main vairables
Education= EDU – measured by age
Age= – age – measure by age
Fearful Personality – fear – measure on a 10-point scale
Right-wing ideology- ideology – measured on a scale from 0-10
Female – sex
Active in labour – labour
The paper selected for the for the replication project is titled “Do we need multiple questions to capture feeling threatened by immigrants?” authored by Ruedin Didier.it was published Political Research Exchange in 2020. This research examines how individuals in Europe are uneasy and feel threatened by immigration. This study employs 24 questions about possible neighbours to gradually alter the features of immigrants in an appropriate poll conducted in Switzerland in 2013. Respondents consistently regard immigrants from other cultures and those more likely to get social benefits as more dangerous. To do so, it examined whether types of immigrants are viewed as more threatening than others, while also emphasising that studies that capture sentiments against immigrants in a generalised a sense properly identify whoever feels most intimidated by and opposes immigration. Utilising a fine-grained method, Didier demonstrated that responses to various immigrants change systematically. At the end he states that, correlations among various immigrants are often similar to each other, yet when looking at specific immigrants instead of combining questions, preferences around stereotypes may impact the outcomes. Considering that such stereotypes are likely to vary over a period of time and countries, we must carefully interpret cross-temporal and spatial comparisons, particularly when examining views towards specific immigrants. At the same time, general evaluations of “immigrants” are legitimate in the sense that they indicate who is more affected by certain types of immigrants.
This is a preregistration of an extension project for the following study:
Ruedin, D. (2020). Do we need multiple questions to capture feeling threatened by immigrants? Political Research Exchange, 2(1), 1758576.1758576.https://doi.org/10.1080/2474736X.2020.1758576
In my replication project I am focusing on the following argument made in the study:
• Old Claim: so have consistently more negative views about all immigrants, as do older people in almost all instances • New claim :The relationship between age and attitudes to immigrants will depend on the level of education and will be more negative for people with lower education.
Higher educated individuals have consistently been found to hold more tolerant attitudes towards immigrants than lower educated individuals (for a review, see Ceobanu and Escandell, 2010) Immigration has a more favorable influence on younger persons, who are more sensitive to labour market changes and benefit from increased diversity and possibilities. In contrast, older natives are less receptive and may suffer negative consequences from immigration due to factors such as reduced mobility and fewer potential advantages. The disparity in impact among age groups demonstrates the intricate interplay between immigration, demographics, and labour market variables.
Describe scientific rationale for the study extention.
so it might be it will be stronger among people with low education (lower educated people will be more prejudiced when older) than among highly educated people (the negative role of age might be weaker). The original study dealing with all variable while my study will be dealing with mostly education.
Hypothesis:
Do you expect to get the same or different results from the original study? Why?
The original replication projected just stated the claim where older people have a negative view on immigration and there wasn’t any explanation why that claim was made.I am hoping to prove it as an actual relation.
Dataset1 = angst Source :OSF website This dataset was used in the original study: https://osf.io/z95au
I will test the hypothesis using the same/different regression model applied in this study on how having a higher education impacts age on having a positive or negative mindset.
Describe all variables that you will use in your data analysis. Explain how they were measured and whether they were manipulated in any way.
__Dependent variable(s):Threat - value - 10 represents a major threat, 5-6 is a medium-sized threat and 1 means no or almost no threat
Independent variables (IVs):
Education= EDU – measured by age
Age= – age – measure by age
Fearful Personality – fear – measure on a 10-point scale
Right-wing ideology- ideology – measured on a scale from 0-10
Female – sex
Active in labour – labour
Considering my results that there p- values will be less than 0.05 will be statistically significant
No tests will be made to assess eligibility for participation, other than verifying that each of the variables does not have any missing values or N/As.
If there are any N/As in the variables these observations will not be included in the analysis
I suppose that certain elderly folks that haven’t had an education haven’t really gained a positive mindest on immigrants in the country, but people who have studied enough years in school have a positive mindset.
This preregistration form was completed in the following R environment:
## R version 4.3.3 (2024-02-29 ucrt)
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## [5] LC_TIME=English_United Kingdom.utf8
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## time zone: Europe/London
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## attached base packages:
## [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
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## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
## [1] digest_0.6.35 R6_2.5.1 fastmap_1.1.1 xfun_0.42
## [5] cachem_1.0.8 knitr_1.45 htmltools_0.5.7 rmarkdown_2.26
## [9] lifecycle_1.0.4 cli_3.6.2 sass_0.4.8 jquerylib_0.1.4
## [13] compiler_4.3.3 rstudioapi_0.15.0 tools_4.3.3 evaluate_0.23
## [17] bslib_0.6.1 yaml_2.3.8 rlang_1.1.3 jsonlite_1.8.8Ford R. (2008). Is racial prejudice declining in Britain? The British Journal of Sociology, 59(4), 609-636.
McLaren L., & Paterson, I. (2020). Generational change and attitudes to immigration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46, 665-682.
Schotte S., & Winkler H. (2018). Why are the elderly more averse to immigration when they are more likely to benefit? Evidence across countries. International Migration Review, 52(4), 1250-1282
Bartlett J. (2021). OSF preregistration template.Rmd. GitHub (accessed 03/05/2023)
Bowman, S. D., DeHaven, A. C., Errington, T. M., Hardwicke, T. E., Mellor, D. T., Nosek, B. A., & Soderberg, C. K. (2020). OSF Prereg Template. https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/epgjd. OSF (accessed 03/05/2023)