Analysing Safely Managed Drinking Water in the Pacific

![](assets/usal_en_hor.png)

library(tidyverse)

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library(goalie)
library(knitr)
library(countrycode)
library(flextable)

## 
## Attaching package: 'flextable'
## 
## The following object is masked from 'package:purrr':
## 
##     compose

library(directlabels)

## Warning: package 'directlabels' was built under R version 4.3.3

Introduction

For this analysis, the data used will be extracted from the SDG database. More specifically, the focus of this study will be SDG 6, “Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all”. However, since this SDG covers many areas, we have decided to focus on target 6.1, whose aim is to: By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all. Within this target, this project focuses on indicator 6.1.1, which measures the Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services. Then, after having selected the area of research, the next step was to decide which area of the world to study and the Pacific came as an area of interest due to the fact that it is composed of thousands of tiny islands where access to water may be difficult to achive. On this premise, we expect to find variate results between States, basing our hypothesis on an economic basis, as these State vary a lot in their economic performance.

On top of this, and before starting our analysis, we wanted to make sure that no major problems would appear as we conducted our research. Therefore, we resorted to the Tier Classification for Global SDG Indicators of 2020. Our indicator is classified as a Tier II, which means that it is conceptually clear, has an internationally established methodology and standards are available, but data are not regularly produced by countries. This last aspect is plausible in our study indeed, as not every country in the region was available for analysis.

For a better understanding of the object stduy we used the WorldBank DataBank on the SDG and obtained every relevant aspect included in the metadata. To begin with, the indication measures people using safely managed drinking water services as a percentage of the population. This safely managed water must come from improved sources which are available when needed and free from faecal contamination. Some examples would be piped water, tubewells, protected dug wells, and packaged or delivered water. Finally, this data is measured by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene. This collection of data supposedly takes place annually and the data are obtained from administrative sources, national censuses and nationally representative household surveys.

Data manipulation and filtering

First, we must obtain our data from the SDG database, so we decide to simply name our data as water and extract it.

water=sdg_data("SH_H2O_SAFE")

After this, we decide to join our data with codelist, so that we can then easily select and filter the region that we want to study, the Pacific. As a result, we left join both databases using GeoAreaCode and iso3n.

water2 = water |> left_join(codelist |>  select(GeoAreaCode=iso3n, un.name.es, continent, region, region23, iso3c), by="GeoAreaCode")

Once we have our data joined, it is time to filter what we exactly want to analyse, which is the proportion of population using safely managed water in the Pacific, separating our data between the regions of Micronesia, Polynesia and Melanesia. The data made a distinction between rural and urban areas, but since information on this was not available, we chose the data that covered all the areas. On top of this, since we want to study the evolution of this target, we included all years available ordered from eldest to newest data.

water2 |> filter(Location=="ALLAREA",region23 %in% c("Micronesia", "Polynesia", "Melanesia")) |> select(region,iso3c,GeoAreaName,Value,region23, TimePeriod)|> slice(-TimePeriod) |> flextable()  

