1 Respondents

1.1 Totals

Desired total sample: N=1500

Actual look at total. First we exclude those were not verified, then those who were were not eligible, then those who did not finish, then those who were flagged as overquota:
Term n percent
Verification
failure 2 0.1%
success 2397 99.9%
Experimental stream
None assigned 349 14.6%
2 743 31.0%
1 1305 54.4%
Eligibility Flag
Speeder 15 0.7%
Underage 1 0.0%
NA 2032 99.2%
Progress
94% or less 165 8.1%
95% or more 1867 91.9%
Quota
QuotaMet 322 17.2%
NA 1545 82.8%
Answer Quality
Low answer quality 69 4.5%
No issues found 1476 95.5%
Note. Respondents flagged as ‘likely bot’ reviewed and replaced as necessary by authors.
Speeder: 1 Completed survey in ≤5 minutes
Underage: a Reported age as ≤17 years (did not complete survey)

Eligibility Criteria:

  • Speeder=Completed survey in ≤ 5 minutes

  • Underage=Reported age as ≤17 years old (did not complete survey)

1.2 Survey length

1.2.1

Check how long it took to complete the survey:

Variable Mean SD Median Min Max Range
Overall Duration 22M 1 59M 3 16M 3 5M 1S 1d 12 1d 12
Stream 1 Duration 21M 2 17M 4 16M 5 5M 12 3H 27 3H 22
Stream 2 Duration 23M 3 1H 39 15M 7 5M 1S 1d 12 1d 12

1.2.2 Grouped timings

df$Duration_Mins n percent
Less than 5 minutes 0 0.0%
5 to 9 minutes 238 16.1%
10 to 14 minutes 410 27.8%
15 to 19 minutes 322 21.8%
20 to 24 minutes 192 13.0%
25 to 29 minutes 107 7.2%
30 to 34 minutes 69 4.7%
35 to 39 minutes 30 2.0%
More than 40 minutes 108 7.3%
Total 1476

