library(rio)
dataok=import("dataOK_all.xlsx")
## New names:
## • `` -> `...1`

PREGUNTA: Utilizando el porcentaje de viviendas que tiene agua de red publica dentro de la vivienda, la razón de votacion de keiko entre castillo, y la tasa fallecidos por cada 1000 contagiados. Ud se propone agrupar a las provincias del Peru (sin la provincia de Lima) siguiendo diversas estrategias (no corrija correlacion negativa si la hubiera, pero siempre normalice); y en ese proceso Ud. encuentra…

names(dataok)
##  [1] "...1"                    "key"                    
##  [3] "Código"                  "pared1_Ladrillo"        
##  [5] "pared2_Piedra"           "pared3_Adobe"           
##  [7] "pared4_Tapia"            "pared5_Quincha"         
##  [9] "pared6_Piedra"           "pared7_Madera"          
## [11] "pared8_Triplay"          "pared9_Otro"            
## [13] "pared10_Total"           "techo1_Concreto"        
## [15] "techo2_Madera"           "techo3_Tejas"           
## [17] "techo4_Planchas"         "techo5_Caña"            
## [19] "techo6_Triplay"          "techo7_Paja"            
## [21] "techo8_Otro"             "techo9_Total"           
## [23] "piso1_Parquet"           "piso2_Láminas"          
## [25] "piso3_Losetas"           "piso4_Madera"           
## [27] "piso5_Cemento"           "piso6_Tierra"           
## [29] "piso7_Otro"              "piso8_Total"            
## [31] "agua1_Red"               "agua2_Red_fueraVivienda"
## [33] "agua3_Pilón"             "agua4_Camión"           
## [35] "agua5_Pozo"              "agua6_Manantial"        
## [37] "agua7_Río"               "agua8_Otro"             
## [39] "agua9_Vecino"            "agua10_Total"           
## [41] "elec1_Sí"                "elec2_No"               
## [43] "elec3_Total"             "departamento"           
## [45] "provincia"               "Castillo"               
## [47] "Keiko"                   "ganaCastillo"           
## [49] "countPositivos"          "countFallecidos"
library(BBmisc)
## Warning: package 'BBmisc' was built under R version 4.3.3
## 
## Attaching package: 'BBmisc'
## The following object is masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     isFALSE
nuevas_variables <-  dataok[, c("key" ,"agua1_Red", "Keiko", "Castillo","countPositivos" ,"countFallecidos")]
filtro_no_lima <- !grepl("LIMA", nuevas_variables$key, ignore.case = TRUE)

