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1: Datensatz einlesen

Aufgabe

Für diese Übung brauchst du wieder die Datei caerphilly.csv, welche du auf Moodle findest. Lade den Datensatz herunter und speichere ihn ab. Definiere danach deine Working directory entsprechend und importiere den Datensatz in R.

Lösung

Der Datenimport ist am einfachsten mit library(rio). Beachte, dass der Name zwischen den beiden ” ” identisch mit jenem der Datei auf deinem Rechner sein muss. Die Working directory muss natürlich auch korrekt definiert sein.

library(rio)
df.cp <- import("../data/caerphilly.csv") # Diese wd() sieht bei dir natürlich anders aus

Codebook

Folgende Variablen sind im Datensatz enthalten:

  • mi = Myocardial infarction (0 = No, 1 = Yes)
  • socclass = Soziale Klasse mit den Levels I, II, IIIM, IIINM, IV, V
  • diabetes = Diabetes mit den Levels No/uncertain oder Yes
  • smoking = Raucherstatus mit den Levels Never smoked, Ex 1-4 years, Ex>5 years, <15 per day, >15 per day
  • totchol = Totales Cholesterin
  • hdlchol = High-Density-Lipoprotein-Cholesterin
  • bmi = Body Mass Index
  • bmicat = Body Mass Indes mit den Levels Underweight, Normal, Overweight, Obese

2: Datensatz anschauen

Aufgaben

  1. Nutze einen einfachen Befehl um zu kontrollieren, ob die Daten richtig eingelesen wurden.
  2. Wie viele Zeilen und Spalten hat der Datensatz? Was repräsentieren die Zeilen und die Spalten?
  3. Schau dir die 6. Zeile des Datensatzes an.
  4. Schau dir die 5. Spalte des Datensatzes an.
  5. Schau dir die Variable totchol an.
  6. Welchen totchol-Wert hat die 12. Person?

Lösungen

  1. Nutze einen einfachen Befehl, um zu kontrollieren, ob die Daten richtig eingelesen wurden.

Es gibt verschiedene Möglichkeiten, dies zu tun. Du kannst im Global Environment (oben rechts) auf das kleine Tabellensymbol hinter dem neu erstellten Objekt klicken. Dann öffnet sich eine Tabelle und du hast quasi eine Excel-Ansicht. Mit str() siehst du die einzelnen Variablen, die jeweilige Datenklasse sowie die ersten Werte. Mit head() siehst du die ersten 6 Zeilen des Datensatzes.

str(df.cp)
## 'data.frame':    1786 obs. of  9 variables:
##  $ id      : int  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
##  $ mi      : int  0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 ...
##  $ socclass: chr  "IIINM" "IV" "II" "IIINM" ...
##  $ diabetes: chr  "No/uncertain" "No/uncertain" "No/uncertain" "No/uncertain" ...
##  $ smoking : chr  " Ex>5 years" ">15 per day" " Ex>5 years" "Never smoked" ...
##  $ totchol : num  4.98 5.58 6.34 6.8 6.04 5.59 4.83 7.7 6.04 7.08 ...
##  $ hdlchol : num  1.33 0.99 1.92 1.42 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.5 1.5 1.64 ...
##  $ bmi     : num  29.7 29.4 19.7 30.9 26.2 ...
##  $ bmicat  : chr  "Overweight" "Overweight" "Underweight" "Obese" ...
head(df.cp)
##   id mi socclass     diabetes      smoking totchol hdlchol      bmi      bmicat
## 1  1  0    IIINM No/uncertain   Ex>5 years    4.98    1.33 29.68024  Overweight
## 2  2  1       IV No/uncertain  >15 per day    5.58    0.99 29.36095  Overweight
## 3  3  0       II No/uncertain   Ex>5 years    6.34    1.92 19.73448 Underweight
## 4  4  1    IIINM No/uncertain Never smoked    6.80    1.42 30.92452       Obese
## 5  5  0    IIINM No/uncertain  >15 per day    6.04    1.16 26.15399  Overweight
## 6  6  0     IIIM No/uncertain  <15 per day    5.59    1.16 24.60821      Normal
  1. Wie viele Zeilen und Spalten hat der Datensatz? Was repräsentieren die Zeilen und die Spalten?
nrow(df.cp)
## [1] 1786
ncol(df.cp)
## [1] 9

Jede Zeile steht für eine Beobachtungseinheit und jede Spalte für eine Variable.

