class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide .title[ # Patterns and Age-Homogamy in Same-Sex and Different-Sex Marriages in Spain ] .subtitle[ ## 11th Annual International Conference on Demography and Population Studies, Athens ] .author[ ### José Antonio Ortega ] .date[ ### 17-20 June 2024
] --- layout: true background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,#img/usal_en_hor.png) background-position: 95% 0% background-size: 15% --- class: inverse, center, middle # Same-sex Marriage in Spain --- # Same-sex Marriage in Spain - Spain was one of the **forerunners** in the legalization of same-sex marriages in **2005**. - Exception made of 2020 due to COVID, the **number of same-sex marriages has been increasing**. - Currently: the country in the World with the **highest proportion of same-sex marriages** at around 3.5% (DeSilver, 2023) - So far, no demographic measures of same-sex nuptiality have been computed beyond this proportion or the crude marriage rate (in Spain or elsewhere). > GOAL: Characterization of same-sex and different-sex marriages with standard demographic techniques: > - Age-specific rates > - Total Nuptiality Rates (additive model) > - Mean age at marriage (observed and from rates) > - Distribution of age-gap between spouses. --- .pull-left[ ## Literature review - The study of nuptiality has a great tradition, - But demographic study of same-sex marriages very limited, generally based only on absolute numbers and proportions. - Richest comparative analysis so far (Cortina and Festy, 2020), based on Crude Marriage Rates by type and comparing marriages to couples by type. - Based on 2017 Hh survey, propensity to be in marriage much lower for same-sex couples. (56% compared to 86%). Small N (806 same sex couples) ## Data - **Marriage microdata** for 2016-2022 from NSO (INE). A total of 1101477 marriages including 17539 same-sex marriages of females and 15927 of males: 3.04% of same-sex marriages. - **Population** by age and sex on July 1st (INE). ] .pull-right[ ## Methods - Analysis focused only on **marriage data**, which is exhaustive. - Tabulations of **marriages by type**. - Tabulations of **individuals** marrying by age at marriage and type: - **Age-specific marriage rates** by type (additive model) - **Total Marriage Rates** by type: Interpretation similar to standard TMR, Average marriages per lifetime (synthetic cohort) - **Mean-ages at marriage**: Observed and according to rates. - Distribution of marriages by age-gap (**Age homogamy**) ] --- class: inverse, center, middle # Patterns based on the number of marriages <!-- --> --- .left-column[ ## Numbers - Increasing proportion of same-sex marriages - Mainly due to increase in **FF** marriages. - Big drop in 2020 due to COVID. > How big are these numbers? **CMR**, *Crude Marriage Rate* ] .right-column[ .panelset[ .panel[.panel-name[Table] <div class="tabwid"><style>.cl-4462299a{}.cl-444ca020{font-family:'Arial';font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);background-color:transparent;}.cl-444ca05c{font-family:'Arial';font-size:14pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);background-color:transparent;}.cl-4452eb38{margin:0;text-align:right;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);padding-bottom:5pt;padding-top:5pt;padding-left:5pt;padding-right:5pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;}.cl-44531702{width:0.75in;background-color:rgba(207, 207, 207, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-4453170c{width:0.75in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-44531716{width:0.75in;background-color:rgba(239, 239, 239, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-44531717{width:0.75in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}</style><table data-quarto-disable-processing='true' class='cl-4462299a'><caption style="display:table-caption;margin:0pt;text-align:center;border-bottom: 0.00pt solid transparent;border-top: 0.00pt solid transparent;border-left: 0.00pt solid transparent;border-right: 0.00pt solid transparent;padding-top:3pt;padding-bottom:3pt;padding-left:3pt;padding-right:3pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;"><span>Number and structure of marriages by type, Spain.</span></caption><thead><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th rowspan="2"class="cl-44531702"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca020">Year</span></p></th><th rowspan="2"class="cl-44531702"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca020">Different sex</span></p></th><th colspan="3"class="cl-44531702"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca020">Same sex</span></p></th><th colspan="3"class="cl-44531702"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca020">All marriages</span></p></th><th colspan="3"class="cl-44531702"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca020">Percentage</span></p></th></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th class="cl-4453170c"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca020">Both</span></p></th><th class="cl-4453170c"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca020">Females</span></p></th><th class="cl-4453170c"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca020">Males</span></p></th><th class="cl-4453170c"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca020">Females</span></p></th><th class="cl-4453170c"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca020">Males</span></p></th><th class="cl-4453170c"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca020">Both</span></p></th><th class="cl-4453170c"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca020">FF</span></p></th><th class="cl-4453170c"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca020">MM</span></p></th><th class="cl-4453170c"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca020">Same sex</span></p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">2,016</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">171,023</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">4,320</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">2,132</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">2,188</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">173,155</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">173,211</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">175,343</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">1.22</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">1.25</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">2.46</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">2,017</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">168,989</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">4,637</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">2,314</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">2,323</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">171,303</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">171,312</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">173,626</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">1.33</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">1.34</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">2.67</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">2,018</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">162,743</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">4,870</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