[SCUDA: Experiment 2] Social Norms
AThorpe
2024-05-02
1 Experiment Overview
1.1 Description
1.1.1
Sections describing experiment purpose, group assignment, and messages shown to respondents.
1.1.2 Purpose
In this experiment, respondents are shown an example of a public health message about antibiotics in one of two contexts: (1.) using antibiotics for cold/flu, and (2) keeping leftover antibiotics to use later. Here, we look at the influence of social norms and the framing of the norms on respondents behavioral intentions, perceptions of others, and of the behaviors.
Group 1 (NegativeContext): will see a public health message that 38% do the behavior with an explanation why it is important NOT to do this behavior.
Group 2 (Negative): will see a public health message that 38% do the behavior with no further explanation.
Group 3 (PositiveContext): will see a public health message that 62% DO NOT DO the behavior with an explanation why it is important NOT to do this behavior.
Group 4 (Positive): will see a public health message that 62% DO NOT DO the behavior with no further explanation.
1.1.3 Cold/Flu Messages
1.1.4 Keep leftovers Messages
2 Survey responses
2.1 Sample
2.1.1
We aimed for a total sample of N=1000 and ended with N=1003 out of
2.1.2 Exclusion criteria
Desired total sample: [N=1000]. Below, we first exclude those were not verified, then those who were were not eligible, then those who did not finish, then those who were flagged as overquota:
| Term | n | percent |
|---|---|---|
| Verification | ||
| failure | 1 | 0.0% |
| success | 2394 | 100.0% |
| Experimental stream | ||
| None assigned | 347 | 14.5% |
| 2 | 743 | 31.0% |
| 1 | 1304 | 54.5% |
| Eligibility Flag | ||
| Speeder | 12 | 0.9% |
| Underage | 1 | 0.1% |
| NA | 1291 | 99.0% |
| Progress | ||
| 94% or less | 101 | 7.8% |
| 95% or more | 1190 | 92.2% |
| Quota | ||
| QuotaMet | 156 | 13.1% |
| NA | 1034 | 86.9% |
| Answer Quality | ||
| Low answer quality | 31 | 3.0% |
| No issues found | 1003 | 97.0% |
| Note. Respondents flagged as ‘likely bot’ reviewed and replaced as necessary by authors. | ||
| Speeder: 1 Completed survey in ≤5 minutes | ||
| Underage: a Reported age as ≤17 years (did not complete survey) | ||
2.2 Survey length
2.2.1
Median completion time was 16 minutes with 76% completing between 5 and 25 minutes.
2.2.2 Descriptives
| Variable | Mean | SD | Median | Min | Max | Range |
| Stream 1 Duration | 21M 1 | 18M 3 | 16M 3 | 5M 2S | 3H 37 | 3H 31 |
2.2.3 Figure
2.2.4 Grouped
| df$Duration_Mins | n | percent |
|---|---|---|
| Less than 5 minutes | 0 | 0.0% |
| 5 to 9 minutes | 186 | 18.5% |
| 10 to 14 minutes | 238 | 23.7% |
| 15 to 19 minutes | 201 | 20.0% |
| 20 to 24 minutes | 137 | 13.7% |
| 25 to 29 minutes | 77 | 7.7% |
| 30 to 34 minutes | 53 | 5.3% |
| 35 to 39 minutes | 24 | 2.4% |
| More than 40 minutes | 87 | 8.7% |
| Total | 1003 |
|
2.2.5 Individual
| Duration (Minutes and Seconds) | Duration (Seconds) | n | percent |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5M 2S | 302 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 5M 6S | 306 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 5M 11S | 311 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 5M 12S | 312 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 5M 14S | 314 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 5M 16S | 316 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 5M 19S | 319 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 5M 22S | 322 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 5M 23S | 323 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 5M 26S | 326 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 5M 27S | 327 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 5M 29S | 329 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 5M 30S | 330 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 5M 31S | 331 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 5M 33S | 333 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 5M 35S | 335 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 5M 38S | 338 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 5M 39S | 339 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 5M 40S | 340 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 5M 44S | 344 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 5M 45S | 345 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 5M 50S | 350 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 5M 52S | 352 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 5M 53S | 353 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 5M 56S | 356 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 6M 0S | 360 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 6M 3S | 363 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 6M 17S | 377 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 6M 18S | 378 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 6M 20S | 380 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 6M 21S | 381 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 6M 22S | 382 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 6M 25S | 385 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 6M 27S | 387 | 5 | 0.5% |
| 6M 29S | 389 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 6M 32S | 392 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 6M 43S | 403 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 6M 44S | 404 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 6M 45S | 405 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 6M 48S | 408 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 6M 51S | 411 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 6M 54S | 414 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 6M 55S | 415 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 7M 0S | 420 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 7M 2S | 422 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 7M 3S | 423 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 7M 5S | 425 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 7M 7S | 427 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 7M 11S | 431 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 7M 13S | 433 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 7M 14S | 434 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 7M 16S | 436 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 7M 20S | 440 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 7M 22S | 442 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 7M 23S | 443 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 7M 24S | 444 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 7M 26S | 446 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 7M 27S | 447 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 7M 30S | 450 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 7M 31S | 451 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 7M 32S | 452 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 7M 33S | 453 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 7M 34S | 454 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 7M 35S | 455 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 7M 38S | 458 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 7M 39S | 459 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 7M 46S | 466 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 7M 50S | 470 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 7M 51S | 471 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 7M 52S | 472 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 7M 55S | 475 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 7M 56S | 476 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 7M 58S | 478 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 8M 0S | 480 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 8M 1S | 481 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 8M 2S | 482 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 8M 3S | 483 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 8M 4S | 484 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 8M 5S | 485 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 8M 8S | 488 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 8M 11S | 491 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 8M 13S | 493 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 8M 21S | 501 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 8M 22S | 502 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 8M 25S | 505 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 8M 26S | 506 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 8M 29S | 509 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 8M 30S | 510 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 8M 31S | 511 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 8M 39S | 519 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 8M 41S | 521 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 8M 42S | 522 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 8M 43S | 523 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 8M 46S | 526 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 8M 47S | 527 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 8M 48S | 528 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 8M 49S | 529 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 8M 51S | 531 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 8M 53S | 533 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 8M 54S | 534 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 8M 55S | 535 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 8M 56S | 536 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 9M 1S | 541 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 9M 3S | 543 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 9M 4S | 544 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 9M 6S | 546 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 9M 9S | 549 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 9M 11S | 551 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 9M 14S | 554 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 9M 16S | 556 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 9M 17S | 557 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 9M 18S | 558 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 9M 20S | 560 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 9M 21S | 561 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 9M 23S | 563 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 9M 29S | 569 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 9M 32S | 572 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 9M 33S | 573 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 9M 38S | 578 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 9M 39S | 579 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 9M 41S | 581 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 9M 42S | 582 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 9M 43S | 583 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 9M 44S | 584 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 9M 46S | 586 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 9M 49S | 589 | 5 | 0.5% |
| 9M 50S | 590 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 9M 51S | 591 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 9M 53S | 593 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 9M 54S | 594 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 9M 55S | 595 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 9M 57S | 597 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 9M 58S | 598 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 10M 2S | 602 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 10M 4S | 604 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 10M 13S | 613 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 10M 15S | 615 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 10M 16S | 616 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 10M 17S | 617 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 10M 18S | 618 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 10M 19S | 619 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 10M 23S | 623 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 10M 25S | 625 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 10M 26S | 626 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 10M 28S | 628 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 10M 29S | 629 | 4 | 0.4% |
| 10M 30S | 630 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 10M 31S | 631 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 10M 32S | 632 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 10M 33S | 633 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 10M 34S | 634 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 10M 35S | 635 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 10M 36S | 636 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 10M 40S | 640 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 10M 42S | 642 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 10M 43S | 643 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 10M 45S | 645 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 10M 47S | 647 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 10M 48S | 648 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 10M 50S | 650 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 10M 51S | 651 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 10M 52S | 652 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 10M 57S | 657 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 10M 58S | 658 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 10M 59S | 659 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 0S | 660 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 11M 1S | 661 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 2S | 662 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 4S | 664 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 6S | 666 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 7S | 667 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 9S | 669 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 11M 10S | 670 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 13S | 673 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 15S | 675 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 21S | 681 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 11M 23S | 683 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 11M 24S | 684 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 29S | 689 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 30S | 690 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 32S | 692 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 33S | 693 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 11M 34S | 694 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 35S | 695 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 11M 37S | 697 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 38S | 698 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 39S | 699 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 41S | 701 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 42S | 702 