  1. Schau dir die 6. Zeile des Datensatzes an.
df.cp[6, ]
##   id mi socclass     diabetes     smoking totchol hdlchol      bmi bmicat
## 6  6  0     IIIM No/uncertain <15 per day    5.59    1.16 24.60821 Normal
  1. Schau dir die 5. Spalte des Datensatzes an.
    Da es viele Werte sind, musst du etwas scrollen…
df.cp[ ,5]
##    [1] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked"
##    [5] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##    [9] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##   [13] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" 
##   [17] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##   [21] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years"
##   [25] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
##   [29] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##   [33] " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
##   [37] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
##   [41] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##   [45] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day" 
##   [49] " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
##   [53] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##   [57] "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##   [61] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##   [65] "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##   [69] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
##   [73] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##   [77] "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years"
##   [81] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##   [85] " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
##   [89] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##   [93] "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
##   [97] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [101] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
##  [105] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [109] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [113] "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" 
##  [117] "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked"
##  [121] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [125] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
##  [129] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
##  [133] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
##  [137] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
##  [141] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [145] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years"
##  [149] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" 
##  [153] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [157] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [161] "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [165] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [169] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
##  [173] "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [177] " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked"
##  [181] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [185] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [189] "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [193] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
##  [197] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
##  [201] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [205] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [209] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
##  [213] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [217] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
##  [221] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years"
##  [225] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" 
##  [229] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [233] "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
##  [237] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
##  [241] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [245] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" "Never smoked"
##  [249] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
##  [253] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
##  [257] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [261] " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [265] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [269] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day" 
##  [273] " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [277] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" 
##  [281] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [285] "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day" 
##  [289] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [293] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
##  [297] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [301] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" 
##  [305] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" 
##  [309] "Never smoked" "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" 
##  [313] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [317] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
##  [321] "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years"
##  [325] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
##  [329] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
##  [333] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
##  [337] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [341] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [345] "Never smoked" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [349] "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [353] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [357] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
##  [361] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
##  [365] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "Never smoked"
##  [369] "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [373] "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [377] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
##  [381] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [385] "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [389] " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [393] "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [397] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
##  [401] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [405] "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [409] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" 
##  [413] " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [417] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" 
##  [421] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" 
##  [425] ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" 
##  [429] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" 
##  [433] "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
##  [437] " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
##  [441] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
##  [445] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years"
##  [449] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
##  [453] "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [457] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [461] "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [465] " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [469] "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [473] "Never smoked" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [477] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [481] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [485] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked"
##  [489] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
##  [493] "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" 
##  [497] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [501] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [505] "Never smoked" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [509] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [513] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [517] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [521] " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [525] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" 
##  [529] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
##  [533] " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked"
##  [537] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [541] "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked"
##  [545] "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" 
##  [549] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [553] ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
##  [557] " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
##  [561] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [565] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years"
##  [569] "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [573] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
##  [577] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [581] "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [585] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [589] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [593] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" 
##  [597] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [601] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [605] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
##  [609] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
##  [613] " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [617] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [621] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [625] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [629] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
##  [633] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
##  [637] " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [641] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [645] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" 
##  [649] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" 
##  [653] "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
##  [657] " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [661] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" 
##  [665] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
##  [669] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [673] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [677] ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [681] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [685] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" "Ex 1-4 years"
##  [689] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked"
##  [693] "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" 
##  [697] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
##  [701] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [705] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [709] "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
##  [713] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [717] ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [721] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
##  [725] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [729] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
##  [733] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked"
##  [737] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [741] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
##  [745] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
##  [749] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [753] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [757] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [761] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [765] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [769] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [773] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
##  [777] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [781] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [785] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
##  [789] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [793] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" 
##  [797] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
##  [801] "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [805] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [809] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [813] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [817] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years"
##  [821] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [825] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" 
##  [829] "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [833] "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [837] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [841] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [845] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
##  [849] "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [853] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" 
##  [857] "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [861] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [865] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [869] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [873] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" 
##  [877] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [881] " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years" "Ex 1-4 years" "Ex 1-4 years"
##  [885] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
##  [889] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [893] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [897] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years"
##  [901] "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [905] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [909] " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
##  [913] " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [917] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [921] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
##  [925] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
##  [929] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "Never smoked"
##  [933] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [937] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" 
##  [941] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
##  [945] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [949] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [953] "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" 
##  [957] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
##  [961] " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [965] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [969] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
##  [973] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
##  [977] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
##  [981] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "Never smoked"
##  [985] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
##  [989] " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
##  [993] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day" 
##  [997] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1001] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1005] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1009] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1013] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1017] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
## [1021] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked"
## [1025] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
## [1029] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1033] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1037] " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1041] "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1045] " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
## [1049] "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" 
## [1053] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked"
## [1057] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
## [1061] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1065] "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1069] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1073] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" 
## [1077] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1081] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
## [1085] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1089] "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1093] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1097] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1101] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1105] "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1109] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1113] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1117] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
## [1121] "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1125] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1129] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
## [1133] "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1137] "Ex 1-4 years" "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1141] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day" 
## [1145] " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day" 
## [1149] "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1153] " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked"
## [1157] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1161] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1165] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
## [1169] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1173] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1177] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1181] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1185] ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" 
## [1189] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1193] "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1197] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day" 
## [1201] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked"
## [1205] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years"
## [1209] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1213] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked"
## [1217] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
## [1221] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1225] "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day" 
## [1229] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" 
## [1233] "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked"
## [1237] "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1241] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
## [1245] "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1249] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
## [1253] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
## [1257] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day" 
## [1261] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1265] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" 
## [1269] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1273] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1277] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1281] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1285] " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1289] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
## [1293] "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1297] "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
## [1301] "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
## [1305] " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1309] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "Never smoked" "Never smoked"
## [1313] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1317] "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
## [1321] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1325] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1329] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1333] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked"
## [1337] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1341] "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1345] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1349] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1353] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1357] "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
## [1361] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" 
## [1365] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
## [1369] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" "Never smoked"
## [1373] " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
## [1377] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
## [1381] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
## [1385] " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" 
## [1389] "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" 
## [1393] "Never smoked" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1397] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1401] "Never smoked" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
## [1405] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
## [1409] "Never smoked" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1413] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1417] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
## [1421] "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1425] "Never smoked" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
## [1429] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1433] "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" 
## [1437] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1441] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1445] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years"
## [1449] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1453] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1457] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
## [1461] " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
## [1465] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1469] " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1473] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1477] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1481] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1485] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day" 
## [1489] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1493] "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" 
## [1497] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
## [1501] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1505] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1509] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1513] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1517] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" 
## [1521] "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1525] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1529] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" " Ex>5 years" 
## [1533] " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
## [1537] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day" 
## [1541] "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1545] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" 
## [1549] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1553] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years"
## [1557] "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1561] " Ex>5 years"  "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
## [1565] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1569] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1573] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1577] "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1581] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1585] "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1589] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day" 
## [1593] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1597] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1601] " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1605] ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1609] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1613] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1617] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1621] "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years"
## [1625] "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1629] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
## [1633] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1637] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1641] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1645] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1649] "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day" 
## [1653] "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
## [1657] " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1661] " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1665] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1669] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked"
## [1673] " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "Never smoked" "<15 per day" 
## [1677] "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1681] ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1685] "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1689] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1693] " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1697] "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1701] "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day" 
## [1705] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day" 
## [1709] " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1713] " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day" 
## [1717] ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" "<15 per day" 
## [1721] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1725] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  " Ex>5 years" 
## [1729] " Ex>5 years"  " Ex>5 years"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" 
## [1733] " Ex>5 years"  "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1737] "Never smoked" "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" 
## [1741] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked" " Ex>5 years" 
## [1745] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
## [1749] "Ex 1-4 years" "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years"
## [1753] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "Never smoked"
## [1757] "<15 per day"  "<15 per day"  "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
## [1761] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"  "Ex 1-4 years" ">15 per day" 
## [1765] "Never smoked" "Ex 1-4 years" "Never smoked" ">15 per day" 
## [1769] "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1773] "Never smoked" "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1777] ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  ">15 per day" 
## [1781] "Never smoked" ">15 per day"  ">15 per day"  "<15 per day" 
## [1785] " Ex>5 years"  ">15 per day"
  1. Schau dir die Variable totchol an.