1.2.3 Individual timings

Duration (Minutes and Seconds) Duration (Seconds) n percent
5M 1S 301 1 0.1%
5M 12S 312 1 0.1%
5M 14S 314 1 0.1%
5M 16S 316 1 0.1%
5M 19S 319 1 0.1%
5M 22S 322 3 0.2%
5M 24S 324 1 0.1%
5M 26S 326 1 0.1%
5M 27S 327 2 0.1%
5M 29S 329 1 0.1%
5M 30S 330 2 0.1%
5M 31S 331 1 0.1%
5M 33S 333 1 0.1%
5M 35S 335 1 0.1%
5M 38S 338 1 0.1%
5M 39S 339 2 0.1%
5M 45S 345 1 0.1%
5M 50S 350 1 0.1%
5M 52S 352 1 0.1%
5M 56S 356 1 0.1%
6M 0S 360 2 0.1%
6M 3S 363 1 0.1%
6M 4S 364 1 0.1%
6M 17S 377 1 0.1%
6M 19S 379 1 0.1%
6M 20S 380 1 0.1%
6M 21S 381 1 0.1%
6M 22S 382 1 0.1%
6M 25S 385 1 0.1%
6M 27S 387 5 0.3%
6M 29S 389 1 0.1%
6M 32S 392 1 0.1%
6M 41S 401 1 0.1%
6M 43S 403 2 0.1%
6M 44S 404 1 0.1%
6M 45S 405 1 0.1%
6M 47S 407 1 0.1%
6M 48S 408 2 0.1%
6M 51S 411 2 0.1%
6M 54S 414 1 0.1%
6M 55S 415 1 0.1%
7M 0S 420 2 0.1%
7M 2S 422 3 0.2%
7M 3S 423 1 0.1%
7M 5S 425 1 0.1%
7M 7S 427 1 0.1%
7M 11S 431 3 0.2%
7M 13S 433 1 0.1%
7M 14S 434 2 0.1%
7M 16S 436 2 0.1%
7M 20S 440 1 0.1%
7M 22S 442 2 0.1%
7M 23S 443 2 0.1%
7M 24S 444 1 0.1%
7M 26S 446 1 0.1%
7M 27S 447 1 0.1%
7M 30S 450 1 0.1%
7M 31S 451 3 0.2%
7M 32S 452 1 0.1%
7M 33S 453 1 0.1%
7M 34S 454 2 0.1%
7M 35S 455 1 0.1%
7M 38S 458 1 0.1%
7M 39S 459 2 0.1%
7M 42S 462 1 0.1%
7M 46S 466 1 0.1%
7M 50S 470 2 0.1%
7M 51S 471 1 0.1%
7M 52S 472 2 0.1%
7M 55S 475 1 0.1%
7M 56S 476 1 0.1%
7M 58S 478 2 0.1%
7M 59S 479 2 0.1%
8M 0S 480 3 0.2%
8M 1S 481 1 0.1%
8M 2S 482 2 0.1%
8M 3S 483 3 0.2%
8M 4S 484 1 0.1%
8M 5S 485 1 0.1%
8M 8S 488 2 0.1%
8M 10S 490 1 0.1%
8M 11S 491 1 0.1%
8M 12S 492 1 0.1%
8M 13S 493 1 0.1%
8M 15S 495 1 0.1%
8M 19S 499 1 0.1%
8M 21S 501 1 0.1%
8M 22S 502 1 0.1%
8M 25S 505 2 0.1%
8M 26S 506 2 0.1%
8M 27S 507 1 0.1%
8M 29S 509 1 0.1%
8M 30S 510 4 0.3%
8M 31S 511 2 0.1%
8M 32S 512 1 0.1%
8M 37S 517 1 0.1%
8M 39S 519 3 0.2%
8M 40S 520 2 0.1%
8M 41S 521 2 0.1%
8M 42S 522 2 0.1%
8M 43S 523 2 0.1%
8M 46S 526 1 0.1%
8M 47S 527 2 0.1%
8M 48S 528 2 0.1%
8M 49S 529 3 0.2%
8M 50S 530 1 0.1%
8M 51S 531 1 0.1%
8M 52S 532 1 0.1%
8M 53S 533 3 0.2%
8M 54S 534 3 0.2%
8M 56S 536 1 0.1%
9M 0S 540 1 0.1%
9M 1S 541 1 0.1%
9M 3S 543 1 0.1%
9M 4S 544 3 0.2%
9M 6S 546 1 0.1%
9M 7S 547 2 0.1%
9M 9S 549 2 0.1%
9M 10S 550 1 0.1%
9M 11S 551 1 0.1%
9M 13S 553 2 0.1%
9M 14S 554 2 0.1%
9M 16S 556 2 0.1%
9M 17S 557 2 0.1%
9M 18S 558 1 0.1%
9M 19S 559 1 0.1%
9M 20S 560 1 0.1%
9M 21S 561 3 0.2%
9M 22S 562 1 0.1%
9M 23S 563 1 0.1%
9M 27S 567 1 0.1%
9M 29S 569 2 0.1%
9M 30S 570 1 0.1%
9M 32S 572 1 0.1%
9M 33S 573 1 0.1%
9M 35S 575 1 0.1%
9M 38S 578 2 0.1%
9M 39S 579 3 0.2%
9M 40S 580 1 0.1%
9M 41S 581 1 0.1%
9M 42S 582 1 0.1%
9M 44S 584 4 0.3%
9M 45S 585 1 0.1%
9M 46S 586 5 0.3%
9M 47S 587 2 0.1%
9M 48S 588 1 0.1%
9M 49S 589 5 0.3%
9M 50S 590 1 0.1%
9M 51S 591 1 0.1%
9M 53S 593 3 0.2%
9M 54S 594 1 0.1%
9M 55S 595 2 0.1%
9M 57S 597 1 0.1%
10M 2S 602 1 0.1%
10M 3S 603 1 0.1%
10M 4S 604 3 0.2%
10M 5S 605 1 0.1%
10M 6S 606 3 0.2%
10M 7S 607 1 0.1%
10M 11S 611 1 0.1%
10M 12S 612 2 0.1%
10M 13S 613 1 0.1%
10M 14S 614 1 0.1%
10M 15S 615 2 0.1%
10M 16S 616 1 0.1%
10M 17S 617 1 0.1%
10M 18S 618 2 0.1%
10M 19S 619 2 0.1%
10M 20S 620 1 0.1%
10M 23S 623 1 0.1%
10M 24S 624 1 0.1%
10M 25S 625 2 0.1%
10M 26S 626 5 0.3%
10M 27S 627 1 0.1%
10M 28S 628 3 0.2%
10M 29S 629 5 0.3%
10M 30S 630 2 0.1%
10M 31S 631 1 0.1%
10M 32S 632 4 0.3%
10M 33S 633 1 0.1%
10M 34S 634 1 0.1%
10M 35S 635 1 0.1%
10M 36S 636 2 0.1%
10M 37S 637 1 0.1%
10M 39S 639 1 0.1%
10M 40S 640 1 0.1%
10M 41S 641 1 0.1%
10M 42S 642 2 0.1%
10M 43S 643 3 0.2%
10M 45S 645 2 0.1%
10M 47S 647 3 0.2%
10M 48S 648 2 0.1%
10M 50S 650 2 0.1%
10M 51S 651 1 0.1%
10M 52S 652 4 0.3%
10M 53S 653 2 0.1%
10M 57S 657 2 0.1%
10M 58S 658 2 0.1%
10M 59S 659 1 0.1%
11M 0S 660 3 0.2%
11M 1S 661 1 0.1%
11M 2S 662 1 0.1%
11M 4S 664 2 0.1%
11M 6S 666 1 0.1%
11M 7S 667 1 0.1%
11M 9S 669 3 0.2%
11M 10S 670 3 0.2%
11M 11S 671 2 0.1%
11M 13S 673 4 0.3%
11M 15S 675 2 0.1%
11M 18S 678 1 0.1%
11M 19S 679 1 0.1%
11M 21S 681 4 0.3%
11M 22S 682 1 0.1%
11M 23S 683 2 0.1%
11M 24S 684 1 0.1%
11M 28S 688 1 0.1%
11M 29S 689 1 0.1%
11M 30S 690 2 0.1%
11M 31S 691 2 0.1%
11M 32S 692 1 0.1%
11M 33S 693 3 0.2%
11M 34S 694 1 0.1%
11M 35S 695 5 0.3%
11M 37S 697 2 0.1%
11M 38S 698 1 0.1%
11M 39S 699 1 0.1%
11M 41S 701 2 0.1%
11M 42S 702 1 0.1%
11M 43S 703 1 0.1%
11M 44S 704 1 0.1%
11M 45S 705 2 0.1%
11M 47S 707 1 0.1%
11M 48S 708 1 0.1%
11M 49S 709 3 0.2%
11M 50S 710 1 0.1%
11M 51S 711 2 0.1%
11M 52S 712 1 0.1%
11M 54S 714 2 0.1%
11M 56S 716 2 0.1%
11M 57S 717 1 0.1%
11M 58S 718 2 0.1%
11M 59S 719 2 0.1%
12M 0S 720 4 0.3%
12M 1S 721 2 0.1%
12M 2S 722 2 0.1%
12M 3S 723 1 0.1%
12M 4S 724 1 0.1%
12M 5S 725 2 0.1%
12M 6S 726 3 0.2%
12M 7S 727 1 0.1%
12M 8S 728 3 0.2%
12M 10S 730 3 0.2%
12M 11S 731 1 0.1%
12M 12S 732 3 0.2%
12M 13S 733 1 0.1%
12M 14S 734 2 0.1%
12M 15S 735 1 0.1%
12M 16S 736 1 0.1%
12M 17S 737 1 0.1%
12M 18S 738 2 0.1%
12M 20S 740 1 0.1%
12M 23S 743 2 0.1%
12M 24S 744 2 0.1%
12M 25S 745 2 0.1%
12M 26S 746 1 0.1%
12M 29S 749 2 0.1%
12M 30S 750 1 0.1%
12M 31S 751 1 0.1%
12M 32S 752 1 0.1%
12M 33S 753 1 0.1%
12M 35S 755 2 0.1%
12M 36S 756 2 0.1%
12M 37S 757 2 0.1%
12M 38S 758 1 0.1%
12M 39S 759 1 0.1%
12M 40S 760 1 0.1%
12M 43S 763 1 0.1%
12M 44S 764 3 0.2%
12M 45S 765 2 0.1%
12M 46S 766 5 0.3%
12M 47S 767 1 0.1%
12M 48S 768 2 0.1%
12M 49S 769 1 0.1%
12M 50S 770 1 0.1%
12M 51S 771 2 0.1%
12M 52S 772 1 0.1%
12M 53S 773 1 0.1%
12M 55S 775 2 0.1%
12M 57S 777 1 0.1%
12M 58S 778 4 0.3%
12M 59S 779 1 0.1%
13M 3S 783 1 0.1%
13M 5S 785 1 0.1%
13M 6S 786 2 0.1%
13M 7S 787 1 0.1%
13M 8S 788 1 0.1%
13M 9S 789 2 0.1%
13M 11S 791 2 0.1%
13M 12S 792 3 0.2%
13M 13S 793 1 0.1%
13M 14S 794 1 0.1%
13M 15S 795 1 0.1%
13M 16S 796 2 0.1%
13M 19S 799 1 0.1%
13M 20S 800 2 0.1%
13M 21S 801 2 0.1%
13M 23S 803 1 0.1%
13M 25S 805 4 0.3%
13M 26S 806 1 0.1%
13M 27S 807 2 0.1%
13M 28S 808 2 0.1%
13M 30S 810 1 0.1%
13M 31S 811 1 0.1%
13M 32S 812 1 0.1%
13M 33S 813 1 0.1%
13M 34S 814 3 0.2%
13M 35S 815 1 0.1%
13M 36S 816 1 0.1%
13M 38S 818 3 0.2%
13M 39S 819 2 0.1%
13M 40S 820 1 0.1%
13M 41S 821 1 0.1%
13M 45S 825 2 0.1%
13M 46S 826 2 0.1%
13M 48S 828 3 0.2%
13M 49S 829 1 0.1%
13M 50S 830 4 0.3%
13M 51S 831 1 0.1%
13M 52S 832 2 0.1%
13M 53S 833 2 0.1%
13M 54S 834 1 0.1%
13M 55S 835 3 0.2%
13M 56S 836 3 0.2%
13M 57S 837 5 0.3%
13M 59S 839 1 0.1%
14M 0S 840 2 0.1%
14M 2S 842 3 0.2%
14M 3S 843 1 0.1%
14M 4S 844 3 0.2%
14M 6S 846 2 0.1%
14M 7S 847 2 0.1%
14M 8S 848 1 0.1%
14M 10S 850 2 0.1%
14M 12S 852 2 0.1%
14M 13S 853 1 0.1%
14M 15S 855 3 0.2%
14M 16S 856 1 0.1%
14M 18S 858 1 0.1%
14M 20S 860 3 0.2%
14M 21S 861 3 0.2%
14M 22S 862 2 0.1%
14M 23S 863 2 0.1%
14M 24S 864 1 0.1%
14M 25S 865 4 0.3%
14M 27S 867 2 0.1%
14M 31S 871 1 0.1%
14M 32S 872 1 0.1%
14M 33S 873 2 0.1%
14M 34S 874 1 0.1%
14M 35S 875 3 0.2%
14M 36S 876 2 0.1%
14M 37S 877 1 0.1%
14M 39S 879 3 0.2%
14M 40S 880 1 0.1%
14M 41S 881 1 0.1%
14M 42S 882 2 0.1%
14M 43S 883 2 0.1%
14M 44S 884 1 0.1%
14M 45S 885 3 0.2%
14M 46S 886 2 0.1%
14M 47S 887 1 0.1%
14M 48S 888 2 0.1%
14M 49S 889 1 0.1%
14M 53S 893 3 0.2%
14M 54S 894 4 0.3%
14M 55S 895 1 0.1%
14M 56S 896 1 0.1%
14M 57S 897 1 0.1%
14M 58S 898 1 0.1%
14M 59S 899 2 0.1%
15M 0S 900 2 0.1%
15M 2S 902 2 0.1%
15M 3S 903 2 0.1%
15M 4S 904 1 0.1%
15M 5S 905 2 0.1%
15M 6S 906 2 0.1%
15M 9S 909 1 0.1%
15M 10S 910 1 0.1%
15M 11S 911 3 0.2%
15M 12S 912 1 0.1%
15M 14S 914 1 0.1%
15M 15S 915 1 0.1%
15M 17S 917 2 0.1%
15M 18S 918 1 0.1%
15M 19S 919 2 0.1%
15M 20S 920 3 0.2%
15M 21S 921 1 0.1%
15M 22S 922 2 0.1%
15M 23S 923 2 0.1%
15M 24S 924 2 0.1%
15M 25S 925 1 0.1%
15M 28S 928 1 0.1%
15M 29S 929 3 0.2%
15M 30S 930 2 0.1%
15M 31S 931 1 0.1%
15M 32S 932 2 0.1%
15M 33S 933 3 0.2%
15M 36S 936 1 0.1%
15M 38S 938 2 0.1%
15M 40S 940 2 0.1%
15M 42S 942 1 0.1%
15M 43S 943 1 0.1%
15M 44S 944 4 0.3%
15M 45S 945 3 0.2%
15M 47S 947 3 0.2%
15M 48S 948 1 0.1%
15M 49S 949 3 0.2%
15M 50S 950 1 0.1%
15M 51S 951 2 0.1%
15M 52S 952 3 0.2%
15M 53S 953 2 0.1%
15M 55S 955 4 0.3%
15M 56S 956 1 0.1%
15M 57S 957 2 0.1%
15M 58S 958 1 0.1%
15M 59S 959 2 0.1%
16M 0S 960 2 0.1%
16M 1S 961 1 0.1%
16M 3S 963 1 0.1%
16M 4S 964 2 0.1%
16M 6S 966 1 0.1%
16M 7S 967 3 0.2%
16M 8S 968 1 0.1%
16M 9S 969 1 0.1%
16M 10S 970 1 0.1%
16M 11S 971 5 0.3%
16M 12S 972 1 0.1%
16M 13S 973 1 0.1%
16M 16S 976 1 0.1%
16M 17S 977 1 0.1%
16M 18S 978 1 0.1%
16M 19S 979 1 0.1%
16M 20S 980 1 0.1%
16M 22S 982 1 0.1%
16M 24S 984 1 0.1%
16M 25S 985 1 0.1%
16M 26S 986 3 0.2%
16M 27S 987 1 0.1%
16M 28S 988 1 0.1%
16M 32S 992 1 0.1%
16M 33S 993 2 0.1%
16M 34S 994 2 0.1%
16M 35S 995 2 0.1%
16M 37S 997 2 0.1%
16M 38S 998 2 0.1%
16M 41S 1001 1 0.1%
16M 42S 1002 2 0.1%
16M 43S 1003 1 0.1%
16M 44S 1004 2 0.1%
16M 45S 1005 1 0.1%
16M 46S 1006 1 0.1%
16M 47S 1007 1 0.1%
16M 49S 1009 2 0.1%
16M 51S 1011 2 0.1%
16M 53S 1013 1 0.1%
16M 55S 1015 2 0.1%
16M 57S 1017 1 0.1%
17M 0S 1020 3 0.2%
17M 1S 1021 1 0.1%
17M 3S 1023 1 0.1%
17M 5S 1025 1 0.1%
17M 6S 1026 2 0.1%
17M 7S 1027 2 0.1%
17M 8S 1028 2 0.1%
17M 11S 1031 1 0.1%
17M 12S 1032 3 0.2%
17M 13S 1033 1 0.1%
17M 15S 1035 2 0.1%
17M 17S 1037 1 0.1%
17M 19S 1039 3 0.2%
17M 20S 1040 3 0.2%
17M 23S 1043 1 0.1%
17M 24S 1044 1 0.1%
17M 28S 1048 1 0.1%
17M 29S 1049 1 0.1%
17M 36S 1056 2 0.1%
17M 37S 1057 4 0.3%
17M 38S 1058 1 0.1%
17M 39S 1059 3 0.2%
17M 41S 1061 2 0.1%
17M 44S 1064 4 0.3%
17M 46S 1066 1 0.1%
17M 48S 1068 1 0.1%
17M 50S 1070 1 0.1%
17M 51S 1071 1 0.1%
17M 52S 1072 1 0.1%
17M 55S 1075 1 0.1%
17M 56S 1076 1 0.1%
17M 57S 1077 4 0.3%
17M 58S 1078 1 0.1%
18M 3S 1083 1 0.1%
18M 4S 1084 3 0.2%
18M 5S 1085 2 0.1%
18M 7S 1087 4 0.3%
18M 8S 1088 1 0.1%
18M 9S 1089 1 0.1%
18M 10S 1090 2 0.1%
18M 12S 1092 1 0.1%
18M 13S 1093 1 0.1%
18M 14S 1094 4 0.3%
18M 15S 1095 2 0.1%
18M 16S 1096 3 0.2%
18M 18S 1098 1 0.1%
18M 19S 1099 1 0.1%
18M 20S 1100 1 0.1%
18M 21S 1101 2 0.1%
18M 22S 1102 1 0.1%
18M 23S 1103 1 0.1%
18M 24S 1104 1 0.1%
18M 27S 1107 3 0.2%
18M 28S 1108 1 0.1%
18M 30S 1110 2 0.1%
18M 31S 1111 1 0.1%
18M 34S 1114 1 0.1%
18M 37S 1117 1 0.1%
18M 38S 1118 1 0.1%
18M 39S 1119 1 0.1%
18M 40S 1120 1 0.1%
18M 44S 1124 1 0.1%
18M 45S 1125 1 0.1%
18M 46S 1126 2 0.1%
18M 47S 1127 1 0.1%
18M 49S 1129 1 0.1%
18M 52S 1132 4 0.3%
18M 53S 1133 1 0.1%
18M 54S 1134 2 0.1%
18M 57S 1137 1 0.1%
18M 59S 1139 1 0.1%
19M 0S 1140 2 0.1%
19M 1S 1141 2 0.1%
19M 2S 1142 1 0.1%
19M 3S 1143 3 0.2%
19M 5S 1145 1 0.1%
19M 6S 1146 1 0.1%
19M 7S 1147 1 0.1%
19M 8S 1148 4 0.3%
19M 9S 1149 1 0.1%
19M 10S 1150 2 0.1%
19M 16S 1156 1 0.1%
19M 17S 1157 1 0.1%
19M 19S 1159 3 0.2%
19M 20S 1160 1 0.1%
19M 21S 1161 2 0.1%
19M 22S 1162 3 0.2%
19M 24S 1164 3 0.2%
19M 27S 1167 1 0.1%
19M 30S 1170 1 0.1%
19M 31S 1171 2 0.1%
19M 32S 1172 1 0.1%
19M 33S 1173 1 0.1%
19M 34S 1174 1 0.1%
19M 35S 1175 2 0.1%
19M 39S 1179 1 0.1%
19M 40S 1180 1 0.1%
19M 43S 1183 1 0.1%
19M 44S 1184 1 0.1%
19M 48S 1188 1 0.1%
19M 50S 1190 1 0.1%
19M 51S 1191 2 0.1%
19M 53S 1193 3 0.2%
19M 55S 1195 2 0.1%
19M 56S 1196 1 0.1%
19M 58S 1198 2 0.1%
20M 0S 1200 1 0.1%
20M 1S 1201 1 0.1%
20M 2S 1202 1 0.1%
20M 4S 1204 1 0.1%
20M 7S 1207 2 0.1%
20M 11S 1211 3 0.2%
20M 12S 1212 1 0.1%
20M 13S 1213 2 0.1%
20M 14S 1214 1 0.1%
20M 15S 1215 1 0.1%
20M 16S 1216 2 0.1%
20M 18S 1218 4 0.3%
20M 20S 1220 2 0.1%
20M 21S 1221 1 0.1%
20M 22S 1222 1 0.1%
20M 24S 1224 1 0.1%
20M 29S 1229 1 0.1%
20M 31S 1231 2 0.1%
20M 32S 1232 3 0.2%
20M 33S 1233 2 0.1%
20M 37S 1237 2 0.1%
20M 40S 1240 1 0.1%
20M 41S 1241 1 0.1%
20M 43S 1243 2 0.1%
20M 45S 1245 1 0.1%
20M 46S 1246 2 0.1%
20M 47S 1247 2 0.1%
20M 48S 1248 1 0.1%
20M 49S 1249 1 0.1%
20M 50S 1250 1 0.1%
20M 51S 1251 1 0.1%
20M 54S 1254 1 0.1%
20M 57S 1257 1 0.1%
20M 58S 1258 1 0.1%
20M 59S 1259 1 0.1%
21M 0S 1260 1 0.1%
21M 1S 1261 1 0.1%
21M 2S 1262 2 0.1%
21M 3S 1263 1 0.1%
21M 5S 1265 1 0.1%
21M 6S 1266 1 0.1%
21M 16S 1276 1 0.1%
21M 18S 1278 1 0.1%
21M 19S 1279 1 0.1%
21M 20S 1280 1 0.1%
21M 22S 1282 1 0.1%
21M 25S 1285 2 0.1%
21M 26S 1286 1 0.1%
21M 27S 1287 2 0.1%
21M 30S 1290 1 0.1%
21M 35S 1295 2 0.1%
21M 36S 1296 1 0.1%
21M 37S 1297 2 0.1%
21M 38S 1298 2 0.1%
21M 39S 1299 2 0.1%
21M 40S 1300 1 0.1%
21M 45S 1305 1 0.1%
21M 46S 1306 1 0.1%
21M 48S 1308 2 0.1%
21M 51S 1311 1 0.1%
21M 58S 1318 1 0.1%
22M 3S 1323 1 0.1%
22M 6S 1326 1 0.1%
22M 19S 1339 1 0.1%
22M 20S 1340 3 0.2%
22M 21S 1341 2 0.1%
22M 26S 1346 2 0.1%
22M 28S 1348 1 0.1%
22M 31S 1351 1 0.1%
22M 32S 1352 2 0.1%
22M 33S 1353 1 0.1%
22M 35S 1355 2 0.1%
22M 36S 1356 2 0.1%
22M 37S 1357 1 0.1%
22M 38S 1358 1 0.1%
22M 43S 1363 1 0.1%
22M 45S 1365 1 0.1%
22M 46S 1366 1 0.1%
22M 47S 1367 1 0.1%
22M 48S 1368 1 0.1%
22M 54S 1374 1 0.1%
22M 55S 1375 1 0.1%
22M 56S 1376 2 0.1%
22M 59S 1379 2 0.1%
23M 0S 1380 1 0.1%
23M 1S 1381 1 0.1%
23M 3S 1383 1 0.1%
23M 4S 1384 1 0.1%
23M 8S 1388 1 0.1%
23M 9S 1389 2 0.1%
23M 15S 1395 1 0.1%
23M 21S 1401 2 0.1%
23M 23S 1403 1 0.1%
23M 24S 1404 1 0.1%
23M 27S 1407 1 0.1%
23M 28S 1408 1 0.1%
23M 29S 1409 1 0.1%
23M 34S 1414 2 0.1%
23M 39S 1419 1 0.1%
23M 40S 1420 1 0.1%
23M 42S 1422 1 0.1%
23M 47S 1427 1 0.1%
23M 48S 1428 2 0.1%
23M 49S 1429 1 0.1%
23M 50S 1430 1 0.1%
23M 52S 1432 2 0.1%
23M 53S 1433 2 0.1%
23M 54S 1434 1 0.1%
23M 55S 1435 1 0.1%
23M 58S 1438 3 0.2%
23M 59S 1439 2 0.1%
24M 0S 1440 1 0.1%
24M 1S 1441 1 0.1%
24M 2S 1442 1 0.1%
24M 10S 1450 1 0.1%
24M 11S 1451 1 0.1%
24M 12S 1452 1 0.1%
24M 14S 1454 1 0.1%
24M 15S 1455 1 0.1%
24M 17S 1457 1 0.1%
24M 19S 1459 2 0.1%
24M 20S 1460 2 0.1%
24M 22S 1462 1 0.1%
24M 24S 1464 1 0.1%
24M 25S 1465 1 0.1%
24M 27S 1467 1 0.1%
24M 28S 1468 2 0.1%
24M 29S 1469 1 0.1%
24M 30S 1470 2 0.1%
24M 32S 1472 1 0.1%
24M 35S 1475 1 0.1%
24M 39S 1479 1 0.1%
24M 40S 1480 1 0.1%
24M 41S 1481 1 0.1%
24M 43S 1483 2 0.1%
24M 46S 1486 1 0.1%
24M 48S 1488 1 0.1%
24M 49S 1489 1 0.1%
24M 51S 1491 1 0.1%
24M 52S 1492 1 0.1%
24M 54S 1494 2 0.1%
24M 56S 1496 1 0.1%
24M 59S 1499 1 0.1%
25M 3S 1503 2 0.1%
25M 6S 1506 1 0.1%
25M 7S 1507 1 0.1%
25M 8S 1508 1 0.1%
25M 9S 1509 1 0.1%
25M 14S 1514 1 0.1%
25M 15S 1515 1 0.1%
25M 18S 1518 2 0.1%
25M 19S 1519 1 0.1%
25M 20S 1520 1 0.1%
25M 24S 1524 1 0.1%
25M 26S 1526 1 0.1%
25M 27S 1527 1 0.1%
25M 33S 1533 1 0.1%
25M 37S 1537 2 0.1%
25M 40S 1540 1 0.1%
25M 43S 1543 1 0.1%
25M 44S 1544 1 0.1%
25M 47S 1547 1 0.1%
25M 53S 1553 1 0.1%
25M 55S 1555 1 0.1%
25M 59S 1559 1 0.1%
26M 0S 1560 1 0.1%
26M 2S 1562 1 0.1%
26M 4S 1564 1 0.1%
26M 5S 1565 1 0.1%
26M 6S 1566 2 0.1%
26M 8S 1568 1 0.1%
26M 11S 1571 1 0.1%
26M 12S 1572 1 0.1%
26M 17S 1577 1 0.1%
26M 21S 1581 1 0.1%
26M 23S 1583 1 0.1%
26M 24S 1584 1 0.1%
26M 25S 1585 2 0.1%
26M 27S 1587 1 0.1%
26M 33S 1593 1 0.1%
26M 35S 1595 1 0.1%
26M 36S 1596 1 0.1%
26M 38S 1598 1 0.1%
26M 40S 1600 1 0.1%
26M 41S 1601 1 0.1%
26M 46S 1606 1 0.1%
26M 50S 1610 1 0.1%
27M 0S 1620 1 0.1%
27M 3S 1623 1 0.1%
27M 5S 1625 1 0.1%
27M 10S 1630 1 0.1%
27M 20S 1640 1 0.1%
27M 32S 1652 1 0.1%
27M 35S 1655 1 0.1%
27M 36S 1656 1 0.1%
27M 43S 1663 1 0.1%
27M 45S 1665 2 0.1%
27M 51S 1671 2 0.1%
27M 52S 1672 1 0.1%
27M 53S 1673 2 0.1%
27M 56S 1676 2 0.1%
27M 57S 1677 1 0.1%
27M 59S 1679 1 0.1%
28M 1S 1681 1 0.1%
28M 5S 1685 1 0.1%
28M 6S 1686 1 0.1%
28M 8S 1688 1 0.1%
28M 9S 1689 1 0.1%
28M 13S 1693 1 0.1%
28M 15S 1695 1 0.1%
28M 24S 1704 3 0.2%
28M 31S 1711 2 0.1%
28M 37S 1717 1 0.1%
28M 40S 1720 2 0.1%
28M 42S 1722 1 0.1%
28M 45S 1725 1 0.1%
28M 47S 1727 1 0.1%
28M 49S 1729 1 0.1%
28M 51S 1731 1 0.1%
28M 58S 1738 2 0.1%
28M 59S 1739 1 0.1%
29M 1S 1741 1 0.1%
29M 8S 1748 1 0.1%
29M 15S 1755 1 0.1%
29M 16S 1756 1 0.1%
29M 25S 1765 1 0.1%
29M 31S 1771 1 0.1%
29M 32S 1772 1 0.1%
29M 35S 1775 1 0.1%
29M 38S 1778 3 0.2%
29M 40S 1780 1 0.1%
29M 47S 1787 1 0.1%
29M 48S 1788 1 0.1%
29M 52S 1792 1 0.1%
30M 5S 1805 1 0.1%
30M 10S 1810 1 0.1%
30M 16S 1816 1 0.1%
30M 18S 1818 1 0.1%
30M 19S 1819 1 0.1%
30M 20S 1820 1 0.1%
30M 21S 1821 1 0.1%
30M 22S 1822 2 0.1%
30M 23S 1823 2 0.1%
30M 25S 1825 2 0.1%
30M 28S 1828 1 0.1%
30M 29S 1829 2 0.1%
30M 30S 1830 3 0.2%
30M 31S 1831 1 0.1%
30M 32S 1832 1 0.1%
30M 34S 1834 1 0.1%
30M 36S 1836 1 0.1%
30M 43S 1843 1 0.1%
30M 49S 1849 1 0.1%
30M 51S 1851 1 0.1%
30M 53S 1853 1 0.1%
31M 4S 1864 1 0.1%
31M 5S 1865 1 0.1%
31M 6S 1866 1 0.1%
31M 8S 1868 1 0.1%
31M 9S 1869 1 0.1%
31M 10S 1870 1 0.1%
31M 12S 1872 1 0.1%
31M 14S 1874 1 0.1%
31M 15S 1875 1 0.1%
31M 18S 1878 2 0.1%
31M 25S 1885 2 0.1%
31M 38S 1898 1 0.1%
31M 43S 1903 1 0.1%
31M 46S 1906 1 0.1%
31M 47S 1907 1 0.1%
31M 51S 1911 1 0.1%
31M 53S 1913 2 0.1%
31M 54S 1914 1 0.1%
32M 8S 1928 1 0.1%
32M 33S 1953 1 0.1%
32M 39S 1959 1 0.1%
32M 40S 1960 2 0.1%
32M 47S 1967 1 0.1%
32M 48S 1968 1 0.1%
32M 50S 1970 1 0.1%
32M 52S 1972 1 0.1%
33M 4S 1984 1 0.1%
33M 7S 1987 1 0.1%
33M 9S 1989 1 0.1%
33M 11S 1991 1 0.1%
33M 12S 1992 1 0.1%
33M 15S 1995 1 0.1%
33M 16S 1996 1 0.1%
33M 48S 2028 1 0.1%
33M 54S 2034 1 0.1%
34M 6S 2046 1 0.1%
34M 9S 2049 1 0.1%
34M 52S 2092 1 0.1%
35M 25S 2125 1 0.1%
35M 26S 2126 1 0.1%
35M 42S 2142 1 0.1%
35M 43S 2143 1 0.1%
35M 51S 2151 2 0.1%
35M 58S 2158 1 0.1%
36M 2S 2162 2 0.1%
36M 4S 2164 1 0.1%
36M 16S 2176 1 0.1%
36M 37S 2197 1 0.1%
36M 44S 2204 1 0.1%
37M 10S 2230 1 0.1%
37M 14S 2234 1 0.1%
37M 22S 2242 1 0.1%
37M 23S 2243 1 0.1%
37M 46S 2266 1 0.1%
37M 50S 2270 1 0.1%
38M 4S 2284 1 0.1%
38M 7S 2287 1 0.1%
38M 8S 2288 1 0.1%
38M 9S 2289 1 0.1%
38M 10S 2290 1 0.1%
38M 15S 2295 1 0.1%
38M 43S 2323 1 0.1%
38M 51S 2331 1 0.1%
39M 26S 2366 1 0.1%
39M 36S 2376 1 0.1%
39M 42S 2382 1 0.1%
40M 3S 2403 1 0.1%
40M 6S 2406 1 0.1%
40M 7S 2407 1 0.1%
40M 30S 2430 2 0.1%
40M 58S 2458 1 0.1%
41M 3S 2463 1 0.1%
41M 9S 2469 1 0.1%
41M 15S 2475 1 0.1%
41M 18S 2478 1 0.1%
41M 31S 2491 1 0.1%
41M 38S 2498 1 0.1%
41M 39S 2499 1 0.1%
42M 16S 2536 1 0.1%
42M 23S 2543 1 0.1%
42M 28S 2548 1 0.1%
42M 32S 2552 1 0.1%
42M 39S 2559 1 0.1%
42M 48S 2568 1 0.1%
43M 7S 2587 1 0.1%
43M 24S 2604 1 0.1%
43M 25S 2605 1 0.1%
44M 0S 2640 1 0.1%
44M 14S 2654 1 0.1%
44M 24S 2664 1 0.1%
44M 34S 2674 1 0.1%
44M 35S 2675 1 0.1%
44M 50S 2690 1 0.1%
44M 57S 2697 1 0.1%
45M 53S 2753 1 0.1%
46M 35S 2795 1 0.1%
46M 54S 2814 1 0.1%
47M 19S 2839 1 0.1%
47M 24S 2844 1 0.1%
48M 1S 2881 1 0.1%
48M 8S 2888 1 0.1%
48M 34S 2914 1 0.1%
48M 40S 2920 1 0.1%
49M 18S 2958 1 0.1%
49M 40S 2980 1 0.1%
50M 9S 3009 1 0.1%
50M 18S 3018 1 0.1%
50M 54S 3054 1 0.1%
51M 14S 3074 1 0.1%
51M 17S 3077 1 0.1%
51M 32S 3092 1 0.1%
51M 37S 3097 1 0.1%
52M 0S 3120 1 0.1%
52M 19S 3139 1 0.1%
52M 20S 3140 1 0.1%
52M 30S 3150 1 0.1%
52M 47S 3167 1 0.1%
53M 10S 3190 1 0.1%
53M 54S 3234 1 0.1%
54M 2S 3242 1 0.1%
54M 29S 3269 1 0.1%
54M 54S 3294 1 0.1%
55M 8S 3308 1 0.1%
55M 38S 3338 1 0.1%
56M 45S 3405 1 0.1%
58M 11S 3491 1 0.1%
1H 0M 2S 3602 1 0.1%
1H 0M 30S 3630 1 0.1%
1H 1M 19S 3679 1 0.1%
1H 1M 41S 3701 1 0.1%
1H 2M 45S 3765 1 0.1%
1H 2M 48S 3768 1 0.1%
1H 2M 57S 3777 1 0.1%
1H 3M 11S 3791 1 0.1%
1H 3M 12S 3792 1 0.1%
1H 3M 37S 3817 1 0.1%
1H 5M 9S 3909 1 0.1%
1H 5M 52S 3952 1 0.1%
1H 8M 0S 4080 1 0.1%
1H 8M 38S 4118 1 0.1%
1H 12M 57S 4377 1 0.1%
1H 13M 7S 4387 1 0.1%
1H 13M 19S 4399 1 0.1%
1H 13M 42S 4422 1 0.1%
1H 13M 52S 4432 1 0.1%
1H 14M 27S 4467 1 0.1%
1H 15M 53S 4553 1 0.1%
1H 18M 49S 4729 1 0.1%
1H 24M 33S 5073 1 0.1%
1H 25M 0S 5100 1 0.1%
1H 31M 19S 5479 1 0.1%
1H 31M 51S 5511 1 0.1%
1H 33M 31S 5611 1 0.1%
1H 34M 20S 5660 1 0.1%
1H 35M 13S 5713 1 0.1%
1H 35M 41S 5741 1 0.1%
1H 36M 40S 5800 1 0.1%
1H 37M 36S 5856 1 0.1%
1H 38M 27S 5907 1 0.1%
1H 46M 20S 6380 1 0.1%
1H 47M 9S 6429 1 0.1%
1H 47M 58S 6478 1 0.1%
1H 57M 35S 7055 1 0.1%
2H 1M 21S 7281 1 0.1%
2H 9M 25S 7765 1 0.1%
2H 9M 39S 7779 1 0.1%
2H 28M 10S 8890 1 0.1%
2H 54M 22S 10462 1 0.1%
3H 13M 58S 11638 1 0.1%
3H 27M 44S 12464 1 0.1%
4H 4M 32S 14672 1 0.1%
4H 28M 9S 16089 1 0.1%
1d 12H 32M 5S 131525 1 0.1%