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 44S | 704 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 47S | 707 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 51S | 711 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 11M 54S | 714 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 11M 56S | 716 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 11M 58S | 718 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 11M 59S | 719 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 0S | 720 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 12M 1S | 721 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 2S | 722 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 5S | 725 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 6S | 726 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 12M 7S | 727 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 8S | 728 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 10S | 730 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 12M 11S | 731 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 12S | 732 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 14S | 734 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 12M 18S | 738 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 12M 20S | 740 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 23S | 743 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 24S | 744 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 25S | 745 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 12M 26S | 746 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 29S | 749 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 12M 31S | 751 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 32S | 752 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 33S | 753 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 35S | 755 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 36S | 756 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 37S | 757 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 40S | 760 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 43S | 763 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 44S | 764 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 12M 46S | 766 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 12M 47S | 767 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 48S | 768 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 49S | 769 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 50S | 770 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 51S | 771 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 53S | 773 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 55S | 775 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 57S | 777 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 12M 58S | 778 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 12M 59S | 779 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 13M 3S | 783 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 13M 7S | 787 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 13M 8S | 788 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 13M 11S | 791 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 13M 12S | 792 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 13M 13S | 793 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 13M 14S | 794 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 13M 16S | 796 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 13M 19S | 799 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 13M 20S | 800 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 13M 21S | 801 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 13M 25S | 805 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 13M 27S | 807 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 13M 28S | 808 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 13M 31S | 811 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 13M 34S | 814 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 13M 38S | 818 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 13M 39S | 819 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 13M 40S | 820 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 13M 46S | 826 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 13M 48S | 828 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 13M 49S | 829 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 13M 50S | 830 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 13M 51S | 831 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 13M 52S | 832 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 13M 53S | 833 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 13M 54S | 834 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 13M 55S | 835 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 13M 56S | 836 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 13M 57S | 837 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 14M 0S | 840 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 14M 2S | 842 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 14M 4S | 844 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 14M 6S | 846 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 14M 7S | 847 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 14M 10S | 850 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 14M 12S | 852 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 14M 13S | 853 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 14M 15S | 855 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 14M 16S | 856 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 14M 20S | 860 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 14M 21S | 861 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 14M 22S | 862 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 14M 24S | 864 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 14M 25S | 865 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 14M 30S | 870 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 14M 33S | 873 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 14M 35S | 875 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 14M 36S | 876 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 14M 39S | 879 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 14M 40S | 880 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 14M 43S | 883 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 14M 45S | 885 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 14M 46S | 886 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 14M 47S | 887 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 14M 48S | 888 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 14M 49S | 889 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 14M 53S | 893 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 14M 54S | 894 | 4 | 0.4% |
| 14M 58S | 898 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 14M 59S | 899 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 2S | 902 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 3S | 903 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 15M 4S | 904 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 5S | 905 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 6S | 906 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 15M 9S | 909 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 12S | 912 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 15S | 915 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 17S | 917 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 19S | 919 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 20S | 920 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 15M 21S | 921 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 22S | 922 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 15M 24S | 924 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 25S | 925 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 28S | 928 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 29S | 929 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 15M 31S | 931 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 32S | 932 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 33S | 933 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 15M 38S | 938 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 40S | 940 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 15M 44S | 944 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 15M 45S | 945 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 47S | 947 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 48S | 948 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 49S | 949 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 15M 50S | 950 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 51S | 951 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 52S | 952 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 53S | 953 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 55S | 955 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 15M 56S | 956 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 57S | 957 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 58S | 958 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 15M 59S | 959 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 0S | 960 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 16M 1S | 961 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 3S | 963 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 4S | 964 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 16M 6S | 966 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 7S | 967 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 16M 9S | 969 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 10S | 970 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 11S | 971 | 4 | 0.4% |
| 16M 13S | 973 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 16S | 976 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 17S | 977 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 18S | 978 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 19S | 979 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 22S | 982 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 26S | 986 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 28S | 988 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 32S | 992 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 33S | 993 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 34S | 994 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 16M 35S | 995 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 37S | 997 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 16M 38S | 998 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 16M 41S | 1001 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 43S | 1003 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 44S | 1004 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 46S | 1006 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 47S | 1007 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 51S | 1011 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 53S | 1013 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 16M 55S | 1015 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 17M 0S | 1020 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 17M 1S | 1021 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 17M 3S | 1023 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 17M 5S | 1025 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 17M 6S | 1026 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 17M 7S | 1027 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 17M 8S | 1028 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 17M 12S | 1032 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 17M 15S | 1035 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 17M 19S | 1039 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 17M 20S | 1040 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 17M 23S | 1043 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 17M 24S | 1044 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 17M 28S | 1048 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 17M 29S | 1049 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 17M 36S | 1056 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 17M 37S | 1057 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 17M 38S | 1058 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 17M 39S | 1059 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 17M 41S | 1061 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 17M 44S | 1064 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 17M 46S | 1066 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 17M 48S | 1068 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 17M 50S | 1070 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 17M 52S | 1072 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 17M 53S | 1073 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 17M 56S | 1076 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 17M 58S | 1078 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 18M 3S | 1083 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 18M 4S | 1084 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 18M 5S | 1085 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 18M 7S | 1087 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 18M 8S | 1088 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 18M 9S | 1089 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 18M 10S | 1090 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 18M 12S | 1092 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 18M 14S | 1094 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 18M 15S | 1095 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 18M 16S | 1096 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 18M 18S | 1098 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 18M 21S | 1101 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 18M 22S | 1102 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 18M 23S | 1103 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 18M 27S | 1107 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 18M 30S | 1110 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 18M 31S | 1111 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 18M 34S | 1114 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 18M 37S | 1117 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 18M 38S | 1118 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 18M 39S | 1119 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 18M 46S | 1126 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 18M 49S | 1129 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 18M 52S | 1132 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 18M 54S | 1134 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 18M 59S | 1139 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 19M 0S | 1140 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 19M 1S | 1141 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 19M 3S | 1143 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 19M 5S | 1145 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 19M 6S | 1146 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 