library(WaveletComp)
library(dplyr)
## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
library(zoo)
## 
## Attaching package: 'zoo'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     as.Date, as.Date.numeric
library(ggplot2)
## 
## Attaching package: 'ggplot2'
## The following object is masked from 'package:WaveletComp':
## 
##     arrow
library(tidyverse)
## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ forcats   1.0.0     ✔ stringr   1.5.1
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.3     ✔ tibble    3.2.1
## ✔ purrr     1.0.2     ✔ tidyr     1.3.1
## ✔ readr     2.1.5
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ ggplot2::arrow() masks WaveletComp::arrow()
## ✖ dplyr::filter()  masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag()     masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors
library(forecast)
## Registered S3 method overwritten by 'quantmod':
##   method            from
##   as.zoo.data.frame zoo
library(tidyr)
library(pracma)
## 
## Attaching package: 'pracma'
## 
## The following object is masked from 'package:purrr':
## 
##     cross
trim_fun = function(x){
  x = x[!is.na(x)]   # remove NA
  if(length(x) <= 2){
    return(NA)
  }else{
      x1 = sort(x)
      x1 = x1[2:(length(x1)-1)] # Remove max values and min values
      return(mean(x1))
  }
}

Data preparation

Read the dataset containing wastewater data from all ww scan plants across California. We filter the dataset to include only the cities that we are analyzing.

df_all<- read.csv("../output/data_ww_geodata_CA_scan.csv")  # Read the dataset
cities = c("Merced","Los Banos", "Modesto", "Turlock", "Davis", "Esparto", "Winters", "Woodland", "Oakland","San Francisco","San Francisco, CA" ) # Define the cities to include in the analysis
df <- df_all %>% filter(City %in% cities)
unique(df$Plant)
##  [1] "Winters - East Street Pump Station"             
##  [2] "City of Davis Wastewater Treatment Plant"       
##  [3] "Southeast San Francisco"                        
##  [4] "Woodland Water Pollution Control Facility"      
##  [5] "Esparto Wastewater Treatment Facility"          
##  [6] "Merced Wastewater Treatment Plant"              
##  [7] "Turlock Regional Water Quality Control Facility"
##  [8] "Los Banos Wastewater Treatment Plant"           
##  [9] "Oceanside Water Pollution Control Plant"        
## [10] "Modesto's Sutter Primary Treatment Facility"    
## [11] "East Bay Municipal Utility District"
unique(df$City)
##  [1] "Winters"           "Davis"             "San Francisco"    
##  [4] "Woodland"          "Esparto"           "Merced"           
##  [7] "Turlock"           "Los Banos"         "San Francisco, CA"
## [10] "Modesto"           "Oakland"

In order to make sure that the wavelet function from the WaveletComp library works properly, we calculate the trimmed average of the data, which results in daily data. This is important because the wavelet function doesn’t work well with datasets that have missing data. We are using data from December 7, 2012, to December 1, 2023.

save_path <- "../output/"
df <- df %>% group_by(Plant) %>% mutate(SC2_N_out = tsclean(SC2_Norm, replace.missing=F),  SC2_N_av10 = rollapply(SC2_N_out,width=10, mean, align="center",fill=NA, na.rm=T))

df <- df %>% filter(Date >= as.Date('2022-12-07') & Date <= as.Date('2023-12-01'))
df <- df %>%  group_by(Plant) %>% mutate(SC2_N_av10 =coredata( na.approx(SC2_N_av10))) # replace NA values with interpolated values.
df$Date <- as.Date(df$Date)
ggplot(df, aes(x = Date, y = SC2_N_av10, color = City)) + geom_line() + labs(x = "Date", y = "SC2_Norm", title = "SC2_Norm by City")

We reshape the data to have each column representing a city, where the data within each column corresponds to the 10-day moving average for that city.

df <- df[, c("Date", "City", "SC2_N_av10")]

my.data <- df %>% pivot_wider(names_from = City, values_from = "SC2_N_av10")
days <- seq(from = as.Date( min(my.data$Date)), to = as.Date( max(my.data$Date)), by = "day")
#cities_ = c("Merced","Los_Banos", "Modesto", "Turlock", "Davis", "Esparto", "Winters", "Woodland", "Oakland","San_Francisco_south","San Francisco" )
plot_sel_city = function(city1, city2){
  filtered_df <- df[df$City %in% c(city1, city2), ]
  ggplot(filtered_df, aes(x = Date, y = SC2_N_av10, color = City)) +
  geom_line() +
  labs(x = "Date", y = "SC2_N_av10", title = "SC2_N_av10 by City")}