Da es viele Werte sind, musst du etwas scrollen…

df.cp$totchol
##    [1]  4.98  5.58  6.34  6.80  6.04  5.59  4.83  7.70  6.04  7.08  5.13  6.41
##   [13]  6.04  5.13  4.98  6.87  5.96  5.29  4.83  6.11  5.96  6.19  6.70  4.53
##   [25]  5.29  5.06  6.70  6.04  5.36  5.74  4.38  5.96 10.06  5.66  5.13  6.80
##   [37]  6.49  8.31  4.38  6.34  6.95  6.41  6.19  5.06  6.49  4.83  7.10  5.89
##   [49]  6.04  5.44  5.74  4.53  4.78  5.29  6.64  7.00  5.89  4.91  7.59  6.40
##   [61]  6.34  5.06  6.49  6.04  6.64  3.87  1.96  6.19  6.49  4.98  6.04  6.19
##   [73]  3.02  7.89  5.13  5.74  4.83  6.95  5.44  6.19  5.13  5.88  6.80  6.41
##   [85]  6.64  6.18  5.13  7.40  7.78  5.81  6.34  6.19  5.59  7.47  7.10  5.88
##   [97]  6.56  6.04  5.13  7.40  4.08  4.98  5.29  4.23  7.25  5.44  4.46  8.05
##  [109]  5.43  5.29  5.21  4.83  7.89  5.13  5.44  5.59  4.83  6.80  5.89  5.74
##  [121]  6.65  5.13  5.74  4.83  6.95  7.75  7.97  5.29  6.11  6.42  5.59  7.02
##  [133]  6.95  6.34  7.00  6.85  4.83  8.19  8.91  8.46  4.98  5.74  5.66  6.95
##  [145]  5.96  5.13  5.89  4.98  5.29  4.75  4.98  6.64  6.34  5.89  5.06  6.93
##  [157]  4.98 10.30  5.21  6.50  4.68  4.38  5.81  5.29  5.36  5.36  5.36  3.72
##  [169]  5.51  6.11  6.03  7.10  5.29  7.40  7.75  6.10  5.29  4.61  6.19  4.53
##  [181]  4.10  4.68  6.64  5.29  5.06  4.98  6.49  4.83  4.68  5.96  6.04  5.06
##  [193]  5.66  4.92  3.87  6.50  5.59  5.81  6.25  5.59  7.55  6.04  4.23  5.29
##  [205]  6.95  4.53  5.81  5.89  4.60  6.11  5.43  9.68  3.55  5.74  6.04  5.74
##  [217]  6.56  6.04  5.44  6.33  5.74  6.04  4.38 10.42  4.68  6.04  6.19  4.95
##  [229]  5.73  5.74  5.50  6.26  5.51  7.75  6.64  6.40  4.98  6.10  6.34  7.25
##  [241]  4.98  5.59  7.10  7.70  5.51  7.30  5.88  6.70  6.80  4.68  7.70  6.85
##  [253]  8.15  6.04  7.40  5.29  5.74  5.81  4.83  5.29  6.79  7.60  5.59  4.83
##  [265]  6.19  7.25  4.38  6.80  8.31  5.51  6.34  7.97  5.29  4.62  8.19  5.29
##  [277]  5.81  6.56  7.75  6.41  6.04  5.29  4.83  5.44  6.49  4.30  8.15  7.74
##  [289]  5.13  5.74  6.19  7.59  7.10  5.44  6.80  5.29  4.68  5.29  6.34  3.78
##  [301]  6.19  6.20  7.10  8.15  5.89  7.70  5.51  7.25  5.81  4.83  5.88  8.15
##  [313]  5.21  6.95  5.29  4.98  6.49  5.44  8.90  4.53  7.75  4.76  6.64  4.23
##  [325]  5.44  8.46  5.13  6.04  6.04  4.98  4.98  4.98  5.74  4.53  5.13  5.59
##  [337]  5.51  4.83  5.89  6.80  5.89  9.38  4.98  6.34  4.23  4.83  4.98  6.04
##  [349]  4.38  7.37  6.04  7.25  6.04  6.19  6.80  4.61  5.74  6.04  3.47  5.51
##  [361]  5.89  7.15  4.83  5.29  4.68  5.74  5.89  7.10  7.63  7.00  5.74  6.63
##  [373]  5.36  8.04  7.00  5.66  5.29  5.74  5.89  5.96  5.66  4.76  5.89  4.00
##  [385]  4.77  6.04  4.83  7.40  7.40  6.57  6.64  6.04  7.00  4.83  6.34  6.03
##  [397]  5.66  5.59  6.34  6.70  4.92  3.93  4.83  6.19  6.34  6.64  6.34  6.19
##  [409]  5.29  4.83  6.49  6.04  5.89  6.49  4.83  6.04  6.19  5.44  8.46  5.89
##  [421]  4.30  4.53  4.47  7.10  6.95  3.93  5.74  5.89  5.13  6.56  6.80  6.34
##  [433]  6.23  5.59  6.95  5.88  4.98  4.17  7.55  4.53  7.75  6.49  