19M 8S | 1148 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 19M 10S | 1150 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 19M 19S | 1159 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 19M 21S | 1161 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 19M 22S | 1162 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 19M 23S | 1163 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 19M 24S | 1164 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 19M 27S | 1167 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 19M 31S | 1171 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 19M 33S | 1173 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 19M 34S | 1174 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 19M 35S | 1175 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 19M 40S | 1180 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 19M 43S | 1183 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 19M 44S | 1184 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 19M 48S | 1188 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 19M 51S | 1191 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 19M 53S | 1193 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 19M 55S | 1195 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 19M 58S | 1198 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 1S | 1201 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 4S | 1204 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 11S | 1211 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 12S | 1212 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 13S | 1213 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 20M 14S | 1214 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 15S | 1215 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 16S | 1216 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 18S | 1218 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 20M 20S | 1220 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 20M 21S | 1221 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 22S | 1222 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 24S | 1224 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 29S | 1229 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 31S | 1231 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 20M 32S | 1232 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 20M 33S | 1233 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 20M 37S | 1237 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 40S | 1240 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 41S | 1241 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 43S | 1243 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 46S | 1246 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 20M 47S | 1247 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 48S | 1248 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 49S | 1249 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 51S | 1251 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 54S | 1254 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 57S | 1257 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 20M 58S | 1258 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 21M 0S | 1260 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 21M 1S | 1261 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 21M 2S | 1262 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 21M 3S | 1263 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 21M 5S | 1265 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 21M 16S | 1276 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 21M 20S | 1280 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 21M 22S | 1282 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 21M 25S | 1285 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 21M 27S | 1287 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 21M 35S | 1295 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 21M 37S | 1297 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 21M 39S | 1299 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 21M 40S | 1300 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 21M 45S | 1305 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 21M 46S | 1306 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 21M 48S | 1308 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 21M 51S | 1311 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 21M 58S | 1318 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 22M 3S | 1323 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 22M 6S | 1326 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 22M 20S | 1340 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 22M 21S | 1341 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 22M 26S | 1346 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 22M 28S | 1348 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 22M 36S | 1356 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 22M 37S | 1357 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 22M 38S | 1358 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 22M 43S | 1363 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 22M 45S | 1365 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 22M 46S | 1366 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 22M 47S | 1367 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 22M 48S | 1368 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 22M 54S | 1374 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 22M 55S | 1375 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 22M 56S | 1376 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 22M 59S | 1379 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 23M 0S | 1380 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 23M 1S | 1381 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 23M 4S | 1384 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 23M 9S | 1389 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 23M 15S | 1395 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 23M 21S | 1401 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 23M 23S | 1403 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 23M 24S | 1404 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 23M 28S | 1408 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 23M 29S | 1409 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 23M 34S | 1414 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 23M 39S | 1419 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 23M 47S | 1427 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 23M 48S | 1428 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 23M 49S | 1429 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 23M 50S | 1430 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 23M 52S | 1432 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 23M 53S | 1433 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 23M 54S | 1434 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 23M 55S | 1435 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 23M 58S | 1438 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 23M 59S | 1439 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 24M 0S | 1440 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 24M 1S | 1441 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 24M 2S | 1442 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 24M 10S | 1450 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 24M 11S | 1451 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 24M 14S | 1454 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 24M 17S | 1457 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 24M 19S | 1459 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 24M 20S | 1460 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 24M 24S | 1464 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 24M 27S | 1467 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 24M 28S | 1468 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 24M 29S | 1469 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 24M 30S | 1470 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 24M 32S | 1472 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 24M 35S | 1475 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 24M 39S | 1479 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 24M 41S | 1481 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 24M 43S | 1483 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 24M 46S | 1486 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 24M 48S | 1488 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 24M 49S | 1489 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 24M 59S | 1499 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 25M 3S | 1503 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 25M 6S | 1506 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 25M 8S | 1508 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 25M 9S | 1509 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 25M 14S | 1514 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 25M 18S | 1518 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 25M 19S | 1519 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 25M 20S | 1520 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 25M 24S | 1524 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 25M 26S | 1526 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 25M 27S | 1527 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 25M 33S | 1533 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 25M 37S | 1537 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 25M 43S | 1543 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 25M 44S | 1544 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 25M 47S | 1547 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 25M 53S | 1553 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 25M 55S | 1555 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 25M 59S | 1559 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 26M 0S | 1560 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 26M 2S | 1562 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 26M 4S | 1564 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 26M 5S | 1565 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 26M 6S | 1566 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 26M 8S | 1568 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 26M 11S | 1571 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 26M 12S | 1572 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 26M 17S | 1577 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 26M 23S | 1583 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 26M 24S | 1584 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 26M 25S | 1585 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 26M 27S | 1587 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 26M 33S | 1593 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 26M 35S | 1595 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 26M 36S | 1596 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 26M 38S | 1598 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 26M 41S | 1601 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 26M 46S | 1606 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 26M 50S | 1610 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 27M 3S | 1623 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 27M 5S | 1625 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 27M 32S | 1652 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 27M 35S | 1655 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 27M 43S | 1663 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 27M 45S | 1665 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 27M 51S | 1671 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 27M 53S | 1673 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 27M 56S | 1676 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 27M 57S | 1677 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 27M 59S | 1679 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 28M 4S | 1684 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 28M 6S | 1686 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 28M 8S | 1688 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 28M 9S | 1689 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 28M 13S | 1693 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 28M 24S | 1704 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 28M 37S | 1717 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 28M 40S | 1720 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 28M 42S | 1722 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 28M 45S | 1725 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 28M 47S | 1727 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 28M 51S | 1731 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 28M 58S | 1738 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 28M 59S | 1739 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 29M 8S | 1748 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 29M 15S | 1755 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 29M 16S | 1756 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 29M 25S | 1765 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 29M 35S | 1775 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 29M 38S | 1778 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 29M 40S | 1780 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 29M 47S | 1787 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 30M 5S | 1805 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 30M 16S | 1816 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 30M 18S | 1818 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 30M 19S | 1819 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 30M 21S | 1821 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 30M 22S | 1822 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 30M 23S | 1823 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 30M 25S | 1825 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 30M 28S | 1828 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 30M 29S | 1829 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 30M 30S | 1830 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 30M 32S | 1832 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 30M 34S | 1834 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 30M 36S | 1836 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 30M 43S | 1843 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 30M 49S | 1849 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 30M 51S | 1851 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 30M 53S | 1853 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 31M 4S | 1864 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 31M 5S | 1865 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 31M 6S | 1866 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 31M 8S | 1868 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 31M 9S | 1869 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 