# Crear un nuevo dataframe con las filas que no contienen "LIMA"
datos_sin_lima <- nuevas_variables[filtro_no_lima, ]

# Mostrar el resultado
datos_sin_lima
##                                  key agua1_Red  Keiko Castillo countPositivos
## 1                     AMAZONAS+BAGUA      9429  10770    25629           8126
## 2                   AMAZONAS+BONGARA      4569   5209     8374            389
## 3               AMAZONAS+CHACHAPOYAS     10647  10473    15671           2174
## 4              AMAZONAS+CONDORCANQUI      1307   1446    13154           3481
## 5                      AMAZONAS+LUYA      7172   7840    12606            456
## 6      AMAZONAS+RODRIGUEZ DE MENDOZA      5256   5491     7967            110
## 7                 AMAZONAS+UTCUBAMBA     14712  19222    36540           3749
## 8                        ANCASH+AIJA      1451   1413     2325             79
## 9            ANCASH+ANTONIO RAIMONDI      3229    788     5056             54
## 10                   ANCASH+ASUNCION      1642    827     2860             59
## 11                  ANCASH+BOLOGNESI      4930   3994     7690            242
## 12                    ANCASH+CARHUAZ      9502   8590    18781            552
## 13  ANCASH+CARLOS FERMIN FITZCARRALD      3437   1697     6462             56
## 14                      ANCASH+CASMA      8800  15546    11328            963
## 15                    ANCASH+CORONGO      1522   1460     2174             37
## 16                     ANCASH+HUARAZ     33928  33193    58628           6741
## 17                      ANCASH+HUARI     12430   6734    27357            275
## 18                    ANCASH+HUARMEY      5977   9228     7621           1569
## 19                    ANCASH+HUAYLAS      9514  14452    13625           1168
## 20         ANCASH+MARISCAL LUZURIAGA      2218   1628     8383            172
## 21                      ANCASH+OCROS      1474   1729     1642             83
## 22                   ANCASH+PALLASCA      4705   2754     7451             83
## 23                  ANCASH+POMABAMBA      4262   2527     8884            358
## 24                     ANCASH+RECUAY      3379   2839     7790            326
## 25                      ANCASH+SANTA     85149 125495   119916          17331
## 26                     ANCASH+SIHUAS      4789   3439     9602            250
## 27                     ANCASH+YUNGAY      9396   9295    19705            432
## 28                  APURIMAC+ABANCAY     22261  15012    43244           4271
## 29              APURIMAC+ANDAHUAYLAS     23858  13578    65475           1824
## 30                APURIMAC+ANTABAMBA      1148    910     4797            112
## 31                 APURIMAC+AYMARAES      4623   2792    11122            300
## 32               APURIMAC+CHINCHEROS      8815   3938    19791            349
## 33               APURIMAC+COTABAMBAS      6705   1961    20037            611
## 34                     APURIMAC+GRAU       500   1475     9703            127
## 35                 AREQUIPA+AREQUIPA    216650 255453   433994          41760
## 36                   AREQUIPA+CAMANA     12402  14197    20623           1388
## 37                 AREQUIPA+CARAVELI      6702   9434     8422            769
## 38                 AREQUIPA+CASTILLA      7775   4070    12750            561
## 39                 AREQUIPA+CAYLLOMA     15731   7559    46879           1793
## 40               AREQUIPA+CONDESUYOS      2195   1299     5918            273
## 41                    AREQUIPA+ISLAY     12190   9743    24149           1782
## 42                 AREQUIPA+LA UNION      2759    867     5300             59
## 43                 AYACUCHO+CANGALLO      6262   1825    14901            228
## 44                 AYACUCHO+HUAMANGA     52367  28021   130092          10044
## 45            AYACUCHO+HUANCA SANCOS      2047    560     4219             77
## 46                   AYACUCHO+HUANTA     15557   7682    37536           1955
## 47                   AYACUCHO+LA MAR     11421   5411    31155            939
## 48                  AYACUCHO+LUCANAS     10802   5958    15932            771
## 49             AYACUCHO+PARINACOCHAS      5509   1992     8985            763
## 50     AYACUCHO+PAUCAR DEL SARA SARA      2676   1129     3051            191
## 51                    AYACUCHO+SUCRE      1291   1041     3425             36
## 52           AYACUCHO+VICTOR FAJARDO      4662    969     8745            197
## 53            AYACUCHO+VILCAS HUAMAN      3526   1427     8199             92
## 54               CAJAMARCA+CAJABAMBA     10029  14637    18407            644
## 55               CAJAMARCA+CAJAMARCA     62245  79417   114148           9279
## 56                CAJAMARCA+CELENDIN     11752   7597    31762            426
## 57                   CAJAMARCA+CHOTA     17137  10980    65493           1004
## 58               CAJAMARCA+CONTUMAZA      5229   5482     8516            223
## 59                 CAJAMARCA+CUTERVO     15102  15584    42346            875
## 60               CAJAMARCA+HUALGAYOC      8746   4454    41617           1192
## 61                    CAJAMARCA+JAEN     29936  31208    72760           8122
## 62             CAJAMARCA+SAN IGNACIO     13099  14199    52889           2350
## 63              CAJAMARCA+SAN MARCOS      8313   6307    17596            265
## 64              CAJAMARCA+SAN MIGUEL      7286   7467    18354            341
## 65               CAJAMARCA+SAN PABLO      4502   2593     9781            164
## 66              CAJAMARCA+SANTA CRUZ      5592   5478    13949            344
## 67                     CALLAO+CALLAO    192464 410860   198503          41449
## 68                     CUSCO+ACOMAYO      4808    952    12645            141
## 69                        CUSCO+ANTA      7829   4173    31243            581
## 70                       CUSCO+CALCA      9005   4816    33987            328
## 71                       CUSCO+CANAS      4126    957    20804            136
## 72                     CUSCO+CANCHIS     20579   4959    54914           1303
## 73                CUSCO+CHUMBIVILCAS      8341   1366    35949            315
## 74                       CUSCO+CUSCO     85442  74858   188119          16787
## 75                     CUSCO+ESPINAR      7873   2657    31461            865
## 76               CUSCO+LA CONVENCION     17038  14714    80604           3379
## 77                      CUSCO+PARURO      3981   1262    14566            108
## 78                 CUSCO+PAUCARTAMBO      2771   1898    23356            175
## 79                CUSCO+QUISPICANCHI     11048   5208    45397            690
## 80                    CUSCO+URUBAMBA     11237   5475    35037            553
## 81             HUANCAVELICA+ACOBAMBA      6817   2817    19060            660
## 82             HUANCAVELICA+ANGARAES      6813   2826    22151            866
## 83       HUANCAVELICA+CASTROVIRREYNA      2208   2962     6194            196
## 84            HUANCAVELICA+CHURCAMPA      3935   2585    13783            357
## 85         HUANCAVELICA+HUANCAVELICA     19964   7895    57887           4320
## 86             HUANCAVELICA+HUAYTARA      2137   3325     6890            260
## 87             HUANCAVELICA+TAYACAJA     13897   7372    39343           1181
## 88                      HUANUCO+AMBO      6386   9102    19053            627
## 89               HUANUCO+DOS DE MAYO      4214   3224    13494            366
## 90               HUANUCO+HUACAYBAMBA      2321   1144     5666            160
## 91                 HUANUCO+HUAMALIES      7579   4374    20827            568
## 92                   HUANUCO+HUANUCO     41143  56436    99963          11515
## 93                HUANUCO+LAURICOCHA       754   1486     8868             60
## 94             HUANUCO+LEONCIO PRADO     15284  30690    36550           1660
## 95                   HUANUCO+MARANON      2586   3809     8579            288
## 96                  HUANUCO+PACHITEA      3691   4568    20480            385
## 97               HUANUCO+PUERTO INCA      1453   5788     9290           1221
## 98                 HUANUCO+YAROWILCA      1768   1278    12393            154
## 99                       ICA+CHINCHA     42693  69260    60889           5865
## 100                          ICA+ICA     75513 119312   105869          15249
## 101                        ICA+NAZCA     11249  20755    20001           2470
## 102                        ICA+PALPA      2879   4359     4385           1146
## 103                        ICA+PISCO     31068  43954    42172           5857
## 104                JUNIN+CHANCHAMAYO     23609  38205    43805           3926
## 105                    JUNIN+CHUPACA     10563  11190    23896           1730
## 106                 JUNIN+CONCEPCION     11104  13948    18344            740
## 107                   JUNIN+HUANCAYO    113748 127408   192763          13704
## 108                      JUNIN+JAUJA     18617  23194    24646           1081
## 109                      JUNIN+JUNIN      5179   3698     7902            550
## 110                     JUNIN+SATIPO     17225  36845    46149           4141
## 111                      JUNIN+TARMA     17586  24617    26099           1245
## 112                      JUNIN+YAULI      7454   6270    12994           1182
## 113               LA LIBERTAD+ASCOPE     24533  40901    27260           2206
## 114              LA LIBERTAD+BOLIVAR      2169   2217     3522             18
## 115               LA LIBERTAD+CHEPEN     16291  26168    20163           2386
## 116           LA LIBERTAD+GRAN CHIMU      2766   9046     4215            507
## 117               LA LIBERTAD+JULCAN      2546   6768     8611            132
## 118               LA LIBERTAD+OTUZCO     11855  20611    22808            862
## 119            LA LIBERTAD+PACASMAYO     22759  31841    23759           1595
## 120                LA LIBERTAD+PATAZ      9967  12728    17526            765
## 121      LA