SPIN-ASD Study Tracking

data pulled: 2024-06-18
website: http://rpubs.com/nsharmaa/spasd_tracking

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This report is meant to provide a quick overview of the Social Processes Initiative in Neurobiology of Autism-spectrum and Schizophrenia-spectrum Disorders (SPIN-ASD) study. All data summarized here derives from the SPIN-ASD project on CAMH’s REDCap database, the SPINS project on AHRC’s REDCap database, and TIGRLab’s XNAT database. This summary is only as accurate as the data captured there.

For each of the plots, you can hover over selected areas to see more metadata. Dragging a rectangle over a specific area of the plot will zoom in and double clicking will reset to the original view.

Demographics

As part of the study design, one of the goals is to collect cognitive and MR imaging data from 140 participants (100 participants with autism-spectrum disorders and 40 healthy controls). Participants who either drop out, are withdrawn prior to completing the study, or whose MRI data cannot be used will be replaced until this goal is achieved.

The study will also leverage previously collected data from the Social Processes Initiative in Neurobiology of Schizophrenias (SPINS) study, which consists of a matching protocol. SPINS is a multi-site study that collected cognitive and MR imaging data from clinically stable patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and healthy controls from each of CAMH (CMH), Zucker Hillside Hospital (ZHH) and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (MRC).

SPIN-ASD

Thus far, 155 participants have consented to be in the study. A table summarizing their demographics as well as histograms of their age and estimated IQ distributions are shown below.

For estimated IQ, study participants either completed the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI-II) or the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV).

	Case (N=117)	Control (N=38)	Overall (N=155)
Age (years)
Mean (SD)	21 (± 4.3)	27 (± 4.8)	22 (± 5.0)
Median [Min, Max]	20 [15, 35]	27 [17, 35]	21 [15, 35]
Missing	0 (0%)	1 (2.6%)	1 (0.6%)
Sex
Female	50 (43 %)	16 (42 %)	66 (43 %)
Male	67 (57 %)	21 (55 %)	88 (57 %)
Missing	0 (0%)	1 (2.6%)	1 (0.6%)
Race
Asian	16 (14 %)	17 (45 %)	33 (21 %)
Black or African American	4 (3 %)	6 (16 %)	10 (6 %)
More than one race	10 (9 %)	2 (5 %)	12 (8 %)
Other	6 (5 %)	0 (0 %)	6 (4 %)
White	81 (69 %)	12 (32 %)	93 (60 %)
Missing	0 (0%)	1 (2.6%)	1 (0.6%)
Education (years)
Mean (SD)	13 (± 2.2)	16 (± 2.1)	14 (± 2.5)
Median [Min, Max]	12 [9.0, 20]	16 [11, 20]	13 [9.0, 20]
Missing	0 (0%)	1 (2.6%)	1 (0.6%)
Estimated IQ
Mean (SD)	110 (± 15)	110 (± 14)	110 (± 14)
Median [Min, Max]	120 [73, 150]	120 [84, 140]	120 [73, 150]
Missing	3 (2.6%)	2 (5.3%)	5 (3.2%)
MATRICS
Mean (SD)	41 (± 11)	49 (± 12)	43 (± 12)
Median [Min, Max]	42 [-3.0, 59]	52 [16, 75]	44 [-3.0, 75]
Missing	8 (6.8%)	4 (10.5%)	12 (7.7%)

SPINS

The total SPINS dataset consists of 359 participants with an SSD and 198 participants. After filtering the dataset for participants within the same age range as SPIN-ASD, we get the demographics table, and age and estimated IQ distributions shown below.

For estimated IQ, study participants completed the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR).