4.23  6.04
##  [445]  6.71  6.26  6.64  6.95  5.74  4.91  6.19  8.46  8.31  5.44  4.83 13.00
##  [457]  5.13  6.80  5.89  7.70  6.26  5.44  6.04  6.10  6.70  4.98  5.28  5.74
##  [469]  4.68  4.30  5.59  7.40  8.15  4.08  5.13  4.98  6.04  5.36  5.51  5.44
##  [481]  5.44  6.34  4.98  5.74  4.47  6.49  5.59  5.74  6.14  5.29  6.49  3.77
##  [493]  8.00  2.87  5.59  5.66  4.47  6.80  5.51  5.89  5.22  6.49  5.36  4.98
##  [505]  4.83  7.10  5.13  7.40  6.34  7.02  7.08  4.38  4.83  5.29  5.36  5.59
##  [517]  7.70  6.49  5.59  7.85  6.19  5.58  4.98  5.29  5.74  5.13  8.64  6.80
##  [529]  7.40  7.59  5.29  5.89  5.66  6.12  4.23  4.92  3.02  4.38  4.98  6.34
##  [541]  7.60  5.59  5.13  5.22  8.15  7.08  5.29  3.25  4.23  5.59  5.13  4.61
##  [553]  5.59  9.82  5.51  5.44  6.64  5.21  6.95  7.70  7.40  5.89  4.17  5.29
##  [565]  5.66  7.45  5.44  4.60  4.98  5.36  8.34  5.29  6.64  5.13  5.13  6.49
##  [577]  4.08  3.02  5.59  7.97  5.89  6.04  7.52  7.10  4.38  5.74  6.49  5.73
##  [589]  5.89  4.98  5.66  9.21  4.98  4.23  4.83  7.85  6.34  6.04  7.30  6.19
##  [601]  7.10  4.98  4.77  4.92  6.95  4.84  4.98  7.55  7.30  6.49  4.83  6.19
##  [613]  5.29  4.83  6.19  6.57  4.99  6.34  5.44  6.41  7.30  5.59  6.19  5.51
##  [625]  6.34  6.19  6.95  4.75  6.19  4.69  4.53  6.19  4.08  3.87  5.44  4.53
##  [637]  5.89  3.93  6.49  6.95  6.80  6.49  5.89  4.23  4.98  8.00  6.04  6.11
##  [649]  6.19  8.31  6.80  8.72  6.19  6.04  4.38  6.04  6.19  6.80  5.36  7.10
##  [661]  6.56  6.04  6.64  6.64  7.75  5.89  6.49  7.25  5.74  5.06  4.98  5.89
##  [673]  3.62  6.26  5.59  5.29  4.38  7.15  5.89  6.49  5.81  6.55  7.10  6.85
##  [685]  7.10  8.19  6.49  4.98  6.04  6.95  8.15  5.66  4.61  5.74  6.95  4.92
##  [697]  4.47  5.29  7.25  6.19  5.96  4.83  7.25  5.74  6.04  5.06  7.10  6.95
##  [709]  7.74  6.19  4.08  5.29  5.36  5.74  4.53  6.49  6.49  5.88  7.93  5.74
##  [721]  4.76  4.47  6.34  6.34  7.30  5.44  6.49  4.23  5.29  4.23  5.96  5.81
##  [733]  6.64  6.27  6.80  7.52  4.53  6.26  5.29  6.95  4.83  5.29  7.10  6.04
##  [745]  5.74  4.98  5.58  5.59  3.78  5.89  6.95  7.55  4.91  4.83  4.30  4.53
##  [757]  6.41  7.37  5.44  4.98  6.48  4.38  6.95  7.25  5.74  5.59  5.13  6.49
##  [769]  6.19  5.29  5.66  6.19  6.78  4.68  6.19  4.77  7.55  4.17  5.13  5.44
##  [781]  6.34  4.83  6.56  6.19  5.66  6.34  4.08  5.13  8.46  6.34  5.44  6.34
##  [793]  7.30  5.14  4.98  5.29  5.13  6.04  6.85  6.85  4.92  4.98  6.57  6.95
##  [805]  6.04  5.13  6.57  5.59  4.90  7.40  9.06  5.74  5.13  4.53  5.13  5.44
##  [817]  6.27  8.00  4.15  4.83  5.36  5.44  4.99  5.66  6.19  5.29  6.27  7.10
##  [829]  5.59  3.62  4.83  6.19  7.10  6.80  6.19  7.30  5.59  4.08  4.99  7.52
##  [841]  6.80  6.95  5.89  6.19  6.03  4.83  6.95  8.00  7.24  5.13  8.31  6.49
##  [853]  4.83  6.04  6.64  4.08  5.44  6.03  4.53  5.22  5.29  7.15  6.04  5.51
##  [865]  6.19  6.49  4.98  5.96  7.40  6.64  6.27  8.15  4.22  4.98  4.08  7.89
##  [877]  5.89  4.98  5.44  7.00  7.55  5.59  6.04  8.34  4.61  8.05  4.91  6.80
##  [889]  5.89  5.29  5.13  5.44  7.97  