LIBERTAD+SANCHEZ CARRION     17895  32657    33875           1632
## 122    LA LIBERTAD+SANTIAGO DE CHUCO      6987  10543    13560            534
## 123             LA LIBERTAD+TRUJILLO    184740 373297   189118          25343
## 124                 LA LIBERTAD+VIRU     16327  21640    27807           1412
## 125              LAMBAYEQUE+CHICLAYO    160875 282879   191094          23247
## 126             LAMBAYEQUE+FERRENAFE     15183  25145    26528           3389
## 127            LAMBAYEQUE+LAMBAYEQUE     42646  95192    72162           6817
## 138             LORETO+ALTO AMAZONAS     13116  16652    37033           2446
## 139         LORETO+DATEM DEL MARANON       496   5820    11948           2373
## 140                    LORETO+LORETO      1471  13517    11058           3318
## 141   LORETO+MARISCAL RAMON CASTILLA      1608  15274     6172           1371
## 142                    LORETO+MAYNAS     64783 129868   104623          13412
## 143                  LORETO+PUTUMAYO        78   1596      825           1205
## 144                   LORETO+REQUENA      2406  15804     8780           1539
## 145                   LORETO+UCAYALI      3513   9701    13163            770
## 146               MADRE DE DIOS+MANU      1542   1563     5913            619
## 147          MADRE DE DIOS+TAHUAMANU      1356   1831     3328           1037
## 148          MADRE DE DIOS+TAMBOPATA     20280  19978    48146           7931
## 149   MOQUEGUA+GENERAL SANCHEZ CERRO      2094   1428     7860            455
## 150                     MOQUEGUA+ILO     18478  16620    30351           4621
## 151          MOQUEGUA+MARISCAL NIETO     20312  11530    42103          10749
## 152     PASCO+DANIEL ALCIDES CARRION      2140   2156    12965            536
## 153                   PASCO+OXAPAMPA      8454  25276    18793           1650
## 154                      PASCO+PASCO     16208  16490    51093           4184
## 155                    PIURA+AYABACA      7620  13616    37307           1050
## 156                PIURA+HUANCABAMBA      7756  16342    36285            494
## 157                   PIURA+MORROPON     28376  51538    38125           1784
## 158                      PIURA+PAITA     22789  39073    28079           4233
## 159                      PIURA+PIURA    128943 270148   150379          20513
## 160                    PIURA+SECHURA     13409  25082    16243           1071
## 161                    PIURA+SULLANA     51801 127220    50265           9463
## 162                     PIURA+TALARA     27556  41366    32122           3776
## 163                    PUNO+AZANGARO      9532   3619    73914            929
## 164                    PUNO+CARABAYA      6793   3449    29851            535
## 165                    PUNO+CHUCUITO      8470   2888    42441            688
## 166                   PUNO+EL COLLAO      5337   2178    38666            554
## 167                    PUNO+HUANCANE      7212   2194    40124            573
## 168                       PUNO+LAMPA      4694   2492    26417            570
## 169                      PUNO+MELGAR     10302   2794    39150            748
## 170                        PUNO+MOHO      4622    783    13967            128
## 171                        PUNO+PUNO     35338  21223   121745           6131
## 172       PUNO+SAN ANTONIO DE PUTINA      3250   1251    17280            288
## 173                   PUNO+SAN ROMAN     42418  29911   151974           7107
## 174                      PUNO+SANDIA      3236   3274    27808            360
## 175                     PUNO+YUNGUYO      6700   1668    18631            306
## 176            SAN MARTIN+BELLAVISTA      6085   9708    17096           1235
## 177             SAN MARTIN+EL DORADO      5474   7269    11569           1770
## 178              SAN MARTIN+HUALLAGA      5405   5824     8189           1056
## 179                 SAN MARTIN+LAMAS     12216  19430    23338           2051
## 180      SAN MARTIN+MARISCAL CACERES      9896  13410    16909           1797
## 181             SAN MARTIN+MOYOBAMBA     22560  27454    36838           3371
## 182                SAN MARTIN+PICOTA      6050  10474    12310            851
## 183                 SAN MARTIN+RIOJA     22832  25885    40384           3072
## 184            SAN MARTIN+SAN MARTIN     39283  56609    49503           8207
## 185               SAN MARTIN+TOCACHE      9569  12684    25181           2197
## 186                  TACNA+CANDARAVE      1091    400     3725            133
## 187              TACNA+JORGE BASADRE      2447   1087     5152            406
## 188                      TACNA+TACNA     66286  56145   141357          13710
## 189                     TACNA+TARATA      1530    675     3989            140
## 190     TUMBES+CONTRALMIRANTE VILLAR      3515   8411     3159            486
## 191                    TUMBES+TUMBES     30193  53536    31485           7419
## 192                 TUMBES+ZARUMILLA      7943  18117     6820           1599
## 193                  UCAYALI+ATALAYA      3164   9615     8287            483
## 194         UCAYALI+CORONEL PORTILLO     43393 109284    89402          16653
## 195               UCAYALI+PADRE ABAD      7275  10287    23023           1676
## 196                    UCAYALI+PURUS         2   1054      369            351
##     countFallecidos
## 1               462
## 2                72
## 3               281
## 4               111
## 5                88
## 6                60
## 7               336
## 8                26
## 9                31
## 10               21
## 11               96
## 12              163
## 13               34
## 14              362
## 15               19
## 16             1127
## 17              154
## 18              238
## 19              236
## 20               48
## 21               25
## 22               81
## 23               95
## 24               76
## 25             4372
## 26               69
## 27              141
## 28              645
## 29              529
## 30               52
## 31              114
## 32              163
## 33              125
## 34               73
## 35             8733
## 36              443
## 37              232
## 38              174
## 39              508
## 40               76
## 41              483
## 42               46
## 43               78
## 44             1310
## 45               21
## 46              309
## 47              174
## 48              203
## 49              134
## 50               54
## 51               38
## 52               61
## 53               49
## 54              230
## 55             1679
## 56              218
## 57              301
## 58              104
## 59              228
## 60              187
## 61              998
## 62              289
## 63              122
## 64              127
## 65               54
## 66               95
## 67            10967
## 68               56
## 69              245
## 70              139
## 71               98
## 72              497
## 73              168
## 74             2662
## 75              137
## 76              578
## 77               75
## 78               90
## 79              356
## 80              221
## 81              143
## 82              164
## 83               46
## 84               72
## 85              581
## 86               70
## 87              227
## 88              178
## 89              110
## 90               30
## 91              116
## 92             1679
## 93               52
## 94              594
## 95               38
## 96               67
## 97               57
## 98               49
## 99             2782
## 100            3948
## 101             712
## 102             186
## 103            1514
## 104             978
## 105             343
## 106             254
## 107            3889
## 108             584
## 109             144
## 110             483
## 111             624
## 112             350
## 113             929
## 114              22
## 115             758
## 116              76
## 117              44
## 118             196
## 119             768
## 120             111
## 121             206
## 122             126
## 123            7421
## 124             439
## 125            7159
## 126             687
## 127            1677
## 138             432
## 139             117
## 140             159
## 141             152
## 142            3275
## 143              23
## 144             198
## 145             152
## 146              49
## 147              54
## 148             790
## 149              59
## 150             824
## 151             840
## 152             106
## 153             381
## 154             654
## 155             316
## 156             226
## 157            1314
## 158            1020
## 159            5984
## 160             457
## 161            2534
## 162            1401
## 163             291
## 164             141
## 165             218
## 166             234
## 167             177
## 168             150
## 169             243
## 170              46
## 171            1512
## 172              64
## 173            1499
## 174             107
## 175             185
## 176             203
## 177              80
## 178              97
## 179             241
## 180             289
## 181             447
## 182             161
## 183             352
## 184            1155
## 185             229
## 186              18
## 187              43
## 188            2190
## 189              34
## 190             161
## 191            1331
## 192             282
## 193             111
## 194            3001
## 195             194
## 196               6
library(dplyr)
## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:BBmisc':
## 
##     coalesce, collapse, symdiff
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
datos_sin_lima <- datos_sin_lima %>%
  mutate(razon_votacion = Keiko / Castillo) %>%
  select(-Keiko, -Castillo)  # Eliminar las columnas de votos individuales de Keiko y Castillo

