Covariates not included
Covariates included
Covariates included, outliers removed
Significant covariates included
Dependent Variable B SE 95% CI t-value p-value R2 F-stat B SE 95% CI t-value p-value R2 F-stat ΔR²: M2vM1 B SE 95% CI t-value p-value R2 F-stat ΔR²: M3vM1 B SE 95% CI t-value p-value R2 F-stat ΔR²: M4vM1
Percentage of Moments of Immersed Less Distanced Statements
PPN Course -25.67 7.39 [-40.22, -11.12] -3.47 0.001*** 0.04 F (2,277) =6.4 -23.23 7.72 [-38.44, -8.02] -3.01 0.003** 0.12 0.08 F (21,252) =1.7 -21.78 7.48 [-36.51, -7.06] -2.91 0.004** 0.11 0.07 F (21,249) =1.49 -13.38 3.17 [-19.62, -7.13] -4.22 0.000*** 0.14 0.1 F (11,268) =4.09
Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -27.26 11.4 [-49.70, -4.83] -2.39 0.017* -22.72 11.70 [-45.76, 0.33] -1.94 0.053. -21.80 11.19 [-43.85, 0.24] -1.95 0.053. -8.46 4.87 [-18.04, 1.13] -1.74 0.084.
Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 37.72 39.93 [-40.93, 116.36] 0.94 0.346 33.00 38.04 [-41.92, 107.91] 0.87 0.386
Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano -18.71 54.39 [-125.83, 88.41] -0.34 0.731 -5.24 51.86 [-107.38, 96.90] -0.10 0.920
Ethnicity: multi-racial -8.74 32.42 [-72.58, 55.11] -0.27 0.788 -12.58 30.88 [-73.39, 48.24] -0.41 0.684
Ethnicity: Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander -23.24 14.29 [-51.38, 4.89] -1.63 0.105 -32.83 13.77 [-59.95, -5.70] -2.38 0.018*
Ethnicity: Non-hispanic Black/African-American -1.25 39.57 [-79.18, 76.68] -0.03 0.975 -6.08 37.69 [-80.32, 68.16] -0.16 0.872
Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White -17.08 11.89 [-40.50, 6.34] -1.44 0.152 -16.79 11.33 [-39.11, 5.52] -1.48 0.139
Ethnicity: Other -18.11 20.32 [-58.13, 21.91] -0.89 0.374 -21.06 19.36 [-59.18, 17.07] -1.09 0.278
Age (winsorized) -31.17 54.34 [-138.19, 75.85] -0.57 0.567 -31.16 51.75 [-133.09, 70.77] -0.60 0.548
Parent Ed: BA -4.17 2.94 [-9.97, 1.62] -1.42 0.157 -3.11 2.82 [-8.67, 2.44] -1.10 0.271
Parent Ed: doctoral 36.65 28.86 [-20.18, 93.48] 1.27 0.205 16.03 27.78 [-38.69, 70.76] 0.58 0.564 20.21 10.83 [-1.12, 41.54] 1.87 0.063.
Parent Ed: HS 11.77 27.80 [-42.98, 66.52] 0.42 0.672 7.57 26.49 [-44.61, 59.75] 0.29 0.775 10.09 10.3 [-10.18, 30.36] 0.98 0.328
Parent Ed: no HS -15.20 31.90 [-78.03, 47.63] -0.48 0.634 -21.54 30.40 [-81.42, 38.34] -0.71 0.479 4.59 11.95 [-18.93, 28.12] 0.38 0.701
Parent Ed: MA 16.28 27.47 [-37.82, 70.39] 0.59 0.554 9.15 26.19 [-42.44, 60.73] 0.35 0.727 10.91 10.1 [-8.97, 30.79] 1.08 0.281
Parent Ed: JD/MD 14.48 27.67 [-40.01, 68.97] 0.52 0.601 7.87 26.37 [-44.07, 59.82] 0.30 0.766 12.37 10.21 [-7.73, 32.47] 1.21 0.227