">2,512</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">2,358</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">165,255</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">165,101</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">167,613</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">1.50</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">1.41</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">2.91</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">2,019</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">161,389</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">5,141</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">2,649</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">2,492</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">164,038</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">163,881</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">166,530</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">1.59</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">1.50</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">3.09</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">2,020</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">87,481</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">3,189</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">1,685</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">1,504</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">89,166</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">88,985</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">90,670</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">1.86</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">1.66</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">3.52</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">2,021</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">143,515</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">5,073</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">2,867</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">2,206</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">146,382</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">145,721</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">148,588</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">1.93</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">1.48</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531717"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">3.41</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">2,022</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">172,871</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">6,236</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">3,380</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">2,856</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">176,251</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">175,727</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">179,107</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">1.89</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">1.59</span></p></td><td class="cl-44531716"><p class="cl-4452eb38"><span class="cl-444ca05c">3.48</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div> ] .panel[.panel-name[Graph] <!-- --> ] .panel[.panel-name[Comparison 1] Source: *Pew Research Center, 2023*  ] .panel[.panel-name[Comparison 2] ### Same sex marriages in selected countries .pull-left[ <!-- --> ] .pull-right[ <!-- --> ] ] ] ] --- class: inverse, center, middle # Crude Marriage Rates ### Control for total population <!-- --> --- ## Crude marriage rates by type .left-column[ - **Simple**: Just divide by total population, per 1000. - **Comparable** across populations. - **Dependent** on age-structure. > What is high? ] .right-column[ .panelset[ .panel[ .panel-name[Table] <div class="tabwid"><style>.cl-458c7b04{}.cl-457e4af2{font-family:'Arial';font-size:11pt;font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);background-color:transparent;}.cl-457e4afc{font-family:'Arial';font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);background-color:transparent;}.cl-4583f5d8{margin:0;text-align:right;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);padding-bottom:5pt;padding-top:5pt;padding-left:5pt;padding-right:5pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;}.cl-458418ba{width:0.75in;background-color:rgba(207, 207, 207, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-458418c4{width:0.75in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-458418c5{width:0.75in;background-color:rgba(239, 239, 239, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-458418ce{width:0.75in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}</style><table data-quarto-disable-processing='true' class='cl-458c7b04'><caption style="display:table-caption;margin:0pt;text-align:center;border-bottom: 0.00pt solid transparent;border-top: 0.00pt solid transparent;border-left: 0.00pt solid transparent;border-right: 0.00pt solid transparent;padding-top:3pt;padding-bottom:3pt;padding-left:3pt;padding-right:3pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;"><span>Crude Marriage Rates per 1000 by type, Spain.</span></caption><thead><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th rowspan="3"class="cl-458418ba"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4af2">Year</span></p></th><th colspan="4"class="cl-458418ba"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4af2">CMR</span></p></th><th class="cl-458418ba"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4af2">Ratio</span></p></th></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th rowspan="2"class="cl-458418c4"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4af2">Different sex</span></p></th><th colspan="4"class="cl-458418c4"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4af2">Same sex</span></p></th></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th class="cl-458418ba"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4af2">Both</span></p></th><th class="cl-458418ba"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4af2">Females</span></p></th><th class="cl-458418ba"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4af2">Males</span></p></th><th class="cl-458418ba"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4af2">FF/MM</span></p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">2,016</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">3.68</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.09</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.05</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.05</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.97</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-458418ce"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">2,017</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418ce"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">3.63</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418ce"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.10</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418ce"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.05</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418ce"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.05</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418ce"