First steps

rm(list = ls())                                    
objects()

## character(0)

getwd()  

## [1] "C:/Users/nicor/OneDrive - Universidad Externado de Colombia/MINE - 008/PSIS/Scripts/prog_001"

basename(getwd())

## [1] "prog_001"

dirname(getwd())

## [1] "C:/Users/nicor/OneDrive - Universidad Externado de Colombia/MINE - 008/PSIS/Scripts"

cat("/014")     

## /014

A.

a <- 2.3
verify <- (6*a + 42)/(3^(4.2 - 3.62)); verify

## [1] 29.50556

B.

The option that squares negative 4 and adds 2 to the result is number one, here’s the demonstration:

i <- (-4)^2+2; i

## [1] 18

C.

numeros <- c(25.2, 15, 16.44, 15.3, 18.6)
resultado <- sqrt(mean(numeros)/2)
round(resultado,3)

## [1] 3.009

D.

log_res <- log(0.3)
round(log_res,3)

## [1] -1.204

E.

exp_res <- exp(log_res); exp_res

## [1] 0.3

F.

-0.00000000423546322

## [1] -4.235463e-09

First steps

rm(list = ls())                                    
objects()

## character(0)

getwd()  

## [1] "C:/Users/nicor/OneDrive - Universidad Externado de Colombia/MINE - 008/PSIS/Scripts/prog_001"

basename(getwd())

## [1] "prog_001"

dirname(getwd())

## [1] "C:/Users/nicor/OneDrive - Universidad Externado de Colombia/MINE - 008/PSIS/Scripts"

cat("/014")     

## /014

A.

res <- ((3^2) * 4^(1/8))
round(res,3)

## [1] 10.703

B.

res_2 <- res / 2.33
round(res_2,3)

## [1] 4.594

C.

obj <- -8.2 * 10^(-13); obj

## [1] -8.2e-13

D.

res_2 * obj

## [1] -3.766673e-12

First steps

rm(list = ls())                                    
objects()

## character(0)

getwd()  

## [1] "C:/Users/nicor/OneDrive - Universidad Externado de Colombia/MINE - 008/PSIS/Scripts/prog_001"

basename(getwd())

## [1] "prog_001"

dirname(getwd())

## [1] "C:/Users/nicor/OneDrive - Universidad Externado de Colombia/MINE - 008/PSIS/Scripts"

cat("/014")     

## /014

A.

sec <- seq(from = 5, to = -11, by = -0.3); sec

##  [1]   5.0   4.7   4.4   4.1   3.8   3.5   3.2   2.9   2.6   2.3   2.0   1.7
## [13]   1.4   1.1   0.8   0.5   0.2  -0.1  -0.4  -0.7  -1.0  -1.3  -1.6  -1.9
## [25]  -2.2  -2.5  -2.8  -3.1  -3.4  -3.7  -4.0  -4.3  -4.6  -4.9  -5.2  -5.5
## [37]  -5.8  -6.1  -6.4  -6.7  -7.0  -7.3  -7.6  -7.9  -8.2  -8.5  -8.8  -9.1
## [49]  -9.4  -9.7 -10.0 -10.3 -10.6 -10.9

B.

sec <- rev(sec); sec

##  [1] -10.9 -10.6 -10.3 -10.0  -9.7  -9.4  -9.1  -8.8  -8.5  -8.2  -7.9  -7.6
## [13]  -7.3  -7.0  -6.7  -6.4  -6.1  -5.8  -5.5  -5.2  -4.9  -4.6  -4.3  -4.0
## [25]  -3.7  -3.4  -3.1  -2.8  -2.5  -2.2  -1.9  -1.6  -1.3  -1.0  -0.7  -0.4
## [37]  -0.1   0.2   0.5   0.8   1.1   1.4   1.7   2.0   2.3   2.6   2.9   3.2
## [49]   3.5   3.8   4.1   4.4   4.7   5.0

C.

vec <- c(-1, 3, -5, 7, -9)
repetido <- rep(vec, 2)
repetido_2 <- rep(repetido, 10)
result <- sort(repetido_2, decreasing = T); result

##   [1]  7  7  7  7  7  7  7  7  7  7  7  7  7  7  7  7  7  7  7  7  3  3  3  3  3
##  [26]  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
##  [51] -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5
##  [76] -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9 -9

D.

vec_almacenamiento <- c((seq(6, 12)), (rep(5.3, 3)), -3, (seq(102, (length(result)), length.out = 9))); vec_almacenamiento

