graphics

GRaphics

library(ggplot2)
library(tidyverse)

## ── Attaching core tidyverse packages ──────────────────────── tidyverse 2.0.0 ──
## ✔ dplyr     1.1.4     ✔ readr     2.1.5
## ✔ forcats   1.0.0     ✔ stringr   1.5.1
## ✔ lubridate 1.9.3     ✔ tibble    3.2.1
## ✔ purrr     1.0.2     ✔ tidyr     1.3.1
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## ✖ dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## ✖ dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
## ℹ Use the conflicted package (<http://conflicted.r-lib.org/>) to force all conflicts to become errors

library(dplyr)
?mpg #access information about the mpg dataset

## starting httpd help server ... done

mpg #display dataset

## # A tibble: 234 × 11
##    manufacturer model      displ  year   cyl trans drv     cty   hwy fl    class
##    <chr>        <chr>      <dbl> <int> <int> <chr> <chr> <int> <int> <chr> <chr>
##  1 audi         a4           1.8  1999     4 auto… f        18    29 p     comp…
##  2 audi         a4           1.8  1999     4 manu… f        21    29 p     comp…
##  3 audi         a4           2    2008     4 manu… f        20    31 p     comp…
##  4 audi         a4           2    2008     4 auto… f        21    30 p     comp…
##  5 audi         a4           2.8  1999     6 auto… f        16    26 p     comp…
##  6 audi         a4           2.8  1999     6 manu… f        18    26 p     comp…
##  7 audi         a4           3.1  2008     6 auto… f        18    27 p     comp…
##  8 audi         a4 quattro   1.8  1999     4 manu… 4        18    26 p     comp…
##  9 audi         a4 quattro   1.8  1999     4 auto… 4        16    25 p     comp…
## 10 audi         a4 quattro   2    2008     4 manu… 4        20    28 p     comp…
## # ℹ 224 more rows

head(mpg)#display the first 6 rows in the dataset

## # A tibble: 6 × 11
##   manufacturer model displ  year   cyl trans      drv     cty   hwy fl    class 
##   <chr>        <chr> <dbl> <int> <int> <chr>      <chr> <int> <int> <chr> <chr> 
## 1 audi         a4      1.8  1999     4 auto(l5)   f        18    29 p     compa…
## 2 audi         a4      1.8  1999     4 manual(m5) f        21    29 p     compa…
## 3 audi         a4      2    2008     4 manual(m6) f        20    31 p     compa…
## 4 audi         a4      2    2008     4 auto(av)   f        21    30 p     compa…
## 5 audi         a4      2.8  1999     6 auto(l5)   f        16    26 p     compa…
## 6 audi         a4      2.8  1999     6 manual(m5) f        18    26 p     compa…

ggplot(data=mpg)+geom_point(mapping=aes(x=displ,y=hwy))

ggplot(data=mpg)+geom_point(mapping=aes(x=displ,y=cty))

ggplot(data=mpg)+geom_point(mapping=aes(x=displ,y=cyl))

ggplot(data=mpg)+geom_point(mapping=aes(x=displ,y=hwy, color=class))

ggplot(data=mpg)+geom_point(mapping=aes(x=displ,y=hwy, size=class)) #not advisable

## Warning: Using size for a discrete variable is not advised.

ggplot(data=mpg)+geom_point(mapping=aes(x=displ,y=hwy, shape=class)) #displays points as different shapes, stars, crosses, etc

## Warning: The shape palette can deal with a maximum of 6 discrete values because more
## than 6 becomes difficult to discriminate
## ℹ you have requested 7 values. Consider specifying shapes manually if you need
##   that many have them.

## Warning: Removed 62 rows containing missing values (`geom_point()`).

ggplot(data=mpg)+geom_point(mapping=aes(x=displ,y=hwy, alpha=class)) #displays different transparencies

## Warning: Using alpha for a discrete variable is not advised.

#set aesthetics manually, make all of the points blue
ggplot(data=mpg)+geom_point(mapping=aes(x=displ,y=hwy), color="blue")

ggplot(data=mpg)+geom_point(mapping=aes(x=displ,y=hwy, color=class)) 

ggplot(data=mpg)+geom_point(mapping=aes(x=displ,y=hwy, color="blue")) #changes the name of the class to "blue" rather than the color of the points to blue

ggplot(data=mpg)+geom_point(mapping=aes(x=displ,y=hwy)) + facet_wrap(~class, nrow=2) #creates 2 rows of plots