region	iso3c	GeoAreaName	Value	region23	TimePeriod
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	80.57519	Polynesia	2,000
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	81.61671	Polynesia	2,001
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	82.66264	Polynesia	2,002
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	83.71297	Polynesia	2,003
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	84.76770	Polynesia	2,004
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	85.82683	Polynesia	2,005
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	86.89037	Polynesia	2,006
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	87.55782	Polynesia	2,007
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	87.78750	Polynesia	2,008
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	88.01717	Polynesia	2,009
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	88.24684	Polynesia	2,010
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	88.47651	Polynesia	2,011
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	88.70618	Polynesia	2,012
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	88.93586	Polynesia	2,013
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	89.16553	Polynesia	2,014
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	89.39520	Polynesia	2,015
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	89.62487	Polynesia	2,016
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	89.85455	Polynesia	2,017
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	89.85455	Polynesia	2,018
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	89.85455	Polynesia	2,019
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	89.85455	Polynesia	2,020
East Asia & Pacific	ASM	American Samoa	89.85455	Polynesia	2,021
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	39.23305	Melanesia	2,000
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	39.33195	Melanesia	2,001
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	39.43084	Melanesia	2,002
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	39.53002	Melanesia	2,003
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	39.62956	Melanesia	2,004
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	39.72872	Melanesia	2,005
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	39.82823	Melanesia	2,006
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	39.92786	Melanesia	2,007
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	40.05190	Melanesia	2,008
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	40.18191	Melanesia	2,009
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	40.31231	Melanesia	2,010
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	40.44261	Melanesia	2,011
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	40.57331	Melanesia	2,012
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	40.70339	Melanesia	2,013
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	40.83362	Melanesia	2,014
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	40.96399	Melanesia	2,015
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	41.09426	Melanesia	2,016
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	41.22416	Melanesia	2,017
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	41.35395	Melanesia	2,018
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	41.48286	Melanesia	2,019
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	41.61065	Melanesia	2,020
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	41.73755	Melanesia	2,021
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	41.86358	Melanesia	2,022
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	92.02881	Polynesia	2,000
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	92.02885	Polynesia	2,001
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	92.02889	Polynesia	2,002
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	92.02892	Polynesia	2,003
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	92.02896	Polynesia	2,004
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	92.02896	Polynesia	2,005
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	92.02896	Polynesia	2,006
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	92.02896	Polynesia	2,007
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	92.02896	Polynesia	2,008
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	92.02896	Polynesia	2,009
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	92.02896	Polynesia	2,010
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	91.17765	Polynesia	2,011
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	90.32634	Polynesia	2,012
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	89.47503	Polynesia	2,013
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	88.62372	Polynesia	2,014
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	87.77242	Polynesia	2,015
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	86.92111	Polynesia	2,016
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	86.06980	Polynesia	2,017
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	85.21849	Polynesia	2,018
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	84.36718	Polynesia	2,019
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	83.51588	Polynesia	2,020
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	82.66457	Polynesia	2,021
East Asia & Pacific	PYF	French Polynesia	81.81326	Polynesia	2,022
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	10.16914	Micronesia	2,000
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	10.33284	Micronesia	2,001
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	10.43968	Micronesia	2,002
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	10.54669	Micronesia	2,003
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	10.65373	Micronesia	2,004
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	10.76070	Micronesia	2,005
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	10.92349	Micronesia	2,006
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	11.13099	Micronesia	2,007
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	11.34081	Micronesia	2,008
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	11.55259	Micronesia	2,009
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	11.76645	Micronesia	2,010
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	11.98241	Micronesia	2,011
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	12.20046	Micronesia	2,012
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	12.42010	Micronesia	2,013
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	12.64172	Micronesia	2,014
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	12.86518	Micronesia	2,015
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	13.08850	Micronesia	2,016
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	13.31111	Micronesia	2,017
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	13.53320	Micronesia	2,018
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	13.75472	Micronesia	2,019
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	13.97535	Micronesia	2,020
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	14.19515	Micronesia	2,021
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	14.41407	Micronesia	2,022
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	98.76647	Micronesia	2,000
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	98.79092	Micronesia	2,001
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	98.81536	Micronesia	2,002
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	98.83980	Micronesia	2,003
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	98.86425	Micronesia	2,004
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	98.88869	Micronesia	2,005
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	98.91313	Micronesia	2,006
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	98.93758	Micronesia	2,007
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	98.96202	Micronesia	2,008
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	98.98646	Micronesia	2,009
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	99.01091	Micronesia	2,010
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	99.03535	Micronesia	2,011
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	99.05979	Micronesia	2,012
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	99.05979	Micronesia	2,013
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	99.05979	Micronesia	2,014
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	99.05979	Micronesia	2,015
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	99.05979	Micronesia	2,016
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	99.05979	Micronesia	2,017
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	99.05979	Micronesia	2,018
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	99.05979	Micronesia	2,019
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	99.05979	Micronesia	2,020
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	99.05979	Micronesia	2,021
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	99.05979	Micronesia	2,022
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	87.04396	Melanesia	2,000
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	87.04396	Melanesia	2,001
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	87.04396	Melanesia	2,002
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	87.70611	Melanesia	2,003
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	88.37046	Melanesia	2,004
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	89.03700	Melanesia	2,005
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	89.70573	Melanesia	2,006
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	90.37666	Melanesia	2,007
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	91.04979	Melanesia	2,008
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	91.72511	Melanesia	2,009
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	92.40263	Melanesia	2,010
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	93.08235	Melanesia	2,011
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	93.76426	Melanesia	2,012
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	94.44837	Melanesia	2,013
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	95.13467	Melanesia	2,014
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	95.50277	Melanesia	2,015
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	95.72986	Melanesia	2,016
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	95.95695	Melanesia	2,017
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	96.18403	Melanesia	2,018
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	96.41112	Melanesia	2,019
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	96.63820	Melanesia	2,020
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	96.86529	Melanesia	2,021
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	96.86529	Melanesia	2,022
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	98.25068	Polynesia	2,000
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	98.25068	Polynesia	2,001
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	98.25068	Polynesia	2,002
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	98.25068	Polynesia	2,003
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	98.25068	Polynesia	2,004
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	98.10335	Polynesia	2,005
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	97.95603	Polynesia	2,006
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	97.80870	Polynesia	2,007
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	97.66137	Polynesia	2,008
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	97.51404	Polynesia	2,009
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	97.36672	Polynesia	2,010