# Mostrar el conjunto de datos actualizado
print(datos_sin_lima)
##                                  key agua1_Red countPositivos countFallecidos
## 1                     AMAZONAS+BAGUA      9429           8126             462
## 2                   AMAZONAS+BONGARA      4569            389              72
## 3               AMAZONAS+CHACHAPOYAS     10647           2174             281
## 4              AMAZONAS+CONDORCANQUI      1307           3481             111
## 5                      AMAZONAS+LUYA      7172            456              88
## 6      AMAZONAS+RODRIGUEZ DE MENDOZA      5256            110              60
## 7                 AMAZONAS+UTCUBAMBA     14712           3749             336
## 8                        ANCASH+AIJA      1451             79              26
## 9            ANCASH+ANTONIO RAIMONDI      3229             54              31
## 10                   ANCASH+ASUNCION      1642             59              21
## 11                  ANCASH+BOLOGNESI      4930            242              96
## 12                    ANCASH+CARHUAZ      9502            552             163
## 13  ANCASH+CARLOS FERMIN FITZCARRALD      3437             56              34
## 14                      ANCASH+CASMA      8800            963             362
## 15                    ANCASH+CORONGO      1522             37              19
## 16                     ANCASH+HUARAZ     33928           6741            1127
## 17                      ANCASH+HUARI     12430            275             154
## 18                    ANCASH+HUARMEY      5977           1569             238
## 19                    ANCASH+HUAYLAS      9514           1168             236
## 20         ANCASH+MARISCAL LUZURIAGA      2218            172              48
## 21                      ANCASH+OCROS      1474             83              25
## 22                   ANCASH+PALLASCA      4705             83              81
## 23                  ANCASH+POMABAMBA      4262            358              95
## 24                     ANCASH+RECUAY      3379            326              76
## 25                      ANCASH+SANTA     85149          17331            4372
## 26                     ANCASH+SIHUAS      4789            250              69
## 27                     ANCASH+YUNGAY      9396            432             141
## 28                  APURIMAC+ABANCAY     22261           4271             645
## 29              APURIMAC+ANDAHUAYLAS     23858           1824             529
## 30                APURIMAC+ANTABAMBA      1148            112              52
## 31                 APURIMAC+AYMARAES      4623            300             114
## 32               APURIMAC+CHINCHEROS      8815            349             163
## 33               APURIMAC+COTABAMBAS      6705            611             125
## 34                     APURIMAC+GRAU       500            127              73
## 35                 AREQUIPA+AREQUIPA    216650          41760            8733
## 36                   AREQUIPA+CAMANA     12402           1388             443
## 37                 AREQUIPA+CARAVELI      6702            769             232
## 38                 AREQUIPA+CASTILLA      7775            561             174
## 39                 AREQUIPA+CAYLLOMA     15731           1793             508
## 40               AREQUIPA+CONDESUYOS      2195            273              76
## 41                    AREQUIPA+ISLAY     12190           1782             483
## 42                 AREQUIPA+LA UNION      2759             59              46
## 43                 AYACUCHO+CANGALLO      6262            228              78
## 44                 AYACUCHO+HUAMANGA     52367          10044            1310
## 45            AYACUCHO+HUANCA SANCOS      2047             77              21
## 46                   AYACUCHO+HUANTA     15557           1955             309
## 47                   AYACUCHO+LA MAR     11421            939             174
## 48                  AYACUCHO+LUCANAS     10802            771             203
## 49             AYACUCHO+PARINACOCHAS      5509            763             134
## 50     AYACUCHO+PAUCAR DEL SARA SARA      2676            191              54
## 51                    AYACUCHO+SUCRE      1291             36              38
## 52           AYACUCHO+VICTOR FAJARDO      4662            197              61
## 53            AYACUCHO+VILCAS HUAMAN      3526             92              49
## 54               CAJAMARCA+CAJABAMBA     10029            644             230
## 55               CAJAMARCA+CAJAMARCA     62245           9279            1679
## 56                CAJAMARCA+CELENDIN     11752            426             218
## 57                   CAJAMARCA+CHOTA     17137           1004             301
## 58               CAJAMARCA+CONTUMAZA      5229            223             104
## 59                 CAJAMARCA+CUTERVO     15102            875             228
## 60               CAJAMARCA+HUALGAYOC      8746           1192             187
## 61                    CAJAMARCA+JAEN     29936           8122             998
## 62             CAJAMARCA+SAN IGNACIO     13099           2350             289
## 63              CAJAMARCA+SAN MARCOS      8313            265             122
## 64              CAJAMARCA+SAN MIGUEL      7286            341             127
## 65               CAJAMARCA+SAN PABLO      4502            164              54
## 66              CAJAMARCA+SANTA CRUZ      5592            344              95
## 67                     CALLAO+CALLAO    192464          41449           10967
## 68                     CUSCO+ACOMAYO      4808            141              56
## 69                        CUSCO+ANTA      7829            581             245
## 70                       CUSCO+CALCA      9005            328             139
## 71                       CUSCO+CANAS      4126            136              98
## 72                     CUSCO+CANCHIS     20579           1303             497
## 73                CUSCO+CHUMBIVILCAS      8341            315             168
## 74                       CUSCO+CUSCO     85442          16787            2662
## 75                     CUSCO+ESPINAR      7873            865             137
## 76               CUSCO+LA CONVENCION     17038           3379             578
## 77                      CUSCO+PARURO      3981            108              75
## 78                 CUSCO+PAUCARTAMBO      2771            175              90
## 79                CUSCO+QUISPICANCHI     11048            690             356
## 80                    CUSCO+URUBAMBA     11237            553             221
## 81             HUANCAVELICA+ACOBAMBA      6817            660             143
## 82             HUANCAVELICA+ANGARAES      6813            866             164
## 83       HUANCAVELICA+CASTROVIRREYNA      2208            196              46
## 84            HUANCAVELICA+CHURCAMPA      3935            357              72
## 85         HUANCAVELICA+HUANCAVELICA     19964           4320             581
## 86             HUANCAVELICA+HUAYTARA      2137            260              70
## 87             HUANCAVELICA+TAYACAJA     13897           1181             227
## 88                      HUANUCO+AMBO      6386            627             178
## 89               HUANUCO+DOS DE MAYO      4214            366             110
## 90               HUANUCO+HUACAYBAMBA      2321            160              30
## 91                 HUANUCO+HUAMALIES      7579            568             116
## 92                   HUANUCO+HUANUCO     41143          11515            1679
## 93                HUANUCO+LAURICOCHA       754             60              52
## 94             HUANUCO+LEONCIO PRADO     15284           1660             594
## 95                   HUANUCO+MARANON      2586            288              38
## 96                  HUANUCO+PACHITEA      3691            385              67
## 97               HUANUCO+PUERTO INCA      1453           1221              57
## 98                 HUANUCO+YAROWILCA      1768            154              49
## 99                       ICA+CHINCHA     42693           5865            2782
## 100                          ICA+ICA     75513          15249            3948
## 101                        ICA+NAZCA     11249           2470             712
## 102                        ICA+PALPA      2879           1146             186
## 103                        ICA+PISCO     31068           5857            1514
## 104                JUNIN+CHANCHAMAYO     23609           3926             978
## 105                    JUNIN+CHUPACA     10563           1730             343
## 106                 JUNIN+CONCEPCION     11104            740             254
## 107                   JUNIN+HUANCAYO    113748          13704            3889
## 108                      JUNIN+JAUJA     18617           1081             584
## 109                      JUNIN+JUNIN      5179            550             144
## 110                     JUNIN+SATIPO     17225           4141             483
## 111                      JUNIN+TARMA     17586           1245             624
## 112                      JUNIN+YAULI      7454           1182             350
## 113               LA LIBERTAD+ASCOPE     24533           2206             929
## 114              LA LIBERTAD+BOLIVAR      2169             18              22
## 115               LA LIBERTAD+CHEPEN     16291           2386             758
## 116           LA LIBERTAD+GRAN CHIMU      2766            507              76
## 117               LA LIBERTAD+JULCAN      2546            132              44
## 118               LA LIBERTAD+OTUZCO     11855            862             196
## 119            LA LIBERTAD+PACASMAYO     