31M 12S | 1872 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 31M 14S | 1874 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 31M 15S | 1875 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 31M 25S | 1885 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 31M 38S | 1898 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 31M 46S | 1906 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 31M 47S | 1907 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 31M 51S | 1911 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 31M 53S | 1913 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 32M 8S | 1928 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 32M 39S | 1959 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 32M 40S | 1960 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 32M 47S | 1967 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 32M 48S | 1968 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 32M 52S | 1972 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 33M 4S | 1984 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 33M 7S | 1987 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 33M 9S | 1989 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 33M 11S | 1991 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 33M 15S | 1995 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 33M 16S | 1996 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 33M 48S | 2028 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 33M 54S | 2034 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 34M 9S | 2049 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 34M 52S | 2092 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 35M 25S | 2125 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 35M 26S | 2126 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 35M 43S | 2143 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 35M 51S | 2151 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 35M 58S | 2158 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 36M 2S | 2162 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 36M 4S | 2164 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 36M 37S | 2197 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 36M 44S | 2204 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 37M 10S | 2230 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 37M 14S | 2234 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 37M 23S | 2243 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 37M 46S | 2266 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 37M 50S | 2270 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 38M 7S | 2287 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 38M 8S | 2288 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 38M 9S | 2289 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 38M 10S | 2290 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 38M 15S | 2295 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 39M 26S | 2366 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 39M 36S | 2376 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 39M 42S | 2382 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 40M 3S | 2403 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 40M 6S | 2406 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 40M 30S | 2430 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 40M 58S | 2458 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 41M 3S | 2463 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 41M 9S | 2469 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 41M 15S | 2475 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 41M 18S | 2478 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 41M 31S | 2491 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 41M 38S | 2498 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 41M 39S | 2499 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 42M 16S | 2536 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 42M 23S | 2543 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 42M 28S | 2548 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 42M 32S | 2552 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 42M 39S | 2559 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 42M 48S | 2568 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 43M 24S | 2604 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 43M 25S | 2605 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 44M 0S | 2640 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 44M 14S | 2654 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 44M 24S | 2664 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 44M 34S | 2674 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 44M 35S | 2675 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 44M 50S | 2690 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 44M 57S | 2697 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 45M 53S | 2753 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 46M 35S | 2795 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 47M 19S | 2839 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 47M 24S | 2844 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 48M 1S | 2881 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 48M 8S | 2888 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 48M 34S | 2914 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 48M 40S | 2920 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 49M 18S | 2958 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 50M 9S | 3009 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 50M 54S | 3054 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 51M 14S | 3074 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 51M 32S | 3092 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 51M 37S | 3097 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 52M 0S | 3120 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 52M 19S | 3139 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 52M 30S | 3150 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 52M 47S | 3167 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 53M 10S | 3190 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 54M 2S | 3242 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 54M 54S | 3294 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 55M 38S | 3338 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 58M 11S | 3491 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 0M 30S | 3630 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 1M 19S | 3679 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 1M 41S | 3701 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 2M 45S | 3765 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 2M 48S | 3768 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 2M 57S | 3777 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 3M 11S | 3791 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 3M 12S | 3792 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 3M 37S | 3817 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 5M 9S | 3909 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 5M 52S | 3952 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 8M 38S | 4118 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 12M 57S | 4377 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 13M 7S | 4387 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 13M 19S | 4399 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 13M 52S | 4432 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 14M 27S | 4467 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 15M 53S | 4553 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 18M 49S | 4729 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 24M 33S | 5073 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 31M 19S | 5479 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 31M 51S | 5511 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 33M 31S | 5611 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 34M 20S | 5660 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 35M 41S | 5741 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 36M 40S | 5800 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 37M 36S | 5856 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 38M 27S | 5907 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 46M 20S | 6380 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 47M 9S | 6429 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1H 57M 35S | 7055 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2H 1M 21S | 7281 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2H 9M 25S | 7765 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2H 9M 39S | 7779 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 2H 54M 22S | 10462 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 3H 27M 44S | 12464 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 3H 37M 0S | 13020 | 1 | 0.1% |
2.3 Quotas
2.3.1
We had sample Quotas for:
- Age | Gender | Race | Region
2.3.2 Age
Desired
18to33_____333 [22.20%]
34to49_____334 [22.25%]
50to64_____333 [22.20%]
65+________500 [33.30%]
Actual:
| label | levels | cold_NegativeContext | cold_NegativeOnly | cold_PositiveContext | cold_PositiveOnly | keep_NegativeContext | keep_NegativeOnly | keep_PositiveContext | keep_PositiveOnly | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 131 (13.1) | 118 (11.8) | 121 (12.1) | 130 (13.0) | 128 (12.8) | 127 (12.7) | 122 (12.2) | 126 (12.6) | 1003 | |
| Age_Quota | 18to33 | 43 (32.8) | 44 (37.3) | 40 (33.1) | 43 (33.1) | 39 (30.5) | 35 (27.6) | 43 (35.2) | 47 (37.3) | 334 (33.3) |
| 34to49 | 41 (31.3) | 35 (29.7) | 38 (31.4) | 33 (25.4) | 47 (36.7) | 52 (40.9) | 42 (34.4) | 42 (33.3) | 330 (32.9) | |
| 50to64 | 47 (35.9) | 39 (33.1) | 43 (35.5) | 54 (41.5) | 42 (32.8) | 40 (31.5) | 37 (30.3) | 37 (29.4) | 339 (33.8) |
| label | levels | Cold | Keep | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 500 (49.9) | 503 (50.1) | 1003 | |
| Age_Quota | 18to33 | 170 (34.0) | 164 (32.6) | 334 (33.3) |
| 34to49 | 147 (29.4) | 183 (36.4) | 330 (32.9) | |
| 50to64 | 183 (36.6) | 156 (31.0) | 339 (33.8) |
| n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 1003 | 41.74 | 13.12 | 42.0 | 41.78 | 16.31 | 18 | 64 | 46 | 0.00 | -1.19 | 0.41 |
| Cold | 500 | 42.26 | 13.56 | 42.0 | 42.33 | 17.79 | 18 | 64 | 46 | 0.01 | -1.28 | 0.61 |
| Keep | 503 | 41.22 | 12.65 | 41.0 | 41.26 | 16.31 | 18 | 64 | 46 | -0.02 | -1.12 | 0.56 |
| Cold_NegativeContext | 131 | 42.76 | 13.16 | 42.0 | 42.77 | 16.31 | 18 | 64 | 46 | 0.03 | -1.31 | 1.15 |
| Cold_NegativeOnly | 118 | 41.32 | 13.67 | 39.5 | 41.32 | 15.57 | 18 | 64 | 46 | 0.09 | -1.29 | 1.26 |
| Cold_PositiveContext | 121 | 42.23 | 12.95 | 42.0 | 42.36 | 14.83 | 18 | 64 | 46 | -0.02 | -1.17 | 1.18 |
| Cold_PositiveOnly | 130 | 42.62 | 14.51 | 42.0 | 42.74 | 19.27 | 18 | 64 | 46 | -0.04 | -1.43 | 1.27 |
| Keep_NegativeContext | 128 | 41.62 | 12.59 | 42.0 | 41.77 | 16.31 | 18 | 63 | 45 | -0.07 | -1.11 | 1.11 |
| Keep_NegativeOnly | 127 | 42.16 | 12.35 | 43.0 | 42.33 | 14.83 | 18 | 63 | 45 | -0.10 | -1.11 | 1.10 |
| Keep_PositiveContext | 122 | 41.35 | 13.02 | 41.5 | 41.18 | 15.57 | 19 | 64 | 45 | 0.03 | -1.19 | 1.18 |
| Keep_PositiveOnly | 126 | 39.75 | 12.69 | 40.0 | 39.70 | 16.31 | 18 | 63 | 45 | 0.05 | -1.14 | 1.13 |
2.3.3 Gender
Desired
Male__________735 [49%]
Female________735 [49%]
AnyOther______30 [2%]
| label | levels | cold_NegativeContext | cold_NegativeOnly | cold_PositiveContext | cold_PositiveOnly | keep_NegativeContext | keep_NegativeOnly | keep_PositiveContext | keep_PositiveOnly | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 131 (13.1) | 118 (11.8) | 121 (12.1) | 130 (13.0) | 128 (12.8) | 127 (12.7) | 122 (12.2) | 126 (12.6) | 1003 | |
| Gender_QuotaChr | Male | 63 (48.1) | 55 (46.6) | 48 (39.7) | 49 (37.7) | 53 (41.4) | 50 (39.4) | 53 (43.4) | 43 (34.1) | 414 (41.3) |
| Female | 66 (50.4) | 62 (52.5) | 72 (59.5) | 76 (58.5) | 74 (57.8) | 75 (59.1) | 67 (54.9) | 83 (65.9) | 575 (57.3) | |
| AnyOtherGender | 2 (1.5) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.8) | 5 (3.8) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.6) | 2 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (1.4) |
| label | levels | Cold | Keep | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 500 (49.9) | 503 (50.1) | 1003 | |
| Gender_QuotaChr | Male | 215 (43.0) | 199 (39.6) | 414 (41.3) |
| Female | 276 (55.2) | 299 (59.4) | 575 (57.3) | |
| AnyOtherGender | 9 (1.8) | 5 (1.0) | 14 (1.4) |
2.3.4 Race
Desired
NHanyother_____150 [10%]
NHwhite________450 [30%]
NHblack________450 [30%]
Hisp___________450 [30%]
| label | levels | cold_NegativeContext | cold_NegativeOnly | cold_PositiveContext | cold_PositiveOnly | keep_NegativeContext | keep_NegativeOnly | keep_PositiveContext | keep_PositiveOnly | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 131 (13.1) | 118 (11.8) | 121 (12.1) | 130 (13.0) | 128 (12.8) | 127 (12.7) | 122 (12.2) | 126 (12.6) | 1003 | |
| Race_QuotaChr | NHanyother | 14 (10.7) | 11 (9.3) | 17 (14.0) | 6 (4.6) | 12 (9.4) | 17 (13.4) | 15 (12.3) | 14 (11.1) | 106 (10.6) |
| NHwhite | 24 (18.3) | 23 (19.5) | 20 (16.5) | 24 (18.5) | 26 (20.5) | 24 (18.9) | 25 (20.5) | 15 (11.9) | 181 (18.1) | |
| NHblack | 49 (37.4) | 41 (34.7) | 43 (35.5) | 50 (38.5) | 47 (37.0) | 45 (35.4) | 47 (38.5) | 44 (34.9) | 366 (36.5) | |
| Hisp | 44 (33.6) | 43 (36.4) | 41 (33.9) | 50 (38.5) | 42 (33.1) | 41 (32.3) | 35 (28.7) | 53 (42.1) | 349 (34.8) |
| label | levels | Cold | Keep | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 500 (49.9) | 503 (50.1) | 1003 | |
| Race_QuotaChr | NHanyother | 48 (9.6) | 58 (11.6) | 106 (10.6) |
| NHwhite | 91 (18.2) | 90 (17.9) | 181 (18.1) | |
| NHblack | 183 (36.6) | 183 (36.5) | 366 (36.5) | |
| Hisp | 178 (35.6) | 171 (34.1) | 349 (34.8) |
2.3.5 Region
Desired
northeast_____255 [17.0%]
midwest_______309 [20.6%]
south_________582 [38.8%]
west__________354 [23.6%]
| label | levels | cold_NegativeContext | cold_NegativeOnly | cold_PositiveContext | cold_PositiveOnly | keep_NegativeContext | keep_NegativeOnly | keep_PositiveContext | keep_PositiveOnly | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 131 (13.1) | 118 (11.8) | 121 (12.1) | 130 (13.0) | 128 (12.8) | 127 (12.7) | 122 (12.2) | 126 (12.6) | 1003 | |
| Region_QuotaFct | northeast | 25 (19.1) | 11 (9.5) | 21 (17.4) | 23 (17.8) | 19 (14.8) | 19 (15.0) | 24 (19.7) | 27 (21.6) | 169 (16.9) |
| midwest | 28 (21.4) | 21 (18.1) | 15 (12.4) | 21 (16.3) | 23 (18.0) | 17 (13.4) | 21 (17.2) | 22 (17.6) | 168 (16.8) | |
| south | 56 (42.7) | 56 (48.3) | 55 (45.5) | 67 (51.9) | 60 (46.9) | 62 (48.8) | 53 (43.4) | 50 (40.0) | 459 (45.9) | |
| west | 22 (16.8) | 28 (24.1) | 30 (24.8) | 18 (14.0) | 26 (20.3) | 29 (22.8) | 24 (19.7) | 26 (20.8) | 203 (20.3) |
| label | levels | Cold | Keep | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 500 (49.9) | 503 (50.1) | 1003 | |
| Region_QuotaFct | northeast | 80 (16.1) | 89 (17.7) | 169 (16.9) |
| midwest | 85 (17.1) | 83 (16.5) | 168 (16.8) | |
| south | 234 (47.1) | 225 (44.8) | 459 (45.9) | |
| west | 98 (19.7) | 105 (20.9) | 203 (20.3) |
2.4 Exp2: Group assignment
2.4.1
We expected a total (N=1000), to be split equally between Cold and Keep, with four equal groups within each.