7.45  5.89  6.56  6.19  4.68  6.49  6.11
##  [901]  4.91  6.34  5.89  8.49  4.76  4.38  4.98  5.44  4.98  7.37  5.74  6.34
##  [913]  5.51  5.59  7.09  6.34  5.21  5.36  5.44 10.27  4.83  4.62  7.25  6.64
##  [925]  5.29  5.44  8.19  5.73  4.83  4.53  6.64  6.80  5.44  4.98  8.00  5.44
##  [937]  5.07  8.00  5.81  5.96  5.89  5.13  9.06  5.13  5.13  7.45  7.70  5.81
##  [949]  7.25  4.98  7.00  5.44  8.00  4.83  8.61  6.95  6.19  7.25  6.64  5.89
##  [961]  7.40  6.80  6.34  7.55  4.70  5.13  5.13  6.04  8.86  5.29  6.19  5.44
##  [973]  5.13  5.21  7.85  6.64  5.81  5.29  8.19  5.89  6.19  4.83  6.19  5.89
##  [985]  5.89  6.49  6.64  6.64  6.49  7.70  4.15  4.53  5.66  7.70  9.36  5.97
##  [997]  5.89  7.55  6.34  7.55  4.98  5.13  5.13  4.47  2.26  7.59  5.51  6.55
## [1009]  5.59  6.04  4.91  5.95  5.13  5.74  7.39  4.83  6.49  5.81  5.29  7.25
## [1021]  5.44  4.68  4.53  7.47  4.83  5.89  5.66  4.83  5.59  5.66  5.59  6.19
## [1033]  6.04  5.29  7.25  7.55  5.13  4.53  5.29  3.93  6.19  7.10  6.34  7.10
## [1045]  6.04  7.10  5.44  5.21  7.25  5.74  5.13  3.32  8.46  6.80  4.92  7.25
## [1057]  5.74  5.66  8.46  4.15  7.40  4.98  6.26  6.70  6.80  3.47  4.40  6.49
## [1069]  5.07  6.95  4.38  3.87  6.79  5.59  6.04  4.23  6.03  5.13  5.74  5.29
## [1081]  5.74  6.04  5.51  8.00  3.73  6.04  6.34  6.04  4.53  5.44  5.44  9.21
## [1093]  6.11  6.04  7.10  9.06  3.93  5.89  5.96  4.53  4.83  5.21  5.13  5.89
## [1105]  5.13  6.49  5.59  6.85  4.38  4.08  5.44  5.13  5.59  7.59  3.79  7.85
## [1117]  6.49  6.34  4.62  6.34  6.19  7.70  4.53  7.30  5.74  5.74  4.83  6.80
## [1129]  7.25  6.42  5.36  4.98  5.51  4.53  7.67  4.98  5.59  6.04  5.07  6.34
## [1141]  6.34  5.74  5.13  5.44  7.25  4.83  4.83  5.74  5.44  4.99  4.38  5.22
## [1153]  5.89  5.29  4.91  5.89  7.10  5.74  6.48  8.00  5.13  6.19  6.34  7.40
## [1165]  5.21  5.59  5.96  5.59  5.29  6.56  6.25  6.34  4.32  7.40  5.13  7.10
## [1177]  4.76  6.04  5.29  7.10  7.97  7.47  5.51  5.74  5.29  7.59  6.64  5.21
## [1189]  8.00  4.98  6.95  6.04  5.59  5.26  4.23  5.74  4.38  5.44  3.72  5.59
## [1201]  5.13  6.34  5.74  5.59  4.90  3.78  5.88  6.95  4.08  6.04  6.95  5.74
## [1213]  5.29  5.44  5.59  5.29  7.70  4.68  5.13  8.91  7.30  6.70  4.83  6.64
## [1225]  5.81  8.19  4.08  5.44  6.34  5.74  6.19  4.30  5.89  4.00  7.45  7.15
## [1237]  5.44  6.64  8.00  5.74  9.08  7.25  5.89  6.79  5.89  7.25  4.99  4.90
## [1249]  4.23  3.58  4.68  4.38  5.51  4.98  6.10  6.80  5.66  5.44  6.40  6.04
## [1261]  4.98  5.66  5.44  5.51  5.59  3.62  6.34  5.13  3.47  5.29  7.55  5.66
## [1273]  4.28  8.46  5.66  3.10  5.74  7.15  5.74  7.23  4.98  7.09  5.29  6.80
## [1285]  6.49  6.19  5.13  6.49  5.89  4.17  5.30  6.95  6.50  7.39  5.13  6.11
## [1297]  6.04  4.68  7.10  4.88  6.41  5.96  4.23  5.44  5.68  7.40  4.45  5.44
## [1309]  6.95  5.51  5.59  5.44  6.19  5.89  4.98  6.04  5.81  5.06  9.20  5.44
## [1321]  5.89  5.74  8.49  5.30  6.34  6.19  8.61  6.64  4.53  6.64  5.74  5.89
## [1333]  6.95  5.66  5.06  4.89  7.30  5.29  6.85  4.68  6.64  5.13  4.61  5.13
## [1345]  