Parent Ed: csome college 13.32 29.22 [-44.23, 70.86] 0.46 0.649 6.35 27.85 [-48.51, 61.21] 0.23 0.820 14.88 10.77 [-6.33, 36.09] 1.38 0.168
Female 27.15 31.32 [-34.53, 88.83] 0.87 0.387 23.76 29.83 [-34.99, 82.52] 0.80 0.426 -26.8 13 [-52.40, -1.20] -2.06 0.040*
Male 10.04 32.15 [-53.28, 73.36] 0.31 0.755 11.36 30.63 [-48.97, 71.69] 0.37 0.711 -34.15 13.3 [-60.34, -7.96] -2.57 0.011*
Transgender 58.15 43.41 [-27.33, 143.64] 1.34 0.182 54.90 41.34 [-26.51, 136.31] 1.33 0.185 -4.11 18.1 [-39.75, 31.52] -0.23 0.820
Baseline Depression 0.05 0.51 [-0.94, 1.05] 0.11 0.916 0.11 0.48 [-0.85, 1.06] 0.22 0.824
Percentage of Moments of What Statements
PPN Course -15.61 3.16 [-21.84, -9.38] -4.93 0.000*** 0.08 F (2,277) =12.17 -12.24 3.22 [-18.59, -5.89] -3.80 0.000*** 0.2 0.12 F (21,252) =2.96 -9.32 2.44 [-14.14, -4.51] -3.82 0.000*** 0.18 0.1 F (21,227) =2.36 1.57 3.41 [-5.15, 8.29] 0.46 0.646 0.04 -0.04 F (5,274) =2.19
Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -11.76 4.88 [-21.36, -2.15] -2.41 0.017* -8.92 4.88 [-18.54, 0.70] -1.83 0.069. -8.46 3.69 [-15.72, -1.19] -2.29 0.023* -3.38 5.25 [-13.72, 6.95] -0.64 0.520
Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 14.45 16.67 [-18.38, 47.28] 0.87 0.387 13.23 11.69 [-9.80, 36.26] 1.13 0.259
Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano -7.08 22.71 [-51.80, 37.63] -0.31 0.755 -2.70 15.76 [-33.76, 28.36] -0.17 0.864
Ethnicity: multi-racial -6.50 13.53 [-33.16, 20.15] -0.48 0.631 -8.81 9.45 [-27.44, 9.82] -0.93 0.352
Ethnicity: Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander -8.02 5.96 [-19.76, 3.73] -1.34 0.180 -9.37 4.48 [-18.19, -0.55] -2.09 0.037*
Ethnicity: Non-hispanic Black/African-American 2.59 16.52 [-29.94, 35.12] 0.16 0.876 1.76 11.50 [-20.90, 24.42] 0.15 0.879
Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White -6.41 4.96 [-16.19, 3.37] -1.29 0.198 -4.68 3.78 [-12.12, 2.77] -1.24 0.217
Ethnicity: Other -1.14 8.48 [-17.85, 15.56] -0.13 0.893 -4.43 6.31 [-16.87, 8.01] -0.70 0.484
Age (winsorized) -22.73 22.68 [-67.40, 21.95] -1.00 0.317 -18.01 15.75 [-49.05, 13.03] -1.14 0.254
Parent Ed: BA -2.41 1.23 [-4.83, 0.01] -1.96 0.051. -0.80 0.88 [-2.54, 0.94] -0.90 0.367
Parent Ed: doctoral 24.54 12.05 [0.82, 48.27] 2.04 0.043* 14.28 8.51 [-2.48, 31.05] 1.68 0.095.
Parent Ed: HS 14.08 11.60 [-8.77, 36.94] 1.21 0.226 13.20 8.03 [-2.62, 29.03] 1.64 0.102
Parent Ed: no HS 11.15 13.32 [-15.07, 37.38] 0.84 0.403 9.58 9.23 [-8.60, 27.76] 1.04 0.300
Parent Ed: MA 15.17 11.47 [-7.41, 37.75] 1.32 0.187 10.67 7.94 [-4.98, 26.33] 1.34 0.180
Parent Ed: JD/MD 16.24 11.55 [-6.51, 38.99] 1.41 0.161 11.05 8.00 [-4.71, 26.81] 1.38 0.169
Parent Ed: csome college 18.63 12.20 [-5.39, 42.65] 1.53 0.128 14.31 8.50 [-2.44, 31.07] 1.68 0.094.