22759           1595             768
## 120                LA LIBERTAD+PATAZ      9967            765             111
## 121      LA LIBERTAD+SANCHEZ CARRION     17895           1632             206
## 122    LA LIBERTAD+SANTIAGO DE CHUCO      6987            534             126
## 123             LA LIBERTAD+TRUJILLO    184740          25343            7421
## 124                 LA LIBERTAD+VIRU     16327           1412             439
## 125              LAMBAYEQUE+CHICLAYO    160875          23247            7159
## 126             LAMBAYEQUE+FERRENAFE     15183           3389             687
## 127            LAMBAYEQUE+LAMBAYEQUE     42646           6817            1677
## 138             LORETO+ALTO AMAZONAS     13116           2446             432
## 139         LORETO+DATEM DEL MARANON       496           2373             117
## 140                    LORETO+LORETO      1471           3318             159
## 141   LORETO+MARISCAL RAMON CASTILLA      1608           1371             152
## 142                    LORETO+MAYNAS     64783          13412            3275
## 143                  LORETO+PUTUMAYO        78           1205              23
## 144                   LORETO+REQUENA      2406           1539             198
## 145                   LORETO+UCAYALI      3513            770             152
## 146               MADRE DE DIOS+MANU      1542            619              49
## 147          MADRE DE DIOS+TAHUAMANU      1356           1037              54
## 148          MADRE DE DIOS+TAMBOPATA     20280           7931             790
## 149   MOQUEGUA+GENERAL SANCHEZ CERRO      2094            455              59
## 150                     MOQUEGUA+ILO     18478           4621             824
## 151          MOQUEGUA+MARISCAL NIETO     20312          10749             840
## 152     PASCO+DANIEL ALCIDES CARRION      2140            536             106
## 153                   PASCO+OXAPAMPA      8454           1650             381
## 154                      PASCO+PASCO     16208           4184             654
## 155                    PIURA+AYABACA      7620           1050             316
## 156                PIURA+HUANCABAMBA      7756            494             226
## 157                   PIURA+MORROPON     28376           1784            1314
## 158                      PIURA+PAITA     22789           4233            1020
## 159                      PIURA+PIURA    128943          20513            5984
## 160                    PIURA+SECHURA     13409           1071             457
## 161                    PIURA+SULLANA     51801           9463            2534
## 162                     PIURA+TALARA     27556           3776            1401
## 163                    PUNO+AZANGARO      9532            929             291
## 164                    PUNO+CARABAYA      6793            535             141
## 165                    PUNO+CHUCUITO      8470            688             218
## 166                   PUNO+EL COLLAO      5337            554             234
## 167                    PUNO+HUANCANE      7212            573             177
## 168                       PUNO+LAMPA      4694            570             150
## 169                      PUNO+MELGAR     10302            748             243
## 170                        PUNO+MOHO      4622            128              46
## 171                        PUNO+PUNO     35338           6131            1512
## 172       PUNO+SAN ANTONIO DE PUTINA      3250            288              64
## 173                   PUNO+SAN ROMAN     42418           7107            1499
## 174                      PUNO+SANDIA      3236            360             107
## 175                     PUNO+YUNGUYO      6700            306             185
## 176            SAN MARTIN+BELLAVISTA      6085           1235             203
## 177             SAN MARTIN+EL DORADO      5474           1770              80
## 178              SAN MARTIN+HUALLAGA      5405           1056              97
## 179                 SAN MARTIN+LAMAS     12216           2051             241
## 180      SAN MARTIN+MARISCAL CACERES      9896           1797             289
## 181             SAN MARTIN+MOYOBAMBA     22560           3371             447
## 182                SAN MARTIN+PICOTA      6050            851             161
## 183                 SAN MARTIN+RIOJA     22832           3072             352
## 184            SAN MARTIN+SAN MARTIN     39283           8207            1155
## 185               SAN MARTIN+TOCACHE      9569           2197             229
## 186                  TACNA+CANDARAVE      1091            133              18
## 187              TACNA+JORGE BASADRE      2447            406              43
## 188                      TACNA+TACNA     66286          13710            2190
## 189                     TACNA+TARATA      1530            140              34
## 190     TUMBES+CONTRALMIRANTE VILLAR      3515            486             161
## 191                    TUMBES+TUMBES     30193           7419            1331
## 192                 TUMBES+ZARUMILLA      7943           1599             282
## 193                  UCAYALI+ATALAYA      3164            483             111
## 194         UCAYALI+CORONEL PORTILLO     43393          16653            3001
## 195               UCAYALI+PADRE ABAD      7275           1676             194
## 196                    UCAYALI+PURUS         2            351               6
##     razon_votacion
## 1       0.42022709
## 2       0.62204442
## 3       0.66830451
## 4       0.10992854
## 5       0.62192607
## 6       0.68921802
## 7       0.52605364
## 8       0.60774194
## 9       0.15585443
## 10      0.28916084
## 11      0.51937581
## 12      0.45737714
## 13      0.26261219
## 14      1.37235169
## 15      0.67157314
## 16      0.56616293
## 17      0.24615272
## 18      1.21086472
## 19      1.06069725
## 20      0.19420255
## 21      1.05298417
## 22      0.36961482
## 23      0.28444394
## 24      0.36444159
## 25      1.04652423
## 26      0.35815455
## 27      0.47170769
## 28      0.34714642
## 29      0.20737686
## 30      0.18970190
## 31      0.25103399
## 32      0.19897933
## 33      0.09786894
## 34      0.15201484
## 35      0.58860952
## 36      0.68840615
## 37      1.12016148
## 38      0.31921569
## 39      0.16124491
## 40      0.21949983
## 41      0.40345356
## 42      0.16358491
## 43      0.12247500
## 44      0.21539372
## 45      0.13273288
## 46      0.20465686
## 47      0.17367999
## 48      0.37396435
## 49      0.22170284
## 50      0.37004261
## 51      0.30394161
## 52      0.11080617
## 53      0.17404562
## 54      0.79518661
## 55      0.69573711
## 56      0.23918519
## 57      0.16765150
## 58      0.64372945
## 59      0.36801587
## 60      0.10702357
## 61      0.42891699
## 62      0.26846792
## 63      0.35843373
## 64      0.40683230
## 65      0.26510582
## 66      0.39271632
## 67      2.06979240
## 68      0.07528667
## 69      0.13356592
## 70      0.14170124
## 71      0.04600077
## 72      0.09030484
## 73      0.03799828
## 74      0.39792897
## 75      0.08445377
## 76      0.18254677
## 77      0.08664012
## 78      0.08126392
## 79      0.11472124
## 80      0.15626338
## 81      0.14779643
## 82      0.12757889
## 83      0.47820471
## 84      0.18754988
## 85      0.13638641
## 86      0.48258345
## 87      0.18737768
## 88      0.47772004
## 89      0.23892100
## 90      0.20190611
## 91      0.21001584
## 92      0.56456889
## 93      0.16756879
## 94      0.83967168
## 95      0.44399114
## 96      0.22304688
## 97      0.62303552
## 98      0.10312273
## 99      1.13747968
## 100     1.12697768
## 101     1.03769812
## 102     0.99407070
## 103     1.04225552
## 104     0.87216071
## 105     0.46827921
## 106     0.76035761
## 107     0.66095672
## 108     0.94108577
## 109     0.46798279
## 110     0.79839216
## 111     0.94321622
## 112     0.48253040
## 113     1.50040352
## 114     0.62947189
## 115     1.29782274
## 116     2.14614472
## 117     0.78597143
## 118     0.90367415
## 119     1.34016583
## 120     0.72623531
## 121     0.96404428
## 122     0.77750737
## 123     1.97388403
## 124     0.77822131
## 125     1.48031335
## 126     0.94786641
## 127     1.31914304
## 138     0.44965301
## 139     0.48711081
## 140     1.22237294
## 141     2.47472456
## 142     1.24129494
## 143     1.93454545
## 144     1.80000000
## 145     0.73699005
## 146     0.26433283
## 147     0.55018029
## 148     0.41494621
## 149     0.18167939
## 150     0.54759316
## 151     0.27385222
## 152     0.16629387
## 153     1.34496887
## 154     0.32274480
## 155     0.36497172
## 156     0.45037894
## 157     1.35181639
## 158     1.39153816
## 159     1.79644764
## 160     1.54417287
## 161     2.53098578
## 162     1.28777785
## 163     0.04896231
## 164     0.11554052
## 165     0.06804741
## 166     0.05632856
## 167     0.05468049
## 168     0.09433319
## 169     0.07136654
## 170     0.05606071
## 171     0.17432338
## 172     0.07239583
## 173     0.19681656
## 174     0.11773590
## 175     0.08952821
## 176     0.56785213
## 177     0.62831705
## 178     0.71119795
## 179     0.83254778
## 180     0.79306878
## 181     0.74526304
## 182     0.85085297
## 183     0.64097167
## 184     1.14354686
## 185     0.50371312
## 186     0.10738255
## 187     0.21098602
## 188     0.39718585
## 189     0.16921534
## 190     2.66255144
## 191     1.70036525
## 192     2.65645161
## 193     1.16025100
## 194     1.22238876
## 195     0.44681406
## 196     2.85636856
datos_sin_lima <- datos_sin_lima %>%
  mutate(tasa_fallecidos =(datos_sin_lima$countFallecidos / datos_sin_lima$countPositivos) * 1000) %>%
  select(-countFallecidos, -countPositivos) 