2.4.2 Group tables
| label | levels | Cold | Keep | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 500 (49.9) | 503 (50.1) | 1003 | |
| Exp2_Grp | cold_NegativeContext | 131 (26.2) | 131 (13.1) | |
| cold_NegativeOnly | 118 (23.6) | 118 (11.8) | ||
| cold_PositiveContext | 121 (24.2) | 121 (12.1) | ||
| cold_PositiveOnly | 130 (26.0) | 130 (13.0) | ||
| keep_NegativeContext | 128 (25.4) | 128 (12.8) | ||
| keep_NegativeOnly | 127 (25.2) | 127 (12.7) | ||
| keep_PositiveContext | 122 (24.3) | 122 (12.2) | ||
| keep_PositiveOnly | 126 (25.0) | 126 (12.6) |
3 Results: Preregistered
Available on: https://aspredicted.org/
3.1 Hypotheses & DV
Hypothesis 1 [H1]: Main effect of direction
- We expect that the negative framing [i.e., % of others who engage in non-medically recommended antibiotic-related behaviors] will increase respondents’ willingness to engage in these behaviors.
Hypothesis 2 [H2]: Main effect of context
- We expect that providing contextual information about medically recommended antibiotic-related behaviors will decrease respondents’ willingness to engage in these behaviors.
We had one primary dependent variable for both the cold/flu and keep leftover groups:
- Wanting to [take antibiotics for cold/flu] or [keep leftover antibiotics]
3.2 DV1: Want Abxs
3.2.1 DV1: Finding
H1: No significant main effect of direction H1 not supported
H2: Significant main effect of context H2 supported
3.2.2 DV1: Figure
Response scale (likert):
Definitely WOULD NOT (1), Probably WOULD NOT (2), Probably WOULD (3), Definitely WOULD (4)
3.2.3 DV1: Descriptives
Responses and percentages
| Grp | Definitely WOULD NOT | Probably WOULD NOT | Probably WOULD | Definitely WOULD | NA | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 153 (30.6) | 129 (25.8) | 119 (23.8) | 99 (19.8) | 0 (0.0) | 500 | |
| Original groupings | |||||||
| Exp2_Grp | NegativeContext | 46 (35.1) | 29 (22.1) | 28 (21.4) | 28 (21.4) | 131 (100) | |
| NegativeOnly | 24 (20.3) | 35 (29.7) | 34 (28.8) | 25 (21.2) | 118 (100) | ||
| PositiveContext | 53 (43.8) | 31 (25.6) | 23 (19.0) | 14 (11.6) | 121 (100) | ||
| PositiveOnly | 30 (23.1) | 34 (26.2) | 34 (26.2) | 32 (24.6) | 130 (100) | ||
| Negative vs Positive | |||||||
| DirectionFct | Negative | 70 (28.1) | 64 (25.7) | 62 (24.9) | 53 (21.3) | 0 (0.0) | 249 (100) |
| Positive | 83 (33.1) | 65 (25.9) | 57 (22.7) | 46 (18.3) | 0 (0.0) | 251 (100) | |
| No context vs Context | |||||||
| ContextFct | No Context | 54 (21.8) | 69 (27.8) | 68 (27.4) | 57 (23.0) | 0 (0.0) | 248 (100) |
| Context | 99 (39.3) | 60 (23.8) | 51 (20.2) | 42 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 252 (100) | |
Distribution and central tendency
| n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 500 | 2.33 | 1.11 | 2.0 | 2.29 | 1.48 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 0.20 | -1.32 | 0.05 |
| Original groupings | ||||||||||||
| NegativeContext | 131 | 2.29 | 1.16 | 2.0 | 2.24 | 1.48 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 0.25 | -1.42 | 0.10 |
| NegativeOnly | 118 | 2.51 | 1.04 | 2.5 | 2.51 | 0.74 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 0.00 | -1.20 | 0.10 |
| PositiveContext | 121 | 1.98 | 1.05 | 2.0 | 1.86 | 1.48 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 0.63 | -0.91 | 0.10 |
| PositiveOnly | 130 | 2.52 | 1.10 | 3.0 | 2.53 | 1.48 | 1 | 4 | 3 | -0.02 | -1.34 | 0.10 |
| Negative vs Positive | ||||||||||||
| Negative | 249 | 2.39 | 1.11 | 2.0 | 2.37 | 1.48 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 0.12 | -1.34 | 0.07 |
| Positive | 251 | 2.26 | 1.11 | 2.0 | 2.20 | 1.48 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 0.28 | -1.29 | 0.07 |
| No context vs Context | ||||||||||||
| No Context | 248 | 2.52 | 1.07 | 3.0 | 2.52 | 1.48 | 1 | 4 | 3 | -0.01 | -1.26 | 0.07 |
| Context | 252 | 2.14 | 1.12 | 2.0 | 2.05 | 1.48 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 0.44 | -1.22 | 0.07 |
Least squares means (unadjusted) and CIs around means
## NOTE: Results may be misleading due to involvement in interactions
## NOTE: Results may be misleading due to involvement in interactions| DirectionFct | ContextFct | lsmean | SE | df | lower.CL | upper.CL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | No Context | 2.51 | 0.100 | 496 | 2.311 | 2.71 |
| Positive | No Context | 2.52 | 0.096 | 496 | 2.335 | 2.71 |
| Negative | Context | 2.29 | 0.095 | 496 | 2.103 | 2.48 |
| Positive | Context | 1.98 | 0.099 | 496 | 1.789 | 2.18 |
| DirectionFct | lsmean | SE | df | lower.CL | upper.CL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | 2.399 | 0.07 | 496 | 2.26 | 2.535 |
| Positive | 2.253 | 0.07 | 496 | 2.12 | 2.389 |
| ContextFct | lsmean | SE | df | lower.CL | upper.CL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Context | 2.516 | 0.07 | 496 | 2.38 | 2.652 |
| Context | 2.137 | 0.07 | 496 | 2.00 | 2.272 |
3.2.4 DV1: Analyses
Checking for assumptions before running ANOVA
Are plots extreme?