1.3 Quotas

1.3.1

We had Quotas in place for the following:

  • Age (Stream*) | Gender | Race | Region

1.3.2 Age

Desired

  • 18to33_____333 [22.20%]

  • 34to49_____334 [22.25%]

  • 50to64_____333 [22.20%]

  • 65+________500 [33.30%]

Actual:

df$Age_Quota n percent
18to33 316 21.4%
34to49 321 21.7%
50to64 335 22.7%
65plus 504 34.1%
Total 1476
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Age 1 1476 52.18 17.93 54 52.6 22.24 18 88 70 -0.18 -1.19 0.47

1.3.3 Stream

Desired

  • Stream 1_______________1000 [70%]

  • Stream 2 (65+)__________500 [30%]

Actual:
label levels None assigned 2 1 Total
Total N (%) 0 (0.0) 504 (34.1) 972 (65.9) 1476
Age_Quota 65plus 504 (100.0) 504 (34.1)
18to33 316 (32.5) 316 (21.4)
34to49 321 (33.0) 321 (21.7)
50to64 335 (34.5) 335 (22.7)

1.3.4 Gender

Desired

  • Male__________735 [49%]

  • Female________735 [49%]

  • AnyOther______30 [2%]

Actual:
GenderQuota n percent
1 739 50.1%
2 724 49.1%
3 2 0.1%
4 4 0.3%
5 3 0.2%
6 3 0.2%
7 1 0.1%
Total 1476
GenderQuotaFct n percent
Male 724 49.1%
Female 739 50.1%
AnyOtherGender 13 0.9%
Total 1476

1.3.5 Race

Desired

  • NHanyother_____150 [10%]

  • NHwhite________450 [30%]

  • NHblack________450 [30%]

  • Hisp___________450 [30%]

Actual:
df$Race_QuotaChr n percent valid_percent
NHanyother 145 9.8% 9.8%
NHwhite 445 30.1% 30.2%
NHblack 440 29.8% 29.9%
Hisp 444 30.1% 30.1%
NA 2 0.1%
Total 1476

1.3.6 Region

Desired

  • northeast_____255 [17.0%]

  • midwest_______309 [20.6%]

  • south_________582 [38.8%]

  • west__________354 [23.6%]

Actual:
df$Region_QuotaFct n percent valid_percent
northeast 256 17.3% 17.4%
midwest 296 20.1% 20.1%
south 575 39.0% 39.1%
west 344 23.3% 23.4%
NA 5 0.3%
Total 1476

2 Experiment 1

2.1 Exp1: Overview

2.1.1 Description

In this experiment, respondents are shown an example of a public health message about antibiotic resistance. Here, we look at whether framing antibiotic resistance within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic influences respondents antibiotic-related behavioral intentions and preferences, compared to a standard message about antibiotic resistance.

  • Group 1 (Control): will see a generic written message about the impact of an antibiotic resistance crisis.

  • Group 2 (TextOnly): will see a generic written message about the impact of an antibiotic resistance crisis AND additional information comparing it with the COVID-19 pandemic

  • Group 3 (TextPic): will see the same information as group 2, but as an infographic with pictures.

2.1.2 Messages

Introductory text (shown to all): “There is a global health threat posed by bacteria that cannot be treated with antibiotics (i.e., antibiotic resistance). Please carefully consider the following information about antibiotics and antibiotic resistance.”

  • Group 1 (Control):

    • The impact of an antibiotic resistance crisis will be much more severe than anything we have seen before. It will also be much more difficult to control. We can all do our bit to prevent this crisis and the time for us to act is now. The most important thing we can all do is make sure we only use antibiotics when they are strictly necessary (when prescribed for a bacterial infection [e.g., pneumonia]). By doing so, we can prevent an antibiotic resistance crisis. With this in mind, please always remember that most cold and flu symptoms are best treated at home by taking Tylenol or ibuprofen, and getting plenty of fluids and sleep.

  • Group 2 (TextOnly):

    • “The COVID-19 pandemic has shown us how devastating a global health crisis can be. Every aspect of our daily lives had to change so that we could stay safe and protect the people we care about from COVID-19. We have all faced major challenges during this time and many of us have lost loved ones. This has given us first-hand experience of just how difficult these crises are to control once they start.

      The impact of an antibiotic resistance crisis will be much more severe than anything we have seen before—even COVID-19. It will also be much more difficult to control as it may not be possible to create new treatments against antibiotic resistant infections like we did with vaccines for COVID-19. However, we can all do our bit to prevent this crisis and the time for us to act is now. The most important thing we can all do is make sure we only use antibiotics when they are strictly necessary (when prescribed for a bacterial infection [e.g., pneumonia]). By doing so, we can prevent an antibiotic resistance crisis.

      With this in mind, please always remember that most cold and flu symptoms are best treated at home by taking Tylenol or ibuprofen, and getting plenty of fluids and sleep.”

Group 3 (TextPic):

2.2 Exp1: Group assignment

Desired

  • total should be N=1000

    • Three groups of 333 [33%]
Actual:
Exp1_Grp n percent
Exp1_Control 315 32.4%
Exp1_TextOnly 332 34.2%
Exp1_TextPic 325 33.4%
Total 972

2.3 Exp1: Dependent variables

2.3.1

We had three primary dependent variables for Experiment 1.

  • Consultation intentions (In a hypothetical scenario of viral respiratory infection)
  • Antibiotic desires (In a hypothetical scenario of viral respiratory infection)
  • Antibiotic adherence (In a hypothetical scenario of bacterial kidney infection)

2.3.2 Exp1_Consult:

At this point, do you think you would go to see a primary care clinician about these symptoms?

Response scale (likert):

Definitely WOULD NOT (1), Probably WOULD NOT (2), Probably WOULD (3), Definitely WOULD (4)

Exp1_Consult n percent valid_percent Exp1_ConsultFct n percent valid_percent
1 113 11.6% 11.7% Definitely WOULD NOT 113 11.6% 11.7%
2 203 20.9% 20.9% Probably WOULD NOT 203 20.9% 20.9%
3 338 34.8% 34.9% Probably WOULD 338 34.8% 34.9%
4 315 32.4% 32.5% Definitely WOULD 315 32.4% 32.5%
NA 3 0.3%
NA 3 0.3%
Total 972
Total 972
Group n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Overall 969 2.88 0.99 3 2.98 1.48 1 4 3 -0.48 -0.85 0.03
Control 312 2.89 1.00 3 2.99 1.48 1 4 3 -0.45 -0.92 0.06
TextOnly 332 2.91 0.95 3 3.02 1.48 1 4 3 -0.56 -0.59 0.05
TextPic 325 2.84 1.04 3 2.92 1.48 1 4 3 -0.41 -1.03 0.06

2.3.3 Exp1_Want:

Would you want to get antibiotics for these symptoms?