# Mostrar el resultado
print(datos_sin_lima)
##                                  key agua1_Red razon_votacion tasa_fallecidos
## 1                     AMAZONAS+BAGUA      9429     0.42022709        56.85454
## 2                   AMAZONAS+BONGARA      4569     0.62204442       185.08997
## 3               AMAZONAS+CHACHAPOYAS     10647     0.66830451       129.25483
## 4              AMAZONAS+CONDORCANQUI      1307     0.10992854        31.88739
## 5                      AMAZONAS+LUYA      7172     0.62192607       192.98246
## 6      AMAZONAS+RODRIGUEZ DE MENDOZA      5256     0.68921802       545.45455
## 7                 AMAZONAS+UTCUBAMBA     14712     0.52605364        89.62390
## 8                        ANCASH+AIJA      1451     0.60774194       329.11392
## 9            ANCASH+ANTONIO RAIMONDI      3229     0.15585443       574.07407
## 10                   ANCASH+ASUNCION      1642     0.28916084       355.93220
## 11                  ANCASH+BOLOGNESI      4930     0.51937581       396.69421
## 12                    ANCASH+CARHUAZ      9502     0.45737714       295.28986
## 13  ANCASH+CARLOS FERMIN FITZCARRALD      3437     0.26261219       607.14286
## 14                      ANCASH+CASMA      8800     1.37235169       375.90862
## 15                    ANCASH+CORONGO      1522     0.67157314       513.51351
## 16                     ANCASH+HUARAZ     33928     0.56616293       167.18588
## 17                      ANCASH+HUARI     12430     0.24615272       560.00000
## 18                    ANCASH+HUARMEY      5977     1.21086472       151.68897
## 19                    ANCASH+HUAYLAS      9514     1.06069725       202.05479
## 20         ANCASH+MARISCAL LUZURIAGA      2218     0.19420255       279.06977
## 21                      ANCASH+OCROS      1474     1.05298417       301.20482
## 22                   ANCASH+PALLASCA      4705     0.36961482       975.90361
## 23                  ANCASH+POMABAMBA      4262     0.28444394       265.36313
## 24                     ANCASH+RECUAY      3379     0.36444159       233.12883
## 25                      ANCASH+SANTA     85149     1.04652423       252.26473
## 26                     ANCASH+SIHUAS      4789     0.35815455       276.00000
## 27                     ANCASH+YUNGAY      9396     0.47170769       326.38889
## 28                  APURIMAC+ABANCAY     22261     0.34714642       151.01850
## 29              APURIMAC+ANDAHUAYLAS     23858     0.20737686       290.02193
## 30                APURIMAC+ANTABAMBA      1148     0.18970190       464.28571
## 31                 APURIMAC+AYMARAES      4623     0.25103399       380.00000
## 32               APURIMAC+CHINCHEROS      8815     0.19897933       467.04871
## 33               APURIMAC+COTABAMBAS      6705     0.09786894       204.58265
## 34                     APURIMAC+GRAU       500     0.15201484       574.80315
## 35                 AREQUIPA+AREQUIPA    216650     0.58860952       209.12356
## 36                   AREQUIPA+CAMANA     12402     0.68840615       319.16427
## 37                 AREQUIPA+CARAVELI      6702     1.12016148       301.69051
## 38                 AREQUIPA+CASTILLA      7775     0.31921569       310.16043
## 39                 AREQUIPA+CAYLLOMA     15731     0.16124491       283.32404
## 40               AREQUIPA+CONDESUYOS      2195     0.21949983       278.38828
## 41                    AREQUIPA+ISLAY     12190     0.40345356       271.04377
## 42                 AREQUIPA+LA UNION      2759     0.16358491       779.66102
## 43                 AYACUCHO+CANGALLO      6262     0.12247500       342.10526
## 44                 AYACUCHO+HUAMANGA     52367     0.21539372       130.42613
## 45            AYACUCHO+HUANCA SANCOS      2047     0.13273288       272.72727
## 46                   AYACUCHO+HUANTA     15557     0.20465686       158.05627
## 47                   AYACUCHO+LA MAR     11421     0.17367999       185.30351
## 48                  AYACUCHO+LUCANAS     10802     0.37396435       263.29442
## 49             AYACUCHO+PARINACOCHAS      5509     0.22170284       175.62254
## 50     AYACUCHO+PAUCAR DEL SARA SARA      2676     0.37004261       282.72251
## 51                    AYACUCHO+SUCRE      1291     0.30394161      1055.55556
## 52           AYACUCHO+VICTOR FAJARDO      4662     0.11080617       309.64467
## 53            AYACUCHO+VILCAS HUAMAN      3526     0.17404562       532.60870
## 54               CAJAMARCA+CAJABAMBA     10029     0.79518661       357.14286
## 55               CAJAMARCA+CAJAMARCA     62245     0.69573711       180.94622
## 56                CAJAMARCA+CELENDIN     11752     0.23918519       511.73709
## 57                   CAJAMARCA+CHOTA     17137     0.16765150       299.80080
## 58               CAJAMARCA+CONTUMAZA      5229     0.64372945       466.36771
## 59                 CAJAMARCA+CUTERVO     15102     0.36801587       260.57143
## 60               CAJAMARCA+HUALGAYOC      8746     0.10702357       156.87919
## 61                    CAJAMARCA+JAEN     29936     0.42891699       122.87614
## 62             CAJAMARCA+SAN IGNACIO     13099     0.26846792       122.97872
## 63              CAJAMARCA+SAN MARCOS      8313     0.35843373       460.37736
## 64              CAJAMARCA+SAN MIGUEL      7286     0.40683230       372.43402
## 65               CAJAMARCA+SAN PABLO      4502     0.26510582       329.26829
## 66              CAJAMARCA+SANTA CRUZ      5592     0.39271632       276.16279
## 67                     CALLAO+CALLAO    192464     2.06979240       264.59022
## 68                     CUSCO+ACOMAYO      4808     0.07528667       397.16312
## 69                        CUSCO+ANTA      7829     0.13356592       421.68675
## 70                       CUSCO+CALCA      9005     0.14170124       423.78049
## 71                       CUSCO+CANAS      4126     0.04600077       720.58824
## 72                     CUSCO+CANCHIS     20579     0.09030484       381.42748
## 73                CUSCO+CHUMBIVILCAS      8341     0.03799828       533.33333
## 74                       CUSCO+CUSCO     85442     0.39792897       158.57509
## 75                     CUSCO+ESPINAR      7873     0.08445377       158.38150
## 76               CUSCO+LA CONVENCION     17038     0.18254677       171.05653
## 77                      CUSCO+PARURO      3981     0.08664012       694.44444
## 78                 CUSCO+PAUCARTAMBO      2771     0.08126392       514.28571
## 79                CUSCO+QUISPICANCHI     11048     0.11472124       515.94203
## 80                    CUSCO+URUBAMBA     11237     0.15626338       399.63834
## 81             HUANCAVELICA+ACOBAMBA      6817     0.14779643       216.66667
## 82             HUANCAVELICA+ANGARAES      6813     0.12757889       189.37644
## 83       HUANCAVELICA+CASTROVIRREYNA      2208     0.47820471       234.69388
## 84            HUANCAVELICA+CHURCAMPA      3935     0.18754988       201.68067
## 85         HUANCAVELICA+HUANCAVELICA     19964     0.13638641       134.49074
## 86             HUANCAVELICA+HUAYTARA      2137     0.48258345       269.23077
## 87             HUANCAVELICA+TAYACAJA     13897     0.18737768       192.20999
## 88                      HUANUCO+AMBO      6386     0.47772004       283.89155
## 89               HUANUCO+DOS DE MAYO      4214     0.23892100       300.54645
## 90               HUANUCO+HUACAYBAMBA      2321     0.20190611       187.50000
## 91                 HUANUCO+HUAMALIES      7579     0.21001584       204.22535
## 92                   HUANUCO+HUANUCO     41143     0.56456889       145.80981
## 93                HUANUCO+LAURICOCHA       754     0.16756879       866.66667
## 94             HUANUCO+LEONCIO PRADO     15284     0.83967168       357.83133
## 95                   HUANUCO+MARANON      2586     0.44399114       131.94444
## 96                  HUANUCO+PACHITEA      3691     0.22304688       174.02597
## 97               HUANUCO+PUERTO INCA      1453     0.62303552        46.68305
## 98                 HUANUCO+YAROWILCA      1768     0.10312273       318.18182
## 99                       ICA+CHINCHA     42693     1.13747968       474.33930
## 100                          ICA+ICA     75513     1.12697768       258.90222
## 101                        ICA+NAZCA     11249     1.03769812       288.25911
## 102                        ICA+PALPA      2879     0.99407070       162.30366
## 103                        ICA+PISCO     31068     1.04225552       258.49411
## 104                JUNIN+CHANCHAMAYO     23609     0.87216071       249.10851
## 105                    JUNIN+CHUPACA     10563     0.46827921       198.26590
## 106                 JUNIN+CONCEPCION     11104     0.76035761       343.24324
## 107                   JUNIN+HUANCAYO    113748     0.66095672       283.78576
## 108                      JUNIN+JAUJA     18617     0.94108577       540.24052
## 109                      JUNIN+JUNIN      5179     0.46798279       261.81818
## 110                     JUNIN+SATIPO     17225     0.79839216       116.63849
## 111                      JUNIN+TARMA     17586     0.94321622       501.20482
## 112                      JUNIN+YAULI      7454     0.48253040       296.10829
## 113               LA LIBERTAD+ASCOPE     24533     1.50040352       421.12421
## 114              LA LIBERTAD+BOLIVAR      2169     0.62947189      1222.22222
## 115               LA LIBERTAD+CHEPEN     16291     1.29782274       317.68650
## 116           LA LIBERTAD+GRAN CHIMU      2766     2.14614472       149.90138
## 117               LA LIBERTAD+JULCAN      2546     0.78597143       333.33333
## 118               LA LIBERTAD+OTUZCO     11855     0.90367415       227.37819
## 119            LA LIBERTAD+PACASMAYO     22759     1.34016583       481.50470
## 120                LA LIBERTAD+PATAZ      9967     0.72623531       145.09804
## 121      LA LIBERTAD+SANCHEZ CARRION     17895     0.96404428       126.22549
## 122    LA LIBERTAD+SANTIAGO DE CHUCO      6987     0.77750737       235.95506
## 123             LA LIBERTAD+TRUJILLO    184740     1.97388403       292.82248
## 124                 LA LIBERTAD+VIRU     16327     0.77822131       310.90652
## 125              LAMBAYEQUE+CHICLAYO    160875     1.48031335       307.95371
## 126             LAMBAYEQUE+FERRENAFE     15183     0.94786641       202.71467
## 127            LAMBAYEQUE+LAMBAYEQUE     42646     1.31914304       246.00264
## 138             LORETO+ALTO AMAZONAS     13116     0.44965301       176.61488
## 139         LORETO+DATEM DEL MARANON       496     0.48711081        49.30468
## 140                    LORETO+LORETO      1471     1.22237294        47.92043
## 141   LORETO+MARISCAL RAMON CASTILLA      1608     2.47472456       110.86798
## 142                    LORETO+MAYNAS     64783     1.24129494       244.18431
## 143                  LORETO+PUTUMAYO        78     1.93454545        19.08714
## 144                   LORETO+REQUENA      2406     1.80000000       128.65497
## 145                   LORETO+UCAYALI      3513     0.73699005       197.40260
## 146               MADRE DE DIOS+MANU      1542     0.26433283        79.15994
## 147          MADRE DE DIOS+TAHUAMANU      1356     0.55018029        52.07329
## 148          MADRE DE DIOS+TAMBOPATA     20280     0.41494621        99.60913
## 149   MOQUEGUA+GENERAL SANCHEZ CERRO      2094     0.18167939       129.67033
## 150                     MOQUEGUA+ILO     18478     0.54759316       178.31638
## 151          MOQUEGUA+MARISCAL NIETO     20312     0.27385222        78.14680
## 152     PASCO+DANIEL ALCIDES CARRION      2140     0.16629387       197.76119
## 153                   PASCO+OXAPAMPA      8454     1.34496887       230.90909
## 154                      PASCO+PASCO     16208     0.32274480       156.30975
## 155                    PIURA+AYABACA      7620     0.36497172       300.95238
## 156                PIURA+HUANCABAMBA      7756     0.45037894       457.48988
## 157                   PIURA+MORROPON     28376     1.35181639       736.54709
## 158                      PIURA+PAITA     22789     1.39153816       240.96386
## 159                      PIURA+PIURA    128943     1.79644764       291.71745
## 160                    PIURA+SECHURA     13409     1.54417287       426.70401
## 161                    PIURA+SULLANA     51801     2.53098578       267.77977
## 162                     PIURA+TALARA     27556     1.28777785       371.02754
## 163                    PUNO+AZANGARO      9532     0.04896231       313.24004
## 164                    PUNO+CARABAYA      6793     0.11554052       263.55140
## 165                    PUNO+CHUCUITO      8470     0.06804741       316.86047
## 166                   PUNO+EL COLLAO      5337     0.05632856       422.38267
## 167                    PUNO+HUANCANE      7212     0.05468049       308.90052
## 168                       PUNO+LAMPA      4694     0.09433319       263.15789
## 169                      PUNO+MELGAR     10302     0.07136654       324.86631
## 170                        PUNO+MOHO      4622     0.05606071       359.37500
## 171                        PUNO+PUNO     35338     0.17432338       246.61556
## 172       PUNO+SAN ANTONIO DE PUTINA      3250     0.07239583       222.22222
## 173                   PUNO+SAN ROMAN     42418     0.19681656       210.91881
## 174                      PUNO+SANDIA      3236     0.11773590       297.22222
## 175                     PUNO+YUNGUYO      6700     0.08952821       604.57516
## 176            SAN MARTIN+BELLAVISTA      6085     0.56785213       164.37247
## 177             SAN MARTIN+EL DORADO      5474     0.62831705        45.19774
## 178              SAN MARTIN+HUALLAGA      5405     0.71119795        91.85606
## 179                 SAN MARTIN+LAMAS     12216     0.83254778       117.50366
## 180      SAN MARTIN+MARISCAL CACERES      9896     0.79306878       160.82359
## 181             SAN MARTIN+MOYOBAMBA     22560     0.74526304       132.60160
## 182                SAN MARTIN+PICOTA      6050     0.85085297       189.18919
## 183                 SAN MARTIN+RIOJA     22832     0.64097167       114.58333
## 184            SAN MARTIN+SAN MARTIN     39283     1.14354686       140.73352
## 185               SAN MARTIN+TOCACHE      9569     0.50371312       104.23305
## 186                  TACNA+CANDARAVE      1091     0.10738255       135.33835
## 187              TACNA+JORGE BASADRE      2447     0.21098602       105.91133
## 188                      TACNA+TACNA     66286     0.39718585       159.73742
## 189                     TACNA+TARATA      1530     0.16921534       242.85714
## 190     TUMBES+CONTRALMIRANTE VILLAR      3515     2.66255144       331.27572
## 191                    TUMBES+TUMBES     30193     1.70036525       179.40423
## 192                 TUMBES+ZARUMILLA      7943     2.65645161       176.36023
## 193                  UCAYALI+ATALAYA      3164     1.16025100       229.81366
## 194         UCAYALI+CORONEL PORTILLO     43393     1.22238876       180.20777
## 195               UCAYALI+PADRE ABAD      7275     0.44681406       115.75179
## 196                    UCAYALI+PURUS         2     2.85636856        17.09402
boxplot(datos_sin_lima[,c(2:4)],horizontal = F,las=2,cex.axis = 0.5)