my.data
## # A tibble: 360 × 12
##    Date        Winters    Davis `San Francisco` Woodland Esparto  Merced Turlock
##    <date>        <dbl>    <dbl>           <dbl>    <dbl>   <dbl>   <dbl>   <dbl>
##  1 2022-12-07 0.000176 0.000329        0.000515 0.000233 1.11e-4 1.18e-4 3.19e-4
##  2 2022-12-08 0.000204 0.000308        0.000538 0.000233 1.11e-4 1.18e-4 3.19e-4
##  3 2022-12-09 0.000204 0.000298        0.000530 0.000200 1.13e-4 1.03e-4 3.26e-4
##  4 2022-12-10 0.000204 0.000305        0.000532 0.000221 1.02e-4 9.58e-5 3.02e-4
##  5 2022-12-11 0.000159 0.000292        0.000543 0.000181 1.04e-4 9.56e-5 2.75e-4
##  6 2022-12-12 0.000159 0.000301        0.000537 0.000166 1.15e-4 9.61e-5 2.58e-4
##  7 2022-12-13 0.000159 0.000296        0.000498 0.000166 1.15e-4 9.61e-5 2.58e-4
##  8 2022-12-14 0.000165 0.000283        0.000510 0.000134 1.81e-4 8.31e-5 1.90e-4
##  9 2022-12-15 0.000165 0.000274        0.000484 0.000134 1.81e-4 8.31e-5 1.90e-4
## 10 2022-12-16 0.000175 0.000284        0.000529 0.000137 1.69e-4 8.35e-5 2.09e-4
## # ℹ 350 more rows
## # ℹ 4 more variables: `Los Banos` <dbl>, `San Francisco, CA` <dbl>,
## #   Modesto <dbl>, Oakland <dbl>

We compute the wavelet power spectrum for the cities in this study. The wavelet transform decomposes a time series into both time and frequency components. The wavelet power spectrum represents the energy distribution of a signal across different scales (or time periods). Peaks in the wavelet power spectrum indicate significant energy at specific scales (frequencies).

In the following example for San Francisco, CA, the visualization shows that the power spectrum is higher around the periods of approximately 128 and 70 days. Areas of higher spectrum power are depicted in red. This indicates that the wastewater data for this city exhibits periodic components, with notable patterns repeating approximately every 128 days and every 70 days.

# upperPeriod = 128
city= 'San Francisco, CA'
my.w <- analyze.wavelet(my.data, city, loess.span = 0,  dt = 1, dj = 1/250,  lowerPeriod = 16, upperPeriod = 256,
                        make.pval = TRUE, n.sim = 10)
## Starting wavelet transformation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave Phase Ampl Power Power.avg Power.pval Power.avg.pval Ridge Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz
wt.image(my.w, color.key = "quantile", n.levels = 250,  legend.params = list(lab = "wavelet power levels"),
         periodlab = "periods (days)", show.date = TRUE, date.format = "%Y-%m-%d", timelab = "", main= city)
## Warning in wt.image(my.w, color.key = "quantile", n.levels = 250, legend.params = list(lab = "wavelet power levels"), : 
## Please check your calendar dates, format and time zone: dates may not be in an unambiguous format or chronological. The default numerical axis was used instead.

# 1/250: In this case we are analyzing the periods from 2^4 to 2 ^7(i.e., from 16 to 128). Each octave ([16, 32], [32, 64], [64, 128]) is divided into 250 suboctaves.With dj = 1/250, there will be 250 suboctaves per octave. This results in very fine spacing between each period value.
plot(my.data$'San Francisco, CA')

my.rec <- reconstruct(my.w)
## Your input object class is 'analyze.wavelet'...
## Your time series 'San Francisco, CA' will be reconstructed... 
## Starting the reconstruction process...
## Original (detrended) and reconstructed series are being plotted...

## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series rec.waves loess.span lvl only.coi only.sig siglvl only.ridge rnum.used rescale dt dj Period Scale nc nr axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

We computed the wavelet power averaged spectrum for the cities in this study. This involves calculating the mean power over all periods, making it easier to compare the common periods shared by the cities and their average strengths. In the following plot, we can observe that most cities have significant periodicities around 90, 130, and 170 days.

plot_periods <- function() {
  colors <- c("blue", "red", "green", "orange", "purple", "brown", "black", "magenta", "cyan", "yellow", "gray", "pink")
  
  my.wx <- analyze.wavelet(my.data, cities[1], loess.span = 0, dt = 1, dj = 1/250,
                           lowerPeriod = 16, upperPeriod = 256,make.pval = TRUE, n.sim = 10)
  
  # Adjust the plot margins to make space for the legend
  par(mar = c(5, 4, 4, 8) + 0.1)
  
  plot(my.wx$Period, my.wx$Power.avg, type = "l", col = "blue", xlab = "Period", ylab = "Wavelet Power",
       main = "Wavelet Power Averaged over Scales", lwd = 2)
  
  for (i in 2:length(cities)){
    my.wy <- analyze.wavelet(my.data, cities[i], loess.span = 0, dt = 1, dj = 1/250, lowerPeriod = 16, upperPeriod = 256,
                             make.pval = TRUE, n.sim = 10)
    lines(my.wy$Period, my.wy$Power.avg, col = colors[i], lwd = 2)
  }
  
