8 (73%) |
| 3 | 1 (9.1%) |
| 1 Mean (SD); n (%) | |
PFO
Table 1
LA Strain Change
Figure 1
Table 2
| Characteristic | Pre, N = 441 | Post, N = 441 | p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| LASr (%) | 35.09 (9.19) | 30.98 (12.62) | 0.026 |
| LAScd (%) | -20.32 (8.02) | -16.02 (9.04) | 0.004 |
| LASct (%) | -15.02 (5.22) | -14.79 (5.48) | 0.7 |
| LAEF (%) | 57.80 (10.82) | 55.38 (10.37) | 0.085 |
| 1 Mean (SD) | |||
| 2 Wilcoxon rank sum test | |||
Sottopopolazione pazienti con strain pre e post
| Characteristic | N = 441 |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 51 (12) |
| Age Category, n (%) | |
| 0 | 41 (93%) |
| 1 | 2 (4.5%) |
| 2 | 1 (2.3%) |
| Gender, n (%) | 22 (50%) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 23 (52%) |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 23 (52%) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 2 (4.5%) |
| Smoking, n (%) | |
| 0 | 28 (64%) |
| 1 | 9 (20%) |
| 2 | 7 (16%) |
| Carotid Artery Disease, n (%) | 6 (14%) |
| Contraceptive Therapy, n (%) | 0 (0%) |
| Acute Myocardial Infarction, n (%) | 1 (2.3%) |
| Deep Vein Thrombosis, n (%) | 0 (0%) |
| Peripheral Artery Disease, n (%) | 3 (6.8%) |
| Heart Failure, n (%) | 0 (0%) |
| Pulmonary Embolism, n (%) | 1 (2.3%) |
| Anxiety - Depression, n (%) | 2 (4.5%) |
| Thrombophilia, n (%) | 5 (11%) |
| Migraine, n (%) | 13 (30%) |
| Cryptogenic Stroke, n (%) | 12 (27%) |
| Transient Ischemic Attack, n (%) | 9 (20%) |
| Syncope, n (%) | 6 (14%) |
| Antiplatelet Therapy, n (%) | 33 (75%) |
| Anticoagulation, n (%) | 2 (4.5%) |
| Nickel Allergy, n (%) | 2 (4.5%) |
| CHADS-VASc Score | 2.60 (1.47) |
| ROPE Score | 5.49 (1.90) |
| Left Atrium Dilation (mm) | 3 (7.7%) |
| LAVi (mL/m²) | 23 (8) |
| RA area (cm²) | 14.7 (3.6) |
| Septal Aneurysm, n (%) | 36 (95%) |
| Moderate Shunt, n (%) | 9 (23%) |
| Severe Shunt, n (%) | 28 (72%) |
| Gliosis, n (%) | 26 (62%) |
| Bilateral Cerebral Lesions, n (%) | 16 (40%) |
| PFO Dimension (mm) | 4.88 (3.46) |
| Tunnel Length (mm) | 12.6 (5.3) |
| Aortic Rim (mm) | 10.0 (3.0) |
| PFO, n (%) | 41 (98%) |
| ASD (mm) | 1 (2.4%) |
| TEE Guided, n (%) | 41 (100%) |
| ICE Guided, n (%) | 0 (0%) |
| Amplatzer, n (%) | 6 (15%) |
| Amplatzer Cribriform, n (%) | 0 (0%) |
| Amplatzer ASD, n (%) | 0 (0%) |
| Gore Cardioform, n (%) | 1 (2.4%) |
| CeraFlex, n (%) | 17 (41%) |
| Figulla Occluder, n (%) | 15 (37%) |
| Device Type, n (%) | |
| 1 | 6 (15%) |
| 4 | 1 (2.4%) |
| 5 | 17 (41%) |
| 6 | 15 (37%) |
| 7 | 2 (4.9%) |
| Device Size (mm) | |
| 16/18 | 1 (2.6%) |
| 18/25 | 7 (18%) |
| 23/25 | 9 (23%) |
| 25/18 | 1 (2.6%) |
| 25/25 | 14 (36%) |
| 25/30 | 1 (2.6%) |
| 27/30 | 1 (2.6%) |
| 28.5/28.5 | 1 (2.6%) |
| 28/28 | 2 (5.1%) |
| 30/30 | 1 (2.6%) |
| 33/33 | 1 (2.6%) |
| Device Symmetry, n (%) | 19 (51%) |
| Dimensions, n (%) | |
| 1 | 1 (2.7%) |
| 2 | 34 (92%) |
| 3 | 2 (5.4%) |
| Double Access, n (%) | 0 (0%) |
| Ultrasound-guided Puncture, n (%) | 40 (98%) |
| No Sedation, n (%) | 0 (0%) |
| Anesthesia, n (%) | 0 (0%) |
| Sedation with MID-DEX, n (%) | 41 (100%) |
| Procedural Time (minutes) | 40 (19) |
| Vascular Access Complications, n (%) | 3 (7.3%) |
| Pericardial Effusion, n (%) | 1 (2.4%) |
| Dual Antiplatelet Therapy, n (%) | 40 (98%) |
| Single Antiplatelet Therapy, n (%) | 1 (2.4%) |
| Oral Anticoagulation, n (%) | 1 (2.4%) |
| LASr Pre (%) | 35 (9) |
| LAScd Pre (%) | -20 (8) |
| LASct Pre (%) | -15.0 (5.2) |
| LAEF Pre (%) | 58 (11) |
| LASr Post (%) | 31 (13) |
| LAScd Post (%) | -16 (9) |
| LASct Post (%) | -15 (5) |
| LAEF Post (%) | 55 (10) |
| Shunt at 6 Months | |
| 0 | 14 (52%) |
| 1 | 6 (22%) |
| 2 | 7 (26%) |
| Shunt at 12 Months | |
| 2 | 6 (100%) |
| 1 Mean (SD); n (%) | |