library(BBmisc)
boxplot(normalize(datos_sin_lima[,c(2:4)],method='range',range=c(0,10)))

boxplot(normalize(datos_sin_lima[,c(2:4)],method='standardize'))

datos_sin_lima[,c(2:5)]=normalize(datos_sin_lima[,c(2:4)],method='standardize')
names(datos_sin_lima)
## [1] "key"             "agua1_Red"       "razon_votacion"  "tasa_fallecidos"
## [5] "agua1_Red.1"
cor(datos_sin_lima[,c(2:4)])
##                   agua1_Red razon_votacion tasa_fallecidos
## agua1_Red        1.00000000      0.3162720     -0.08209152
## razon_votacion   0.31627199      1.0000000     -0.16193855
## tasa_fallecidos -0.08209152     -0.1619386      1.00000000
dataClus=datos_sin_lima[,c(2:4)]
row.names(dataClus)=datos_sin_lima$key
library(cluster)
g.dist = daisy(dataClus, metric="gower")
## para PAM

library(factoextra)
## Warning: package 'factoextra' was built under R version 4.3.3
## Loading required package: ggplot2
## Welcome! Want to learn more? See two factoextra-related books at https://goo.gl/ve3WBa
fviz_nbclust(dataClus, pam,diss=g.dist,method = "gap_stat",k.max = 5,verbose = F)

library(kableExtra)
## Warning: package 'kableExtra' was built under R version 4.3.3
## 
## Attaching package: 'kableExtra'
## The following object is masked from 'package:dplyr':
## 
##     group_rows
set.seed(123)
res.pam=pam(g.dist,5,cluster.only = F)

#nueva columna
dataClus$pam=res.pam$cluster

# ver

head(dataClus,15)%>%kbl()%>%kable_styling()
agua1_Red razon_votacion tasa_fallecidos pam
AMAZONAS+BAGUA -0.2616426 -0.3361764 -1.2565814 1
AMAZONAS+BONGARA -0.4145630 0.0152917 -0.5599868 1
AMAZONAS+CHACHAPOYAS -0.2233181 0.0958544 -0.8632919 1
AMAZONAS+CONDORCANQUI -0.5172022 -0.8765663 -1.3922068 2
AMAZONAS+LUYA -0.3326593 0.0150856 -0.5171136 1
AMAZONAS+RODRIGUEZ DE MENDOZA -0.3929465 0.1322756 1.3975691 3
AMAZONAS+UTCUBAMBA -0.0954124 -0.1518778 -1.0785732 1
ANCASH+AIJA -0.5126712 -0.0096163 0.2223735 2
ANCASH+ANTONIO RAIMONDI -0.4567263 -0.7965856 1.5530348 3
ANCASH+ASUNCION -0.5066614 -0.5644304 0.3680546 2
ANCASH+BOLOGNESI -0.4032041 -0.1635073 0.5894801 2
ANCASH+CARHUAZ -0.2593456 -0.2714790 0.0386360 2
ANCASH+CARLOS FERMIN FITZCARRALD -0.4501815 -0.6106653 1.7326695 3
ANCASH+CASMA -0.2814341 1.3219638 0.4765695 4
ANCASH+CORONGO -0.5104372 0.1015468 1.2240605 3
fviz_silhouette(res.pam,print.summary = F)

silPAM=data.frame(res.pam$silinfo$widths)
silPAM$country=row.names(silPAM)
poorPAM=silPAM[silPAM$sil_width<0,'country']%>%sort()
poorPAM
##  [1] "ANCASH+HUARMEY"          "ANCASH+HUAYLAS"         
##  [3] "ANCASH+OCROS"            "ANCASH+SANTA"           
##  [5] "APURIMAC+ABANCAY"        "AYACUCHO+HUAMANGA"      
##  [7] "CAJAMARCA+SAN IGNACIO"   "CUSCO+ANTA"             
##  [9] "CUSCO+CALCA"             "CUSCO+URUBAMBA"         
## [11] "ICA+NAZCA"               "ICA+PISCO"              
## [13] "JUNIN+CHUPACA"           "LA LIBERTAD+JULCAN"     
## [15] "LORETO+LORETO"           "MOQUEGUA+MARISCAL NIETO"
## [17] "PASCO+PASCO"             "PUNO+EL COLLAO"         
## [19] "SAN MARTIN+SAN MARTIN"
aggregate(.~ pam, data=dataClus,mean)
##   pam   agua1_Red razon_votacion tasa_fallecidos
## 1   1  0.04328522     0.01423081     -0.65662763
## 2   2 -0.31204506    -0.66197736     -0.17685049
## 3   3 -0.35782198    -0.55168537      1.68065289
## 4   4  0.14473509     1.58847854     -0.15626366
## 5   5  5.00264086     1.68673773     -0.08113417
## PARA JERARQUICO

fviz_nbclust(dataClus, hcut,diss=g.dist,method = "gap_stat",k.max = 5,verbose = F,hc_func = "agnes")