Response scale (likert):

Definitely WOULD NOT (1), Probably WOULD NOT (2), Probably WOULD (3), Definitely WOULD (4)

Exp1_Want n percent Exp1_WantFct n percent
1 140 14.4% Definitely WOULD NOT 140 14.4%
2 211 21.7% Probably WOULD NOT 211 21.7%
3 355 36.5% Probably WOULD 355 36.5%
4 266 27.4% Definitely WOULD 266 27.4%
Total 972
Total 972
Group n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Overall 972 2.77 1.01 3 2.84 1.48 1 4 3 -0.37 -0.94 0.03
Control 315 2.79 1.02 3 2.87 1.48 1 4 3 -0.36 -0.99 0.06
TextOnly 332 2.83 0.99 3 2.91 1.48 1 4 3 -0.45 -0.82 0.05
TextPic 325 2.68 1.02 3 2.73 1.48 1 4 3 -0.30 -1.02 0.06

2.3.4 Exp1_Adhere:

Would you take antibiotics if offered by your primary care clinician?

Response scale (likert):

Definitely WOULD NOT (1), Probably WOULD NOT (2), Probably WOULD (3), Definitely WOULD (4)

Exp1_Adhere n percent Exp1_AdhereFct n percent
1 30 3.1% Definitely WOULD NOT 30 3.1%
2 45 4.6% Probably WOULD NOT 45 4.6%
3 243 25.0% Probably WOULD 243 25.0%
4 654 67.3% Definitely WOULD 654 67.3%
Total 972
Total 972
Group n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Overall 972 3.56 0.72 4 3.72 0 1 4 3 -1.81 3.05 0.02
Control 315 3.63 0.64 4 3.75 0 1 4 3 -2.03 4.60 0.04
TextOnly 332 3.53 0.73 4 3.69 0 1 4 3 -1.57 1.95 0.04
TextPic 325 3.53 0.78 4 3.70 0 1 4 3 -1.80 2.77 0.04

2.4 Exp1: Secondary variables

2.4.1

We had four secondary variables for Experiment 1.

  • Threat perceptions of COVID-19
  • Threat perceptions of AMR
  • Beliefs about public health efforts against COVID-19
  • Prior familiarity with AMR

2.4.2 Exp1_Threat:

“How serious of a threat do you think COVID-19 is?”

and

“How serious of a threat do you think antibiotic resistance is?”

Response scale (likert):

Not a serious threat at all (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), A very serious threat (6)

COVID-19
Exp1_Threat_1 n percent valid_percent
1 70 7.2% 7.2%
2 56 5.8% 5.8%
3 130 13.4% 13.4%
4 213 21.9% 21.9%
5 148 15.2% 15.2%
6 354 36.4% 36.5%
NA 1 0.1%
Total 972
Antibiotic resistance
Exp1_Threat_2 n percent valid_percent
1 37 3.8% 3.8%
2 21 2.2% 2.2%
3 110 11.3% 11.3%
4 218 22.4% 22.5%
5 183 18.8% 18.8%
6 402 41.4% 41.4%
NA 1 0.1%
Total 972
COVID-19 threat
Group n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Overall 971 4.42 1.57 5 4.61 1.48 1 6 5 -0.68 -0.57 0.05
Control 315 4.36 1.56 4 4.55 1.48 1 6 5 -0.67 -0.50 0.09
TextOnly 331 4.34 1.61 5 4.51 1.48 1 6 5 -0.57 -0.82 0.09
TextPic 325 4.56 1.52 5 4.77 1.48 1 6 5 -0.79 -0.34 0.08
Antibiotic resistance threat
Group n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Overall 971 4.75 1.35 5 4.93 1.48 1 6 5 -0.94 0.24 0.04
Control 314 4.75 1.31 5 4.91 1.48 1 6 5 -0.88 0.28 0.07
TextOnly 332 4.67 1.37 5 4.85 1.48 1 6 5 -0.91 0.20 0.08
TextPic 325 4.82 1.38 5 5.02 1.48 1 6 5 -1.01 0.20 0.08

2.4.3 Exp1_PHeffort:

“In general, what do you think about public health efforts to address the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., mask mandates, social distancing, vaccinations)?”

Response scale (slider):

Underreaction (0), — The right amount has been done (50), — Overreaction (100)

Antibiotic resistance threat
Group n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Overall 970 58.29 23.57 56.0 58.98 22.24 0 100 100 -0.26 -0.17 0.76
Control 314 58.63 22.27 55.5 59.06 20.02 0 100 100 -0.20 0.15 1.26
TextOnly 331 58.95 23.92 60.0 59.63 20.76 0 100 100 -0.28 -0.28 1.31
TextPic 325 57.30 24.47 54.0 58.16 25.20 0 100 100 -0.26 -0.36 1.36

2.4.4 Exp1_FamiliarAMR:

“Had you heard of antibiotic resistance before taking this survey?”

Response scale (categorical):

I had never heard of it before (1), I had already heard of it but I did not know what it means (2), I had already heard of it and I already had some idea of what it means (3), I had heard of it and I already knew exactly what it means (4)

Exp1_FamiliarAMR n percent Exp1_FamiliarAMRFct n percent
1 253 26.0% Had never heard of it 253 26.0%
2 150 15.4% Had heard of it but didn’t know what it means 150 15.4%
3 319 32.8% Had heard of it & some idea what it means 319 32.8%
4 250 25.7% Had heard of it & knew exactly what it means 250 25.7%
Total 972
Total 972

3 Experiment 2

3.1 Exp2: Overview

3.1.1 Description

In this experiment, respondents are shown an example of a public health message about antibiotics in one of two contexts: (1.) using antibiotics for cold/flu, and (2) keeping leftover antibiotics to use later. Here, we look at the influence of social norms and the framing of the norms on respondents behavioral intentions, perceptions of others, and of the behaviors.

  • Group 1 (NegativeContext): will see a public health message that 38% do the behavior with an explanation why it is important NOT to do this behavior.

  • Group 2 (Negative): will see a public health message that 38% do the behavior with no further explanation.

  • Group 3 (PositiveContext): will see a public health message that 62% DO NOT DO the behavior with an explanation why it is important NOT to do this behavior.

  • Group 4 (Positive): will see a public health message that 62% DO NOT DO the behavior with no further explanation.

3.1.2 Cold/Flu Messages

3.1.3 Keep leftovers Messages

3.2 Exp2: Group assignment

Desired

  • Cold/Flu____500 [50%]
    • Four groups of 125 [12.5%]
  • Keep leftovers____500 [50%]
    • Four groups of 125 [12.5%]
Actual:
label levels Cold Keep Total
Total N (%) 491 (50.5) 481 (49.5) 972
Exp2_Grp Exp2_cold_NegativeContext 129 (26.3) 129 (13.3)
Exp2_cold_NegativeOnly 114 (23.2) 114 (11.7)
Exp2_cold_PositiveContext 120 (24.4) 120 (12.3)
Exp2_cold_PositiveOnly 128 (26.1) 128 (13.2)
Exp2_keep_NegativeContext 122 (25.4) 122 (12.6)
Exp2_keep_NegativeOnly 122 (25.4) 122 (12.6)
Exp2_keep_PositiveContext 116 (24.1) 116 (11.9)
Exp2_keep_PositiveOnly 121 (25.2) 121 (12.4)

3.3 Exp2: Dependent variables

3.3.1

We had three primary dependent variables for Experiment 2.

  • Wanting to [take antibiotics for cold/flu] or [keep leftover antibiotics]
  • Opinion of others who [take antibiotics for cold/flu] or [keep leftover antibiotics]
  • Belief it is okay to [take antibiotics for cold/flu] or [keep leftover antibiotics]

3.3.2 Exp2_Want:

Would you want to get antibiotics for cold or flu symptoms?

Response scale (likert):

Definitely WOULD NOT (1), Probably WOULD NOT (2), Probably WOULD (3), Definitely WOULD (4)

Exp2_Want n percent Exp2_WantFct n percent
1 153 31.2% Definitely WOULD NOT 153 31.2%
2 127 25.9% Probably WOULD NOT 127 25.9%
3 117 23.8% Probably WOULD 117 23.8%
4 94 19.1% Definitely WOULD 94 19.1%
Total 491
Total 491
Group n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Overall 491 2.31 1.11 2 2.26 1.48 1 4 3 0.22 -1.30 0.05
Negative+Context 129 2.27 1.16 2 2.22 1.48 1 4 3 0.27 -1.41 0.10
NegativeOnly 114 2.48 1.04 2 2.48 1.48 1 4 3 0.02 -1.19 0.10
Positive+Context 120 1.97 1.04 2 1.83 1.48 1 4 3 0.65 -0.87 0.09
PostiveOnly 128 2.52 1.10 3 2.52 1.48 1 4 3 -0.02 -1.34 0.10

3.3.3 Exp2_OtherWant:

If you were told that someone you know takes antibiotics for cold or flu symptoms, which of the following would best describe your opinion of them?

Response scale (likert):

Much more negative (1), Slightly more negative (2), No change (3), Slightly more positive (4), Much more positive (5)

Exp2_DescWant n percent
1 26 5.3%
2 67 13.6%
3 281 57.2%
4 49 10.0%
5 68 13.8%
Total 491
Exp2_DescWantFct n percent
Much more negative 26 5.3%
Slightly more negative 67 13.6%
No change 281 57.2%
Slightly more positive 49 10.0%
Much more positive 68 13.8%
Total 491
Group n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Overall 491 3.13 0.99 3 3.11 0 1 5 4 0.25 0.15 0.04
Negative+Context 129 3.14 1.04 3 3.12 0 1 5 4 0.22 -0.19 0.09
NegativeOnly 114 3.11 0.92 3 3.08 0 1 5 4 0.21 0.72 0.09
Positive+Context 120 2.99 1.03 3 2.97 0 1 5 4 0.20 0.04 0.09
PostiveOnly 128 3.29 0.97 3 3.27 0 1 5 4 0.45 -0.11 0.09

3.3.4 Exp2_TakeOkay:

Please indicate how much you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is okay to take antibiotics for cold or flu symptoms.

Response scale (likert):

Strongly disagree (1), Disagree (2), Somewhat disagree (3), Somewhat agree (4), Agree (5), Strongly agree (6).

Exp2_TakeOK n percent Exp2_TakeOKFct n percent
1 99 20.2% Strongly disagree 99 20.2%
2 80 16.3% Disagree 80 16.3%
3 69 14.1% Somewhat disagree 69 14.1%
4 100 20.4% Somewhat agree 100 20.4%
5 86 17.5% Agree 86 17.5%
6 57 11.6% Strongly agree 57 11.6%
Total 491
Total 491
Group n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Overall 491 3.34 1.68 3 3.30 1.48 1 6 5 0.02 -1.26 0.08
Negative+Context 129 3.12 1.75 3 3.04 2.97 1 6 5 0.17 -1.34 0.15
NegativeOnly 114 3.56 1.57 4 3.58 1.48 1 6 5 -0.21 -1.05 0.15
Positive+Context 120 2.83 1.66 2 2.70 1.48 1 6 5 0.47 -1.11 0.15
PostiveOnly 128 3.82 1.55 4 3.89 1.48 1 6 5 -0.26 -1.00 0.14

3.3.5 Exp2_Keep:

Would you ever keep any leftover antibiotics you have so that you could use them again in the future?

Response scale (likert):

I would never have any leftover antibiotics (I always finish the full course) (1), Definitely WOULD NOT (2), Probably WOULD NOT (3), Probably WOULD (4), Definitely WOULD (5)

Exp2_Keep n percent
1 157 32.6%
2 59 12.3%
3 80 16.6%
4 125 26.0%
5 60 12.5%
Total 481
Exp2_KeepFct n percent
Always Finish them 157 32.6%
Definitely WOULD NOT 59 12.3%
Probably WOULD NOT 80 16.6%
Probably WOULD 125 26.0%
Definitely WOULD 60 12.5%
Total 481
Group n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Overall 481 2.73 1.46 3 2.67 1.48 1 5 4 0.08 -1.46 0.07
Negative+Context 122 2.49 1.43 2 2.37 1.48 1 5 4 0.41 -1.22 0.13
NegativeOnly 122 2.74 1.47 3 2.69 1.48 1 5 4 -0.07 -1.63 0.13
Positive+Context 116 2.76 1.40 3 2.70 1.48 1 5 4 0.00 -1.39 0.13
PostiveOnly 121 2.95 1.50 3 2.94 1.48 1 5 4 -0.05 -1.49 0.14

3.3.6 Exp2_OtherKeep:

If you heard that someone you know keeps leftover antibiotics so that they can use them again in the future, which of the following would best describe your opinion of them?

Response scale (likert):

Much more negative (1), Slightly more negative (2), No change (3), Slightly more positive (4), Much more positive (5)

Exp2_DescKeep n percent Exp2_DescKeepFct n percent
1 25 5.2% Much more negative 25 5.2%
2 62 12.9% Slightly more negative 62 12.9%
3 316 65.7% No change 316 65.7%
4 42 8.7% Slightly more positive 42 8.7%
5 36 7.5% Much more positive 36 7.5%
Total 481
Total 481
Group n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Overall 481 3.00 0.85 3 2.98 0 1 5 4 0.21 1.27 0.04
Negative+Context 122 2.95 0.80 3 2.95 0 1 5 4 -0.01 1.63 0.07
NegativeOnly 122 2.99 0.77 3 2.99 0 1 5 4 0.01 2.12 0.07
Positive+Context 116 2.86 0.84 3 2.86 0 1 5 4 0.00 0.93 0.08
PostiveOnly 121 3.21 0.96 3 3.18 0 1 5 4 0.43 0.20 0.09

3.3.7 Exp2_KeepOkay:

Please indicate how much you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is okay to keep leftover antibiotics so that you can use them again in the future.

Response scale (likert):

Strongly disagree (1), Disagree (2), Somewhat disagree (3), Somewhat agree (4), Agree (5), Strongly agree (6).

Exp2_KeepOK n percent Exp2_KeepOKFct n percent
1 131 27.2% Strongly disagree 131 27.2%
2 74 15.4% Disagree 74 15.4%
3 74 15.4% Somewhat disagree 74 15.4%
4 105 21.8% Somewhat agree 105 21.8%
5 53 11.0% Agree 53 11.0%
6 44 9.1% Strongly agree 44 9.1%
Total 481
Total 481
Group n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Overall 481 3.01 1.65 3.0 2.90 1.48 1 6 5 0.25 -1.15 0.08
Negative+Context 122 2.66 1.59 2.5 2.50 2.22 1 6 5 0.48 -0.98 0.14
NegativeOnly 122 3.04 1.59 3.0 2.97 1.48 1 6 5 0.18 -1.19 0.14
Positive+Context 116 2.97 1.70 3.0 2.84 1.48 1 6 5 0.34 -1.13 0.16
PostiveOnly 121 3.40 1.66 4.0 3.37 1.48 1 6 5 -0.01 -1.18 0.15

3.4 Exp2: Secondary variables

3.4.1

We had four secondary variables for Experiment 2.