  # Add the legend outside the plot area
  par(xpd=TRUE)
  legend("topright", inset = c(-0.2, 0), legend = cities[1:length(cities)], 
         lty = 1, lwd = 2, col = colors[1:length(cities)], cex = 0.7)
}

plot_periods()
## Starting wavelet transformation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave Phase Ampl Power Power.avg Power.pval Power.avg.pval Ridge Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave Phase Ampl Power Power.avg Power.pval Power.avg.pval Ridge Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz 
## Starting wavelet transformation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave Phase Ampl Power Power.avg Power.pval Power.avg.pval Ridge Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz 
## Starting wavelet transformation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave Phase Ampl Power Power.avg Power.pval Power.avg.pval Ridge Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz 
## Starting wavelet transformation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave Phase Ampl Power Power.avg Power.pval Power.avg.pval Ridge Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz 
## Starting wavelet transformation...
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave Phase Ampl Power Power.avg Power.pval Power.avg.pval Ridge Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz 
## Starting wavelet transformation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave Phase Ampl Power Power.avg Power.pval Power.avg.pval Ridge Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz 
## Starting wavelet transformation...
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave Phase Ampl Power Power.avg Power.pval Power.avg.pval Ridge Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz 
## Starting wavelet transformation...
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave Phase Ampl Power Power.avg Power.pval Power.avg.pval Ridge Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave Phase Ampl Power Power.avg Power.pval Power.avg.pval Ridge Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

To identify the significant periods in each time series, we computed the peaks for each series and then sorted them. This allows us to determine which cities have comparable periodicities and identify the periods they share.

#Returns a matrix where each row represents one peak found. The first column gives the height, the second the position/index where the maximum is reached, the third and forth the indices of where the peak begins and ends --- in the sense of where the pattern starts and ends.


#find_peaks <- function() {

compute_peaks<- function(){
  peaks_list <- list()  # Create an empty list to store peaks data for each city

  # Loop through cities
  for (i in 1:length(cities)){
    my.wx <- analyze.wavelet(my.data, cities[i], loess.span = 0, dt = 1, dj = 1/250,
                             lowerPeriod = 16, upperPeriod = 256, make.pval = TRUE, n.sim = 10)
    
    # Find peaks for Power.avg
    
    peaks <- findpeaks(my.wx$Power.avg, threshold = 0)  # You may adjust the threshold as needed
    #print(peaks[,2]) 
    #print(my.wx$Period[peaks[,2]]) 
    peaks_list[[cities[i]]] <- my.wx$Period[peaks[,2]]
    #print(peaks[,2]) 
  }
  return(peaks_list)}

peaks_list=compute_peaks()
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
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## Starting wavelet transformation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave Phase Ampl Power Power.avg Power.pval Power.avg.pval Ridge Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz 
## Starting wavelet transformation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave Phase Ampl Power Power.avg Power.pval Power.avg.pval Ridge Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz 
## Starting wavelet transformation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave Phase Ampl Power Power.avg Power.pval Power.avg.pval Ridge Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz 
## Starting wavelet transformation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave Phase Ampl Power Power.avg Power.pval Power.avg.pval Ridge Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz 
## Starting wavelet transformation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave Phase Ampl Power Power.avg Power.pval Power.avg.pval Ridge Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz
lis=c(15,25,35, 45,55,65,75,85,95, 105, 115, 125, 175, 255)
peaks_list
## $Merced
## [1]  18.94835  32.99099  66.90305  99.18156 177.53996
## 
## $`Los Banos`
## [1]  19.80784  31.29803  48.77263 117.13269
## 
## $Modesto
## [1]  18.68748  28.72032  86.10350 130.87085 174.12747 255.29120
## 
## $Turlock
## [1]  17.19599  45.00458  87.06373 126.93974 175.58186 255.29120
## 
## $Davis
## [1]  32.62713  60.21287 129.06911
## 
## $Esparto
## [1]  24.52192  52.12848  83.98152 126.58828
## 
## $Winters
## [1]  32.62713  60.21287  70.52193 122.44584 175.58186
## 
## $Woodland
## [1]  29.77439  82.82532 127.64560
## 
## $Oakland
## [1]  18.73936  36.65657  63.29414 127.29218
## 
## $`San Francisco`
## [1]  17.10090  27.85762  52.85617  82.36731 125.53971
## 
## $`San Francisco, CA`
## [1]  21.28846  30.44218  83.98152 125.19212 173.64535 255.29120

The results are summarized in the following table, which lists the peaks for each city.

# Function to fill the result data frame
fill_peaks <- function(peaks) {
  bin_edges<-c(10,25, 40,50,60,70,80,90, 120, 170, 255)
  result <- data.frame(
  City = names(peaks),
  stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
  for (i in seq_along(peaks)) {
    city <- names(peaks)[i]
    peak_values <- peaks[[i]]
    
    for (j in seq_along(peak_values)) {
      peak <- peak_values[j]
      bin_index <- findInterval(peak, bin_edges)
      
      # Create the column if it does not exist
      col_name <- as.character(bin_index)
      if (!col_name %in% colnames(result)) {
        result[[col_name]] <- NA
      }
      
     result[i, col_name] <- peak
    }
  }
 return(result) }

# Fill the result data frame
result <- fill_peaks(peaks_list)

# Order columns to ensure they are in the correct sequence
result <- result[, c("City", sort(as.numeric(setdiff(colnames(result), "City"))))]