	CMH		CMP		MRC		MRP		ZHH		ZHP		Overall
	Case (N=107)	Control (N=47)	Case (N=15)	Control (N=14)	Case (N=18)	Control (N=15)	Case (N=32)	Control (N=27)	Case (N=22)	Control (N=13)	Case (N=45)	Control (N=26)	Case (N=239)	Control (N=142)
Age (years)
Mean (SD)	26 (± 4.6)	24 (± 4.2)	25 (± 3.4)	26 (± 4.1)	27 (± 5.2)	28 (± 4.1)	28 (± 4.8)	27 (± 4.1)	28 (± 4.4)	27 (± 5.2)	25 (± 4.7)	28 (± 4.7)	26 (± 4.7)	26 (± 4.5)
Median [Min, Max]	25 [18, 35]	23 [18, 35]	24 [20, 31]	25 [20, 34]	26 [18, 34]	29 [21, 33]	28 [18, 35]	26 [19, 34]	30 [21, 35]	26 [20, 35]	24 [18, 35]	28 [18, 35]	25 [18, 35]	25 [18, 35]
Sex
Female	31 (29 %)	21 (45 %)	7 (47 %)	10 (71 %)	3 (17 %)	3 (20 %)	7 (22 %)	11 (41 %)	9 (41 %)	7 (54 %)	15 (33 %)	16 (62 %)	72 (30 %)	68 (48 %)
Male	76 (71 %)	26 (55 %)	8 (53 %)	4 (29 %)	15 (83 %)	12 (80 %)	25 (78 %)	16 (59 %)	13 (59 %)	6 (46 %)	30 (67 %)	10 (38 %)	167 (70 %)	74 (52 %)
Intersex	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)
Race
American Indian/Alaska Native	1 (1 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	1 (0 %)	0 (0 %)
Asian	23 (21 %)	15 (32 %)	1 (7 %)	7 (50 %)	2 (11 %)	1 (7 %)	3 (9 %)	1 (4 %)	2 (9 %)	1 (8 %)	9 (20 %)	5 (19 %)	40 (17 %)	30 (21 %)
Black or African American	17 (16 %)	3 (6 %)	1 (7 %)	0 (0 %)	12 (67 %)	7 (47 %)	13 (41 %)	4 (15 %)	10 (45 %)	4 (31 %)	18 (40 %)	11 (42 %)	71 (30 %)	29 (20 %)
More than one race	8 (7 %)	2 (4 %)	5 (33 %)	0 (0 %)	1 (6 %)	1 (7 %)	1 (3 %)	0 (0 %)	3 (14 %)	2 (15 %)	1 (2 %)	0 (0 %)	19 (8 %)	5 (4 %)
Other	3 (3 %)	1 (2 %)	1 (7 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	1 (4 %)	2 (9 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	6 (3 %)	2 (1 %)
Unknown or not reported	3 (3 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	2 (9 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	0 (0 %)	5 (2 %)	0 (0 %)
White	52 (49 %)	26 (55 %)	7 (47 %)	7 (50 %)	3 (17 %)	6 (40 %)	15 (47 %)	21 (78 %)	3 (14 %)	6 (46 %)	17 (38 %)	10 (38 %)	97 (41 %)	76 (54 %)
Education (years)
Mean (SD)	13 (± 1.8)	15 (± 1.8)	14 (± 2.1)	17 (± 1.7)	13 (± 1.8)	15 (± 1.8)	14 (± 2.3)	17 (± 2.0)	13 (± 2.2)	15 (± 2.4)	14 (± 1.8)	17 (± 2.0)	14 (± 1.9)	16 (± 2.0)
Median [Min, Max]	13 [10, 18]	16 [11, 18]	14 [10, 18]	18 [14, 20]	14 [10, 16]	16 [12, 18]	14 [7.0, 18]	16 [12, 20]	14 [10, 18]	16 [12, 19]	13 [9.0, 18]	17 [13, 20]	13 [7.0, 18]	16 [11, 20]
Estimated IQ
Mean (SD)	NA (± NA)	NA (± NA)	NA (± NA)	NA (± NA)	NA (± NA)	NA (± NA)	NA (± NA)	NA (± NA)	NA (± NA)	NA (± NA)	NA (± NA)	NA (± NA)	NA (± NA)	NA (± NA)
Median [Min, Max]	NA [NA, NA]	NA [NA, NA]	NA [NA, NA]	NA [NA, NA]	NA [NA, NA]	NA [NA, NA]	NA [NA, NA]	NA [NA, NA]	NA [NA, NA]	NA [NA, NA]	NA [NA, NA]	NA [NA, NA]	NA [NA, NA]	NA [NA, NA]
Missing	107 (100%)	47 (100%)	15 (100%)	14 (100%)	18 (100%)	15 (100%)	32 (100%)	27 (100%)	22 (100%)	13 (100%)	45 (100%)	26 (100%)	239 (100%)	142 (100%)