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	97.11403	Polynesia	2,011
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	96.66425	Polynesia	2,012
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	96.21539	Polynesia	2,013
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	95.76744	Polynesia	2,014
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	95.32042	Polynesia	2,015
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	94.87431	Polynesia	2,016
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	94.42912	Polynesia	2,017
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	93.98485	Polynesia	2,018
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	93.54150	Polynesia	2,019
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	93.54150	Polynesia	2,020
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	93.54150	Polynesia	2,021
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	93.54150	Polynesia	2,022
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	82.02755	Micronesia	2,000
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	82.20466	Micronesia	2,001
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	82.38177	Micronesia	2,002
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	82.55889	Micronesia	2,003
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	83.12269	Micronesia	2,004
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	83.68815	Micronesia	2,005
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	84.25527	Micronesia	2,006
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	84.82404	Micronesia	2,007
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	85.39447	Micronesia	2,008
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	85.96655	Micronesia	2,009
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	86.54029	Micronesia	2,010
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	87.11569	Micronesia	2,011
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	87.69274	Micronesia	2,012
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	88.27144	Micronesia	2,013
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	88.85180	Micronesia	2,014
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	89.43382	Micronesia	2,015
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	89.84742	Micronesia	2,016
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	90.24330	Micronesia	2,017
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	90.63918	Micronesia	2,018
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	90.63918	Micronesia	2,019
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	90.63918	Micronesia	2,020
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	90.63918	Micronesia	2,021
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	90.63918	Micronesia	2,022
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	65.43092	Micronesia	2,000
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	66.31456	Micronesia	2,001
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	67.19252	Micronesia	2,002
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	68.06477	Micronesia	2,003
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	69.13790	Micronesia	2,004
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	70.22563	Micronesia	2,005
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	71.32815	Micronesia	2,006
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	72.44462	Micronesia	2,007
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	73.57509	Micronesia	2,008
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	74.71843	Micronesia	2,009
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	75.87468	Micronesia	2,010
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	77.04290	Micronesia	2,011
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	78.22348	Micronesia	2,012
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	79.41483	Micronesia	2,013
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	80.61709	Micronesia	2,014
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	81.82979	Micronesia	2,015
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	83.04818	Micronesia	2,016
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	84.27134	Micronesia	2,017
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	85.49878	Micronesia	2,018
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	86.72965	Micronesia	2,019
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	87.96424	Micronesia	2,020
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	89.20143	Micronesia	2,021
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	90.44085	Micronesia	2,022
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.24115	Polynesia	2,000
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.24896	Polynesia	2,001
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.25650	Polynesia	2,002
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.26432	Polynesia	2,003
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.27213	Polynesia	2,004
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.29397	Polynesia	2,005
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.31610	Polynesia	2,006
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.34204	Polynesia	2,007
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.37100	Polynesia	2,008
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.39999	Polynesia	2,009
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.42903	Polynesia	2,010
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.45812	Polynesia	2,011
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.47035	Polynesia	2,012
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.47029	Polynesia	2,013
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.46991	Polynesia	2,014
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.46977	Polynesia	2,015
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.46959	Polynesia	2,016
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.46936	Polynesia	2,017
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.47321	Polynesia	2,018
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.48089	Polynesia	2,019
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.49296	Polynesia	2,020
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.50862	Polynesia	2,021
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.52870	Polynesia	2,022
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	7.66980	Polynesia	2,000
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	7.69266	Polynesia	2,001
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	7.71557	Polynesia	2,002
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	7.75901	Polynesia	2,003
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	7.81301	Polynesia	2,004
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	7.86696	Polynesia	2,005
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	7.92096	Polynesia	2,006
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	7.97498	Polynesia	2,007
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	8.02900	Polynesia	2,008
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	8.08277	Polynesia	2,009
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	8.13640	Polynesia	2,010
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	8.18987	Polynesia	2,011
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	8.24321	Polynesia	2,012
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	8.29609	Polynesia	2,013
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	8.34760	Polynesia	2,014
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	8.39768	Polynesia	2,015
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	8.44630	Polynesia	2,016
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	8.49339	Polynesia	2,017
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	8.53906	Polynesia	2,018
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	8.58326	Polynesia	2,019
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	8.62598	Polynesia	2,020
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	8.66728	Polynesia	2,021
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	8.70710	Polynesia	2,022
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	69.14630	Polynesia	2,000
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	69.14630	Polynesia	2,001
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	69.13302	Polynesia	2,002
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	69.11973	Polynesia	2,003
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	69.10644	Polynesia	2,004
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	69.09316	Polynesia	2,005
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	69.07987	Polynesia	2,006
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	69.06659	Polynesia	2,007
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	69.05330	Polynesia	2,008
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	69.04001	Polynesia	2,009
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	69.02673	Polynesia	2,010
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	69.01344	Polynesia	2,011
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	69.00015	Polynesia	2,012
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	68.98687	Polynesia	2,013
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	68.97358	Polynesia	2,014
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	68.96029	Polynesia	2,015
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	68.94701	Polynesia	2,016
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	68.93372	Polynesia	2,017
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	68.92044	Polynesia	2,018
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	68.90715	Polynesia	2,019
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	68.89386	Polynesia	2,020
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	68.88058	Polynesia	2,021
	WLF	Wallis and Futuna Islands	68.88058	Polynesia	2,022
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	60.50486	Polynesia	2,000
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	60.53072	Polynesia	2,001
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	60.49463	Polynesia	2,002
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	60.42558	Polynesia	2,003
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	60.35709	Polynesia	2,004
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	60.47356	Polynesia	2,005
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	60.58889	Polynesia	2,006
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	60.70428	Polynesia	2,007
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	60.81951	Polynesia	2,008
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	60.93371	Polynesia	2,009
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	61.04691	Polynesia	2,010
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	61.15883	Polynesia	2,011
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	61.26540	Polynesia	2,012
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	61.51384	Polynesia	2,013
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	61.61508	Polynesia	2,014
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	61.71493	Polynesia	2,015
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	61.81374	Polynesia	2,016
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	61.91221	Polynesia	2,017
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	62.01586	Polynesia	2,018
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	62.07564	Polynesia	2,019
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	62.10706	Polynesia	2,020
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	62.14566	Polynesia	2,021
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	62.19171	Polynesia	2,022