# Print the result
print(result)
##                 City        1        2        3        4        5        6
## 1             Merced 18.94835 32.99099       NA       NA 66.90305       NA
## 2          Los Banos 19.80784 31.29803 48.77263       NA       NA       NA
## 3            Modesto 18.68748 28.72032       NA       NA       NA       NA
## 4            Turlock 17.19599       NA 45.00458       NA       NA       NA
## 5              Davis       NA 32.62713       NA       NA 60.21287       NA
## 6            Esparto 24.52192       NA       NA 52.12848       NA       NA
## 7            Winters       NA 32.62713       NA       NA 60.21287 70.52193
## 8           Woodland       NA 29.77439       NA       NA       NA       NA
## 9            Oakland 18.73936 36.65657       NA       NA 63.29414       NA
## 10     San Francisco 17.10090 27.85762       NA 52.85617       NA       NA
## 11 San Francisco, CA 21.28846 30.44218       NA       NA       NA       NA
##           7         8        9       10       11
## 1        NA  99.18156       NA 177.5400       NA
## 2        NA 117.13269       NA       NA       NA
## 3  86.10350        NA 130.8709 174.1275 255.2912
## 4  87.06373        NA 126.9397 175.5819 255.2912
## 5        NA        NA 129.0691       NA       NA
## 6  83.98152        NA 126.5883       NA       NA
## 7        NA        NA 122.4458 175.5819       NA
## 8  82.82532        NA 127.6456       NA       NA
## 9        NA        NA 127.2922       NA       NA
## 10 82.36731        NA 125.5397       NA       NA
## 11 83.98152        NA 125.1921 173.6454 255.2912
#knitr::kable(result)

We compute the mean for column to have mean by similar periods

means <- colMeans(result[,-1], na.rm = TRUE)

# Print the means
means
##         1         2         3         4         5         6         7         8 
##  19.53629  31.44382  46.88861  52.49233  62.65573  70.52193  84.38715 108.15713 
##         9        10        11 
## 126.84261 175.29530 255.29120

We will analyze periods around 80, 120, and 170 days because many cities exhibit these periods in their decomposition. We exclude periods around 30 days, despite their common occurrence across cities, as variations in shorter periods may not be related to the disease.

To analyze these selected periods, we filtered cities that exhibit periods close to them. Using these periods, we compared the cities and categorized them into three sets, each corresponding to one of the periods. We computed the mean period for each group and utilized it for phase difference analysis.

means <- colMeans(result[,-1], na.rm = TRUE)

# Print the means
print(means)
##         1         2         3         4         5         6         7         8 
##  19.53629  31.44382  46.88861  52.49233  62.65573  70.52193  84.38715 108.15713 
##         9        10        11 
## 126.84261 175.29530 255.29120
#result <- rbind(result, c("Mean", means))

cities_1= result[!is.na(result$`7`), ]$City
cities_2= result[!is.na(result$`9`), ]$City
cities_3= result[!is.na(result$`10`), ]$City
per1 = means['7']
per2 = means['9']
per3= means['10']
cities_1
## [1] "Modesto"           "Turlock"           "Esparto"          
## [4] "Woodland"          "San Francisco"     "San Francisco, CA"

Comparing the frequency contents of two-two time series

We compute the cross-wavelet power spectrum in the time-period domain for each pair of cities. This plot helps us understand the correlation between the time series data of two cities in terms of periodic components.

#city1= "Esparto"
#city2= "Turlock"

# Computes coherence between two cities using wavelet analysis
compute_coherence <- function(city1, city2){
  my.wc <- analyze.coherency(my.data, my.pair = c(city1, city2),
                           loess.span = 0,
                           dt = 1, dj = 1/100, lowerPeriod=10 , upperPeriod = 250,
                           make.pval = TRUE, n.sim = 10)

  wc.image(my.wc, n.levels = 250, 
           legend.params = list(lab = "cross-wavelet power levels"),
           periodlab = "period (days)", 
           show.date = TRUE, 
           date.format = "%Y-%m-%d", main = paste(city1, ' vs. ', city2))
  
  # Uncomment below to visualize wavelet coherence levels
  #wc.image(my.wc, which.image = "wc", color.key = "interval", n.levels = 250,
  #         siglvl.contour = 0.1, siglvl.arrow = 0.05,
  #         legend.params = list(lab = "wavelet coherence levels",main = paste(city1, ' vs. ', city2)),
  #         timelab = "", main = paste(city1, ' vs. ', city2))
  return (my.wc)
  
}


# Computes coherence for all pairwise combinations of cities in cities_k
compute_coherence_by_group <- function(cities_k){
  for ( i in  1:(length(cities_k)-1)){
      for (j in (i + 1):length(cities_k)) {
      
        city1 <- cities_k[i]
        city2 <- cities_k[j]
        print(paste(city1, '', city2))
        compute_coherence(city1, city2)
      }
    }
  }

compute_coherence_by_group(cities_1)
## [1] "Modesto  Turlock"
## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz
## Warning in wc.image(my.wc, n.levels = 250, legend.params = list(lab = "cross-wavelet power levels"), : 
## Please check your calendar dates, format and time zone: dates may not be in an unambiguous format or chronological. The default numerical axis was used instead.

## [1] "Modesto  Esparto"
## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz
## Warning in wc.image(my.wc, n.levels = 250, legend.params = list(lab = "cross-wavelet power levels"), : 
## Please check your calendar dates, format and time zone: dates may not be in an unambiguous format or chronological. The default numerical axis was used instead.