  • Willingness to avoid using antibiotics whenever possible
  • Willingness of others to avoid using antibiotics whenever possible
  • Trust in others to use antibiotics appropriately
  • Trust in doctors to prescribe antibiotics appropriately
  • Belief in public efforts to reduce threat of AMR

3.4.2 Exp2_WillingSelf:

One way to reduce antibiotic resistance is for people to avoid using antibiotics whenever possible, even when they feel sick. How willing do you think you would be to do this

Response scale (likert):

Very unwilling (1), Unwilling (2), Willing (3), Very willing (4)

label levels Cold Keep Total label levels Cold Keep Total
Total N (%) 491 (50.5) 481 (49.5) 972 Total N (%) 491 (50.5) 481 (49.5) 972
WillingOthers_1 1 29 (44.6) 36 (55.4) 65 (100) WO_1Fct Very unwilling 29 (44.6) 36 (55.4) 65 (100)
2 46 (38.7) 73 (61.3) 119 (100) Unwilling 46 (38.7) 73 (61.3) 119 (100)
3 218 (48.7) 230 (51.3) 448 (100) Willing 218 (48.7) 230 (51.3) 448 (100)
4 198 (58.6) 140 (41.4) 338 (100) Very willing 198 (58.6) 140 (41.4) 338 (100)
Group n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Overall 970 3.09 0.86 3 3.20 1.48 1 4 3 -0.82 0.17 0.03
Cold 491 3.19 0.84 3 3.31 1.48 1 4 3 -0.98 0.54 0.04
Keep 479 2.99 0.86 3 3.08 1.48 1 4 3 -0.68 -0.08 0.04

3.4.3 Exp2_WillingOthers:

One way to reduce antibiotic resistance is for people to avoid using antibiotics whenever possible, even when they feel sick. How willing do you think other people would be to do this.

Response scale (likert):

Very unwilling (1), Unwilling (2), Willing (3), Very willing (4)

WillingOthers_2 n percent valid_percent WillingOthers_2Fct n percent valid_percent
1 70 7.2% 7.2% Very unwilling 70 7.2% 7.2%
2 331 34.1% 34.3% Unwilling 331 34.1% 34.3%
3 438 45.1% 45.3% Willing 438 45.1% 45.3%
4 127 13.1% 13.1% Very willing 127 13.1% 13.1%
NA 6 0.6%
NA 6 0.6%
Total 972
Total 972
How willing do you think others are to avoid antibiotics when possible
n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
966 2.64 0.8 3 2.65 1.48 1 4 3 -0.13 -0.44 0.03

3.4.4 Exp2_ReduceAMR:

If most people avoided using antibiotics whenever possible, how much would this help reduce the threat of antibiotic resistance?

Response scale (likert):

Response scale: Not at all (1), Not very much (2), Somewhat (3), Very much (4).

ReduceAMR n percent ReduceAMRFct n percent
1 36 3.7% Not at all 36 3.7%
2 102 10.5% Not very much 102 10.5%
3 485 49.9% Somewhat 485 49.9%
4 349 35.9% Very much 349 35.9%
Total 972
Total 972
Would most people not using antibiotics when possible help reduce the threat of AMR
n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
972 3.18 0.76 3 3.27 1.48 1 4 3 -0.82 0.57 0.02

3.4.5 Exp2_TrustOthers:

Most people can be trusted to use antibiotics appropriately

Response scale (likert):

Strongly disagree (1), Disagree (2), Somewhat disagree (3), Somewhat agree (4), Agree (5), Strongly agree (6).

TrustPeopleAbx_1 n percent TrustPeopleAbx_1Fct n percent
1 64 6.6% Strongly disagree 64 6.6%
2 100 10.3% Disagree 100 10.3%
3 226 23.3% Somewhat disagree 226 23.3%
4 293 30.1% Somewhat agree 293 30.1%
5 200 20.6% Agree 200 20.6%
6 89 9.2% Strongly agree 89 9.2%
Total 972
Total 972
Other people can be trusted to use antibiotics appropriately
n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
972 3.75 1.32 4 3.78 1.48 1 6 5 -0.25 -0.5 0.04

3.4.6 Exp2_TrustDrs:

Doctors can be trusted to prescribe antibiotics appropriately

Response scale (likert):

Strongly disagree (1), Disagree (2), Somewhat disagree (3), Somewhat agree (4), Agree (5), Strongly agree (6).

TrustPeopleAbx_2 n percent valid_percent
1 25 2.6% 2.6%
2 42 4.3% 4.3%
3 126 13.0% 13.0%
4 307 31.6% 31.6%
5 289 29.7% 29.8%
6 181 18.6% 18.7%
NA 2 0.2%
Total 972
TrustPeopleAbx_2Fct n percent valid_percent
Strongly disagree 25 2.6% 2.6%
Disagree 42 4.3% 4.3%
Somewhat disagree 126 13.0% 13.0%
Somewhat agree 307 31.6% 31.6%
Agree 289 29.7% 29.8%
Strongly agree 181 18.6% 18.7%
NA 2 0.2%
Total 972
Doctors can be trusted to prescribe antibiotics appropriately
n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
970 4.38 1.2 4 4.47 1.48 1 6 5 -0.62 0.16 0.04

4 Experiment 3

4.1 Exp3: Overview

4.1.1 Description

In this experiment, respondents are asked to imagine a hypothetical situation where they are planning to have a non-urgent surgery (e.g., knee replacement or tonsils out) and their urine test during pre-surgery office visit comes back positive for bacteria though they do not have any symptoms of a urinary tract infection. Here we look at the impact of the educational tool we developed alongside a surgeon’s recommendation on respondents illness beliefs, antibiotic treatment preferences, and knowledge.

  • Group 1 (NoRecNoTool): No educational too provided and the surgeon DOES NOT give any recommendation.

  • Group 2 (NoRecYesTool): Given the educational too and the surgeon DOES NOT give any recommendation.

  • Group 3 (YesRecNoTool): No educational too provided and the surgeon RECOMMENDS antibiotics.

  • Group 4 (YesRecYesTool): Given the educational too and the surgeon RECOMMENDS antibiotics.

4.1.2 Messages

Introductory text (shown to all): “Please read the text below carefully and imagine that the situation described is real.”

  • Scenario:

    • Please read the text below carefully and imagine that the situation described is real.

      Imagine you are planning to have a non-urgent surgery, perhaps a knee replacement or getting your tonsils out. You are asked to provide a urine sample during your pre-surgery office visit. The urine test comes back positive for bacteria. You are surprised as you do not have any symptoms of a urinary tract infection.

      The surgeon comes in to see how you are feeling and talk with you about the surgery you have come in for. The surgeon explains the procedure, how long they expect it to take, and reviews your medical report and lab work.

      Based on the positive urine test result the surgeon recommends that you take a course of antibiotics.

      Before leaving the room, the surgeon gives you a handout with some information about urinary tract infections and antibiotics [shown on the next page].”

(Note: The text represents the scenario presented to Group 4 (Yes recommendation and Yes Tool). Italics indicate the text that was removed for Groups 1 and 2. Bold font indicates the text that was removed for groups 1 and 3

  • Educational tool:

4.2 Exp3: Group assignment

  • total should be N=500

    • Three groups of 166 [33%]
Actual:
All four groups
UTIGrp n percent
Exp3_NoRecNoTool 126 25.0%
Exp3_NoRecYesTool 118 23.4%
Exp3_YesRecNoTool 132 26.2%
Exp3_YesRecYesTool 128 25.4%
Total 504
No tool vs. Tool
Exp3_GroupFct n percent
No Tool 258 51.2%
Yes Tool 246 48.8%
Total 504

4.3 Exp3: Dependent variables

4.3.1

We had three primary dependent variables for Experiment 3.

  • Belief about UTI infection in scenario
  • Comfort not taking antibiotics in scenario
  • UTI knowledge

4.3.2 Exp3_haveUTI:

Based on this scenario, do you think that you have a urinary tract infection?

Response scale (categorical): No (1), Yes (2), Not sure (3).

Exp3_UTI n percent Exp3_UTIFct n percent
1 247 49.0% No 247 49.0%
2 124 24.6% Yes 124 24.6%
3 133 26.4% Not sure 133 26.4%
Total 504
Total 504

4.3.3 Exp3_comfortAbx:

How would you feel about NOT taking antibiotics in this situation?

Response scale (likert):

Very uncomfortable (1), Uncomfortable (2), Comfortable (3), Very comfortable (4).

Exp3_Comfort n percent Exp3_ComfortFct n percent
1 111 22.0% Very uncomfortable 111 22.0%
2 177 35.1% Uncomfortable 177 35.1%
3 160 31.7% Comfortable 160 31.7%
4 56 11.1% Very comfortable 56 11.1%
Total 504
Total 504
Comfort with NOT taking antibiotics in this situation
n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
504 2.32 0.94 2 2.27 1.48 1 4 3 0.13 -0.91 0.04

Exp3_comfortOpen:

“Could you tell us more about why you would feel that way?”

  • Only shown if “Very uncomfortable” or “uncomfortable” selected:

4.3.4 Exp3_UTIKnowledge:

Please indicate whether you agree or disagree with each statement.

  • If someone has bacteria in their urine that means that they have a urinary tract infection.
    • Correct response: disagree
  • Bacteria in the urine does not always need to be treated with antibiotics.
    • Correct response: agree
  • To confirm a bacterial urinary tract infection, you need to have both specific symptoms and a positive test for bacteria in the urine.
    • Correct response: agree
  • Symptoms like fever, confusion, feeling tired or dizzy, a change in color or smell of urine, or a fall could have many other causes and might not be a UTI.
    • Correct response: agree

Response scale (categorical):

Disagree (1), Agree (2), Not sure (3).

label levels No Tool Yes Tool Total
Total N (%) 258 (51.2) 246 (48.8) 504
Bacteria in urine means that you have a UTI Incorrect 223 (86.4) 134 (54.7) 357 (71.0)
Correct 35 (13.6) 111 (45.3) 146 (29.0)
Bacteria in urine does not always need ABXs Incorrect 167 (64.7) 78 (31.7) 245 (48.6)
Correct 91 (35.3) 168 (68.3) 259 (51.4)
Need specific symptoms & clinical test for UTI Incorrect 134 (51.9) 48 (19.6) 182 (36.2)
Correct 124 (48.1) 197 (80.4) 321 (63.8)
Nonspecific symptoms could have other causes than UTI Incorrect 106 (41.1) 50 (20.3) 156 (31.0)
Correct 152 (58.9) 196 (79.7) 348 (69.0)

Use this button to see the raw coding of knowledge items (1,2,3).

label levels No Tool Yes Tool Total
Total N (%) 258 (51.2) 246 (48.8) 504
Exp3_UTIKnow_1 1 35 (13.6) 111 (45.3) 146 (29.0)
2 88 (34.1) 91 (37.1) 179 (35.6)
3 135 (52.3) 43 (17.6) 178 (35.4)
Exp3_UTIKnow_2 1 52 (20.2) 37 (15.0) 89 (17.7)
2 91 (35.3) 168 (68.3) 259 (51.4)
3 115 (44.6) 41 (16.7) 156 (31.0)
Exp3_UTIKnow_3 1 40 (15.5) 24 (9.8) 64 (12.7)
2 124 (48.1) 197 (80.4) 321 (63.8)
3 94 (36.4) 24 (9.8) 118 (23.5)
Exp3_UTIKnow_4 1 22 (8.5) 17 (6.9) 39 (7.7)
2 152 (58.9) 196 (79.7) 348 (69.0)
3 84 (32.6) 33 (13.4) 117 (23.2)

Use this button to see recoding of knowledge items (disagree/agree/not sure).

label levels No Tool Yes Tool Total
Total N (%) 258 (51.2) 246 (48.8) 504
Bacteria in urine means that you have a UTI Disagree 35 (13.6) 111 (45.3) 146 (29.0)
Agree 88 (34.1) 91 (37.1) 179 (35.6)
Not sure 135 (52.3) 43 (17.6) 178 (35.4)
Bacteria in urine does not always need ABXs Disagree 52 (20.2) 37 (15.0) 89 (17.7)
Agree 91 (35.3) 168 (68.3) 259 (51.4)
Not sure 115 (44.6) 41 (16.7) 156 (31.0)
Need specific symptoms & clinical test for UTI Disagree 40 (15.5) 24 (9.8) 64 (12.7)
Agree 124 (48.1) 197 (80.4) 321 (63.8)
Not sure 94 (36.4) 24 (9.8) 118 (23.5)
Nonspecific symptoms could have other causes than UTI Disagree 22 (8.5) 17 (6.9) 39 (7.7)
Agree 152 (58.9) 196 (79.7) 348 (69.0)
Not sure 84 (32.6) 33 (13.4) 117 (23.2)

Use this button to see the corresponding figures.

4.4 Exp3: Secondary variables

4.4.1

We had 2 secondary variables for Experiment 3.

  • Feedback on the tool (shown only to those who saw it)
  • Prior antibiotic prescription for UTI

4.4.2 Exp3_ToolFeedback:

How would you describe the information you saw? + Shown only to those who saw the tool

Response scale:

  • Not at all useful (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very useful (6).
  • Very difficult to understand (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very easy to understand (6).
  • Very inaccurate (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very accurate (6).
  • Not at all relevant to me (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very relevant to me (6).
  • Not at all interesting to me (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very interesting to me (6).
  • Very badly designed (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very well designed (6).

Use this button to check that ratings only came from those in groups who saw the tool.

We should see that the “NoTool” groups have NAs for the six items equal to the group Ns
UTIGrp NA_ NA_ NA_ NA_ NA_ NA_
Exp3_NoRecNoTool 126 126 126 126 126 126
Exp3_NoRecYesTool 4 1 1 3 1 2
Exp3_YesRecNoTool 132 132 132 132 132 132
Exp3_YesRecYesTool 1 1 2 5 2 0
NA 972 972 972 972 972 972
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Useful 1 241 5.13 1.1 5 5.33 1.5 1 6 5 -1.39 1.63 0.1
Understand 1 244 4.92 1.3 5 5.12 1.5 1 6 5 -1.09 0.26 0.1
Accuracy 1 243 5.02 1.1 5 5.18 1.5 1 6 5 -1.20 1.40 0.1
Relevance 1 238 4.09 1.6 4 4.22 1.5 1 6 5 -0.43 -0.86 0.1
Interest 1 243 4.67 1.4 5 4.89 1.5 1 6 5 -0.97 0.08 0.1
Design 1 244 4.88 1.2 5 5.07 1.5 1 6 5 -1.11 0.98 0.1

4.4.3 Exp3_PrescABxUTI:

Have you ever been prescribed antibiotics for a urinary tract infection?

Response scale (categorical): No (1), Yes (2), I don’t know (3).

Exp3_UTIpriorAbx n percent Exp3_UTIpriorAbxFct n percent
1 302 59.9% No 302 59.9%
2 180 35.7% Yes 180 35.7%
3 22 4.4% I don’t know 22 4.4%
Total 504
Total 504

5 Course Lengths

5.1 When to stop a course

5.1.1

In this section we asked all respondents questions about the following topics:

  • Beliefs about when to stop taking a course of antibiotics
  • Messages on when to stop taking a course of antibiotics

5.1.2 CL_ToldStop:

When prescribed antibiotics for a bacterial infection, how would you feel if your clinician said that you should stop taking the antibiotics when you start to feel better?

Response scale:

  • Very uncomfortable (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very comfortable (6).
  • Very unsafe (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very safe (6).
  • Very confused (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), not at all confused (6).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Comfort 1 1458 3.788 1.9 4 3.860 3 1 6 5 -0.283 -1.385 0
Safety 1 1449 3.792 1.8 4 3.864 3 1 6 5 -0.282 -1.248 0
Confuse 1 1458 3.752 1.9 4 3.814 3 1 6 5 -0.224 -1.375 0

CL_ToldStopOpen:

Could you tell us why you would feel this way?

  • Shown to all

5.1.3 CL_ToldStopDr:

How would you feel about the clinician who told you that you should stop taking antibiotics when you start to feel better?

Response scale:

  • Not at all trustworthy (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very trustworthy (6).
  • Not at all knowledgeable (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very knowledgeable (6).
  • Not at all competent (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very competent (6).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Trustworthy 1 1460 3.703 1.9 4 3.754 3 1 6 5 -0.204 -1.384 0
Knowledgeable 1 1459 3.672 1.8 4 3.714 3 1 6 5 -0.175 -1.359 0
Competent 1 1467 3.711 1.8 4 3.763 3 1 6 5 -0.213 -1.344 0

5.1.4 CL_ToldStopEver:

Have you ever been told that you should stop taking antibiotics when you feel better?