After having filtered our data, we decided to get a bigger picture of the situation, so we decided to see which were the countries with the highest and lowest levels in 2022, the most recent data available.

water2 |> filter(Location=="ALLAREA", TimePeriod==2022, region23 %in% c("Micronesia", "Polynesia", "Melanesia")) |> select(region,iso3c,GeoAreaName,Value,region23, TimePeriod)|> arrange(-Value) |> slice_head(n=5) |> flextable()

region	iso3c	GeoAreaName	Value	region23	TimePeriod
East Asia & Pacific	GUM	Guam	99.05979	Micronesia	2,022
East Asia & Pacific	NCL	New Caledonia	96.86529	Melanesia	2,022
East Asia & Pacific	NIU	Niue	93.54150	Polynesia	2,022
East Asia & Pacific	MNP	Northern Mariana Islands	90.63918	Micronesia	2,022
East Asia & Pacific	PLW	Palau	90.44085	Micronesia	2,022

water2 |> filter(Location=="ALLAREA", TimePeriod==2022, region23 %in% c("Micronesia", "Polynesia", "Melanesia")) |> select(region,iso3c,GeoAreaName,Value,region23, TimePeriod)|> arrange(-Value) |> slice_tail(n=5) |> flextable()

region	iso3c	GeoAreaName	Value	region23	TimePeriod
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	62.19171	Polynesia	2,022
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	41.86358	Melanesia	2,022
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	29.52870	Polynesia	2,022
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	14.41407	Micronesia	2,022
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	8.70710	Polynesia	2,022

Analysis

To be able to see our data easily, we have decided to create a scatter plot in which we separate each region and show the evolution of the variable that we are analysing. In this way, we can compare each country while at the same time see their evolution, without forgetting about the mean for each of the regions.

