library(dplyr)
Attaching package: 'dplyr'The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
filter, lagThe following objects are masked from 'package:base':
intersect, setdiff, setequal, unionlibrary(meta)Loading required package: metadatLoading 'meta' package (version 7.0-0).
Type 'help(meta)' for a brief overview.
Readers of 'Meta-Analysis with R (Use R!)' should install
older version of 'meta' package: https://tinyurl.com/dt4y5drs###Reading the data
m_data <- readxl::read_excel("data/metaanalysis_data.xlsx")m.raw_boys_play_female <- metacont(n.e=N_boys,
mean.e=Mean_boys_play_female,
sd.e=SD_boys_play_female,
n.c=N_boys,
mean.c=Mean_boys_play_male,
sd.c=SD_boys_play_male,
data=m_data,
studlab=paste(Study),
comb.fixed = TRUE,
comb.random = TRUE,
)m.raw_boys_play_female %>% forest()
m.raw_boys_play_female %>% funnel()
m.raw_boys_play_female %>% metareg(`Study` + `Male authors`)Warning: Redundant predictors dropped from the model.
Mixed-Effects Model (k = 27; tau^2 estimator: REML)
tau^2 (estimated amount of residual heterogeneity): 3533.5690 (SE = 1717.1262)
tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 59.4438
I^2 (residual heterogeneity / unaccounted variability): 95.40%
H^2 (unaccounted variability / sampling variability): 21.76
R^2 (amount of heterogeneity accounted for): 75.79%
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 11) = 67.4317, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 2:16):
QM(df = 15) = 77.6871, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval
intrcpt -61.4400 68.8601 -0.8922 0.3723
StudyArthur (2014) 39.4400 94.7653 0.4162 0.6773
StudyBerenbaum & Hines (1992) -230.3100 112.2511 -2.0517 0.0402
StudyBerenbaum & Snyder (1995) -396.3500 98.8473 -4.0097 <.0001
StudyDoering et al (1989) -191.4600 92.7990 -2.0632 0.0391
StudyIdle et al. (1993) -195.1600 104.8050 -1.8621 0.0626
StudyLamminmäki & Hines (2012) 95.8900 93.1081 1.0299 0.3031
StudyLi & Wong (2016) -126.3000 94.0128 -1.3434 0.1791
StudyPasterski et al. (2005) -125.0741 79.0919 -1.5814 0.1138
StudySchau et al. (1980) -203.5200 101.7731 -1.9997 0.0455
StudyServin et al. (1999) -70.6846 79.0026 -0.8947 0.3709
StudyTodd et al. (2016) 19.4234 77.0643 0.2520 0.8010
Studyvan de Beek (2009) 43.4300 93.3567 0.4652 0.6418
StudyWilansky-Traynor & Lobel (2008) -20.6667 82.0371 -0.2519 0.8011
StudyZosuls et al. (2009) 70.4484 75.7783 0.9297 0.3525
StudyZosuls, Ruble & Tamis-LeMonda (2014) 26.3400 80.8598 0.3257 0.7446
ci.lb ci.ub
intrcpt -196.4032 73.5232
StudyArthur (2014) -146.2965 225.1765
StudyBerenbaum & Hines (1992) -450.3181 -10.3019 *
StudyBerenbaum & Snyder (1995) -590.0872 -202.6128 ***
StudyDoering et al (1989) -373.3426 -9.5774 *
StudyIdle et al. (1993) -400.5741 10.2541 .
StudyLamminmäki & Hines (2012) -86.5985 278.3785
StudyLi & Wong (2016) -310.5617 57.9617
StudyPasterski et al. (2005) -280.0913 29.9431
StudySchau et al. (1980) -402.9915 -4.0485 *
StudyServin et al. (1999) -225.5270 84.1577
StudyTodd et al. (2016) -131.6199 170.4667
Studyvan de Beek (2009) -139.5459 226.4059
StudyWilansky-Traynor & Lobel (2008) -181.4564 140.1231
StudyZosuls et al. (2009) -78.0744 218.9712
StudyZosuls, Ruble & Tamis-LeMonda (2014) -132.1424 184.8224
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1m.raw_boys_play_female %>% metareg(`Study` + `Female authors`)Warning: Redundant predictors dropped from the model.