4.38  6.95  5.59  5.29  6.04  3.47  5.66  4.53  5.36  7.40  6.95  6.04
## [1357]  6.70  5.81  6.19  5.74  5.51  6.42  5.51  6.04  7.40  6.34  5.44  5.89
## [1369]  5.89  5.44  5.13  6.34  4.98  5.89  6.49  5.29  5.44  6.95  5.59  5.59
## [1381]  5.58  5.13  6.19  5.13  4.98  6.04  7.70  5.59  5.29  6.64  5.29  5.29
## [1393]  4.38  6.34  6.41  7.25  4.32  6.34  5.44  5.44  5.89  6.87  8.34  4.68
## [1405]  6.56  6.10  5.89  4.83  5.44  7.75  5.13  6.49  5.36  5.44  8.46  4.38
## [1417]  5.58  8.91  6.80  6.95  4.53  5.13  6.70  8.34  6.64  4.53  5.96  5.59
## [1429]  7.00  7.00  5.59  5.29  5.29  7.55  4.38  6.80  6.49  5.74  5.74  3.62
## [1441]  7.30  7.15  5.13  5.13  6.34  6.64  7.15  5.36  7.70  6.64  4.00  4.84
## [1453]  4.68  7.70  5.59  4.38  5.29  8.19  4.08  6.41  5.13  4.07  5.81  5.66
## [1465]  4.91  5.89  3.93  7.52  5.29  6.49  6.64  4.08  5.36  6.79  4.98  6.95
## [1477]  7.47  7.30  6.18  6.34  6.80  5.29  4.68  4.38  6.80  6.80  5.51  8.00
## [1489]  6.50  7.25  4.45  5.89  6.04  5.51  4.68  5.74  6.64  6.49  7.55  5.21
## [1501]  7.40  6.10  5.13  5.21  5.44  5.29  5.29  4.83  5.89  6.18  6.04  5.96
## [1513]  5.66  4.45  5.51  6.49  4.98  3.93  6.49  6.04  5.29  5.29  7.25  5.59
## [1525]  9.06  6.64  6.49  5.81  4.38  4.53  5.13  5.59  4.98  5.29  4.98  6.49
## [1537]  5.29  3.47  5.89  3.44  5.13  5.29  3.92  4.76  6.49  5.74  6.04  4.45
## [1549]  9.09  4.83  6.41  5.96  6.95  5.51  6.64  6.95  6.19  9.08  6.56  4.38
## [1561]  7.02  5.74  5.59  5.96  6.11  5.44  4.02  4.98  7.00  4.77  5.59  4.68
## [1573]  5.88  6.04  6.95  4.98  4.83  4.83  6.64  5.44  4.23  6.34  5.59  6.64
## [1585]  5.44  7.70  4.84  7.85  4.83  4.53  4.68  6.04  6.19  3.93  6.95  8.31
## [1597]  5.13  5.44  6.34  4.23  5.05  7.55  5.74  6.50  5.29  5.59  6.19  4.98
## [1609]  5.80  3.93  5.44  4.98  5.06  6.04  6.12  5.51  8.15  6.64  6.95  5.89
## [1621]  6.04  6.49  7.40  6.49  6.19  6.64  6.64  5.44  5.74  5.88  7.40  6.04
## [1633]  7.25  4.23  5.29  4.83  4.68  4.84  6.04  5.29  6.04  6.27  5.59  4.38
## [1645]  5.96  5.59  6.26  6.27  5.29  7.37  5.13  6.95  9.39  6.80  6.19  3.93
## [1657]  5.81  4.30  5.44  6.64  5.59  4.83  5.36  6.26  5.29  6.10  6.12  5.89
## [1669]  4.84  5.30  6.49  6.80  4.32  5.29  6.64  6.49  4.53  4.23  3.78  6.80
## [1681]  5.74  6.64  8.31  6.95  6.85  8.31  6.95  5.89  5.13  5.89  4.53  4.61
## [1693]  5.59  5.13  5.66  8.04  7.55  6.34  5.13  6.64  6.71  5.74  5.81  7.37
## [1705]  7.55  6.80  6.04  7.97  4.68  8.31  6.04  6.40  6.95  4.68  7.30  6.55
## [1717]  4.91  5.74  5.13  5.74  5.21  5.36  7.10  5.13  6.19  4.53  4.87  6.11
## [1729]  7.55  3.85  6.33  6.79  5.13  6.64  6.19  6.49  5.74  7.25  6.95  4.98
## [1741]  5.29  6.19  5.74  6.04  4.84  6.34  6.25  8.34  6.80  6.80  4.68  4.98
## [1753]  5.74  5.29  5.96  5.81 10.58  5.59  6.95  6.04  4.98  5.21  4.30  5.81
## [1765]  6.25  5.44  6.64  6.04  5.66  7.00  6.41  6.19  5.13  7.85  5.89  6.04
## [1777]  3.78  5.89  4.99  5.13  5.74  5.96  6.70  5.89  5.74  6.64
  1. Welchen totchol-Wert hat die 12. Person?
df.cp$totchol[12]
## [1] 6.41