Response scale (categorical):

No, I have never heard this advice before (1), Yes, I have been told this before (2), I’m not sure (3).

CL_ToldStopBefore n percent CL_ToldStopBeforeFct n percent
1 1019 69.0% No, I have never heard this before 1019 69.0%
2 258 17.5% Yes, I have heard this before 258 17.5%
3 199 13.5% I’m not sure 199 13.5%
Total 1476
Total 1476

CL_ToldStopWho: Please select all the sources you have heard this from?

  • From a medical professional [Please specify]
  • From a family member
  • From a friend
  • Not sure
  • Other [Please specify]

Response scale (categorical):

Yes (1), No (2).

label levels 0 1 Total
Total N (%) 20 (1.4) 1456 (98.6) 1476
Medical professional Yes 0 (0.0) 148 (65.2) 148 (64.9)
No 1 (100.0) 79 (34.8) 80 (35.1)
Family member Yes 1 (100.0) 128 (51.4) 129 (51.6)
No 0 (0.0) 121 (48.6) 121 (48.4)
Friend Yes 1 (100.0) 116 (46.4) 117 (46.6)
No 0 (0.0) 134 (53.6) 134 (53.4)
Not sure Yes 0 (0.0) 49 (20.3) 49 (20.2)
No 1 (100.0) 192 (79.7) 193 (79.8)
Other Yes 0 (0.0) 28 (13.2) 28 (13.1)
No 1 (100.0) 184 (86.8) 185 (86.9)

CL_ToldStopWhoOpen[Medical Professional]:

Could you specify which medical professional told you?

  • Shown only to those who selected they had been told by a medical professional

CL_ToldStopWhoOpen[Other]:

Could you specify who told you?

  • Shown only to those who selected other

Use this button to see the raw coding of knowledge items (1,2).

label levels 0 1 Total
Total N (%) 20 (1.4) 1456 (98.6) 1476
Medical professional 2 1 (100.0) 79 (34.8) 80 (35.1)
1 148 (65.2) 148 (64.9)
Family member 1 1 (100.0) 128 (51.4) 129 (51.6)
2 121 (48.6) 121 (48.4)
Friend 1 1 (100.0) 116 (46.4) 117 (46.6)
2 134 (53.6) 134 (53.4)
Not sure 2 1 (100.0) 192 (79.7) 193 (79.8)
1 49 (20.3) 49 (20.2)
Other 2 1 (100.0) 184 (86.8) 185 (86.9)
1 28 (13.2) 28 (13.1)

5.1.5 CL_AlwaysFinish:

Even if you start to feel better, it is important to always finish a prescribed course of antibiotics..

Response scale (likert):

Strongly disagree (1), Disagree (2), Somewhat disagree (3), Somewhat agree (4), Agree (5), Strongly agree (6), Not sure (7).

CL_AlwaysFinish n percent CL_AlwaysFinishFct n percent
1 26 1.8% Strongly disagree 26 1.8%
2 38 2.6% Disagree 38 2.6%
3 68 4.6% Somewhat disagree 68 4.6%
4 217 14.7% Somewhat agree 217 14.7%
5 321 21.7% Agree 321 21.7%
6 767 52.0% Strongly agree 767 52.0%
7 39 2.6% Not sure 39 2.6%
Total 1476
Total 1476
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Always finish 1 1476 5.19 1.2 6 5.39 0 1 7 6 -1.4 1.8 0.03

5.1.6 CL_Worry:

How concerned are you that if you don’t finish a course of antibiotics, they won’t work for you in the future?

Response scale (likert):

Not at all concerned (1), Slightly concerned (2), Somewhat concerned (3), Moderately concerned (4), Extremely concerned (5), Not sure (6).

CL_FutureWorry n percent CL_FutureWorryFct n percent
1 245 16.6% Not at all concerned 245 16.6%
2 186 12.6% Slightly concerned 186 12.6%
3 266 18.0% Somewhat concerned 266 18.0%
4 344 23.3% Moderately concerned 344 23.3%
5 315 21.3% Extremely concerned 315 21.3%
6 120 8.1% Not sure 120 8.1%
Total 1476
Total 1476
Concern that if you don’t finish a course of antibiotics, they won’t work for you in the future
n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
1476 3.45 1.55 4 3.46 1.48 1 6 5 -0.17 -1.07 0.04

5.1.7 CL_ToldFinish:

Have you ever heard any public health messages to ‘always finish a course of antibiotics even if you feel better’? (e.g., in commercials, leaflets, or posters)

Response scale (categorical):

No, I have never heard this before (1), Yes, I have heard this before (2), I’m not sure (3).

CL_PublicFinish n percent CL_PublicFinishFct n percent
1 330 22.4% No, I have never heard this before 330 22.4%
2 908 61.5% Yes, I have heard this before 908 61.5%
3 238 16.1% I’m not sure 238 16.1%
Total 1476
Total 1476

CL_PublicFinishOpen:

“Could you please write any places you can remember where you heard it?”

  • Only shown to those who said they have heard this advice before

5.1.8 CL_DrFinish:

Have you ever been told by a medical professional to ‘always finish a course of antibiotics even if you feel better’?

Response scale (categorical):

No, I have never heard this advice before (1), Yes, I have been told this before (2), I’m not sure (3).

CL_DrFinish n percent valid_percent CL_DrFinishFct n percent valid_percent
1 202 13.7% 13.7% No, I have never heard this before 202 13.7% 13.7%
2 1126 76.3% 76.4% Yes, I have heard this before 1126 76.3% 76.4%
3 146 9.9% 9.9% I’m not sure 146 9.9% 9.9%
NA 2 0.1%
NA 2 0.1%
Total 1476
Total 1476

CL_DrFinishOpen:

“Could you please write the type of professional who told you (e.g., a primary care clinician, pharmacists, nurse etc.)?”

  • Only shown to those who said they have heard this advice before

5.2 Long vs Short courses

5.2.1

We then asked all respondents questions about the following topics:

  • Efficacy and safety of short vs long courses
  • Preferences for short or long courses
  • Trust in Dr recommendations and side effect concerns

5.2.2 CL_Safety&Efficacy:

Q1: “By moving the scale point to the left or right, please indicate which antibiotic course lengths you think are most effective at treating bacterial respiratory infections (e.g., pneumonia)?”

Q2: “By moving the scale point to the left or right, please indicate which antibiotic course lengths you think are safer for treating bacterial respiratory infections (e.g., pneumonia)?”

Response scale (slider):

Q1: Short courses (3-5 days) are most effective (0), — Long course (7+ days) are most effective (100).

Q2: Short courses (3-5 days) are safer (0), — Long course (7+ days) are safer (100).

Variable n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Efficacy 1474 66.78 28.10 71 69.77 31.13 0 100 100 -0.66 -0.44 0.73
Safety 1470 65.81 28.43 71 68.61 31.13 0 100 100 -0.60 -0.56 0.74

5.2.3 CL_Preference:

Which antibiotic course length would you feel most comfortable taking for a bacterial respiratory infection (e.g., pneumonia)?

Response scale (categorical): Short courses (3-5 days) (1), Long courses (7+ days) (2).

CL_Pref n percent valid_percent CL_PrefFct n percent valid_percent
1 583 39.5% 39.5% Short 583 39.5% 39.5%
2 892 60.4% 60.5% Long 892 60.4% 60.5%
NA 1 0.1%
NA 1 0.1%
Total 1476
Total 1476

CL_PrefShortOpen:

Could you tell us why you would feel most comfortable taking short courses?

  • Shown only to those who selected they would prefer short courses

CL_PrefLongOpen:

Could you tell us why you would feel most comfortable taking long courses?

  • Shown only to those who selected they would prefer long courses

5.2.4 CL_TrustDr:

I completely trust my doctor’s advice about the length of antibiotic course I should take.

Response scale (likert):

Strongly disagree (1), Disagree (2), Somewhat disagree (3), Somewhat agree (4), Agree (5), Strongly agree (6).

CL_Trust n percent CL_TrustFct n percent
1 19 1.3% Strongly disagree 19 1.3%
2 25 1.7% Disagree 25 1.7%
3 61 4.1% Somewhat disagree 61 4.1%
4 336 22.8% Somewhat agree 336 22.8%
5 630 42.7% Agree 630 42.7%
6 405 27.4% Strongly agree 405 27.4%
Total 1476
Total 1476
Trust in doctor’s advice about antibiotic course lengths
n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
1476 4.86 1 5 4.97 1.48 1 6 5 -1.13 2.01 0.03

5.2.5 CL_SideEffectWorry:

How concerned are you about experiencing short-term side effects from taking antibiotics?

Response scale (likert):

Not at all concerned (1), Slightly concerned (2), Somewhat concerned (3), Moderately concerned (4), Extremely concerned (5), Not sure (6).

CL_SideEffectWorry n percent valid_percent CL_SideEffectWorryFct n percent valid_percent
1 308 20.9% 20.9% Not at all concerned 308 20.9% 20.9%
2 323 21.9% 21.9% Slightly concerned 323 21.9% 21.9%
3 290 19.6% 19.7% Somewhat concerned 290 19.6% 19.7%
4 286 19.4% 19.4% Moderately concerned 286 19.4% 19.4%
5 224 15.2% 15.2% Extremely concerned 224 15.2% 15.2%
6 44 3.0% 3.0% Not sure 44 3.0% 3.0%
NA 1 0.1%
NA 1 0.1%
Total 1476
Total 1476
Concern about experiencing short-term side effects from taking antibiotics
n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
1475 2.95 1.46 3 2.9 1.48 1 6 5 0.21 -1.07 0.04

5.2.6 CL_LongEffectWorry:

How concerned are you about experiencing long-term side effects from taking antibiotics?

Response scale (likert):

Not at all concerned (1), Slightly concerned (2), Somewhat concerned (3), Moderately concerned (4), Extremely concerned (5), Not sure (6).

CL_LongEffectWorry n percent valid_percent CL_LongEffectWorryFct n percent valid_percent
1 294 19.9% 19.9% Not at all concerned 294 19.9% 19.9%
2 310 21.0% 21.0% Slightly concerned 310 21.0% 21.0%
3 225 15.2% 15.3% Somewhat concerned 225 15.2% 15.3%
4 261 17.7% 17.7% Moderately concerned 261 17.7% 17.7%
5 336 22.8% 22.8% Extremely concerned 336 22.8% 22.8%
6 49 3.3% 3.3% Not sure 49 3.3% 3.3%
NA 1 0.1%
NA 1 0.1%
Total 1476
Total 1476
Concern about experiencing long-term side effects from taking antibiotics
n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
1475 3.12 1.54 3 3.11 1.48 1 6 5 0.06 -1.31 0.04

6 Antibiotic Allergies

6.1 Respondent allergy rates

6.1.1

We first asked questions about the prevalence of antibiotic allergies among respondents:

  • For themselves and any children (<18) they were primary caregivers for

6.1.2 AA_Parent:

Are you a parent or step-parent or primary caregiver of any children under the age of 18?

Response scale (categorical): No (1), Yes (2).

AA_Parent n percent AA_ParentFct n percent
1 1119 75.8% No 1119 75.8%
2 357 24.2% Yes 357 24.2%
Total 1476
Total 1476

6.1.3 AA_History:

Do you have an allergy to any antibiotics (e.g., a penicillin allergy)?

  • Only asked to those who said “No” to the first parent question.

Response scale (categorical): No (1), Yes (2).

AA_History n percent valid_percent AA_HistoryFct n percent valid_percent
1 908 61.5% 81.2% No 908 61.5% 81.2%
2 150 10.2% 13.4% Yes, I have an antibiotic allergy 150 10.2% 13.4%
3 60 4.1% 5.4% Not sure 60 4.1% 5.4%
NA 358 24.3%
NA 358 24.3%
Total 1476
Total 1476

6.1.4 AA_ParentHistory:

Do you (or any child you are a primary caregiver for) have an allergy to any antibiotics (e.g., a penicillin allergy)?

  • Only asked to those who said “Yes” to the first parent question.

Response scale (categorical):

No (1), Yes, I have an antibiotic allergy, but none of my children do (2), Yes, a child I am a primary caregiver for has an antibiotic allergy, but I do not (3), Yes, both I and a child I am a primary caregiver for have an antibiotic allergy (4), Not sure (5).

AA_ParentHistory n percent valid_percent AA_ParentHistoryFct n percent valid_percent
1 272 18.4% 76.2% No 272 18.4% 76.2%
2 29 2.0% 8.1% Yes I do but none of my children do 29 2.0% 8.1%
3 24 1.6% 6.7% Yes child I’m primary caregiver for does but I dont 24 1.6% 6.7%
4 14 0.9% 3.9% Yes both I and child I’m primary caregiver for do 14 0.9% 3.9%
5 18 1.2% 5.0% Not sure 18 1.2% 5.0%
NA 1119 75.8%
NA 1119 75.8%
Total 1476
Total 1476

6.1.5 AA_CombinedRates:

  • Do you have an allergy to any antibiotics (e.g., a penicillin allergy)?
df$PersonalAllergyFct n percent
No allergy [personal] 1283 86.9%
Yes allergy [personal] 193 13.1%
Total 1476 100.0%
  • Do you or a child you are a primary caregiver for have an allergy to any antibiotics (e.g., a penicillin allergy)?
df$PersonalOrParentAllergyFct n percent
No allergy [personal or child] 1259 85.3%
Yes allergy [personal or child] 217 14.7%
Total 1476 100.0%

6.2 Adult Allergies 1

6.2.1

Adult respondents who reported having an antibiotic allergy were then asked about:

  • Their allergy (type, origin, severity)

6.2.2 AA_Type:

Please select your antibiotic allergy(ies)?

Response scale (categorical): Penicillin (1), Sulfa (2), Other (3).

AA_Type n percent valid_percent
1 106 7.2% 54.9%
1,2 14 0.9% 7.3%
1,2,3 3 0.2% 1.6%
1,3 5 0.3% 2.6%
2 33 2.2% 17.1%
3 32 2.2% 16.6%
NA 1283 86.9%
Total 1476
AA_TypeFct n percent valid_percent
Penicillin 106 7.2% 54.9%
Sulfa 33 2.2% 17.1%
Other 32 2.2% 16.6%
Penicllin, Sulfa, and other 3 0.2% 1.6%
Penicllin and Sulfa 14 0.9% 7.3%
Penicllin and other 5 0.3% 2.6%
Sulfa and other 0 0.0% 0.0%
NA 1283 86.9%
Total 1476

AA_TypeOpen:

Please Specify

  • Shown only to those who selected ‘Other’

6.2.3 AA_Origin:

How did you learn about your antibiotic allergy(ies)?

  • I remember experiencing the allergy.

  • My family doctor told me.

  • I was told by a pharmacist.

  • I had a positive test during a hospital stay.

  • A family member told me.

  • Other [Please specify].

Response scale (categorical):

No (1), Yes (2).

label levels 0 1 Total
Total N (%) 2 (1.0) 191 (99.0) 193
I remember experiencing the allergy No 0 (0.0) 37 (20.7) 37 (20.4)
Yes 2 (100.0) 142 (79.3) 144 (79.6)
My family doctor told me No 0 (0.0) 78 (44.6) 78 (44.1)
Yes 2 (100.0) 97 (55.4) 99 (55.9)
I was told by a pharmacist No 0 (0.0) 136 (80.0) 136 (79.1)
Yes 2 (100.0) 34 (20.0) 36 (20.9)
Positive test during a hospital stay No 0 (0.0) 122 (70.9) 122 (70.1)
Yes 2 (100.0) 50 (29.1) 52 (29.9)
A family member told me No 0 (0.0) 118 (68.2) 118 (67.4)
Yes 2 (100.0) 55 (31.8) 57 (32.6)
Other No 0 (0.0) 69 (81.2) 69 (80.2)
Yes 1 (100.0) 16 (18.8) 17 (19.8)

AA_OriginOpen:

How did you learn about your antibiotic allergy(ies)?