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">1.00</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">2,018</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">3.48</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.10</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.05</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.05</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">1.07</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-458418ce"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">2,019</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418ce"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">3.43</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418ce"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.11</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418ce"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.06</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418ce"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.05</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418ce"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">1.06</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">2,020</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">1.85</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.07</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.04</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.03</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">1.12</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-458418ce"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">2,021</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418ce"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">3.03</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418ce"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.11</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418ce"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.06</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418ce"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.05</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418ce"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">1.30</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">2,022</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">3.62</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.13</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.07</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">0.06</span></p></td><td class="cl-458418c5"><p class="cl-4583f5d8"><span class="cl-457e4afc">1.18</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div> ] .panel[ .panel-name[C-MF-MR] <!-- --> **Low MF-rates** compared to 5 in 2004, or to Germany and Sweden. ] .panel[ .panel-name[C-SS-MR] <!-- --> Same-sex marriage rates,**low overall**, but **high** in comparative perspective. ] ] ] --- class: inverse, center, middle # Total Marriage Rates ### Control for age-structure <!-- --> --- .left-column[ ## TMRs by type - **Not computed before**. Two interpretations: - **Synthetic cohort**: Number of marriages of that type in a lifetime - Number in a **squared pyramid**, one by age. - **Additive model**: Extensible to **rank** or other dimensions. ] .right-column[ .panelset[ .panel[ .panel-name[Table] <div class="tabwid"><style>.cl-467fbe4a{}.cl-4671612e{font-family:'Arial';font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);background-color:transparent;}.cl-46716142{font-family:'Arial';font-size:14pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);background-color:transparent;}.cl-46773374{margin:0;text-align:right;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);padding-bottom:5pt;padding-top:5pt;padding-left:5pt;padding-right:5pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;}.cl-46775566{width:0.75in;background-color:rgba(207, 207, 207, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46775570{width:0.75in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-4677557a{width:0.75in;background-color:rgba(207, 207, 207, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46775584{width:0.75in;background-color:rgba(239, 239, 239, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-46775585{width:0.75in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}</style><table data-quarto-disable-processing='true' class='cl-467fbe4a'><caption style="display:table-caption;margin:0pt;text-align:center;border-bottom: 0.00pt solid transparent;border-top: 0.00pt solid transparent;border-left: 0.00pt solid transparent;border-right: 0.00pt solid transparent;padding-top:3pt;padding-bottom:3pt;padding-left:3pt;padding-right:3pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;"><span>Total marriage rates by type, Spain.</span></caption><thead><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th rowspan="3"class="cl-46775566"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-4671612e">Year</span></p></th><th colspan="2"class="cl-46775566"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-4671612e">All marriages</span></p></th><th colspan="2"class="cl-46775566"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-4671612e">Different sex</span></p></th><th colspan="2"class="cl-46775566"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-4671612e">Same sex</span></p></th></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th colspan="2"class="cl-46775570"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-4671612e"> </span></p></th><th colspan="2"class="cl-46775570"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-4671612e">MF</span></p></th><th class="cl-46775570"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-4671612e">FF</span></p></th><th class="cl-46775570"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-4671612e">MM</span></p></th></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th class="cl-4677557a"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-4671612e">Females</span></p></th><th class="cl-4677557a"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-4671612e">Males</span></p></th><th class="cl-4677557a"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-4671612e">Females</span></p></th><th class="cl-4677557a"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-4671612e">Males</span></p></th><th class="cl-4677557a"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-4671612e">Females</span></p></th><th