Female -21.34 13.07 [-47.09, 4.40] -1.63 0.104 -3.16 11.06 [-24.95, 18.63] -0.29 0.775 42.29 13.88 [14.96, 69.61] 3.05 0.003**
Male -30.10 13.42 [-56.53, -3.66] -2.24 0.026* -10.58 11.29 [-32.83, 11.68] -0.94 0.350 42.95 14.16 [15.07, 70.83] 3.03 0.003**
Transgender 0.42 18.12 [-35.27, 36.10] 0.02 0.982 14.55 15.49 [-15.97, 45.08] 0.94 0.348 35.56 19.39 [-2.62, 73.73] 1.83 0.068.
Baseline Depression 0.51 0.21 [0.09, 0.93] 2.42 0.016* 0.22 0.15 [-0.09, 0.52] 1.41 0.160
Percentage of Moments of Attributive Statements
PPN Course 2.77 3.42 [-3.95, 9.50] 0.81 0.417 0 F (2,277) =0.68 0.63 3.62 [-6.50, 7.76] 0.17 0.862 0.07 0.07 F (21,252) =0.9 -0.22 3.45 [-7.02, 6.57] -0.06 0.949 0.04 0.03 F (21,249) =0.48 10.91 3.28 [4.45, 17.38] 3.33 0.001** 0.07 0.06 F (10,269) =1.89
Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course -1.87 5.27 [-12.24, 8.50] -0.36 0.723 -2.43 5.49 [-13.24, 8.37] -0.44 0.658 -3.35 5.20 [-13.59, 6.89] -0.64 0.520 9.52 5.02 [-0.37, 19.41] 1.9 0.059.
Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 4.41 18.73 [-32.48, 41.29] 0.24 0.814 8.03 17.73 [-26.88, 42.94] 0.45 0.651 8.67 16.86 [-24.53, 41.87] 0.51 0.608
Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano -2.27 25.51 [-52.51, 47.97] -0.09 0.929 -0.37 24.14 [-47.92, 47.18] -0.02 0.988 4.47 14.07 [-23.24, 32.18] 0.32 0.751
Ethnicity: multi-racial 2.14 15.21 [-27.81, 32.08] 0.14 0.888 4.50 14.39 [-23.83, 32.84] 0.31 0.754 15.64 14.01 [-11.94, 43.22] 1.12 0.265
Ethnicity: Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander -3.61 6.70 [-16.80, 9.59] -0.54 0.591 -2.32 6.41 [-14.94, 10.30] -0.36 0.717 10.44 6.11 [-1.60, 22.48] 1.71 0.089.
Ethnicity: Non-hispanic Black/African-American -3.22 18.56 [-39.77, 33.34] -0.17 0.863 -0.93 17.56 [-35.50, 33.65] -0.05 0.958 23.35 16.86 [-9.85, 56.55] 1.38 0.167
Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White -2.13 5.58 [-13.11, 8.85] -0.38 0.703 -0.76 5.29 [-11.18, 9.67] -0.14 0.886 8.47 5.15 [-1.67, 18.61] 1.64 0.101
Ethnicity: Other -7.92 9.53 [-26.68, 10.85] -0.83 0.407 -6.83 9.01 [-24.58, 10.92] -0.76 0.450 14.97 8.23 [-1.24, 31.17] 1.82 0.070.