Is Levene test ≤.05?
| df1 | df2 | statistic | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 496 | 1.13 | 0.335 |
| Sum.Sq | Df | F.value | Pr..F. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DirectionFct | 2.71 | 1 | 2.27 | 0.132 |
| ContextFct | 17.99 | 1 | 15.10 | 0.000 |
| DirectionFct:ContextFct | 3.22 | 1 | 2.70 | 0.101 |
| Residuals | 590.87 | 496 | NA | NA |
| term | df | sumsq | meansq | statistic | p.value | etasq | partial.etasq | omegasq | partial.omegasq | epsilonsq | cohens.f | power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DirectionFct | 1 | 2.13 | 2.133 | 1.79 | 0.181 | 0.00 | 0.004 | 0.00 | 0.002 | 0.00 | 0.060 | 0.27 |
| ContextFct | 1 | 17.99 | 17.991 | 15.10 | 0.000 | 0.03 | 0.030 | 0.03 | 0.027 | 0.03 | 0.174 | 0.97 |
| DirectionFct:ContextFct | 1 | 3.22 | 3.218 | 2.70 | 0.101 | 0.00 | 0.005 | 0.00 | 0.003 | 0.00 | 0.074 | 0.38 |
| Residuals | 496 | 590.87 | 1.191 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Group1 | n1 | Group2 | n2 | df | M1 | M2 | Mdiff | t | CIlow | CIhigh | p | pAdj | PAdj* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Original groupings | |||||||||||||
| NegativeContext | 131 | NegativeOnly | 118 | 247.00 | 2.290 | 2.51 | -0.218 | -1.56 | -0.494 | 0.06 | 0.119 | 0.29 | ns |
| NegativeContext | 131 | PositiveContext | 121 | 249.89 | 2.290 | 1.98 | 0.307 | 2.20 | 0.033 | 0.58 | 0.028 | 0.11 | ns |
| NegativeContext | 131 | PositiveOnly | 130 | 258.49 | 2.290 | 2.52 | -0.233 | -1.66 | -0.509 | 0.04 | 0.097 | 0.29 | ns |
| NegativeOnly | 118 | PositiveContext | 121 | 236.90 | 2.508 | 1.98 | 0.525 | 3.88 | 0.258 | 0.79 | 0.000 | 0.00 | *** |
| NegativeOnly | 118 | PositiveOnly | 130 | 245.53 | 2.508 | 2.52 | -0.015 | -0.11 | -0.283 | 0.25 | 0.915 | 0.92 | ns |
| PositiveContext | 121 | PositiveOnly | 130 | 248.87 | 1.983 | 2.52 | -0.540 | -3.98 | -0.807 | -0.27 | 0.000 | 0.00 | *** |
| Negative vs Positive | |||||||||||||
| Negative | 249 | Positive | 251 | 497.95 | 2.394 | 2.26 | 0.131 | 1.32 | -0.064 | 0.33 | 0.188 | NA | NA |
| No context vs Context | |||||||||||||
| No Context | 248 | Context | 252 | 497.70 | 2.516 | 2.14 | 0.373 | 3.81 | 0.181 | 0.57 | 0.000 | NA | NA |
3.3 DV2: Keep Abxs
3.3.1 DV2: Finding
H1: Significant main effect of direction H1 not supported
H2: No significant main effect of context H2 not supported
3.3.2 DV2: Figure
Response scale (likert):
I would never have any leftover antibiotics (I always finish the full course) (1), Definitely WOULD NOT (2), Probably WOULD NOT (3), Probably WOULD (4), Definitely WOULD (5)
3.3.3 DV2: Descriptives
Responses and percentages
| Grp | NEVER have leftovers | Definitely WOULD NOT | Probably WOULD NOT | Probably WOULD | Definitely WOULD | NA | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 159 (31.6) | 65 (12.9) | 86 (17.1) | 130 (25.8) | 63 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) | 503 | |
| Original groupings | ||||||||
| Exp2_Grp | NegativeContext | 47 (36.7) | 19 (14.8) | 26 (20.3) | 20 (15.6) | 16 (12.5) | 128 (100) | |
| NegativeOnly | 45 (35.4) | 11 (8.7) | 14 (11.0) | 46 (36.2) | 11 (8.7) | 127 (100) | ||
| PositiveContext | 35 (28.7) | 15 (12.3) | 28 (23.0) | 32 (26.2) | 12 (9.8) | 122 (100) | ||
| PositiveOnly | 32 (25.4) | 20 (15.9) | 18 (14.3) | 32 (25.4) | 24 (19.0) | 126 (100) | ||
| Negative vs Positive | ||||||||
| DirectionFct | Negative | 92 (36.1) | 30 (11.8) | 40 (15.7) | 66 (25.9) | 27 (10.6) | 0 (0.0) | 255 (100) |
| Positive | 67 (27.0) | 35 (14.1) | 46 (18.5) | 64 (25.8) | 36 (14.5) | 0 (0.0) | 248 (100) | |
| No context vs Context | ||||||||
| ContextFct | No Context | 77 (30.4) | 31 (12.3) | 32 (12.6) | 78 (30.8) | 35 (13.8) | 0 (0.0) | 253 (100) |
| Context | 82 (32.8) | 34 (13.6) | 54 (21.6) | 52 (20.8) | 28 (11.2) | 0 (0.0) | 250 (100) | |
Distribution and central tendency
| n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 503 | 2.75 | 1.45 | 3 | 2.68 | 1.48 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 0.07 | -1.44 | 0.06 |
| Original groupings | ||||||||||||
| NegativeContext | 128 | 2.52 | 1.44 | 2 | 2.41 | 1.48 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 0.37 | -1.25 | 0.13 |
| NegativeOnly | 127 | 2.74 | 1.47 | 3 | 2.69 | 1.48 | 1 | 5 | 4 | -0.06 | -1.62 | 0.13 |
| PositiveContext | 122 | 2.76 | 1.37 | 3 | 2.70 | 1.48 | 1 | 5 | 4 | -0.01 | -1.34 | 0.12 |
| PositiveOnly | 126 | 2.97 | 1.49 | 3 | 2.96 | 1.48 | 1 | 5 | 4 | -0.06 | -1.46 | 0.13 |
| Negative vs Positive | ||||||||||||
| Negative | 255 | 2.63 | 1.45 | 3 | 2.54 | 1.48 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 0.16 | -1.48 | 0.09 |
| Positive | 248 | 2.87 | 1.43 | 3 | 2.84 | 1.48 | 1 | 5 | 4 | -0.02 | -1.39 | 0.09 |
| No context vs Context | ||||||||||||
| No Context | 253 | 2.85 | 1.48 | 3 | 2.82 | 1.48 | 1 | 5 | 4 | -0.06 | -1.51 | 0.09 |
| Context | 250 | 2.64 | 1.41 | 3 | 2.55 | 1.48 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 0.19 | -1.32 | 0.09 |
Least squares means (unadjusted) and CIs around means
## NOTE: Results may be misleading due to involvement in interactions
## NOTE: Results may be misleading due to involvement in interactions| DirectionFct | ContextFct | lsmean | SE | df | lower.CL | upper.CL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | No Context | 2.74 | 0.128 | 499 | 2.489 | 2.99 |
| Positive | No Context | 2.97 | 0.129 | 499 | 2.716 | 3.22 |
| Negative | Context | 2.52 | 0.128 | 499 | 2.273 | 2.77 |
| Positive | Context | 2.76 | 0.131 | 499 | 2.506 | 3.02 |
| DirectionFct | lsmean | SE | df | lower.CL | upper.CL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | 2.632 | 0.09 | 499 | 2.45 | 2.809 |
| Positive | 2.865 | 0.09 | 499 | 2.69 | 3.045 |
| ContextFct | lsmean | SE | df | lower.CL | upper.CL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Context | 2.854 | 0.09 | 499 | 2.68 | 3.032 |
| Context | 2.643 | 0.09 | 499 | 2.46 | 2.822 |
3.3.4 DV2: Analyses
Checking for assumptions before running ANOVA
Are plots extreme?