AGNES

library(knitr)
library(kableExtra)
library(magrittr)
set.seed(123)
library(factoextra)

res.agnes<- hcut(g.dist, k = 5,hc_func='agnes',hc_method = "ward.D")

dataClus$agnes=res.agnes$cluster

head(dataClus, 15) %>% 
  kbl() %>% 
  kable_styling()
agua1_Red razon_votacion tasa_fallecidos pam agnes
AMAZONAS+BAGUA -0.2616426 -0.3361764 -1.2565814 1 1
AMAZONAS+BONGARA -0.4145630 0.0152917 -0.5599868 1 1
AMAZONAS+CHACHAPOYAS -0.2233181 0.0958544 -0.8632919 1 1
AMAZONAS+CONDORCANQUI -0.5172022 -0.8765663 -1.3922068 2 1
AMAZONAS+LUYA -0.3326593 0.0150856 -0.5171136 1 1
AMAZONAS+RODRIGUEZ DE MENDOZA -0.3929465 0.1322756 1.3975691 3 2
AMAZONAS+UTCUBAMBA -0.0954124 -0.1518778 -1.0785732 1 1
ANCASH+AIJA -0.5126712 -0.0096163 0.2223735 2 2
ANCASH+ANTONIO RAIMONDI -0.4567263 -0.7965856 1.5530348 3 3
ANCASH+ASUNCION -0.5066614 -0.5644304 0.3680546 2 1
ANCASH+BOLOGNESI -0.4032041 -0.1635073 0.5894801 2 2
ANCASH+CARHUAZ -0.2593456 -0.2714790 0.0386360 2 1
ANCASH+CARLOS FERMIN FITZCARRALD -0.4501815 -0.6106653 1.7326695 3 3
ANCASH+CASMA -0.2814341 1.3219638 0.4765695 4 2
ANCASH+CORONGO -0.5104372 0.1015468 1.2240605 3 2
# Visualize
fviz_dend(res.agnes, cex = 0.7, horiz = T,main = "")
## Warning: The `<scale>` argument of `guides()` cannot be `FALSE`. Use "none" instead as
## of ggplot2 3.3.4.
## ℹ The deprecated feature was likely used in the factoextra package.
##   Please report the issue at <https://github.com/kassambara/factoextra/issues>.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.

fviz_silhouette(res.agnes,print.summary = F)

silAGNES=data.frame(res.agnes$silinfo$widths)
silAGNES$country=row.names(silAGNES)
poorAGNES=silAGNES[silAGNES$sil_width<0,'country']%>%sort()
poorAGNES
##  [1] "AMAZONAS+RODRIGUEZ DE MENDOZA" "ANCASH+AIJA"                  
##  [3] "ANCASH+BOLOGNESI"              "ANCASH+CORONGO"               
##  [5] "AREQUIPA+CAMANA"               "CAJAMARCA+CONTUMAZA"          
##  [7] "CAJAMARCA+SAN MARCOS"          "CAJAMARCA+SAN MIGUEL"         
##  [9] "CUSCO+ANTA"                    "CUSCO+CALCA"                  
## [11] "JUNIN+HUANCAYO"                "LA LIBERTAD+SANCHEZ CARRION"  
## [13] "LA LIBERTAD+SANTIAGO DE CHUCO" "LORETO+UCAYALI"               
## [15] "PIURA+HUANCABAMBA"             "PUNO+EL COLLAO"               
## [17] "SAN MARTIN+PICOTA"             "TUMBES+TUMBES"
aggregate(.~ agnes, data=dataClus,mean)
##   agnes   agua1_Red razon_votacion tasa_fallecidos      pam
## 1     1 -0.18180359     -0.4959977     -0.39895956 1.695238
## 2     2  0.08169961      0.6699356      0.17640068 2.877551
## 3     3 -0.40351546     -0.7280573      2.08695005 3.000000
## 4     4  5.00264086      1.6867377     -0.08113417 5.000000
## 5     5 -0.28253934      3.0815390     -0.74990748 4.000000

DIVISIVA

## PARA JERARQUICO

fviz_nbclust(dataClus, hcut,diss=g.dist,method = "gap_stat",k.max = 5,verbose = F,hc_func = "diana")

set.seed(123)
res.diana <- hcut(g.dist, k = 5,hc_func='diana')
dataClus$diana=res.diana$cluster
# veamos
head(dataClus,15)%>%kbl%>%kable_styling()
agua1_Red razon_votacion tasa_fallecidos pam agnes diana
AMAZONAS+BAGUA -0.2616426 -0.3361764 -1.2565814 1 1 1
AMAZONAS+BONGARA -0.4145630 0.0152917 -0.5599868 1 1 1
AMAZONAS+CHACHAPOYAS -0.2233181 0.0958544 -0.8632919 1 1 1
AMAZONAS+CONDORCANQUI -0.5172022 -0.8765663 -1.3922068 2 1 1
AMAZONAS+LUYA -0.3326593 0.0150856 -0.5171136 1 1 1
AMAZONAS+RODRIGUEZ DE MENDOZA -0.3929465 0.1322756 1.3975691 3 2 2
AMAZONAS+UTCUBAMBA -0.0954124 -0.1518778 -1.0785732 1 1 1
ANCASH+AIJA -0.5126712 -0.0096163 0.2223735 2 2 1
ANCASH+ANTONIO RAIMONDI -0.4567263 -0.7965856 1.5530348 3 3 2
ANCASH+ASUNCION -0.5066614 -0.5644304 0.3680546 2 1 1
ANCASH+BOLOGNESI -0.4032041 -0.1635073 0.5894801 2 2 1
ANCASH+CARHUAZ -0.2593456 -0.2714790 0.0386360 2 1 1
ANCASH+CARLOS FERMIN FITZCARRALD -0.4501815 -0.6106653 1.7326695 3 3 2
ANCASH+CASMA -0.2814341 1.3219638 0.4765695 4 2 3
ANCASH+CORONGO -0.5104372 0.1015468 1.2240605 3 2 2
fviz_silhouette(res.diana,print.summary = F)

silDIANA=data.frame(res.diana$silinfo$widths)
silDIANA$country=row.names(silDIANA)
poorDIANA=silDIANA[silDIANA$sil_width<0,'country']%>%sort()
poorDIANA
##  [1] "ICA+ICA"                     "ICA+PALPA"                  
##  [3] "JUNIN+CHANCHAMAYO"           "JUNIN+JAUJA"                
##  [5] "JUNIN+TARMA"                 "LA LIBERTAD+OTUZCO"         
##  [7] "LA LIBERTAD+SANCHEZ CARRION" "LAMBAYEQUE+FERRENAFE"       
##  [9] "LORETO+MAYNAS"               "PIURA+SULLANA"
aggregate(.~ diana, data=dataClus,mean)
##   diana  agua1_Red razon_votacion tasa_fallecidos      pam    agnes
## 1     1 -0.1887740     -0.4050977     -0.40969655 1.592593 1.111111
## 2     2 -0.3718983     -0.6607791      1.55866469 2.875000 2.343750
## 3     3 -0.0621083      1.3971136     -0.12490626 3.527778 2.555556
## 4     4  3.1556104      1.8199082     -0.08501611 4.500000 3.375000
## 5     5  4.6396782      0.0200612     -0.22664433 3.000000 3.000000