##  [1]   6.00   7.00   8.00   9.00  10.00  11.00  12.00   5.30   5.30   5.30
## [11]  -3.00 102.00 101.75 101.50 101.25 101.00 100.75 100.50 100.25 100.00

E.

length(vec_almacenamiento)

## [1] 20

First steps

rm(list = ls())                                    
objects()

## character(0)

getwd()  

## [1] "C:/Users/nicor/OneDrive - Universidad Externado de Colombia/MINE - 008/PSIS/Scripts/prog_001"

basename(getwd())

## [1] "prog_001"

dirname(getwd())

## [1] "C:/Users/nicor/OneDrive - Universidad Externado de Colombia/MINE - 008/PSIS/Scripts"

cat("/014")     

## /014

A.

secu <- c((seq(3, 6, length.out = 5)), (rep(c(2,-5.1,-33), 2)), ((7/32)+2)); secu

##  [1]   3.00000   3.75000   4.50000   5.25000   6.00000   2.00000  -5.10000
##  [8] -33.00000   2.00000  -5.10000 -33.00000   2.21875

B.

objeto_1 <- secu[c(1,length(secu))]; objeto_1

## [1] 3.00000 2.21875

C.

objeto_2 <- secu[-c(1,length(secu))]; objeto_2

##  [1]   3.75   4.50   5.25   6.00   2.00  -5.10 -33.00   2.00  -5.10 -33.00

D.

recontruccion <- c(objeto_1[1], objeto_2, objeto_1[2]); recontruccion

##  [1]   3.00000   3.75000   4.50000   5.25000   6.00000   2.00000  -5.10000
##  [8] -33.00000   2.00000  -5.10000 -33.00000   2.21875

E.

vector_ordenado <- sort(recontruccion); vector_ordenado

##  [1] -33.00000 -33.00000  -5.10000  -5.10000   2.00000   2.00000   2.21875
##  [8]   3.00000   3.75000   4.50000   5.25000   6.00000

F.

vector_invertido <- vector_ordenado[length(vector_ordenado):1]; vector_invertido

##  [1]   6.00000   5.25000   4.50000   3.75000   3.00000   2.21875   2.00000
##  [8]   2.00000  -5.10000  -5.10000 -33.00000 -33.00000

vector_ordenado_decreasing <- sort(vector_ordenado, decreasing = T); vector_ordenado_decreasing

##  [1]   6.00000   5.25000   4.50000   3.75000   3.00000   2.21875   2.00000
##  [8]   2.00000  -5.10000  -5.10000 -33.00000 -33.00000

all(vector_invertido == vector_ordenado_decreasing)

## [1] TRUE

G.

nuevo_vector <- c((rep(objeto_2[3],3)), rep(objeto_2[6],4), objeto_2[length(objeto_2)]); nuevo_vector

## [1]   5.25   5.25   5.25  -5.10  -5.10  -5.10  -5.10 -33.00

H.

nuevo_objeto <- vector_ordenado
nuevo_objeto[c(1, 5:7, length(nuevo_objeto))] <- c(99:95); nuevo_objeto

##  [1]  99.00 -33.00  -5.10  -5.10  98.00  97.00  96.00   3.00   3.75   4.50
## [11]   5.25  95.00

First steps

rm(list = ls())                                    
objects()

## character(0)

getwd()  

## [1] "C:/Users/nicor/OneDrive - Universidad Externado de Colombia/MINE - 008/PSIS/Scripts/prog_001"

basename(getwd())

## [1] "prog_001"

dirname(getwd())

## [1] "C:/Users/nicor/OneDrive - Universidad Externado de Colombia/MINE - 008/PSIS/Scripts"

cat("/014")     

## /014

A.

vector_original <- c(2, 0.5, 1, 2, 0.5, 1, 2, 0.5, 1)
vector_transformacion <- c(1/2, 2, 1)
vector_transformado <- vector_original * rep(vector_transformacion, length.out = length(vector_original)); vector_transformado

## [1] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

B.

temperaturas_f <- c(45, 77, 20, 19, 101, 120, 212)
temperaturas_c <- (5/9)*(temperaturas_f-32)
tabla_temperaturas <- data.frame(
  Fahrenheit = temperaturas_f,
  Celsius = round(temperaturas_c,2)); kableExtra::kable(tabla_temperaturas)

C.

vector1 <- c(2, 4, 6)
vector2 <- c(1, 2)
vector2_repetido <- rep(vector2, each = length(vector1))
resultado <- vector1 * vector2_repetido; resultado

## [1]  2  4  6  4  8 12

D.

resultado[2:5] <- c(-0.1, -100); resultado

## [1]    2.0   -0.1 -100.0   -0.1 -100.0   12.0