Is Levene test ≤.05?
| df1 | df2 | statistic | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 499 | 1.27 | 0.284 |
| Sum.Sq | Df | F.value | Pr..F. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DirectionFct | 6.85 | 1 | 3.29 | 0.070 |
| ContextFct | 5.62 | 1 | 2.70 | 0.101 |
| DirectionFct:ContextFct | 0.00 | 1 | 0.00 | 0.967 |
| Residuals | 1038.33 | 499 | NA | NA |
| term | df | sumsq | meansq | statistic | p.value | etasq | partial.etasq | omegasq | partial.omegasq | epsilonsq | cohens.f | power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DirectionFct | 1 | 6.98 | 6.977 | 3.35 | 0.068 | 0.01 | 0.007 | 0 | 0.005 | 0 | 0.082 | 0.45 |
| ContextFct | 1 | 5.62 | 5.620 | 2.70 | 0.101 | 0.00 | 0.005 | 0 | 0.003 | 0 | 0.074 | 0.38 |
| DirectionFct:ContextFct | 1 | 0.00 | 0.004 | 0.00 | 0.967 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 0 | -0.002 | 0 | 0.002 | 0.05 |
| Residuals | 499 | 1038.33 | 2.081 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Group1 | n1 | Group2 | n2 | df | M1 | M2 | Mdiff | t | CIlow | CIhigh | p | pAdj | PAdj* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Original groupings | |||||||||||||
| NegativeContext | 128 | NegativeOnly | 127 | 252.75 | 2.523 | 2.74 | -0.217 | -1.19 | -0.575 | 0.14 | 0.235 | 0.9 | ns |
| NegativeContext | 128 | PositiveContext | 122 | 248.00 | 2.523 | 2.76 | -0.239 | -1.34 | -0.589 | 0.11 | 0.180 | 0.9 | ns |
| NegativeContext | 128 | PositiveOnly | 126 | 251.38 | 2.523 | 2.97 | -0.445 | -2.43 | -0.806 | -0.08 | 0.016 | 0.1 | ns |
| NegativeOnly | 127 | PositiveContext | 122 | 246.80 | 2.740 | 2.76 | -0.022 | -0.12 | -0.377 | 0.33 | 0.902 | 0.9 | ns |
| NegativeOnly | 127 | PositiveOnly | 126 | 250.92 | 2.740 | 2.97 | -0.228 | -1.23 | -0.594 | 0.14 | 0.221 | 0.9 | ns |
| PositiveContext | 122 | PositiveOnly | 126 | 245.47 | 2.762 | 2.97 | -0.206 | -1.13 | -0.564 | 0.15 | 0.258 | 0.9 | ns |
| Negative vs Positive | |||||||||||||
| Negative | 255 | Positive | 248 | 500.92 | 2.631 | 2.87 | -0.236 | -1.83 | -0.488 | 0.02 | 0.068 | NA | NA |
| No context vs Context | |||||||||||||
| No Context | 253 | Context | 250 | 500.29 | 2.854 | 2.64 | 0.214 | 1.66 | -0.039 | 0.47 | 0.098 | NA | NA |
3.4 DV3: Keep Abxs (Recode)
3.4.1 DV3: Finding
H1: No significant main effect of direction H1 not supported
H2: Significant main effect of context H2 supported
3.4.2 DV3: Figure
Response scale (likert):
Definitely WOULD NOT (1), Probably WOULD NOT (2), Probably WOULD (3), Definitely WOULD (4)
3.4.3 DV3: Descriptives
Responses and percentages
| Grp | Definitely WOULD NOT | Probably WOULD NOT | Probably WOULD | Definitely WOULD | NA | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 65 (12.9) | 86 (17.1) | 130 (25.8) | 63 (12.5) | 159 (31.6) | 503 | |
| Original groupings | |||||||
| Exp2_Grp | NegativeContext | 19 (14.8) | 26 (20.3) | 20 (15.6) | 16 (12.5) | 47 (36.7) | 128 (100) |
| NegativeOnly | 11 (8.7) | 14 (11.0) | 46 (36.2) | 11 (8.7) | 45 (35.4) | 127 (100) | |
| PositiveContext | 15 (12.3) | 28 (23.0) | 32 (26.2) | 12 (9.8) | 35 (28.7) | 122 (100) | |
| PositiveOnly | 20 (15.9) | 18 (14.3) | 32 (25.4) | 24 (19.0) | 32 (25.4) | 126 (100) | |
| Negative vs Positive | |||||||
| DirectionFct | Negative | 30 (11.8) | 40 (15.7) | 66 (25.9) | 27 (10.6) | 92 (36.1) | 255 (100) |
| Positive | 35 (14.1) | 46 (18.5) | 64 (25.8) | 36 (14.5) | 67 (27.0) | 248 (100) | |
| No context vs Context | |||||||
| ContextFct | No Context | 31 (12.3) | 32 (12.6) | 78 (30.8) | 35 (13.8) | 77 (30.4) | 253 (100) |
| Context | 34 (13.6) | 54 (21.6) | 52 (20.8) | 28 (11.2) | 82 (32.8) | 250 (100) | |
Distribution and central tendency
| n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 344 | 3.56 | 1.00 | 4 | 3.57 | 1.48 | 2 | 5 | 3 | -0.17 | -1.03 | 0.05 |
| Original groupings | ||||||||||||
| NegativeContext | 81 | 3.41 | 1.06 | 3 | 3.38 | 1.48 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 0.15 | -1.22 | 0.12 |
| NegativeOnly | 82 | 3.70 | 0.87 | 4 | 3.74 | 0.00 | 2 | 5 | 3 | -0.60 | -0.32 | 0.10 |
| PositiveContext | 87 | 3.47 | 0.94 | 4 | 3.46 | 1.48 | 2 | 5 | 3 | -0.04 | -0.93 | 0.10 |
| PositiveOnly | 94 | 3.64 | 1.09 | 4 | 3.67 | 1.48 | 2 | 5 | 3 | -0.25 | -1.24 | 0.11 |
| Negative vs Positive | ||||||||||||
| Negative | 163 | 3.55 | 0.98 | 4 | 3.56 | 1.48 | 2 | 5 | 3 | -0.20 | -0.98 | 0.08 |
| Positive | 181 | 3.56 | 1.02 | 4 | 3.57 | 1.48 | 2 | 5 | 3 | -0.14 | -1.10 | 0.08 |
| No context vs Context | ||||||||||||
| No Context | 176 | 3.66 | 0.99 | 4 | 3.70 | 1.48 | 2 | 5 | 3 | -0.39 | -0.88 | 0.07 |
| Context | 168 | 3.44 | 1.00 | 3 | 3.43 | 1.48 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 0.05 | -1.06 | 0.08 |
Least squares means (unadjusted) and CIs around means
## NOTE: Results may be misleading due to involvement in interactions
## NOTE: Results may be misleading due to involvement in interactions| DirectionFct | ContextFct | lsmean | SE | df | lower.CL | upper.CL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | No Context | 3.70 | 0.110 | 340 | 3.479 | 3.91 |
| Positive | No Context | 3.64 | 0.103 | 340 | 3.437 | 3.84 |
| Negative | Context | 3.41 | 0.111 | 340 | 3.190 | 3.62 |
| Positive | Context | 3.47 | 0.107 | 340 | 3.262 | 3.68 |
| DirectionFct | lsmean | SE | df | lower.CL | upper.CL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative | 3.551 | 0.08 | 340 | 3.40 | 3.704 |
| Positive | 3.555 | 0.07 | 340 | 3.41 | 3.700 |
| ContextFct | lsmean | SE | df | lower.CL | upper.CL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Context | 3.667 | 0.08 | 340 | 3.52 | 3.815 |
| Context | 3.439 | 0.08 | 340 | 3.29 | 3.590 |
3.4.4 DV3: Analyses
Checking for assumptions before running ANOVA
Are plots extreme?
