MEASLES CASES (VISUAL DATA)

Davina Rodriguez

May 6, 2024

1. Annual Measle Cases Between 1980-2017

Measles is a highly infectious disease caused by an airborne virus that affects millions of people each year. According to the Center of Disease Control, humans remain the only host for the virus.The symptoms of measles include fever, dry cough, and a rash(among other symptoms), and typically affect, but not limited to, children and immunocompromised adults. Globally, measles is still considered to be a highly contagious disease, and a leading cause of death among children today.

dat <- read.csv("~/Desktop/MEASLES/measles.csv", stringsAsFactors=TRUE)
barplot(dat$measles.cases/1000000,  bty="l", xlab="YEAR", ylab="MEASLE CASES (MILLIONS OF CASES)", horiz=FALSE, names.arg= dat$year, col="#8B1A1A", main = "Number of Measle Cases Reported Per Year From 1980-2017")

The graph illustrates confirmed measles cases from the year 1980-2017. The amount of confirmed measles cases hit a peak in 1980. Since then, measles cases have been on a downward trend, exhibiting slight fluctuating patterns. The graph displays a positive trajectory with the number of measles cases being reduced over a period of time

Q2. Vaccination Coverage and Number of Measles Cases

In 1960, the first measles vaccine was introduced and licensed in 1963 in the United States. Since the first introduction of the measles vaccine, improvments to the vaccine have been made to protect the general public from a multitude of diseases, such as mumps, rubella, and varicella, known as MMRV. Just one dose of an MMRV vaccine has proven to have a 93% effective rate against contracting measles. Without the vaccine, the rate of possible infection increases one’s chance of contracting the disease by 90%.

code was modified using coding done in lab 7

This graph is a representation of the amount of confirmed measles cases since the introduction of the MMR vaccine. With the increase in vaccination percentage, shows a downward trend in the amount of measles cases. A substantial drop in confirmed measles cases is shown when nearly 40-50% of population are vaccinated. This graph demonstrates the efficacy of the MMRV vaccine, while emphasizing the importance of vaccines as a preventative for disease outbreaks.

Q3. Annual Measle Cases and Vaccination Coverage

y1 <- dat$measles.cases/100000
y2 <- dat$vaccination.coverage
x <- dat$year
par(mar= c(5, 4, 4, 4) +0.3)
mybar <- barplot(y1,x,col="#BC8F8F", xlab="Year", names.arg= x, ylab= "Measle Cases (Per One Hundred Thousand)", main= "Measle Outbreak and Vaccination Rates Over Time (1980-2017)", horiz=F, las=1)
mybar
##          [,1]
##  [1,]  1389.7
##  [2,]  3769.9
##  [3,]  6151.1
##  [4,]  8533.3
##  [5,] 10916.5
##  [6,] 13300.7
##  [7,] 15685.9
##  [8,] 18072.1
##  [9,] 20459.3
## [10,] 22847.5
## [11,] 25236.7
## [12,] 27626.9
## [13,] 30018.1
## [14,] 32410.3
## [15,] 34803.5
## [16,] 37197.7
## [17,] 39592.9
## [18,] 41989.1
## [19,] 44386.3
## [20,] 46784.5
## [21,] 49183.7
## [22,] 51583.9
## [23,] 53985.1
## [24,] 56387.3
## [25,] 58790.5
## [26,] 61194.7
## [27,] 63599.9
## [28,] 66006.1
## [29,] 68413.3
## [30,] 70821.5
## [31,] 73230.7
## [32,] 75640.9
## [33,] 78052.1
## [34,] 80464.3
## [35,] 82877.5
## [36,] 85291.7
## [37,] 87706.9
## [38,] 90123.1
points(mybar[,1], y2/2.5, type="l", col="#8B1C62", lwd=2)
axis(side=4, at = seq(0,40,5), labels = seq (0,40,5)*2.5,las=1)
mtext("Vaccination Coverage", side=4, line=3)