class="cl-4677557a"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-4671612e">Males</span></p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">2,016</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.568</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.547</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.555</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.534</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.014</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.014</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-46775585"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">2,017</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775585"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.570</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775585"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.552</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775585"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.555</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775585"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.537</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775585"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.015</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775585"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.015</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">2,018</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.554</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.536</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.537</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.521</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.016</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.015</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-46775585"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">2,019</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775585"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.548</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775585"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.532</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775585"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.530</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775585"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.516</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775585"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.017</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775585"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.016</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">2,020</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.294</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.289</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.283</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.279</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.011</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.010</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-46775585"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">2,021</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775585"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.495</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775585"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.480</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775585"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.476</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775585"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.465</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775585"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.019</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775585"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.014</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">2,022</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.595</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.578</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.572</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.559</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.023</span></p></td><td class="cl-46775584"><p class="cl-46773374"><span class="cl-46716142">0.018</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div> Less than 0.6 marriages per person, 0.04 same-sex. Simple calculation from partner object: no need to get the rates `ages |> count(Year,Type,Sex,wt=1/n)` ] .panel[ .panel-name[Graph] <!-- --> - More incidence of COVID-19 on different-sex marriages. ] .panel[ .panel-name[According to rank] <!-- --> - **Remarriage low**, particularly for same-sex Marriages: More than 80% of marriages first marriages, 85% and 89% for MM and FF. - **Total first marriage rate** can be interpreted as **proportion that would ever get married** in the synthetic-cohort. ] ] ] --- class: inverse, center, middle # Mean Ages at marriage <!-- --> --- .left-column[ ## Mean age at marriage - Available in some countries based on **numbers**. - But affected by age-structure. Should be based on **rates** ] .right-column[ .panelset[ .panel[ .panel-name[Table] <div class="tabwid"><style>.cl-47aa3fa2{}.cl-479b1bc6{font-family:'Arial';font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);background-color:transparent;}.cl-479b1bd0{font-family:'Arial';font-size:14pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);background-color:transparent;}.cl-47a10be4{margin:0;text-align:right;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);padding-bottom:5pt;padding-top:5pt;padding-left:5pt;padding-right:5pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;}.cl-47a13204{width:0.75in;background-color:rgba(207, 207, 207, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-47a1320e{width:0.75in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-47a13218{width:0.75in;background-color:rgba(207, 207, 207, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-47a13219{width:0.75in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-47a13222{width:0.75in;background-color:rgba(239, 239, 239, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-47a13223{width:0.75in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}</style><table data-quarto-disable-processing='true' class='cl-47aa3fa2'><caption style="display:table-caption;margin:0pt;text-align:center;border-bottom: 0.00pt solid transparent;border-top: 0.00pt solid transparent;border-left: 0.00pt solid transparent;border-right: 0.00pt solid transparent;padding-top:3pt;padding-bottom:3pt;padding-left:3pt;padding-right:3pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;"><span>Mean ages at marriage from number and rates by type, Spain.</span></caption><thead><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th rowspan="4"class="cl-47a13204"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bc6">Year</span></p></th><th colspan="4"class="cl-47a13204"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bc6">Mean Age</span></p></th><th colspan="4"class="cl-47a13204"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bc6">Mean Age rates</span></p></th></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th colspan="2"class="cl-47a1320e"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bc6">Different sex</span></p></th><th colspan="2"class="cl-47a1320e"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bc6">Same sex</span></p></th><th colspan="2"class="cl-47a1320e"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bc6">Different sex</span></p></th><th colspan="2"class="cl-47a1320e"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bc6">Same sex</span></p></th></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th colspan="2"class="cl-47a13218"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bc6">MF</span></p></th><th class="cl-47a13218"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bc6">FF</span></p></th><th class="cl-47a13218"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bc6">MM</span></p></th><th colspan="2"class="cl-47a13218"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bc6">MF</span></p></th><th class="cl-47a13218"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bc6">FF</span></p></th><th class="cl-47a13218"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bc6">MM</span></p></th></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th class="cl-47a13219"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bc6">Females</span></p></th><th