Assessment Completion Status

Below is a heatmap depicting which assessments have been completed for each participant in SPIN-ASD. There are separate tabs dividing Case and Control participants. The Assessment is shown in the x axis and the Subject ID is shown in the y axis. Green indicates ‘complete’, red indicates ‘incomplete’ and yellow indicates a ‘partial complete’. Blank rectangles indicate that the assessment either hasn’t been attempted yet or that the data hasn’t been entered. You can hover over each square to get more details on the reason for an assessment being incomplete.

The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were added to the study protocol partway through the study and haven’t been completed for several participants at the beginning.

Case

The Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) was included in the study protocol in the event of an inconclusive clinical diagnosis and a need for further diagnostic information following the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) .

Control

Social Cognition

RMET

The Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (RMET) is a test of social sensitivity. The participant is presented with a series of 36 photographs of the eye region and asked to choose which of 4 words best describes what the actor in the photograph is thinking or feeling.

IRI

The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) is a 28 item self-report measure of cognitive and affective empathy.

TASIT-R

The Awareness of Social Inference Test-Revised (TASIT-R) consists of emotion evaluation (Part 1), social inference - minimal (Part 2), and social inference - enriched (Part 3). In Part 1, the participant views 28 brief video clips to identify the emotion expressed by the actor. In Part 2 and 3, the participant views 31 videotaped vignettes of social interactions involving lies and sarcasm and makes judgements regarding what the individual in the scene believed or knew, meant by what he or she said, intended to do, and actually felt.

ER-40

The Penn Emotion Recognition Task-40 (ER-40) is a measure of emotional processing. Participants rate the emotional valence of 40 faces displaying happy, sad or neutral expressions on a 7 point scale.

A median response time below 1000 seconds indicates inattention and should be filtered out from further analysis.

Score Distributions

Birchwood Social Functioning Scale:

A self-report questionnaire designed to reflect the social skills and performances of patients

BSFS Section 1 -Assess Social Engagement/Withdrawn with a total score between 0 and 15 ex hours spent alone vs leaving the house

BSFS Section 2 -Looks at Interpersonal Communication and Relationships with a total score between 0 and 30 ex having someone to discuss problems with

BSFS Section 3 -Focuses on Interpersonal Prosocial activities ex going visiting relatives and going to the movies, with a total score between 0 and 66

BSFS Section 4 -Looks at patients involvement in Recreational Activities with a score between 0 and 48 ex cooking and playing an instrument

BSFS Section 5 -Assess the patients Independence Performance with a score between 0 and 39 ex preparing and cooking a meal

BSFS Section 6 -Looks at patience Independence Competence with a score between 0-39 ex washing own clothes

BSFS Grand Total

Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS)

-This assessment helps describe a person’s general adaptive behavior as well as functioning in 11 related adaptive skill areas ex. communication, self-care and work

MATRICS Score

Intended to provide a relatively brief evaluation of key cognitive domains relevant to schizophrenia and related disorders, and was designed to address the following purposes: As an outcome measure for clinical trials of cognition-enhancing drugs for schizophrenia.

Framewise Displacement

We use mriqc to obtain image quality metrics (IQMs) for the T1w, T2w, and fMRI scans. Below are plots of framewise displacement (FD), a measure of head motion across time. Specifically, the average FD for each scan across all timepoints and the percentage of FDs above a threshold of 0.5 mm are shown.

MRI

Thus far, 138 participants have been scanned. The target is to scan 3.33 participants per month (40 per year). We are currently averaging 2.6 participants per month.