3: Erstellen neuer Variablen

Aufgaben

  1. Was ist der relative Anteil des HDL Cholesterins am totalen Cholesterin? Speichere das Resultat in einer neuen Variable mit dem Namen hdlchol_rel. Füge die Variable anschliessend dem Datensatz hinzu.
  2. Was ist der grösste und der kleinste Wert der Variable hdlchol_rel?

Lösung

  1. Die Berechnung kann auf ganze Vektoren angewendet werden. Das Resultat wird dann in einem neuen Objekt abgespeichert und anschliessend dem Datensatz hinzugefügt.
hdlchol_rel <- df.cp$hdlchol / df.cp$totchol # neue Variable berechnen
df.cp$hdlchol_rel <- hdlchol_rel # neue Variable hinzufügen
df.cp$hdlchol_rel <- df.cp$hdlchol / df.cp$totchol # Die beiden oberen Schritte kombiniert ;-)
  1. Was ist der grösste und der kleinste Wert der Variable hdlchol_rel?
max(df.cp$hdlchol_rel)
## [1] 0.8245033
min(df.cp$hdlchol_rel)
## [1] 0.01230769

4: Häufigkeitsverteilungen

Aufgaben

  1. Stelle die Verteilung der Variable hdlchol_rel als Histogramm dar.
  2. Stelle die Verteilung der Variable hdlchol_rel als Boxplot dar.
  3. Wie viele Personen hatten einen Herzinfarkt (Variable mi)?
  4. Aktuell ist die Variable mi nicht als Faktor hinterlegt sondern mit 0 und 1 codiert. Mache aus der Variable einen Faktor mit den Ausprägungsgeraden No und Yes. Wie viele Personen haben ein No?
  5. Visualisiere die Häufigkeitsverteilung der Herzinfarkte mit einem Balkendiagramm.
  6. Wie ist die relative Verteilung der Variable smoking?

Lösungen

  1. Stelle die Verteilung der Variable hdlchol_rel als Histogramm dar.
hist(df.cp$hdlchol_rel)

  1. Stelle die Verteilung der Variable hdlchol_rel als Boxplot dar.
boxplot(df.cp$hdlchol_rel) # mit range = 0 werden die Ausreisser nicht separat dargestellt

  1. Wie viele Personen hatten einen Herzinfarkt (Variable mi)?
table(df.cp$mi)
## 
##    0    1 
## 1438  348
  1. Aktuell ist die Variable mi nicht als Faktor hinterlegt sondern mit 0 und 1 codiert. Mache aus der Variable einen Faktor mit den Ausprägungsgeraden No und Yes. Wie viele Personen haben ein No?