class="cl-47a13219"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bc6">Males</span></p></th><th class="cl-47a13219"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bc6">Females</span></p></th><th class="cl-47a13219"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bc6">Males</span></p></th><th class="cl-47a13219"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bc6">Females</span></p></th><th class="cl-47a13219"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bc6">Males</span></p></th><th class="cl-47a13219"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bc6">Females</span></p></th><th class="cl-47a13219"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bc6">Males</span></p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">2,016</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">35.7</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">38.3</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">37.9</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">42.0</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">34.8</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">38.5</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">37.2</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">43.0</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">2,017</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">36.1</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">38.8</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">37.8</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">41.6</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">35.1</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">39.0</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">37.0</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">41.9</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">2,018</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">36.5</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">39.2</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">37.6</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">41.9</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">35.5</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">39.3</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">36.7</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">42.2</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">2,019</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">37.2</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">39.9</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">38.2</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">42.2</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">36.1</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">39.9</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">37.3</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">42.7</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">2,020</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">38.9</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">41.8</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">38.5</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">44.0</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">37.7</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">42.1</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">37.6</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">44.3</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">2,021</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">38.1</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">40.9</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">38.5</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">44.0</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">37.0</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">40.9</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">37.6</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13223"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">44.4</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">2,022</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">38.0</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">40.7</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">38.3</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">43.0</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">36.9</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">40.5</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">37.5</span></p></td><td class="cl-47a13222"><p class="cl-47a10be4"><span class="cl-479b1bd0">43.2</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div> Mean ages older for males. Large difference of MM with the rest. Comparison with published sources (2022): Mean ages in Germany, MF, of 39.1 and 36.4, in France 39.8 and 37.3, old but slightly younger than in Spain. For same-sex, in France, FF 38.8 and MM 44.7, even older than in Spain and with similar pattern. ] .panel[ .panel-name[Graph] <!-- --> - Mean ages from numbers bigger for females since they belong to smaller generations. - Impact of COVID: The few marrying MF in 2020 were older. Also MM in 2020 and 2021. ] .panel[ .panel-name[According to rank] <!-- --> - More difference in Mean Ages according to rank in **MF**. - Consistent with *recent stocks* in same-sex marriages. ] ] ] --- class: inverse, center, middle # Age-specific Marriage rates <!-- --> --- class: inverse, center, middle # Age-homogamy <!-- --> --- ## Age-homogamy .pull-left[ - **MF** marriages: **men older universally** - **Same-sex** marriages: Partners **non-distinguishable** Two possible methods to compare: - According to **partner characteristics**, both partners considered separately. - According to **marriage characteristics**: Distribution of **absolute age-gap** - Some evidence on **higher age-heterogamy** among **MM** marriages. ] .pull-right[ .middle[ <!-- --> <!-- --> ] ] --- .left-column[ ## Patterns - **MM** marriages clear **more heterogamous**: Big mean differences, more dispersion. - **COVID-19**: Slightly more **heterogamy** for **MF** and **FF** in 2020, not for **MM**. ] .right-column[ .panelset[ .panel[ .panel-name[Table] <div class="tabwid"><style>.cl-4acf6bf8{}.cl-4abc9f78{font-family:'Arial';font-size:14pt;font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);background-color:transparent;}.cl-4abc9f82{font-family:'Arial';font-size:14pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);background-color:transparent;}.cl-4ac62aac{margin:0;text-align:right;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);padding-bottom:5pt;padding-top:5pt;padding-left:5pt;padding-right:5pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;}.cl-4ac64fc8{width:0.75in;background-color:rgba(207, 207, 207, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-4ac64fdc{width:0.75in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-4ac64fe6{width:0.75in;background-color:rgba(239, 239, 239, 1.00);vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.cl-4ac64fe7{width:0.75in;background-color:transparent;vertical-align: middle;border-bottom: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-top: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-left: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);border-right: 0 solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.00);margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}</style><table data-quarto-disable-processing='true' class='cl-4acf6bf8'><caption style="display:table-caption;margin:0pt;text-align:center;border-bottom: 0.00pt solid transparent;border-top: 0.00pt solid transparent;border-left: 0.00pt solid transparent;border-right: 0.00pt solid transparent;padding-top:3pt;padding-bottom:3pt;padding-left:3pt;padding-right:3pt;line-height: 1;background-color:transparent;"><span>Mean and dispersion of absolute age-gap by type, Spain.