Question 1

Measles are a virus that appears to only affect humans. It is caused by a “single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus with 1 serotype”(CDC). Measles most commonly affects children less the fiver years old, adults greater than 20 years old, and pregnant women. Measles is prevented through the use of a vaccine. This graph shows the number of measles cases throughout the years.

Focusing from the 1980s to the 2017, the cases seem to have been dwindling. The introduction to the vaccine. In the 2000s, measles were declared as eliminated with the cases being less common(CDC). The vaccine has helped keep the numbers low. This graph has tracked the amount of measles cases decreasing across time. It also possibly informs us of the vaccine’s effectiveness.

Question 2

This graph demonstrates the measles cases in relation to vaccine coverage. In 1963 the first measles vaccine was licensed(CDC). The vaccine is usually given twice to ensure strong immunity of the virus. This graph, unlike the previous, includes data on vaccination coverage throughout the years. It shows its effectiveness and the amount of people who received the vaccine.

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This graph focuses on data from 1985 to 2005. Measles cases as seen in the graph go down based on the amount of vaccination coverage. In 1994 the measles cases went bellow one million from 2.8 million in 1985. This graph shows us that the measles virus cases went down when more people received the vaccine. Throughout the years the percentage of vaccination coverage among the population increased.

Question 3

barplot((measles$measles.cases)/1000000, xlab="Year", ylab="Measles Cases", main="Annual Measles Cases", names.arg = measles$year, col=c(15), las=1)
par(new=TRUE)
plot(measles$vaccination.coverage, las=1, type="l", xlab="", ylab="", axes=FALSE, col=c(124), lwd=4, )
axis(side=4, at=seq(20, 85), labels=seq(20, 85), las=1)
mtext("Vaccination Coverage", side=4, line = 2)
legend(x="right", legend=names(measles)[2:3], fill = colors()[c(143, 124)], bty="o", cex=0.5)