Beachte, dass jetzt oben No und Yes steht und nicht mehr 0 und 1. Dies aufgrund der Umwandlung in einen Faktor.

df.cp$mi <- factor(df.cp$mi, levels = c(0,1), labels = c("No", "Yes"))
table(df.cp$mi)
## 
##   No  Yes 
## 1438  348
  1. Visualisiere die Häufigkeitsverteilung der Herzinfarkte mit einem Balkendiagramm.
barplot(table(df.cp$mi))

  1. Wie ist die relative Verteilung der Variable smoking?
table(df.cp$smoking)/sum(table(df.cp$smoking)) # das n wird hier als Summe aller Kategorien berechnet
## 
##   Ex>5 years  <15 per day  >15 per day Ex 1-4 years Never smoked 
##   0.20212766   0.24860022   0.30571109   0.07838746   0.16517357

5: Masse der Lage und Masse der Streuung

Aufgaben

  1. Was ist der durchschnittliche Body Mass Index?
  2. Unterscheiden sich Mittelwert und Median des BMI’s?
  3. Lass dir die Quartile des BMI’s anzeigen.
  4. Was ist das 95. Quantil des BMI’s?
  5. Wie gross ist die Standardabweichung für die Variable BMI?
  6. Berechne die Standardabweichung ohne die Funktion sd()
  7. Stimmt es, dass \(Varianz = Standardabweichung^2\) ?

Lösungen

  1. Was ist der durchschnittliche Body Mass Index?
mean(df.cp$bmi, na.rm = TRUE) # Das na.rm = TRUE braucht man, wenn es fehlende Werte im Datensatz hat
## [1] 26.2165
  1. Unterscheiden sich Mittelwert und Median des BMI’s?

ja, um 0.09077536

mean(df.cp$bmi, na.rm = TRUE) - median(df.cp$bmi, na.rm = TRUE)
## [1] 0.09077536
  1. Lass dir die Quartile des BMI’s anzeigen.
quantile(df.cp$bmi, probs = c(0,0.25, 0.5, 0.75,1))
##       0%      25%      50%      75%     100% 
## 16.72293 23.94819 26.12572 28.28088 49.91735
  1. Was ist das 95. Quantil des BMI’s?
quantile(df.cp$bmi, probs = .95)
##      95% 
## 31.97515
  1. Wie gross ist die Standardabweichung für die Variable BMI?
sd(df.cp$bmi, na.rm = TRUE)
## [1] 3.619247
  1. Berechne die Standardabweichung ohne die Funktion sd()
n <- nrow(df.cp)
mittelwert <- mean(df.cp$bmi, na.rm = TRUE)
diff <- df.cp$bmi - mittelwert
Varianz <- sum(diff^2)/(n-1)
Standardabweichung <- sqrt(Varianz)
Standardabweichung
## [1] 3.619247
  1. Stimmt es, dass \(Varianz = Standardabweichung^2\) ?

Ja, das stimmt:

var(df.cp$bmi, na.rm = TRUE)
## [1] 13.09895
sd(df.cp$bmi, na.rm = TRUE)^2
## [1] 13.09895

6: Masse der Lage und Masse der Streuung

Aufgabe

Wiederhole die Schritte 1 bis 5 von Aufgabe 5, jedoch separat für Personen mit und ohne Herzinfarkt.

Lösung

Es gibt verschiedene Methode, wie man Variablen nach Gruppen analysieren kann. Hier werden drei verschiedene Möglichkeiten gezeigt.

  1. Ohne die Verwendung einer zusätzlichen Funktion (hier am Beispiel des Mittelwertes)
mean(df.cp$bmi[df.cp$mi == "No"], na.rm = TRUE)
## [1] 26.08294
mean(df.cp$bmi[df.cp$mi == "Yes"], na.rm = TRUE)
## [1] 26.76839
  1. Durch die Erstellung eines Subsets mit der subset() Funktion (siehe ?subset). Hier am Beispiel des Medians.
df.mi <- subset(df.cp, mi == "Yes")
df.no.mi <- subset(df.cp, mi == "No")
median(df.mi$bmi)
## [1] 26.54083
median(df.no.mi$bmi)
## [1] 25.99897
  1. Für die besonders Interessierten bietet das Tidyverse-Package sehr attraktive Funktionen. Hier am Beispiel der Quantile.
library(tidyverse)
library(kableExtra) # for nice tables
df.cp %>% 
  group_by(mi) %>%
  summarise(Mean = mean(bmi), 
            Median = median(bmi), 
            Quartile_1 = quantile(bmi, 0.25), 
            Quartile_2 = quantile(bmi, 0.5),
            Quartile_3 = quantile(bmi, 0.75),
            Quantile_95 = quantile(bmi, 0.95)) %>% 
  kbl() %>% 
  kable_paper()
mi Mean Median Quartile_1 Quartile_2 Quartile_3 Quantile_95
No 26.08294 25.99897 23.79433 25.99897 28.18288 31.76698
Yes 26.76839 26.54083 24.69112 26.54083 28.64899 32.40204