</span></caption><thead><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th rowspan="2"class="cl-4ac64fc8"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f78">Year</span></p></th><th colspan="3"class="cl-4ac64fc8"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f78">Mean</span></p></th><th colspan="3"class="cl-4ac64fc8"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f78">SD</span></p></th></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><th class="cl-4ac64fdc"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f78">FF</span></p></th><th class="cl-4ac64fdc"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f78">MF</span></p></th><th class="cl-4ac64fdc"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f78">MM</span></p></th><th class="cl-4ac64fdc"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f78">FF</span></p></th><th class="cl-4ac64fdc"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f78">MF</span></p></th><th class="cl-4ac64fdc"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f78">MM</span></p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">2,016</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.8</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.2</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">8.3</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.4</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.5</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">7.8</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-4ac64fe7"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">2,017</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe7"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.8</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe7"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.3</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe7"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">7.8</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe7"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.5</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe7"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.5</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe7"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">7.6</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">2,018</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.6</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.3</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">7.9</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.5</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.5</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">7.8</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-4ac64fe7"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">2,019</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe7"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.6</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe7"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.4</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe7"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">8.2</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe7"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.2</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe7"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.6</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe7"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">7.8</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">2,020</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.9</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.8</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">8.1</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.5</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.9</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">7.6</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-4ac64fe7"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">2,021</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe7"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.8</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe7"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.4</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe7"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">8.0</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe7"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.4</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe7"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.7</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe7"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">8.0</span></p></td></tr><tr style="overflow-wrap:break-word;"><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">2,022</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.6</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.3</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">7.9</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.5</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">4.5</span></p></td><td class="cl-4ac64fe6"><p class="cl-4ac62aac"><span class="cl-4abc9f82">7.6</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div> - **Much higher absolute age-gap** and **SD** for **MM**. **FF** and **MF** similar. - Comparable to France (5.1 in **FF**, 4.3 **MF**, 7.4 **MM**), and Netherlands 2015 (4.6, 4.3, and 7.5) ] .panel[ .panel-name[Graph] <!-- --> - Few changes over time - **Mean** and **sd** similar of magnitude for the three types of marriage: similar **cv** ] .panel[ .panel-name[Absolute age-gap by age] <!-- --> - Lowest **heterogamy** for those marrying in the middle-ages. - **MM** more **heterogamous** at every age. ] ] ] --- class: inverse, center, middle # Conclusions --- # Conclusions .pull-left[ #### Methodological - **Demographic** methods for the study of nuptiality are **extensible** to **same-sex** marriages in a very natural manner. - All the analysis presented, **same treatment** of marriages by type. - Important to know when to use **marriage database** when **partner database** - **Marriage**: Absolute numbers, **CMRs**, proportions, absolute age-gaps. *Current practice* - **Partners**: **TMRs**, mean ages, age-gap patterns. - **NSOs** should tabulate all of these quantities to facilitate comparative work. In particular **TMRs**. ] .pull-right[ #### Substantive - The **comparative analysis** shows a **consistent** pattern over time and across countries. - **TMRs** for same-sex marriages at less than 2% per type, with increasing ratio of **FF**. - **MM** marriages more **heterogamous** than **FF** or **MF** - Impact of **COVID** similar, but more intense for **MF** marriages. - These are mixed measures of **marriage intensity** and **risk**. To separate them, more data needed (*sexual orientation*, *couples*). ] --- class: inverse, center, middle background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,#img/usal_en_hor.png) background-position: 50% 90% background-size: 50% # Thanks! ## jaortega@usal.es