## [1] "Modesto  Woodland"
## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
##   |                                                                              |                                                                      |   0%  |                                                                              |=======                                                               |  10%  |                                                                              |==============                                                        |  20%  |                                                                              |=====================                                                 |  30%  |                                                                              |============================                                          |  40%  |                                                                              |===================================                                   |  50%  |                                                                              |==========================================                            |  60%  |                                                                              |=================================================                     |  70%  |                                                                              |========================================================              |  80%  |                                                                              |===============================================================       |  90%  |                                                                              |======================================================================| 100%
## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz
## Warning in wc.image(my.wc, n.levels = 250, legend.params = list(lab = "cross-wavelet power levels"), : 
## Please check your calendar dates, format and time zone: dates may not be in an unambiguous format or chronological. The default numerical axis was used instead.

## [1] "Modesto  San Francisco"
## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz
## Warning in wc.image(my.wc, n.levels = 250, legend.params = list(lab = "cross-wavelet power levels"), : 
## Please check your calendar dates, format and time zone: dates may not be in an unambiguous format or chronological. The default numerical axis was used instead.

## [1] "Modesto  San Francisco, CA"
## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
##   |                                                                              |                                                                      |   0%  |                                                                              |=======                                                               |  10%  |                                                                              |==============                                                        |  20%  |                                                                              |=====================                                                 |  30%  |                                                                              |============================                                          |  40%  |                                                                              |===================================                                   |  50%  |                                                                              |==========================================                            |  60%  |                                                                              |=================================================                     |  70%  |                                                                              |========================================================              |  80%  |                                                                              |===============================================================       |  90%  |                                                                              |======================================================================| 100%
## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz
## Warning in wc.image(my.wc, n.levels = 250, legend.params = list(lab = "cross-wavelet power levels"), : 
## Please check your calendar dates, format and time zone: dates may not be in an unambiguous format or chronological. The default numerical axis was used instead.

## [1] "Turlock  Esparto"
## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
##   |                                                                              |                                                                      |   0%  |                                                                              |=======                                                               |  10%  |                                                                              |==============                                                        |  20%  |                                                                              |=====================                                                 |  30%  |                                                                              |============================                                          |  40%  |                                                                              |===================================                                   |  50%  |                                                                              |==========================================                            |  60%  |                                                                              |=================================================                     |  70%  |                                                                              |========================================================              |  80%  |                                                                              |===============================================================       |  90%  |                                                                              |======================================================================| 100%
## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz
## Warning in wc.image(my.wc, n.levels = 250, legend.params = list(lab = "cross-wavelet power levels"), : 
## Please check your calendar dates, format and time zone: dates may not be in an unambiguous format or chronological. The default numerical axis was used instead.

## [1] "Turlock  Woodland"
## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
##   |                                                                              |                                                                      |   0%  |                                                                              |=======                                                               |  10%  |                                                                              |==============                                                        |  20%  |                                                                              |=====================                                                 |  30%  |                                                                              |============================                                          |  40%  |                                                                              |===================================                                   |  50%  |                                                                              |==========================================                            |  60%  |                                                                              |=================================================                     |  70%  |                                                                              |========================================================              |  80%  |                                                                              |===============================================================       |  90%  |                                                                              |======================================================================| 100%
## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz
## Warning in wc.image(my.wc, n.levels = 250, legend.params = list(lab = "cross-wavelet power levels"), : 
## Please check your calendar dates, format and time zone: dates may not be in an unambiguous format or chronological. The default numerical axis was used instead.

## [1] "Turlock  San Francisco"
## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
##   |                                                                              |                                                                      |   0%  |                                                                              |=======                                                               |  10%  |                                                                              |==============                                                        |  20%  |                                                                              |=====================                                                 |  30%  |                                                                              |============================                                          |  40%  |                                                                              |===================================                                   |  50%  |                                                                              |==========================================                            |  60%  |                                                                              |=================================================                     |  70%  |                                                                              |========================================================              |  80%  |                                                                              |===============================================================       |  90%  |                                                                              |======================================================================| 100%
## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz
## Warning in wc.image(my.wc, n.levels = 250, legend.params = list(lab = "cross-wavelet power levels"), : 
## Please check your calendar dates, format and time zone: dates may not be in an unambiguous format or chronological. The default numerical axis was used instead.

## [1] "Turlock  San Francisco, CA"
## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
##   |                                                                              |                                                                      |   0%  |                                                                              |=======                                                               |  10%  |                                                                              |==============                                                        |  20%  |                                                                              |=====================                                                 |  30%  |                                                                              |============================                                          |  40%  |                                                                              |===================================                                   |  50%  |                                                                              |==========================================                            |  60%  |                                                                              |=================================================                     |  70%  |                                                                              |========================================================              |  80%  |                                                                              |===============================================================       |  90%  |                                                                              |======================================================================| 100%
## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz
## Warning in wc.image(my.wc, n.levels = 250, legend.params = list(lab = "cross-wavelet power levels"), : 
## Please check your calendar dates, format and time zone: dates may not be in an unambiguous format or chronological. The default numerical axis was used instead.

## [1] "Esparto  Woodland"
## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
##   |                                                                              |                                                                      |   0%  |                                                                              |=======                                                               |  10%  |                                                                              |==============                                                        |  20%  |                                                                              |=====================                                                 |  30%  |                                                                              |============================                                          |  40%  |                                                                              |===================================                                   |  50%  |                                                                              |==========================================                            |  60%  |                                                                              |=================================================                     |  70%  |                                                                              |========================================================              |  80%  |                                                                              |===============================================================       |  90%  |                                                                              |======================================================================| 100%
## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz
## Warning in wc.image(my.wc, n.levels = 250, legend.params = list(lab = "cross-wavelet power levels"), : 
## Please check your calendar dates, format and time zone: dates may not be in an unambiguous format or chronological. The default numerical axis was used instead.