  • Text response for those who said they learnt some other way

6.2.4 AA_Severity:

How severe would you describe you antibiotic allergy(ies)?

Response scale (likert):

Mild (1), Moderate (2), Severe (3), Life-threatening (4)

AA_Severity n percent valid_percent
1 31 2.1% 16.1%
2 89 6.0% 46.1%
3 52 3.5% 26.9%
4 21 1.4% 10.9%
NA 1283 86.9%
Total 1476
AA_SeverityFct n percent valid_percent
Mild 31 2.1% 16.1%
Moderate 89 6.0% 46.1%
Severe 52 3.5% 26.9%
LifeThreatening 21 1.4% 10.9%
NA 1283 86.9%
Total 1476

6.3 Adult Allergies 2

6.3.1

Adult respondents who reported having an antibiotic allergy were then asked about:

  • Hypothetically being asked to try a small dose | being asked to take a skin scratch test
  • Hypotherically getting a negative test | having their allergy removed | readding a removed allergy

6.3.2 AA_TryDose:

If a doctor recommended that you try a small dose of an antibiotic to check whether you still have an allergy, how willing would you be to do so?

Response scale (likert):

Very unwilling (1), Unwilling (2), Willing (3), Very willing (4)

AA_TryDose n percent valid_percent AA_TryDoseFct n percent valid_percent
1 41 2.8% 21.2% Very unwilling 41 2.8% 21.2%
2 63 4.3% 32.6% Unwilling 63 4.3% 32.6%
3 67 4.5% 34.7% Willing 67 4.5% 34.7%
4 22 1.5% 11.4% Very willing 22 1.5% 11.4%
NA 1283 86.9%
NA 1283 86.9%
Total 1476
Total 1476

AA_TryFeel: “How would you feel about being asked to try a small dose of an antibiotic?”

Response scale:

  • Very uncomfortable (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very comfortable (6).
  • Very unsafe (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very safe (6).
  • Very confused (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), not at all confused (6).
  • Very worried (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), not at all worried (6).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Comfort 1 193 3.181 1.8 3 3.103 3 1 6 5 0.113 -1.355 0.1
Safety 1 189 3.122 1.7 3 3.039 3 1 6 5 0.127 -1.244 0.1
Confuse 1 188 3.298 1.8 3 3.250 3 1 6 5 0.038 -1.315 0.1
Worry 1 190 3.026 1.7 3 2.908 3 1 6 5 0.229 -1.254 0.1

AA_TryDrFeel: How would you feel about the doctor who asked you to try a small dose of an antibiotic?

Response scale:

  • Not at all trustworthy (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very trustworthy (6).
  • Not at all knowledgeable (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very knowledgeable (6).
  • Not at all competent (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very competent (6).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Trustworthy 1 193 3.326 1.8 3 3.284 3.0 1 6 5 0.035 -1.328 0.1
Knowledgeable 1 190 3.332 1.7 3 3.289 3.0 1 6 5 0.007 -1.303 0.1
Competent 1 192 3.406 1.8 4 3.383 1.5 1 6 5 -0.079 -1.360 0.1

6.3.3 AA_TryTest:

If a doctor recommended that you try a skin scratch test to check whether you still have an allergy, how willing would you be to do so?

Response scale (likert):

Very unwilling (1), Unwilling (2), Willing (3), Very willing (4)

AA_TryTest n percent valid_percent
1 12 0.8% 6.2%
2 24 1.6% 12.4%
3 99 6.7% 51.3%
4 58 3.9% 30.1%
NA 1283 86.9%
Total 1476
AA_TryTestFct n percent valid_percent
Very unwilling 12 0.8% 6.2%
Unwilling 24 1.6% 12.4%
Willing 99 6.7% 51.3%
Very willing 58 3.9% 30.1%
NA 1283 86.9%
Total 1476

AA_TestFeel: How would you feel about being asked to take a skin scratch test?

Response scale:

  • Very uncomfortable (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very comfortable (6).
  • Very unsafe (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very safe (6).
  • Very confused (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), not at all confused (6).
  • Very worried (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), not at all worried (6).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Comfort 1 193 4.104 1.6 4 4.252 1.5 1 6 5 -0.460 -0.889 0.1
Safety 1 192 4.260 1.5 4 4.429 1.5 1 6 5 -0.627 -0.504 0.1
Confuse 1 193 4.181 1.6 4 4.323 1.5 1 6 5 -0.506 -0.799 0.1
Worry 1 191 4.178 1.5 4 4.314 1.5 1 6 5 -0.536 -0.696 0.1

AA_TestFeelOpen:

Could you tell us why you would feel this way after being to take a skin scratch test to check whether you still have an allergy?

  • Open response

AA_TryDrFeel: How would you feel about the doctor who asked you to take a skin scratch test?

Response scale:

  • Not at all trustworthy (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very trustworthy (6).
  • Not at all knowledgeable (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very knowledgeable (6).
  • Not at all competent (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very competent (6).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Trustworthy 1 193 4.275 1.5 5 4.432 1.5 1 6 5 -0.645 -0.551 0.1
Knowledgeable 1 191 4.262 1.5 4 4.405 1.5 1 6 5 -0.567 -0.590 0.1
Competent 1 191 4.257 1.5 4 4.412 1.5 1 6 5 -0.612 -0.525 0.1

6.3.4 AA_NegTest:

If a doctor told you that you had a negative test, how willing would you be to accept the result?

Response scale (likert):

Very unwilling (1), Unwilling (2), Willing (3), Very willing (4)

AA_NegTest n percent valid_percent
1 10 0.7% 5.2%
2 35 2.4% 18.1%
3 105 7.1% 54.4%
4 43 2.9% 22.3%
NA 1283 86.9%
Total 1476
AA_NegTestFct n percent valid_percent
Very unwilling 10 0.7% 5.2%
Unwilling 35 2.4% 18.1%
Willing 105 7.1% 54.4%
Very willing 43 2.9% 22.3%
NA 1283 86.9%
Total 1476

AA_NegTestOpen:

Could you tell us why you would not be willing to accept your test result?

  • Text response for those who selected “Unwilling” or “Very unwilling”

AA_NegFeel: How would you getting a negative result make you feel?

Response scale:

  • Very uncomfortable (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very comfortable (6).
  • Very unsafe (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very safe (6).
  • Very confused (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), not at all confused (6).
  • Very worried (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), not at all worried (6).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Comfort 1 192 4.328 1.4 5 4.481 1.5 1 6 5 -0.637 -0.341 0.1
Safety 1 193 4.249 1.5 5 4.381 1.5 1 6 5 -0.547 -0.653 0.1
Confuse 1 193 4.124 1.6 4 4.277 1.5 1 6 5 -0.468 -0.899 0.1
Worry 1 193 4.207 1.6 4 4.361 1.5 1 6 5 -0.542 -0.791 0.1

AA_NegDrTestFeel: How would you feel about the doctor who asked you to take the test?

Response scale:

  • Not at all trustworthy (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very trustworthy (6).
  • Not at all knowledgeable (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very knowledgeable (6).
  • Not at all competent (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very competent (6).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Trustworthy 1 192 4.458 1.4 5 4.623 1.5 1 6 5 -0.757 -0.167 0.1
Knowledgeable 1 192 4.443 1.4 5 4.610 1.5 1 6 5 -0.725 -0.361 0.1
Competent 1 192 4.438 1.4 5 4.604 1.5 1 6 5 -0.662 -0.411 0.1

6.3.5 AA_Remove:

How willing would you be to have your allergy removed from your medical record?

Response scale (likert):

Very unwilling (1), Unwilling (2), Willing (3), Very willing (4)

AA_Remove n percent valid_percent
1 30 2.0% 15.5%
2 55 3.7% 28.5%
3 85 5.8% 44.0%
4 23 1.6% 11.9%
NA 1283 86.9%
Total 1476
AA_RemoveFct n percent valid_percent
Very unwilling 30 2.0% 15.5%
Unwilling 55 3.7% 28.5%
Willing 85 5.8% 44.0%
Very willing 23 1.6% 11.9%
NA 1283 86.9%
Total 1476

AA_RemoveOpen:

Could you tell us why you would not be willing to have your allergy removed?

  • Text response shown to those who selected “Unwilling” or “Very unwilling”

AA_RemoveFeel: How would you the recommendation remove your allergy make you feel?

Response scale:

  • Very uncomfortable (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very comfortable (6).
  • Very unsafe (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very safe (6).
  • Very confused (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), not at all confused (6).
  • Very worried (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), not at all worried (6).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Comfort 1 192 3.552 1.7 4.0 3.565 1.5 1 6 5 -0.092 -1.289 0.1
Safety 1 192 3.568 1.7 3.5 3.584 2.2 1 6 5 -0.065 -1.236 0.1
Confuse 1 193 3.653 1.8 4.0 3.690 1.5 1 6 5 -0.135 -1.293 0.1
Worry 1 193 3.611 1.7 4.0 3.639 1.5 1 6 5 -0.137 -1.176 0.1

AA_DrRemoveFeel:

How would you feel about the doctor who asked you to remove your allergy?

Response scale:

  • Not at all trustworthy (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very trustworthy (6).
  • Not at all knowledgeable (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very knowledgeable (6).
  • Not at all competent (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very competent (6).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Trustworthy 1 191 3.812 1.6 4 3.889 1.5 1 6 5 -0.278 -1.055 0.1
Knowledgeable 1 191 3.859 1.7 4 3.948 1.5 1 6 5 -0.327 -1.022 0.1
Competent 1 193 3.917 1.7 4 4.019 1.5 1 6 5 -0.390 -0.998 0.1

6.3.6 AA_ReAdd:

How likely would you be to try and get your allergy to be added back onto your medical record in the future?

Response scale (likert):

Definitely WOULD NOT (1), Probably WOULD NOT (2), Probably WOULD (3), Definitely WOULD (4)

AA_ReAdd n percent valid_percent AA_ReAddFct n percent valid_percent
1 15 1.0% 7.8% Definitely WOULD NOT 15 1.0% 7.8%
2 55 3.7% 28.5% Probably WOULD NOT 55 3.7% 28.5%
3 80 5.4% 41.5% Probably WOULD 80 5.4% 41.5%
4 43 2.9% 22.3% Definitely WOULD 43 2.9% 22.3%
NA 1283 86.9%
NA 1283 86.9%
Total 1476
Total 1476

6.4 Child Allergies 1

6.4.1

Adult respondents who reported being a primary caregiver for a child who has an antibiotic allergy were then asked about:

  • Their child’s allergy (type, origin, severity)

6.4.2 AA_ChildType:

Please select your child’s antibiotic allergy(ies)?

Response scale (categorical): Penicillin (1), Sulfa (2), Other (3).

AA_ChildType n percent valid_percent
1 25 1.7% 65.8%
1,2 1 0.1% 2.6%
2 8 0.5% 21.1%
3 4 0.3% 10.5%
NA 1438 97.4%
Total 1476
AA_ChildTypeFct n percent valid_percent
Penicillin 25 1.7% 65.8%
Sulfa 8 0.5% 21.1%
Other 4 0.3% 10.5%
Penicllin, Sulfa, and other 0 0.0% 0.0%
Penicllin and Sulfa 1 0.1% 2.6%
Penicllin and other 0 0.0% 0.0%
Sulfa and other 0 0.0% 0.0%
NA 1438 97.4%
Total 1476

AA_ChildTypeOpen: Please select your child’s antibiotic allergy(ies)?

Please Specify

  • Shown only to those who selected ‘Other’ for their child’s allergy

6.4.3 AA_ChildOrigin:

How did you learn about your child’s antibiotic allergy(ies)?

Response scale (categorical):

Family doctor told me (1), I was told by a pharmacist (2), Child had a positive test during a hospital stay (3), A family member told me (4), I haven’t been told but remember my child experiencing the allergy (5), Other (6).

label levels 1 Total
Total N (%) 38 (100.0) 38
I remember my child experiencing the allergy No 6 (16.2) 6 (16.2)
Yes 31 (83.8) 31 (83.8)
My family doctor told me No 7 (18.4) 7 (18.4)
Yes 31 (81.6) 31 (81.6)
I was told by a pharmacist No 25 (65.8) 25 (65.8)
Yes 13 (34.2) 13 (34.2)
My child had a positive test during a hospital stay No 24 (63.2) 24 (63.2)
Yes 14 (36.8) 14 (36.8)
A family member told me No 27 (71.1) 27 (71.1)
Yes 11 (28.9) 11 (28.9)
Other No 23 (82.1) 23 (82.1)
Yes 5 (17.9) 5 (17.9)

AA_ChildOriginOpen:

How did you learn about your antibiotic allergy(ies)?

  • Text response for those who said they learnt some other way

6.4.4 AA_ChildSeverity:

How severe would you describe your child’s antibiotic allergy(ies)?

Response scale (likert):

Mild (1), Moderate (2), Severe (3), Life-threatening (4)

AA_ChildSeverity n percent valid_percent
1 5 0.3% 13.2%
2 26 1.8% 68.4%
3 5 0.3% 13.2%
4 2 0.1% 5.3%
NA 1438 97.4%
Total 1476
AA_ChildSeverityFct n percent valid_percent
Mild 5 0.3% 13.2%
Moderate 26 1.8% 68.4%
Severe 5 0.3% 13.2%
LifeThreatening 2 0.1% 5.3%
NA 1438 97.4%
Total 1476

6.5 Child Allergies 2

6.5.1

Adult respondents who reported being a primary caregiver for a child who has an antibiotic allergy were then asked about hypothetically:

  • Being asked for their child to try a small dose | to take a skin scratch test
  • Their child getting a negative test | having their allergy removed | readding a removed allergy

6.5.2 AA_ChildTryDose:

If a doctor recommended that your child try a small dose of an antibiotic to check whether you still have an allergy, how willing would you be for your child to do so?

Response scale (likert):

Very unwilling (1), Unwilling (2), Willing (3), Very willing (4)

AA_ChildTryDose n percent valid_percent
1 4 0.3% 10.5%
2 8 0.5% 21.1%
3 20 1.4% 52.6%
4 6 0.4% 15.8%
NA 1438 97.4%
Total 1476
AA_ChildTryDoseFct n percent valid_percent
Very unwilling 4 0.3% 10.5%
Unwilling 8 0.5% 21.1%
Willing 20 1.4% 52.6%
Very willing 6 0.4% 15.8%
NA 1438 97.4%
Total 1476

AA_ChildTryFeel: How would you feel about your child being asked to try a small dose of an antibiotic?

Response scale:

  • Very uncomfortable (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very comfortable (6).
  • Very unsafe (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very safe (6).
  • Very confused (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), not at all confused (6).
  • Very worried (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), not at all worried (6).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Comfort 1 38 3.947 1.8 4 4.031 3.0 1 6 5 -0.284 -1.333 0.3
Safety 1 38 4.079 1.7 4 4.188 1.5 1 6 5 -0.518 -0.917 0.3
Confuse 1 38 3.842 1.7 4 3.906 1.5 1 6 5 -0.096 -1.189 0.3
Worry 1 38 3.789 1.7 4 3.844 1.5 1 6 5 -0.243 -1.075 0.3

AA_ChildTryDrFeel: How would you feel about the doctor who asked your child to try a small dose of an antibiotic?

Response scale:

  • Not at all trustworthy (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very trustworthy (6).
  • Not at all knowledgeable (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very knowledgeable (6).
  • Not at all competent (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very competent (6).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Trustworthy 1 38 3.947 1.6 4 4.031 1.5 1 6 5 -0.310 -1.082 0.3
Knowledgeable 1 38 3.868 1.7 4 3.938 1.5 1 6 5 -0.371 -1.213 0.3
Competent 1 38 4.000 1.7 4 4.094 1.5 1 6 5 -0.402 -1.135 0.3

6.5.3 AA_ChildTryTest:

If a doctor recommended that your child try skin scratch test to check whether you still have an allergy, how willing would you be for your child to do so?