Mixed-Effects Model (k = 27; tau^2 estimator: REML)
tau^2 (estimated amount of residual heterogeneity): 3533.5690 (SE = 1717.1262)
tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 59.4438
I^2 (residual heterogeneity / unaccounted variability): 95.40%
H^2 (unaccounted variability / sampling variability): 21.76
R^2 (amount of heterogeneity accounted for): 75.79%
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 11) = 67.4317, p-val < .0001
Test of Moderators (coefficients 2:16):
QM(df = 15) = 77.6871, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval
intrcpt -61.4400 68.8601 -0.8922 0.3723
StudyArthur (2014) 39.4400 94.7653 0.4162 0.6773
StudyBerenbaum & Hines (1992) -230.3100 112.2511 -2.0517 0.0402
StudyBerenbaum & Snyder (1995) -396.3500 98.8473 -4.0097 <.0001
StudyDoering et al (1989) -191.4600 92.7990 -2.0632 0.0391
StudyIdle et al. (1993) -195.1600 104.8050 -1.8621 0.0626
StudyLamminmäki & Hines (2012) 95.8900 93.1081 1.0299 0.3031
StudyLi & Wong (2016) -126.3000 94.0128 -1.3434 0.1791
StudyPasterski et al. (2005) -125.0741 79.0919 -1.5814 0.1138
StudySchau et al. (1980) -203.5200 101.7731 -1.9997 0.0455
StudyServin et al. (1999) -70.6846 79.0026 -0.8947 0.3709
StudyTodd et al. (2016) 19.4234 77.0643 0.2520 0.8010
Studyvan de Beek (2009) 43.4300 93.3567 0.4652 0.6418
StudyWilansky-Traynor & Lobel (2008) -20.6667 82.0371 -0.2519 0.8011
StudyZosuls et al. (2009) 70.4484 75.7783 0.9297 0.3525
StudyZosuls, Ruble & Tamis-LeMonda (2014) 26.3400 80.8598 0.3257 0.7446
ci.lb ci.ub
intrcpt -196.4032 73.5232
StudyArthur (2014) -146.2965 225.1765
StudyBerenbaum & Hines (1992) -450.3181 -10.3019 *
StudyBerenbaum & Snyder (1995) -590.0872 -202.6128 ***
StudyDoering et al (1989) -373.3426 -9.5774 *
StudyIdle et al. (1993) -400.5741 10.2541 .
StudyLamminmäki & Hines (2012) -86.5985 278.3785
StudyLi & Wong (2016) -310.5617 57.9617
StudyPasterski et al. (2005) -280.0913 29.9431
StudySchau et al. (1980) -402.9915 -4.0485 *
StudyServin et al. (1999) -225.5270 84.1577
StudyTodd et al. (2016) -131.6199 170.4667
Studyvan de Beek (2009) -139.5459 226.4059
StudyWilansky-Traynor & Lobel (2008) -181.4564 140.1231
StudyZosuls et al. (2009) -78.0744 218.9712
StudyZosuls, Ruble & Tamis-LeMonda (2014) -132.1424 184.8224
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1m.raw_girsl_play_male <- metacont(n.e=N_girls,
mean.e=Mean_girls_play_male,
sd.e=SD_girls_play_male,
n.c=N_girls,
mean.c=Mean_girls_play_female,
sd.c=SD_girls_play_female,
data=m_data,
studlab=paste(Study),
comb.fixed = TRUE,
comb.random = TRUE,
)m.raw_girsl_play_male %>% forest()
m.raw_girsl_play_male %>% funnel()
m.raw_girsl_play_male %>% metareg(`Study` + `Male authors`)Warning: Redundant predictors dropped from the model.
Mixed-Effects Model (k = 27; tau^2 estimator: REML)
tau^2 (estimated amount of residual heterogeneity): 0.0000 (SE = 59.8757)
tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0017
I^2 (residual heterogeneity / unaccounted variability): 0.00%
H^2 (unaccounted variability / sampling variability): 1.00
R^2 (amount of heterogeneity accounted for): 100.00%
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 11) = 19.4724, p-val = 0.0531
Test of Moderators (coefficients 2:16):
QM(df = 15) = 162.5384, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval
intrcpt -289.9200 39.0966 -7.4155 <.0001
StudyArthur (2014) 99.9200 42.9721 2.3252 0.0201
StudyBerenbaum & Hines (1992) 177.1200 84.6453 2.0925 0.0364
StudyBerenbaum & Snyder (1995) 226.9800 77.8848 2.9143 0.0036
StudyDoering et al (1989) 243.1200 54.8950 4.4288 <.0001
StudyIdle et al. (1993) 420.6200 71.3300 5.8968 <.0001
StudyLamminmäki & Hines (2012) 243.3700 44.0020 5.5309 <.0001
StudyLi & Wong (2016) 150.0200 45.6678 3.2850 0.0010