## [1] "Esparto  San Francisco"
## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz
## Warning in wc.image(my.wc, n.levels = 250, legend.params = list(lab = "cross-wavelet power levels"), : 
## Please check your calendar dates, format and time zone: dates may not be in an unambiguous format or chronological. The default numerical axis was used instead.

## [1] "Esparto  San Francisco, CA"
## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz
## Warning in wc.image(my.wc, n.levels = 250, legend.params = list(lab = "cross-wavelet power levels"), : 
## Please check your calendar dates, format and time zone: dates may not be in an unambiguous format or chronological. The default numerical axis was used instead.

## [1] "Woodland  San Francisco"
## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz
## Warning in wc.image(my.wc, n.levels = 250, legend.params = list(lab = "cross-wavelet power levels"), : 
## Please check your calendar dates, format and time zone: dates may not be in an unambiguous format or chronological. The default numerical axis was used instead.

## [1] "Woodland  San Francisco, CA"
## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz
## Warning in wc.image(my.wc, n.levels = 250, legend.params = list(lab = "cross-wavelet power levels"), : 
## Please check your calendar dates, format and time zone: dates may not be in an unambiguous format or chronological. The default numerical axis was used instead.

## [1] "San Francisco  San Francisco, CA"
## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz
## Warning in wc.image(my.wc, n.levels = 250, legend.params = list(lab = "cross-wavelet power levels"), : 
## Please check your calendar dates, format and time zone: dates may not be in an unambiguous format or chronological. The default numerical axis was used instead.

Now, we utilize the previously computed periods to compare cities within each group across different frequencies, assessing the lead time between their signals using the sel.phase function

# Function to compute phase difference between two cities for a specific period

compute_phase_diff <- function(city1, city2, per){
    my.wc <- analyze.coherency(my.data, my.pair = c(city1, city2),
                           loess.span = 0,
                           dt = 1, dj = 1/100, lowerPeriod=10 , upperPeriod = 250,
                           make.pval = TRUE, n.sim = 10)
    at.ticks <- seq(from = -pi, to = pi, by = pi/4)
    label.ticks <- (at.ticks/pi)*(per/2)
    # Compute phases for the selected period
    phases<-wc.sel.phases(my.wc, sel.period = per, only.sig = TRUE,
                which.sig = "wt",
                siglvl = 0.05,
                phaselim = c(-pi,+pi),
                phaselab = "phases (time units)",
                spec.phase.axis = list(at = at.ticks, labels = label.ticks),
                legend.coords = "topright", legend.horiz = FALSE,
                main = paste(city1, ' vs. ', city2), sub = "", timelab = "")
    phase_diff=phases$Phase.x-phases$Phase.y
    days_lead <- phase_diff / (2 * pi) * per
  #days_lead 
  #plot(days_lead )
  
    trimmed_days_lead <- mean(days_lead, trim = 0.1)
    #if (trimmed_days_lead < 0) {
    #  print(paste(city2, 'leads by', abs(trimmed_days_lead), 'days in the period ', per))
    #} else {
    #  print(paste(city1, 'leads by', trimmed_days_lead, 'days in the period ', per))
    #}
    return(trimmed_days_lead)
}


# Function to compute phase differences for all pairs of cities in a group
compute_phase_diff_by_group<-function(cities_k, perk){
        results_df <- data.frame(city1 = character(), city2 = character(), days_lead = numeric(), stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
      
      for (i in 1:(length(cities_k) - 1)) {
          for (j in (i + 1):length(cities_k)) {
              city1_ <- cities_k[i]
              city2_ <- cities_k[j]
              days_lead <- compute_phase_diff(city1_, city2_, perk)
              
              # Add the result to the dataframe
              results_df <- rbind(results_df, data.frame(city1 = city1_, city2 = city2_, days_lead = days_lead))
          }
      }
      
      # Display the results
      return(results_df)
      }

Differences between wastewater signals in the period 84.3871517

df_phases1=compute_phase_diff_by_group(cities_1, per1)
## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

  #bin_edges<-c(10,25, 40,50,60,70,80,90, 120, 170, 255)
print(df_phases1)
##            city1             city2  days_lead
## 1        Modesto           Turlock  0.2314412
## 2        Modesto           Esparto  7.2226007
## 3        Modesto          Woodland  1.8197430
## 4        Modesto     San Francisco  3.5295022
## 5        Modesto San Francisco, CA -2.1456966
## 6        Turlock           Esparto         NA
## 7        Turlock          Woodland  1.5648690
## 8        Turlock     San Francisco  3.2361310
## 9        Turlock San Francisco, CA -2.3993419
## 10       Esparto          Woodland -6.1429614
## 11       Esparto     San Francisco -4.2652484
## 12       Esparto San Francisco, CA -7.9989411
## 13      Woodland     San Francisco  1.6329119
## 14      Woodland San Francisco, CA -4.2532149
## 15 San Francisco San Francisco, CA         NA