Response scale (likert):

Very unwilling (1), Unwilling (2), Willing (3), Very willing (4)

AA_ChildTryTest n percent valid_percent
1 1 0.1% 2.6%
2 3 0.2% 7.9%
3 17 1.2% 44.7%
4 17 1.2% 44.7%
NA 1438 97.4%
Total 1476
AA_ChildTryTestFct n percent valid_percent
Very unwilling 1 0.1% 2.6%
Unwilling 3 0.2% 7.9%
Willing 17 1.2% 44.7%
Very willing 17 1.2% 44.7%
NA 1438 97.4%
Total 1476

AA_ChildTestFeel: How would you feel about your child being asked to try a skin scratch test?

Response scale:

  • Very uncomfortable (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very comfortable (6).
  • Very unsafe (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very safe (6).
  • Very confused (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), not at all confused (6).
  • Very worried (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), not at all worried (6).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Comfort 1 38 4.474 1.4 5 4.562 1.5 1 6 5 -0.437 -0.824 0.2
Safety 1 38 4.447 1.5 5 4.594 1.5 1 6 5 -0.578 -0.797 0.2
Confuse 1 38 4.447 1.6 5 4.594 1.5 1 6 5 -0.745 -0.681 0.3
Worry 1 38 4.474 1.6 5 4.625 1.5 1 6 5 -0.661 -0.883 0.3

AA_ChildTestFeelOpen:

Could you tell us why you would feel this way after being asked for your child to take a skin scratch test to check whether they still have an allergy?

  • Text response

AA_ChildTestDrFeel: How would you feel about the doctor who asked your child to take a skin scratch test?

Response scale:

  • Not at all trustworthy (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very trustworthy (6).
  • Not at all knowledgeable (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very knowledgeable (6).
  • Not at all competent (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very competent (6).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Trustworthy 1 38 4.526 1.3 5 4.562 1.5 2 6 4 -0.174 -1.446 0.2
Knowledgeable 1 38 4.711 1.2 5 4.750 1.5 3 6 3 -0.250 -1.453 0.2
Competent 1 38 4.684 1.2 5 4.750 1.5 2 6 4 -0.523 -1.014 0.2

6.5.4 AA_ChildNegTest:

If a doctor told you that your child had a negative test, how willing would you be to accept the result?

Response scale (likert):

Very unwilling (1), Unwilling (2), Willing (3), Very willing (4)

AA_ChildNegTest n percent valid_percent
1 1 0.1% 2.6%
2 8 0.5% 21.1%
3 13 0.9% 34.2%
4 16 1.1% 42.1%
NA 1438 97.4%
Total 1476
AA_ChildNegTestFct n percent valid_percent
Very unwilling 1 0.1% 2.6%
Unwilling 8 0.5% 21.1%
Willing 13 0.9% 34.2%
Very willing 16 1.1% 42.1%
NA 1438 97.4%
Total 1476

AA_ChildNegTestOpen:

Could you tell us why you would not be willing to accept your test result?

  • Text response for those who selected “Unwilling” or “Very unwillling”

AA_ChildNegTestFeel: How would your child getting a negative test result make you feel?

Response scale:

  • Very uncomfortable (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very comfortable (6).
  • Very unsafe (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very safe (6).
  • Very confused (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), not at all confused (6).
  • Very worried (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), not at all worried (6).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Comfort 1 38 4.447 1.4 4.5 4.531 2.2 1 6 5 -0.385 -0.851 0.2
Safety 1 38 4.526 1.5 5.0 4.656 1.5 1 6 5 -0.577 -0.854 0.2
Confuse 1 38 4.421 1.6 5.0 4.562 1.5 1 6 5 -0.531 -0.979 0.3
Worry 1 38 4.263 1.6 4.5 4.375 2.2 1 6 5 -0.471 -0.973 0.3

AA_ChildNegTestDrFeel: How would you feel about the doctor who asked your child to take the test?

Response scale:

  • Not at all trustworthy (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very trustworthy (6).
  • Not at all knowledgeable (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very knowledgeable (6).
  • Not at all competent (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very competent (6).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Trustworthy 1 38 4.526 1.4 5 4.656 1.5 1 6 5 -0.676 -0.622 0.2
Knowledgeable 1 38 4.500 1.4 5 4.625 1.5 1 6 5 -0.676 -0.538 0.2
Competent 1 38 4.632 1.4 5 4.781 1.5 1 6 5 -0.720 -0.538 0.2

6.5.5 AA_ChildRemove:

How willing would you be to have your child’s allergy removed from their medical record?

Response scale (likert):

Very unwilling (1), Unwilling (2), Willing (3), Very willing (4)

AA_ChildRemove n percent valid_percent
1 3 0.2% 7.9%
2 8 0.5% 21.1%
3 14 0.9% 36.8%
4 13 0.9% 34.2%
NA 1438 97.4%
Total 1476
AA_ChildRemoveFct n percent valid_percent
Very unwilling 3 0.2% 7.9%
Unwilling 8 0.5% 21.1%
Willing 14 0.9% 36.8%
Very willing 13 0.9% 34.2%
NA 1438 97.4%
Total 1476

AA_ChildRemoveOpen:

Could you tell us why you would not be willing to have your child’s allergy removed?

  • Text response for those who selected “Unwilling” or “Very unwilling”

AA_ChildNegTestFeel: How would the recommendation to remove your child’s allergy make you feel?

Response scale:

  • Very uncomfortable (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very comfortable (6).
  • Very unsafe (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very safe (6).
  • Very confused (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), not at all confused (6).
  • Very worried (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), not at all worried (6).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Comfort 1 38 3.921 1.9 4 4.000 3.0 1 6 5 -0.278 -1.421 0.3
Safety 1 38 4.105 1.8 4 4.219 3.0 1 6 5 -0.377 -1.310 0.3
Confuse 1 38 4.000 1.7 4 4.094 2.2 1 6 5 -0.222 -1.221 0.3
Worry 1 38 3.974 1.8 4 4.062 3.0 1 6 5 -0.197 -1.490 0.3

AA_ChildRemoveDrFeel: How would you feel about the doctor who asked to remove your child’s allergy?

Response scale:

  • Not at all trustworthy (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very trustworthy (6).
  • Not at all knowledgeable (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very knowledgeable (6).
  • Not at all competent (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), Very competent (6).
vars n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
Trustworthy 1 38 4.026 1.8 4 4.125 3.0 1 6 5 -0.404 -1.248 0.3
Knowledgeable 1 38 3.947 1.7 4 4.031 2.2 1 6 5 -0.195 -1.261 0.3
Competent 1 38 4.105 1.8 5 4.219 1.5 1 6 5 -0.405 -1.335 0.3

6.5.6 AA_ChildReAdd:

How likely would you be to try and get your child’s allergy to be added back onto their medical record in the future?

Response scale (likert):

Definitely WOULD NOT (1), Probably WOULD NOT (2), Probably WOULD (3), Definitely WOULD (4)

AA_ChildReadd n percent valid_percent
1 1 0.1% 2.6%
2 2 0.1% 5.3%
3 14 0.9% 36.8%
4 21 1.4% 55.3%
NA 1438 97.4%
Total 1476
AA_ChildReaddFct n percent valid_percent
Definitely WOULD NOT 1 0.1% 2.6%
Probably WOULD NOT 2 0.1% 5.3%
Probably WOULD 14 0.9% 36.8%
Definitely WOULD 21 1.4% 55.3%
NA 1438 97.4%
Total 1476

6.6 Allergies all

6.6.1

Respondents were then asked a few more questions about antibiotic allergies including…

  • Confidence in skin scratch test accuracy (only respondents who have an allergy or who are caregiver for a child who does)
  • Knowledge about antibiotic allergies
  • Estimates about antibiotic allergy prevalence rates

6.6.2 AA_TestConfidence:

How confident are you in the accuracy of skin scratch tests for antibiotic allergies?

Response scale (likert):

Not confident at all (1), Slightly confident (2), Moderately confident (3), Extremely confident (4).

AA_TestConfidence n percent valid_percent
1 15 1.0% 6.9%
2 61 4.1% 28.2%
3 100 6.8% 46.3%
4 40 2.7% 18.5%
NA 1260 85.4%
Total 1476
AA_TestConfidenceFct n percent valid_percent
Not confident at all 15 1.0% 6.9%
Slightly confident 61 4.1% 28.2%
Moderately confident 100 6.8% 46.3%
Extremely confident 40 2.7% 18.5%
NA 1260 85.4%
Total 1476

6.6.3 AA_Knowledge:

Please indicate whether you agree or disagree with each statement.

  • Allergies to antibiotics last for a person’s entire lifetime (i.e., they do not get better over time)
    • Correct response: disagree
  • ‘Antibiotic allergies’ and ‘Antibiotic side effects’ both mean the same thing
    • Correct response: disagree
  • Antibiotic allergies are hereditary (i.e., passed on from parents)
    • Correct response: disagree
  • The use of alternative antibiotics for people with antibiotic allergies puts them at increased risk of adverse events (e.g., longer hospital stays and antibiotic resistant infections)
    • Correct response: agree
  • It is possible to test if a person is allergic to antibiotics
    • Correct response: agree
  • It is safe to remove a person’s antibiotic allergy from their medical record if their test is negative
    • Correct response: agree
  • It is safe to remove a person’s antibiotic allergy from their medical record if they can take the antibiotic in the future without a reaction.
    • Correct response: agree

Response scale (categorical): Disagree (1), Agree (2), Not sure (3).

label levels No allergy [personal or child] Yes allergy [personal or child] Total
Total N (%) 1259 (85.3) 217 (14.7) 1476
Allergies last a person’s lifetime Incorrect 1037 (82.4) 182 (83.9) 1219 (82.6)
Correct 222 (17.6) 35 (16.1) 257 (17.4)
Antibiotic allergies and antibiotic side effects mean the same thing Incorrect 590 (46.9) 124 (57.1) 714 (48.4)
Correct 669 (53.1) 93 (42.9) 762 (51.6)
Allergies are hereditary Incorrect 848 (67.4) 134 (61.8) 982 (66.6)
Correct 410 (32.6) 83 (38.2) 493 (33.4)
Using alternative antibiotics for people with allergies puts them at increased risk of adverse events Incorrect 910 (72.3) 133 (61.6) 1043 (70.7)
Correct 349 (27.7) 83 (38.4) 432 (29.3)
It is possible to test if a person is allergic to antibiotics Incorrect 578 (45.9) 81 (37.3) 659 (44.7)
Correct 680 (54.1) 136 (62.7) 816 (55.3)
It is safe to remove a person’s antibiotic allergy from their medical record if their test is negative Incorrect 1007 (80.1) 142 (65.7) 1149 (78.0)
Correct 250 (19.9) 74 (34.3) 324 (22.0)
It is safe to remove a person’s antibiotic allergy from their medical record if they can take the antibiotic in the future without a reaction. Incorrect 945 (75.2) 117 (54.2) 1062 (72.1)
Correct 311 (24.8) 99 (45.8) 410 (27.9)

Use this button to see the raw coding of knowledge items (1,2,3).

label levels No allergy [personal or child] Yes allergy [personal or child] Total
Total N (%) 1259 (85.3) 217 (14.7) 1476
AA_Know_1 1 222 (17.6) 35 (16.1) 257 (17.4)
2 416 (33.0) 109 (50.2) 525 (35.6)
3 621 (49.3) 73 (33.6) 694 (47.0)
AA_Know_2 1 669 (53.1) 93 (42.9) 762 (51.6)
2 206 (16.4) 83 (38.2) 289 (19.6)
3 384 (30.5) 41 (18.9) 425 (28.8)
AA_Know_3 1 410 (32.6) 83 (38.2) 493 (33.4)
2 222 (17.6) 66 (30.4) 288 (19.5)
3 626 (49.8) 68 (31.3) 694 (47.1)
AA_Know_4 1 258 (20.5) 71 (32.9) 329 (22.3)
2 349 (27.7) 83 (38.4) 432 (29.3)
3 652 (51.8) 62 (28.7) 714 (48.4)
AA_Know_5 1 93 (7.4) 13 (6.0) 106 (7.2)
2 680 (54.1) 136 (62.7) 816 (55.3)
3 485 (38.6) 68 (31.3) 553 (37.5)
AA_Know_6 1 511 (40.7) 59 (27.3) 570 (38.7)
2 250 (19.9) 74 (34.3) 324 (22.0)
3 496 (39.5) 83 (38.4) 579 (39.3)
AA_Know_7 1 459 (36.5) 51 (23.6) 510 (34.6)
2 311 (24.8) 99 (45.8) 410 (27.9)
3 486 (38.7) 66 (30.6) 552 (37.5)

Use this button to see recoding of knowledge items (disagree/agree/not sure).

label levels No allergy [personal or child] Yes allergy [personal or child] Total
Total N (%) 1259 (85.3) 217 (14.7) 1476
Allergies last a person’s lifetime Disagree 222 (17.6) 35 (16.1) 257 (17.4)
Agree 416 (33.0) 109 (50.2) 525 (35.6)
Not sure 621 (49.3) 73 (33.6) 694 (47.0)
Antibiotic allergies and antibiotic side effects mean the same thing Disagree 669 (53.1) 93 (42.9) 762 (51.6)
Agree 206 (16.4) 83 (38.2) 289 (19.6)
Not sure 384 (30.5) 41 (18.9) 425 (28.8)
Allergies are hereditary Disagree 410 (32.6) 83 (38.2) 493 (33.4)
Agree 222 (17.6) 66 (30.4) 288 (19.5)
Not sure 626 (49.8) 68 (31.3) 694 (47.1)
Using alternative antibiotics for people with allergies puts them at increased risk of adverse events Disagree 258 (20.5) 71 (32.9) 329 (22.3)
Agree 349 (27.7) 83 (38.4) 432 (29.3)
Not sure 652 (51.8) 62 (28.7) 714 (48.4)
It is possible to test if a person is allergic to antibiotics Disagree 93 (7.4) 13 (6.0) 106 (7.2)
Agree 680 (54.1) 136 (62.7) 816 (55.3)
Not sure 485 (38.6) 68 (31.3) 553 (37.5)
It is safe to remove a person’s antibiotic allergy from their medical record if their test is negative Disagree 511 (40.7) 59 (27.3) 570 (38.7)
Agree 250 (19.9) 74 (34.3) 324 (22.0)
Not sure 496 (39.5) 83 (38.4) 579 (39.3)
It is safe to remove a person’s antibiotic allergy from their medical record if they can take the antibiotic in the future without a reaction. Disagree 459 (36.5) 51 (23.6) 510 (34.6)
Agree 311 (24.8) 99 (45.8) 410 (27.9)
Not sure 486 (38.7) 66 (30.6) 552 (37.5)

Use this button to see the corresponding figures.

6.6.4 AA_Estimates:

AA_MedRecordEstimate: “What percent of people in the US do you think have a penicillin allergy listed in their medical records?” Response scale (slider): 0 to 100.

n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
1475 39.92 22.48 38 38.44 23.72 0 100 100 0.54 -0.3 0.59

&

AA_TrueAllergyEstimate: “What percent of people in the US with a penicillin allergy listed in their medical records do you think are truly allergic?”

n mean sd median trimmed mad min max range skew kurtosis se
1472 44.17 26.86 40 42.43 29.65 0 100 100 0.44 -0.8 0.7

7 Respondent Characteristics

Please see: https://rpubs.com/AThorpe/SCUDA_RespondentCharacteristics