The Resilience of Education in Conflict Zone (Pakistan)

graph1

Despite the challenges posed by conflict in regions such as FATA and Balochistan, the education scores in these areas demonstrate a remarkable resilience, with educational achievements sometimes outpacing those in more stable regions of Pakistan. This underlines a deep-seated commitment to learning as a means of empowerment and a beacon of hope for peace and development. However, the lower infrastructure scores in these conflict zones also highlight the urgent need for infrastructural investment to support and sustain educational gains.

# gganimate
graph2 <- animated_plot +
  transition_time(Year) +
  ease_aes('linear')


print(graph2)

Through this animation, we can clearly see how the school infrastucture scores are changing over the years. Balochistan and Sindh are consistently displayed at the bottom, which indicates these provinces have a consistently low school infrastructure score. On the other hand, provinces like KP and Punjab hare consistently at the top, showcasing that these provinces had better school infrastructure from 2013-2016. This could in turn potentially lead to higher rention rates.

# Using leaflet for an interactive map
#Learned in higher-level STAT class and research
library(leaflet)

#Circle Markers with radius that correlates with the number of bomb blasts 
leaflet(complete_data) %>% 
  addTiles() %>% 
  addCircleMarkers(~Longitude, ~Latitude, radius = ~Bomb.Blasts.Occurred * 0.25, #0.25 still allows users to click and circles don't overlap to much
                   color = ~colorQuantile("YlOrRd", Bomb.Blasts.Occurred)(Bomb.Blasts.Occurred),
                   fill = TRUE, popup = ~paste(Province, "Attacks:", Bomb.Blasts.Occurred))

From this depiction, it is evident that these blasts are primarily concentrated in the northern regions of Pakistan, suggesting a higher incidence of violence or conflict in these areas. The map underscores the security challenges in these regions, affecting not only the political stability but also the daily lives of the local population and potential access to schools. Understanding the geographical spread and frequency of these incidents is crucial for understanding educational success rates.

#Side by side plots 
plot4.1 + plot4.2

The side-by-side graphs show trends for average retention scores and drone attacks from 2013-2016. The average retention scores increased sharply from 2013 to 2014. In contrast, the average number of drone attacks decreased consistently from 2013 to 2016. When drone attacks were at the highest rate, the average retention rate was also at the lowest in 2013. Then gradually the drone attacks started to decrease and the rentention scores also started to decrease once they hit a peak in 2014.

boxplot_retention_5 

The box plot illustrates the distribution of retention scores across different provinces. Provinces like Punjab and Sindh exhibit a wide range of scores. In contrast, provinces such as FATA and Balochistan show lower median scores and a narrower interquartile range, suggesting more consistent but lower retention performances. FATA and Balochistan also had some of the lowest school infrastucture scores out of all the provinces, which could also be an indicator to their consistently low retention performance.

graph6

The bar chart represents the availability of basic facilities—electricity, toilets, and water—in schools across various provinces over time. Punjab and Sindh have the highest number of schools with all three facilities, showcasing significant infrastructure investment. In contrast, regions like FATA and Balochistan have comparatively fewer schools equipped with these basic facilities, highlighting disparities in educational infrastructure across the provinces.

Visualization 7

https://latiksha.shinyapps.io/Visualization7/

The graph showcases trends in three educational metrics from 2013 to 2016. The average education score steadily increased and plateaued, reflecting consistent improvements or maintenance in education quality. However, the average learning score saw an increase in 2014 followed by a drop, while the retention score depicts a steady decline over the same period. This may suggest issues with maintaining student engagement or enrollment. Since this graphic is an average of all of Pakistan as a whole, it’s meant to see holistically what happened in Pakistan through an educational perspective.

Visualization 8

https://latiksha.shinyapps.io/new1/

The correlation matrix shows relationships between variables like bomb blasts, terrorist attack affectees, and educational metrics. There is a high positive correlation (0.74) between bomb blasts and terrorist attack affectees, suggesting that regions with more bomb blasts also have more people affected by terrorist attacks. Educational metrics like the retention score and education score show strong positive correlations (0.8 and 0.71 respectively) with the enrollment score, indicating that higher enrollment rates are associated with better retention and overall education quality.