Differences between wastewater signals in the period 126.8426053

df_phases2=compute_phase_diff_by_group(cities_2, per2)
## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
##   |                                                                              |                                                                      |   0%  |                                                                              |=======                                                               |  10%  |                                                                              |==============                                                        |  20%  |                                                                              |=====================                                                 |  30%  |                                                                              |============================                                          |  40%  |                                                                              |===================================                                   |  50%  |                                                                              |==========================================                            |  60%  |                                                                              |=================================================                     |  70%  |                                                                              |========================================================              |  80%  |                                                                              |===============================================================       |  90%  |                                                                              |======================================================================| 100%
## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

  #bin_edges<-c(10,25, 40,50,60,70,80,90, 120, 170, 255)
print(df_phases2)
##            city1             city2  days_lead
## 1        Modesto           Turlock  2.3789175
## 2        Modesto             Davis  6.9612487
## 3        Modesto           Esparto  7.4687871
## 4        Modesto           Winters  8.8624317
## 5        Modesto          Woodland -0.1184463
## 6        Modesto           Oakland  6.3537389
## 7        Modesto     San Francisco  0.8697531
## 8        Modesto San Francisco, CA  0.4502686
## 9        Turlock             Davis  3.6528860
## 10       Turlock           Esparto  5.3790216
## 11       Turlock           Winters  7.1428862
## 12       Turlock          Woodland -2.6690381
## 13       Turlock           Oakland  4.3501891
## 14       Turlock     San Francisco -1.4402996
## 15       Turlock San Francisco, CA -2.0909286
## 16         Davis           Esparto  1.2827695
## 17         Davis           Winters  2.5239025
## 18         Davis          Woodland -6.5745737
## 19         Davis           Oakland  0.2918286
## 20         Davis     San Francisco -4.9747156
## 21         Davis San Francisco, CA -5.3738944
## 22       Esparto           Winters  1.8920589
## 23       Esparto          Woodland -8.0850800
## 24       Esparto           Oakland -0.9775032
## 25       Esparto     San Francisco -6.4133706
## 26       Esparto San Francisco, CA -7.3462673
## 27       Winters          Woodland -9.5063956
## 28       Winters           Oakland         NA
## 29       Winters     San Francisco -8.3622491
## 30       Winters San Francisco, CA -9.0898762
## 31      Woodland           Oakland  6.8710408
## 32      Woodland     San Francisco  1.0404327
## 33      Woodland San Francisco, CA  0.5404539
## 34       Oakland     San Francisco -5.6810794
## 35       Oakland San Francisco, CA -6.2792588
## 36 San Francisco San Francisco, CA -0.6577601

Differences between wastewater signals in the period 175.2953018

df_phases3=compute_phase_diff_by_group(cities_3, per3)
## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
##   |                                                                              |                                                                      |   0%  |                                                                              |=======                                                               |  10%  |                                                                              |==============                                                        |  20%  |                                                                              |=====================                                                 |  30%  |                                                                              |============================                                          |  40%  |                                                                              |===================================                                   |  50%  |                                                                              |==========================================                            |  60%  |                                                                              |=================================================                     |  70%  |                                                                              |========================================================              |  80%  |                                                                              |===============================================================       |  90%  |                                                                              |======================================================================| 100%
## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

## Starting wavelet transformation and coherency computation...
## ... and simulations... 
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## Class attributes are accessible through following names:
## series loess.span dt dj Wave.xy Angle sWave.xy sAngle Power.xy Power.xy.avg Power.xy.pval Power.xy.avg.pval Coherency Coherence Coherence.avg Coherence.pval Coherence.avg.pval Wave.x Wave.y Phase.x Phase.y Ampl.x Ampl.y Power.x Power.y Power.x.avg Power.y.avg Power.x.pval Power.y.pval Power.x.avg.pval Power.y.avg.pval sPower.x sPower.y Ridge.xy Ridge.co Ridge.x Ridge.y Period Scale nc nr coi.1 coi.2 axis.1 axis.2 date.format date.tz

