# download the packages
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
# load the data of the csv files
data <- read.csv("Study 1 data.csv")
# Ensure the data is loaded correctly (display first few rows)
head(data)
## Participant.ID Gender Age LETHAVERAGE.T1 LETHAVERAGE.T2 LethDiff SCAVERAGE.T1
## 1 1 Woman 25 4.8 5.7 0.9 3.21053
## 2 2 Woman 20 3.4 5.0 1.6 4.00000
## 3 3 Man 23 1.8 2.4 0.6 4.94737
## 4 4 Man 26 1.2 5.4 4.2 4.47368
## 5 5 Woman 19 1.9 3.8 1.9 3.68421
## 6 6 Woman 22 5.1 5.8 0.7 1.84211
## SCAVERAGE.T2 SCdiff EXTRAVERSION SPANE.P SPANE.N SPANE.B SocialDistancing
## 1 2.94737 -0.26316 6.25000 8 27 -19 1
## 2 4.47368 0.47368 5.25000 18 20 -2 1
## 3 4.00000 -0.94737 4.25000 18 15 3 1
## 4 2.36842 -2.10526 2.66667 17 25 -8 1
## 5 3.84211 0.15790 2.91667 18 15 3 1
## 6 2.21053 0.36842 4.16667 16 26 -10 1
## SixFeet
## 1 0
## 2 3
## 3 0
## 4 3
## 5 2
## 6 0
# Create the histogram. aes(x = SCdiff) specifies that we are plotting the SCdiff variable on the x-axis.
plot1 <- #Problem: didn't match the original data pattern
ggplot(data, aes(x = SCdiff)) +
# Change the column width and colour
geom_histogram(binwidth = 0.5, fill = "grey", color = "black") +
# Customise plot with titles and x and y labels.
labs(title = "Distribution of Social Connectedness Difference Scores",
x = "Social Connectedness Difference Score (T2 - T1)",
y = "Frequency") +
# Troubleshooting: the 3 on the left side of the x-axis didn't upload so I customize x-axis ticks in a different way.
scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(-3, 3, by = 1), limits = c(-3, 3)) + # Customize x-axis ticks to include -3 to 3
scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 200, by = 50)) + # Customize y-axis ticks to include 0, 50, 100, 150
# trouble shooting: the above code didn't add 150 so I used ylim() to set the y-axis limits manually.
ylim(0, 150) + # Set y-axis limits
# APA style guidelines, use theme_minimal() function
# adjust font sizes and plot elements for clarity.
theme_minimal(base_size = 15) +
theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5),
# to remove the grey background grid lines
panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor.x = element_blank(),
panel.grid.major.y = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor.y = element_blank())
print(plot1)
plot2 <-
# Janes plot. Problem: the y axis limit needs to extend longer
hist(data$SCdiff,
main = "Distribution of Social Connectedness Score", # Title of the histogram
font.main = 1, #Unbolds the defaut bold title: '1' is for plain text
xlab = "Social Connectedness Difference Score (T2-T1)", # Label for the x-axis
ylim = c(0,180),
xlim=c(-3,3),
xaxs = "i", # Connect x-axis to y-axis
yaxs = "i" # Connect y-axis to x-axis
)
# extended y axis limit
axis(2, at = seq(0, 200, by = 50))
print(plot2)
## $breaks
## [1] -3.5 -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
##
## $counts
## [1] 2 1 8 3 31 84 154 113 50 15 5 1
##
## $density
## [1] 0.008565310 0.004282655 0.034261242 0.012847966 0.132762313 0.359743041
## [7] 0.659528908 0.483940043 0.214132762 0.064239829 0.021413276 0.004282655
##
## $mids
## [1] -3.25 -2.75 -2.25 -1.75 -1.25 -0.75 -0.25 0.25 0.75 1.25 1.75 2.25
##
## $xname
## [1] "data$SCdiff"
##
## $equidist
## [1] TRUE
##
## attr(,"class")
## [1] "histogram"
plot3 <- #change y axis numbers from vertical to horizontal
hist(data$SCdiff,
main = "Distribution of Social Connectedness Score", # Title of the histogram
font.main = 1, # Unbolds the default bold title: '1' is for plain text
xlab = "Social Connectedness Difference Score (T2-T1)", # Label for the x-axis
ylim = c(0,180),
xlim = c(-3,3),
xaxs = "i", # Connect x-axis to y-axis
yaxs = "i", # Connect y-axis to x-axis
las = 1 # Make y-axis labels horizontal
)
# Customize the y-axis, formatting according to APA guidelines and removing the tick at 0
axis(2, at = seq(50, 200, by = 50), labels = seq(50, 200, by = 50), las = 1, tck = -0.02)
print(plot3)
