Here I loaded in the document, and changed the parameters for the coloring for before and after 1980

giss = read.csv("giss_temp.csv")
allyears = unique(giss$Year)
ann_temp = tapply(giss$TempAnom, giss$Year, mean)
mycols = ifelse(allyears > 1980, "orange", "purple")

The Graph

plot(allyears, ann_temp, type = 'h', 
     col = mycols, lwd = 3,
     xlab= "Year", ylab = "T anomaly")