  #bin_edges<-c(10,25, 40,50,60,70,80,90, 120, 170, 255)
print(df_phases3)
##      city1             city2   days_lead
## 1   Merced           Modesto   0.9419799
## 2   Merced           Turlock  -1.4633854
## 3   Merced           Winters          NA
## 4   Merced San Francisco, CA  -8.7622029
## 5  Modesto           Turlock  -2.4326045
## 6  Modesto           Winters -11.5294156
## 7  Modesto San Francisco, CA  -9.6976415
## 8  Turlock           Winters -10.4009844
## 9  Turlock San Francisco, CA  -7.1640239
## 10 Winters San Francisco, CA  12.3260727
merged_df <- full_join(df_phases1, df_phases2, by = c("city1", "city2")) %>%
    full_join(df_phases3, by = c("city1", "city2")) %>%
    select(city1, city2, days_lead_per1 = days_lead.x, days_lead_per2 = days_lead.y, days_lead_per_3 = days_lead)
print(merged_df)
##            city1             city2 days_lead_per1 days_lead_per2
## 1        Modesto           Turlock      0.2314412      2.3789175
## 2        Modesto           Esparto      7.2226007      7.4687871
## 3        Modesto          Woodland      1.8197430     -0.1184463
## 4        Modesto     San Francisco      3.5295022      0.8697531
## 5        Modesto San Francisco, CA     -2.1456966      0.4502686
## 6        Turlock           Esparto             NA      5.3790216
## 7        Turlock          Woodland      1.5648690     -2.6690381
## 8        Turlock     San Francisco      3.2361310     -1.4402996
## 9        Turlock San Francisco, CA     -2.3993419     -2.0909286
## 10       Esparto          Woodland     -6.1429614     -8.0850800
## 11       Esparto     San Francisco     -4.2652484     -6.4133706
## 12       Esparto San Francisco, CA     -7.9989411     -7.3462673
## 13      Woodland     San Francisco      1.6329119      1.0404327
## 14      Woodland San Francisco, CA     -4.2532149      0.5404539
## 15 San Francisco San Francisco, CA             NA     -0.6577601
## 16       Modesto             Davis             NA      6.9612487
## 17       Modesto           Winters             NA      8.8624317
## 18       Modesto           Oakland             NA      6.3537389
## 19       Turlock             Davis             NA      3.6528860
## 20       Turlock           Winters             NA      7.1428862
## 21       Turlock           Oakland             NA      4.3501891
## 22         Davis           Esparto             NA      1.2827695
## 23         Davis           Winters             NA      2.5239025
## 24         Davis          Woodland             NA     -6.5745737
## 25         Davis           Oakland             NA      0.2918286
## 26         Davis     San Francisco             NA     -4.9747156
## 27         Davis San Francisco, CA             NA     -5.3738944
## 28       Esparto           Winters             NA      1.8920589
## 29       Esparto           Oakland             NA     -0.9775032
## 30       Winters          Woodland             NA     -9.5063956
## 31       Winters           Oakland             NA             NA
## 32       Winters     San Francisco             NA     -8.3622491
## 33       Winters San Francisco, CA             NA     -9.0898762
## 34      Woodland           Oakland             NA      6.8710408
## 35       Oakland     San Francisco             NA     -5.6810794
## 36       Oakland San Francisco, CA             NA     -6.2792588
## 37        Merced           Modesto             NA             NA
## 38        Merced           Turlock             NA             NA
## 39        Merced           Winters             NA             NA
## 40        Merced San Francisco, CA             NA             NA
##    days_lead_per_3
## 1       -2.4326045
## 2               NA
## 3               NA
## 4               NA
## 5       -9.6976415
## 6               NA
## 7               NA
## 8               NA
## 9       -7.1640239
## 10              NA
## 11              NA
## 12              NA
## 13              NA
## 14              NA
## 15              NA
## 16              NA
## 17     -11.5294156
## 18              NA
## 19              NA
## 20     -10.4009844
## 21              NA
## 22              NA
## 23              NA
## 24              NA
## 25              NA
## 26              NA
## 27              NA
## 28              NA
## 29              NA
## 30              NA
## 31              NA
## 32              NA
## 33      12.3260727
## 34              NA
## 35              NA
## 36              NA
## 37       0.9419799
## 38      -1.4633854
## 39              NA
## 40      -8.7622029
knitr::kable(merged_df)
city1 city2 days_lead_per1 days_lead_per2 days_lead_per_3
Modesto Turlock 0.2314412 2.3789175 -2.4326045
Modesto Esparto 7.2226007 7.4687871 NA
Modesto Woodland 1.8197430 -0.1184463 NA
Modesto San Francisco 3.5295022 0.8697531 NA
Modesto San Francisco, CA -2.1456966 0.4502686 -9.6976415
Turlock Esparto NA 5.3790216 NA
Turlock Woodland 1.5648690 -2.6690381 NA
Turlock San Francisco 3.2361310 -1.4402996 NA
Turlock San Francisco, CA -2.3993419 -2.0909286 -7.1640239
Esparto Woodland -6.1429614 -8.0850800 NA
Esparto San Francisco -4.2652484 -6.4133706 NA
Esparto San Francisco, CA -7.9989411 -7.3462673 NA
Woodland San Francisco 1.6329119 1.0404327 NA
Woodland San Francisco, CA -4.2532149 0.5404539 NA
San Francisco San Francisco, CA NA -0.6577601 NA
Modesto Davis NA 6.9612487 NA
Modesto Winters NA 8.8624317 -11.5294156
Modesto Oakland NA 6.3537389 NA
Turlock Davis NA 3.6528860 NA
Turlock Winters NA 7.1428862 -10.4009844
Turlock Oakland NA 4.3501891 NA
Davis Esparto NA 1.2827695 NA
Davis Winters NA 2.5239025 NA
Davis Woodland NA -6.5745737 NA
Davis Oakland NA 0.2918286 NA
Davis San Francisco NA -4.9747156 NA
Davis San Francisco, CA NA -5.3738944 NA
Esparto Winters NA 1.8920589 NA
Esparto Oakland NA -0.9775032 NA
Winters Woodland NA -9.5063956 NA
Winters Oakland NA NA NA
Winters San Francisco NA -8.3622491 NA
Winters San Francisco, CA NA -9.0898762 12.3260727
Woodland Oakland NA 6.8710408 NA
Oakland San Francisco NA -5.6810794 NA
Oakland San Francisco, CA NA -6.2792588 NA
Merced Modesto NA NA 0.9419799
Merced Turlock NA NA -1.4633854
Merced Winters NA NA NA
Merced San Francisco, CA NA NA -8.7622029