StudyPasterski et al. (2005) 153.6560 45.2637 3.3947 0.0007
StudySchau et al. (1980) 254.4800 54.3716 4.6804 <.0001
StudyServin et al. (1999) 190.8796 44.3647 4.3025 <.0001
StudyTodd et al. (2016) 247.5081 39.4134 6.2798 <.0001
Studyvan de Beek (2009) 212.5700 43.2776 4.9118 <.0001
StudyWilansky-Traynor & Lobel (2008) 234.6633 41.5398 5.6491 <.0001
StudyZosuls et al. (2009) 213.7384 40.7297 5.2477 <.0001
StudyZosuls, Ruble & Tamis-LeMonda (2014) 259.2200 39.5358 6.5566 <.0001
ci.lb ci.ub
intrcpt -366.5479 -213.2921 ***
StudyArthur (2014) 15.6963 184.1437 *
StudyBerenbaum & Hines (1992) 11.2182 343.0218 *
StudyBerenbaum & Snyder (1995) 74.3287 379.6313 **
StudyDoering et al (1989) 135.5277 350.7123 ***
StudyIdle et al. (1993) 280.8157 560.4243 ***
StudyLamminmäki & Hines (2012) 157.1278 329.6122 ***
StudyLi & Wong (2016) 60.5128 239.5272 **
StudyPasterski et al. (2005) 64.9408 242.3712 ***
StudySchau et al. (1980) 147.9136 361.0464 ***
StudyServin et al. (1999) 103.9265 277.8328 ***
StudyTodd et al. (2016) 170.2593 324.7569 ***
Studyvan de Beek (2009) 127.7474 297.3926 ***
StudyWilansky-Traynor & Lobel (2008) 153.2468 316.0798 ***
StudyZosuls et al. (2009) 133.9097 293.5670 ***
StudyZosuls, Ruble & Tamis-LeMonda (2014) 181.7311 336.7088 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1m.raw_girsl_play_male %>% metareg(`Study` + `Female authors`)Warning: Redundant predictors dropped from the model.
Mixed-Effects Model (k = 27; tau^2 estimator: REML)
tau^2 (estimated amount of residual heterogeneity): 0.0000 (SE = 59.8757)
tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0017
I^2 (residual heterogeneity / unaccounted variability): 0.00%
H^2 (unaccounted variability / sampling variability): 1.00
R^2 (amount of heterogeneity accounted for): 100.00%
Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
QE(df = 11) = 19.4724, p-val = 0.0531
Test of Moderators (coefficients 2:16):
QM(df = 15) = 162.5384, p-val < .0001
Model Results:
estimate se zval pval
intrcpt -289.9200 39.0966 -7.4155 <.0001
StudyArthur (2014) 99.9200 42.9721 2.3252 0.0201
StudyBerenbaum & Hines (1992) 177.1200 84.6453 2.0925 0.0364
StudyBerenbaum & Snyder (1995) 226.9800 77.8848 2.9143 0.0036
StudyDoering et al (1989) 243.1200 54.8950 4.4288 <.0001
StudyIdle et al. (1993) 420.6200 71.3300 5.8968 <.0001
StudyLamminmäki & Hines (2012) 243.3700 44.0020 5.5309 <.0001
StudyLi & Wong (2016) 150.0200 45.6678 3.2850 0.0010
StudyPasterski et al. (2005) 153.6560 45.2637 3.3947 0.0007
StudySchau et al. (1980) 254.4800 54.3716 4.6804 <.0001
StudyServin et al. (1999) 190.8796 44.3647 4.3025 <.0001
StudyTodd et al. (2016) 247.5081 39.4134 6.2798 <.0001
Studyvan de Beek (2009) 212.5700 43.2776 4.9118 <.0001
StudyWilansky-Traynor & Lobel (2008) 234.6633 41.5398 5.6491 <.0001
StudyZosuls et al. (2009) 213.7384 40.7297 5.2477 <.0001
StudyZosuls, Ruble & Tamis-LeMonda (2014) 259.2200 39.5358 6.5566 <.0001
ci.lb ci.ub
intrcpt -366.5479 -213.2921 ***
StudyArthur (2014) 15.6963 184.1437 *
StudyBerenbaum & Hines (1992) 11.2182 343.0218 *
StudyBerenbaum & Snyder (1995) 74.3287 379.6313 **
StudyDoering et al (1989) 135.5277 350.7123 ***
StudyIdle et al. (1993) 280.8157 560.4243 ***
StudyLamminmäki & Hines (2012) 157.1278 329.6122 ***
StudyLi & Wong (2016) 60.5128 239.5272 **
StudyPasterski et al. (2005) 64.9408 242.3712 ***
StudySchau et al. (1980) 147.9136 361.0464 ***
StudyServin et al. (1999) 103.9265 277.8328 ***
StudyTodd et al. (2016) 170.2593 324.7569 ***
Studyvan de Beek (2009) 127.7474 297.3926 ***
StudyWilansky-Traynor & Lobel (2008) 153.2468 316.0798 ***
StudyZosuls et al. (2009) 133.9097 293.5670 ***
StudyZosuls, Ruble & Tamis-LeMonda (2014) 181.7311 336.7088 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1