p= water2 |> filter(Location=="ALLAREA", region23 %in% c("Micronesia", "Polynesia", "Melanesia")) |> 
  ggplot(aes(
    x = TimePeriod, 
    y = Value
  )) +
  geom_point(aes(color=GeoAreaName)) +  geom_smooth(se = FALSE) +
  geom_line(aes(color=GeoAreaName)) +
  facet_wrap(~region23) + 
  labs(
    title = "Evolution of access to safely managed drinking water in the Pacific by country",
    x = "Year",
    y = "Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water",
    color = NULL,
    caption = "Source: World Bank, through `wbstats`"
  ) 

direct.label(p)

## `geom_smooth()` using method = 'loess' and formula = 'y ~ x'
## `geom_smooth()` using method = 'loess' and formula = 'y ~ x'

To begging with, we observe that on a regional basis, Micronesia has improved the most, with an increase of almost 15 percetage points. Melanesia shows similar results, which are still positive. However, when it comes to Polynesia, something must have gone wrong, since they are doing worse than 20 years ago. One explanation that might have biased the average is the fact that both French Polynesia and Niue have suffered a decrease in the percentage of the population who have access to drinking water.

Irrespective of regional disparities, what interests us the most is the huge differences that we can find between countries, both within and between regions. Tuvalu, Kiribati, Tonga and Fiji are showing awful results in comparison to others such as New Caledonia or Guam. Therefore, we conclude that there must be some explanation behind it.

Our first hypothesis was that maybe those countries with the largest number of islands were doing worse due to logistics, as it may be very difficult to prived water supply for a hundred different islands. However, this theory was revoked soon. It is true that Fiji has over 300 hundred islands and Tonga around 170. Yet, Tuvalu is only composed of 9 islands and Kiribati has 32 atolls. Therefore, if those with less islands are doing worse than Fiji and Tuvalu, our hypothesis on the number of islands becomes obsolete.

Following with another plausible explanation, we thought that the poverty levels of these countries might have some influence, since providing safely managed water can become quite expensive. As a reuslt, we decided to anlayse the poverty levels in this region, using the same method that we used with water, using left join and filtering our results.

pov=sdg_data("SI_POV_DAY1")
pov2 = pov |> left_join(codelist |> select(GeoAreaCode=iso3n, un.name.es, continent, region, region23, iso3c), by="GeoAreaCode")

pov2 |> filter(Location=="ALLAREA", Sex=="BOTHSEX", Age=="ALLAGE", region23 %in% c("Micronesia", "Polynesia", "Melanesia")) |> select(region,iso3c,GeoAreaName,Value,region23, TimePeriod)|> slice(-TimePeriod) |> flextable()

region	iso3c	GeoAreaName	Value	region23	TimePeriod
East Asia & Pacific	SLB	Solomon Islands	50.6	Melanesia	2,005
East Asia & Pacific	SLB	Solomon Islands	26.6	Melanesia	2,012
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	1.7	Melanesia	2,002
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	1.0	Melanesia	2,008
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	0.4	Melanesia	2,013
East Asia & Pacific	FJI	Fiji	1.3	Melanesia	2,019
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	14.0	Micronesia	2,006
East Asia & Pacific	KIR	Kiribati	1.7	Micronesia	2,019
East Asia & Pacific	NRU	Nauru	1.7	Micronesia	2,012
East Asia & Pacific	VUT	Vanuatu	14.7	Melanesia	2,010
East Asia & Pacific	VUT	Vanuatu	10.0	Melanesia	2,019
East Asia & Pacific	FSM	Micronesia (Federated States of)	8.6	Micronesia	2,005
East Asia & Pacific	FSM	Micronesia (Federated States of)	16.0	Micronesia	2,013
East Asia & Pacific	MHL	Marshall Islands	0.9	Micronesia	2,019
East Asia & Pacific	PNG	Papua New Guinea	52.6	Melanesia	1,996
East Asia & Pacific	PNG	Papua New Guinea	39.7	Melanesia	2,009
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	3.1	Polynesia	2,000
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	1.3	Polynesia	2,009
East Asia & Pacific	TON	Tonga	1.8	Polynesia	2,015
East Asia & Pacific	TUV	Tuvalu	3.6	Polynesia	2,010
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	2.2	Polynesia	2,002
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	1.1	Polynesia	2,008
East Asia & Pacific	WSM	Samoa	1.2	Polynesia	2,013

Once again, our theory was wrong. First, available data for the Pacific was rather limited, but it provided date on three out of the four countries which show the worst results. To our surprise, in Fiji, Tuvalu and Kiribati (for which data was available only until 2019), the percentage of the population living in poverty did not even reach 2% of the population. Therefore, the economic situation of these countries does not allow us to extrapolate conclusions on why their levels are lower than the rest.