## $breaks
## [1] -3.5 -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
##
## $counts
## [1] 2 1 8 3 31 84 154 113 50 15 5 1
##
## $density
## [1] 0.008565310 0.004282655 0.034261242 0.012847966 0.132762313 0.359743041
## [7] 0.659528908 0.483940043 0.214132762 0.064239829 0.021413276 0.004282655
##
## $mids
## [1] -3.25 -2.75 -2.25 -1.75 -1.25 -0.75 -0.25 0.25 0.75 1.25 1.75 2.25
##
## $xname
## [1] "data$SCdiff"
##
## $equidist
## [1] TRUE
##
## attr(,"class")
## [1] "histogram"
plot4 <- #change y axis numbers from vertical to horizontal
hist(data$SCdiff,
main = "Distribution of Social Connectedness Score", # Title of the histogram
font.main = 1, # Unbolds the default bold title: '1' is for plain text
xlab = "Social Connectedness Difference Score (T2-T1)", # Label for the x-axis
ylim = c(0,180),
xlim = c(-3,3),
xaxs = "i", # Connect x-axis to y-axis
yaxs = "i", # Connect y-axis to x-axis
las = 1 # Make y-axis labels horizontal
)
# Customize the y-axis, formatting according to APA guidelines and removing the tick at 0
axis(2, at = seq(50, 200, by = 50), labels = seq(50, 200, by = 50), las = 1, tck = -0.02)
# Draw a custom axis line without the tick at 0
axis(2, at = 0, labels = FALSE, tck = 0)
print(plot4)
## $breaks
## [1] -3.5 -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
##
## $counts
## [1] 2 1 8 3 31 84 154 113 50 15 5 1
##
## $density
## [1] 0.008565310 0.004282655 0.034261242 0.012847966 0.132762313 0.359743041
## [7] 0.659528908 0.483940043 0.214132762 0.064239829 0.021413276 0.004282655
##
## $mids
## [1] -3.25 -2.75 -2.25 -1.75 -1.25 -0.75 -0.25 0.25 0.75 1.25 1.75 2.25
##
## $xname
## [1] "data$SCdiff"
##
## $equidist
## [1] TRUE
##
## attr(,"class")
## [1] "histogram"
plot5 <- #extend x-axis with a gap before -3
hist(data$SCdiff,
main = "Distribution of Social Connectedness Score", # Title of the histogram
font.main = 1, # Unbolds the default bold title: '1' is for plain text
xlab = "Social Connectedness Difference Score (T2-T1)", # Label for the x-axis
ylim = c(0,180),
xlim = c(-3.5, 3),
xaxs = "i", # Connect x-axis to y-axis
yaxs = "i", # Connect y-axis to x-axis
las = 1 # Make y-axis labels horizontal
)
# Customize the y-axis, formatting according to APA guidelines and removing the tick at 0
axis(2, at = seq(50, 200, by = 50), labels = seq(50, 200, by = 50), las = 1, tck = -0.02)
# Draw a custom axis line without the tick at 0
axis(2, at = 0, labels = FALSE, tck = 0)
# Customize the x-axis with a gap before -3
axis(1, at = seq(-3, 3, by = 1), labels = c("", -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3), tck = -0.02)
print(plot5)
## $breaks
## [1] -3.5 -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
##
## $counts
## [1] 2 1 8 3 31 84 154 113 50 15 5 1
##
## $density
## [1] 0.008565310 0.004282655 0.034261242 0.012847966 0.132762313 0.359743041
## [7] 0.659528908 0.483940043 0.214132762 0.064239829 0.021413276 0.004282655
##
## $mids
## [1] -3.25 -2.75 -2.25 -1.75 -1.25 -0.75 -0.25 0.25 0.75 1.25 1.75 2.25
##
## $xname
## [1] "data$SCdiff"
##
## $equidist
## [1] TRUE
##
## attr(,"class")
## [1] "histogram"
plot6 <- # Missing section of black line on x axis Add a black line along the x-axis
hist(data$SCdiff,
main = "Distribution of Social Connectedness Score", # Title of the histogram
font.main = 1, # Unbolds the default bold title: '1' is for plain text
xlab = "Social Connectedness Difference Score (T2-T1)", # Label for the x-axis
ylim = c(0,180),
xlim = c(-3.5, 3),
xaxs = "i", # Connect x-axis to y-axis
yaxs = "i", # Connect y-axis to x-axis
las = 1 # Make y-axis labels horizontal
)
# Customize the y-axis, formatting according to APA guidelines and removing the tick at 0
axis(2, at = seq(50, 200, by = 50), labels = seq(50, 200, by = 50), las = 1, tck = -0.02)
# Customize the x-axis with a gap before -3
axis(1, at = seq(-3, 3, by = 1), labels = c("", -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3), tck = -0.02)
# Add a black line along the x-axis
abline(h = 0, col = "black", lwd = 2)
print(plot6)
## $breaks
## [1] -3.5 -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
##
## $counts
## [1] 2 1 8 3 31 84 154 113 50 15 5 1
##
## $density
## [1] 0.008565310 0.004282655 0.034261242 0.012847966 0.132762313 0.359743041
## [7] 0.659528908 0.483940043 0.214132762 0.064239829 0.021413276 0.004282655
##
## $mids
## [1] -3.25 -2.75 -2.25 -1.75 -1.25 -0.75 -0.25 0.25 0.75 1.25 1.75 2.25
##
## $xname
## [1] "data$SCdiff"
##
## $equidist
## [1] TRUE
##
## attr(,"class")
## [1] "histogram"