Age (winsorized) 7.14 25.49 [-43.06, 57.34] 0.28 0.780 5.33 24.08 [-42.10, 52.76] 0.22 0.825 8.67 23.31 [-37.22, 54.56] 0.37 0.710
Parent Ed: BA 0.32 1.38 [-2.40, 3.04] 0.23 0.818 0.28 1.31 [-2.30, 2.86] 0.21 0.831
Parent Ed: doctoral -6.22 13.53 [-32.87, 20.44] -0.46 0.646 -4.48 12.93 [-29.94, 20.98] -0.35 0.729
Parent Ed: HS -8.20 13.04 [-33.88, 17.48] -0.63 0.530 -8.06 12.33 [-32.35, 16.22] -0.65 0.514
Parent Ed: no HS -18.75 14.96 [-48.22, 10.72] -1.25 0.211 -20.42 14.17 [-48.33, 7.49] -1.44 0.151
Parent Ed: MA -7.03 12.88 [-32.40, 18.35] -0.55 0.586 -6.31 12.18 [-30.30, 17.69] -0.52 0.605
Parent Ed: JD/MD -9.00 12.98 [-34.56, 16.56] -0.69 0.489 -8.93 12.27 [-33.10, 15.24] -0.73 0.467
Parent Ed: csome college -11.97 13.70 [-38.96, 15.02] -0.87 0.383 -9.19 12.98 [-34.75, 16.37] -0.71 0.479
Female 34.92 14.69 [5.99, 63.85] 2.38 0.018* 9.16 17.00 [-24.31, 42.64] 0.54 0.590
Male 35.12 15.08 [5.42, 64.82] 2.33 0.021* 9.29 17.28 [-24.74, 43.32] 0.54 0.591
Transgender 28.66 20.36 [-11.43, 68.75] 1.41 0.160 1.95 21.71 [-40.81, 44.70] 0.09 0.929
Baseline Depression -0.48 0.24 [-0.95, -0.02] -2.04 0.043* -0.32 0.23 [-0.77, 0.13] -1.40 0.164
Percentage of Moments of Insight Statements
PPN Course 11.79 3.22 [5.46, 18.13] 3.66 0.000*** 0.05 F (2,277) =6.79 9.67 3.37 [3.02, 16.31] 2.87 0.005** 0.12 0.08 F (21,252) =1.68 10.60 3.19 [4.33, 16.88] 3.33 0.001** 0.12 0.08 F (21,250) =1.66
Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course 10.28 4.96 [0.51, 20.06] 2.07 0.039* 8.59 5.11 [-1.48, 18.66] 1.68 0.094. 9.32 4.79 [-0.11, 18.75] 1.95 0.053.
Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan 5.05 17.45 [-29.31, 39.41] 0.29 0.773 7.15 16.29 [-24.94, 39.23] 0.44 0.661
Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano -1.15 23.76 [-47.94, 45.65] -0.05 0.962 -4.99 22.19 [-48.69, 38.72] -0.22 0.822
Ethnicity: multi-racial 8.33 14.16 [-19.57, 36.22] 0.59 0.557 10.10 13.22 [-15.94, 36.15] 0.76 0.446
Ethnicity: Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander 11.59 6.24 [-0.71, 23.88] 1.86 0.065. 13.92 5.86 [2.38, 25.46] 2.38 0.018*
Ethnicity: Non-hispanic Black/African-American 15.93 17.29 [-18.11, 49.98] 0.92 0.358 16.96 16.14 [-14.83, 48.74] 1.05 0.294
Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White 10.15 5.20 [-0.08, 20.38] 1.95 0.052. 9.60 4.85 [0.04, 19.15] 1.98 0.049*
Ethnicity: Other 16.35 8.88 [-1.13, 33.84] 1.84 0.067. 17.19 8.29 [0.86, 33.51] 2.07 0.039*
Age (winsorized) 14.52 23.74 [-32.24, 61.28] 0.61 0.541 13.01 22.16 [-30.64, 56.66] 0.59 0.558
Parent Ed: BA 2.47 1.29 [-0.06, 5.00] 1.92 0.056. 1.79 1.21 [-0.59, 4.17] 1.48 0.139
Parent Ed: doctoral -14.92 12.61 [-39.75, 9.91] -1.18 0.238 -8.30 11.84 [-31.62, 15.01] -0.70 0.484
Parent Ed: HS -8.11 12.15 [-32.03, 15.81] -0.67 0.505 -7.17 11.34 [-29.51, 15.17] -0.63 0.528
Parent Ed: no HS 1.15 13.94 [-26.30, 28.59] 0.08 0.935 4.42 13.02 [-21.22, 30.06] 0.34 0.735
Parent Ed: MA -9.37 12.00 [-33.00, 14.27] -0.78 0.436 -6.22 11.21 [-28.31, 15.86] -0.56 0.579
Parent Ed: JD/MD -10.91 12.09 [-34.71, 12.90] -0.90 0.368 -8.08 11.29 [-30.32, 14.16] -0.72 0.475
Parent Ed: csome college -9.49 12.77 [-34.63, 15.65] -0.74 0.458 -6.63 11.93 [-30.12, 16.85] -0.56 0.579
Female -7.60 13.68 [-34.55, 19.35] -0.56 0.579 -6.22 12.78 [-31.38, 18.94] -0.49 0.627
Male -1.18 14.05 [-28.85, 26.48] -0.08 0.933 -2.30 13.12 [-28.13, 23.54] -0.18 0.861
Transgender -17.82 18.96 [-55.17, 19.53] -0.94 0.348 -16.36 17.70 [-51.22, 18.51] -0.92 0.356
Baseline Depression -0.20 0.22 [-0.64, 0.23] -0.92 0.361 -0.16 0.21 [-0.56, 0.25] -0.75 0.451
Percentage of Moments of Closure Statements
PPN Course 2.29 1.75 [-1.15, 5.74] 1.31 0.191 0.01 F (2,277) =1.79 3.13 1.84 [-0.50, 6.76] 1.70 0.091. 0.09 0.07 F (21,252) =1.12 -1.53 1.23 [-3.96, 0.89] -1.25 0.213 0.1 0.08 F (21,220) =1.12
Mindful Self-reflection Training + PPN Course 4.91 2.7 [-0.40, 10.22] 1.82 0.070. 4.89 2.79 [-0.61, 10.39] 1.75 0.081. -0.24 1.81 [-3.81, 3.34] -0.13 0.897
Ethnicity: Indigenous/Native American or Native Alaskan -15.40 9.53 [-34.16, 3.36] -1.62 0.107 1.33 8.11 [-14.64, 17.31] 0.16 0.869
Ethnicity: Latinx/Hispanic/Chicano 9.50 12.98 [-16.06, 35.06] 0.73 0.465 3.93 8.09 [-12.01, 19.87] 0.49 0.628
Ethnicity: multi-racial 2.17 7.73 [-13.06, 17.40] 0.28 0.779 1.89 4.82 [-7.60, 11.38] 0.39 0.695
Ethnicity: Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander 0.49 3.41 [-6.22, 7.21] 0.14 0.885 -0.57 2.24 [-4.98, 3.84] -0.25 0.799
Ethnicity: Non-hispanic Black/African-American -9.08 9.44 [-27.67, 9.51] -0.96 0.337 -5.97 5.89 [-17.57, 5.63] -1.01 0.312
Ethnicity: Non-hispanic White -2.24 2.84 [-7.83, 3.35] -0.79 0.430 -1.75 1.82 [-5.34, 1.83] -0.96 0.336
Ethnicity: Other -5.08 4.85 [-14.63, 4.47] -1.05 0.296 -7.01 3.16 [-13.24, -0.79] -2.22 0.027*
Age (winsorized) 15.18 12.97 [-10.35, 40.72] 1.17 0.243 17.78 8.10 [1.81, 33.74] 2.19 0.029*
Parent Ed: BA 0.23 0.70 [-1.16, 1.61] 0.32 0.748 -0.05 0.47 [-0.98, 0.89] -0.10 0.922
Parent Ed: doctoral 0.97 6.89 [-12.59, 14.53] 0.14 0.888 2.91 4.36 [-5.68, 11.50] 0.67 0.505
Parent Ed: HS 5.73 6.63 [-7.33, 18.80] 0.86 0.388 3.96 4.17 [-4.26, 12.17] 0.95 0.344
Parent Ed: no HS 8.63 7.61 [-6.36, 23.62] 1.13 0.258 5.58 4.76 [-3.79, 14.96] 1.17 0.242
Parent Ed: MA 5.62 6.55 [-7.29, 18.53] 0.86 0.392 3.85 4.12 [-4.27, 11.97] 0.93 0.351
Parent Ed: JD/MD 7.66 6.60 [-5.34, 20.66] 1.16 0.247 5.73 4.12 [-2.39, 13.86] 1.39 0.166
Parent Ed: csome college 5.99 6.97 [-7.74, 19.72] 0.86 0.391 3.11 4.44 [-5.65, 11.86] 0.70 0.485
Female -6.50 7.47 [-21.22, 8.21] -0.87 0.385 -6.00 4.65 [-15.17, 3.17] -1.29 0.198
Male -4.85 7.67 [-19.95, 10.26] -0.63 0.528 -6.23 4.78 [-15.66, 3.20] -1.30 0.194
Transgender -1.02 10.36 [-21.42, 19.38] -0.10 0.922 -3.08 6.44 [-15.78, 9.61] -0.48 0.633
Baseline Depression 0.24 0.12 [-0.00, 0.48] 1.97 0.050. 0.01 0.08 [-0.14, 0.17] 0.15 0.878
Note:
*** p < .001, ** p < .01, * p < .05, . < .10.