Is Levene test ≤.05?
| df1 | df2 | statistic | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 340 | 3.27 | 0.021 |
| Sum.Sq | Df | F.value | Pr..F. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DirectionFct | 0.00 | 1 | 0.00 | 0.984 |
| ContextFct | 4.32 | 1 | 4.37 | 0.037 |
| DirectionFct:ContextFct | 0.31 | 1 | 0.32 | 0.575 |
| Residuals | 336.31 | 340 | NA | NA |
| term | df | sumsq | meansq | statistic | p.value | etasq | partial.etasq | omegasq | partial.omegasq | epsilonsq | cohens.f | power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DirectionFct | 1 | 0.00 | 0.003 | 0.00 | 0.956 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 0.00 | -0.003 | 0.00 | 0.003 | 0.05 |
| ContextFct | 1 | 4.32 | 4.322 | 4.37 | 0.037 | 0.01 | 0.013 | 0.01 | 0.010 | 0.01 | 0.113 | 0.55 |
| DirectionFct:ContextFct | 1 | 0.31 | 0.312 | 0.32 | 0.575 | 0.00 | 0.001 | 0.00 | -0.002 | 0.00 | 0.030 | 0.09 |
| Residuals | 340 | 336.31 | 0.989 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Group1 | n1 | Group2 | n2 | df | M1 | M2 | Mdiff | t | CIlow | CIhigh | p | pAdj | PAdj* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Original groupings | |||||||||||||
| NegativeContext | 81 | NegativeOnly | 82 | 154.52 | 3.407 | 3.70 | -0.288 | -1.89 | -0.588 | 0.01 | 0.060 | 0.36 | ns |
| NegativeContext | 81 | PositiveContext | 87 | 160.15 | 3.407 | 3.47 | -0.064 | -0.41 | -0.369 | 0.24 | 0.680 | 1.00 | ns |
| NegativeContext | 81 | PositiveOnly | 94 | 170.39 | 3.407 | 3.64 | -0.231 | -1.42 | -0.551 | 0.09 | 0.157 | 0.63 | ns |
| NegativeOnly | 82 | PositiveContext | 87 | 166.96 | 3.695 | 3.47 | 0.224 | 1.61 | -0.051 | 0.50 | 0.109 | 0.54 | ns |
| NegativeOnly | 82 | PositiveOnly | 94 | 172.81 | 3.695 | 3.64 | 0.057 | 0.38 | -0.235 | 0.35 | 0.701 | 1.00 | ns |
| PositiveContext | 87 | PositiveOnly | 94 | 178.17 | 3.471 | 3.64 | -0.167 | -1.11 | -0.464 | 0.13 | 0.269 | 0.81 | ns |
| Negative vs Positive | |||||||||||||
| Negative | 163 | Positive | 181 | 340.66 | 3.552 | 3.56 | -0.006 | -0.05 | -0.217 | 0.21 | 0.957 | NA | NA |
| No context vs Context | |||||||||||||
| No Context | 176 | Context | 168 | 341.05 | 3.665 | 3.44 | 0.224 | 2.10 | 0.014 | 0.43 | 0.037 | NA | NA |
4 Additional variables
4.1 Exp1: Secondary variables
4.1.1
We had secondary variables for Experiment 1.
- Threat perceptions of AMR
- Beliefs about public health efforts against COVID-19
- Prior familiarity with AMR
4.1.2 Exp1_Threat:
“How serious of a threat do you think antibiotic resistance is?”
Response scale (likert):
Not a serious threat at all (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), A very serious threat (6)
| Exp1_Threat_2 | n | percent | valid_percent |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 38 | 3.8% | 3.8% |
| 2 | 23 | 2.3% | 2.3% |
| 3 | 113 | 11.3% | 11.3% |
| 4 | 226 | 22.5% | 22.6% |
| 5 | 187 | 18.6% | 18.7% |
| 6 | 415 | 41.4% | 41.4% |
| NA | 1 | 0.1% |
|
| Total | 1003 |
|
|
| n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X1 | 1002 | 4.74 | 1.36 | 5 | 4.93 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -0.93 | 0.22 | 0.04 |
| X11 | 131 | 4.88 | 1.30 | 5 | 5.10 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -1.19 | 1.06 | 0.11 |
| X12 | 117 | 4.74 | 1.31 | 5 | 4.89 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -0.88 | 0.19 | 0.12 |
| X13 | 121 | 4.74 | 1.47 | 5 | 4.98 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -1.09 | 0.36 | 0.13 |
| X14 | 130 | 4.84 | 1.43 | 5 | 5.07 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -1.06 | 0.14 | 0.13 |
| X15 | 128 | 4.87 | 1.26 | 5 | 5.02 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -0.89 | 0.17 | 0.11 |
| X16 | 127 | 4.80 | 1.27 | 5 | 4.95 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -0.89 | 0.45 | 0.11 |
| X17 | 122 | 4.59 | 1.37 | 5 | 4.73 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -0.69 | -0.31 | 0.12 |
| X18 | 126 | 4.47 | 1.41 | 5 | 4.63 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -0.62 | -0.42 | 0.13 |
4.1.3 Exp1_PHeffort:
“In general, what do you think about public health efforts to address the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., mask mandates, social distancing, vaccinations)?”
Response scale (slider):
Underreaction (0), — The right amount has been done (50), — Overreaction (100)
| Group | n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 1001 | 58.69 | 23.59 | 57 | 59.44 | 22.24 | 0 | 100 | 100 | -0.27 | -0.18 | 0.75 |
| Control | 326 | 59.45 | 22.44 | 56 | 59.97 | 20.76 | 0 | 100 | 100 | -0.22 | 0.08 | 1.24 |
| TextOnly | 340 | 59.29 | 23.79 | 60 | 60.02 | 20.76 | 0 | 100 | 100 | -0.30 | -0.27 | 1.29 |
| TextPic | 335 | 57.33 | 24.48 | 54 | 58.24 | 25.20 | 0 | 100 | 100 | -0.27 | -0.37 | 1.34 |
4.1.4 Exp1_FamiliarAMR:
“Had you heard of antibiotic resistance before taking this survey?”
Response scale (categorical):
I had never heard of it before (1), I had already heard of it but I did not know what it means (2), I had already heard of it and I already had some idea of what it means (3), I had heard of it and I already knew exactly what it means (4)
| Exp1_FamiliarAMR | n | percent | valid_percent | Exp1_FamiliarAMRFct | n | percent | valid_percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 257 | 25.6% | 25.6% | Had never heard of it | 257 | 25.6% | 25.6% |
| 2 | 156 | 15.6% | 15.6% | Had heard of it but didn’t know what it means | 156 | 15.6% | 15.6% |
| 3 | 329 | 32.8% | 32.8% | Had heard of it & some idea what it means | 329 | 32.8% | 32.8% |
| 4 | 260 | 25.9% | 25.9% | Had heard of it & knew exactly what it means | 260 | 25.9% | 25.9% |
| NA | 1 | 0.1% |
|
NA | 1 | 0.1% |
|
| Total | 1003 |
|
|
Total | 1003 |
|
|
4.2 Exp2: Secondary variables
4.2.1
We had four secondary variables for Experiment 2.
- Willingness to avoid using antibiotics whenever possible
- Willingness of others to avoid using antibiotics whenever possible
- Trust in others to use antibiotics appropriately
- Trust in doctors to prescribe antibiotics appropriately
- Belief in public efforts to reduce threat of AMR
4.2.2 Exp2_WillingSelf:
One way to reduce antibiotic resistance is for people to avoid using antibiotics whenever possible, even when they feel sick. How willing do you think you would be to do this
Response scale (likert):
Very unwilling (1), Unwilling (2), Willing (3), Very willing (4)
| label | levels | Exp1_Control | Exp1_TextOnly | Exp1_TextPic | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 327 (32.6) | 341 (34.0) | 335 (33.4) | 1003 | |
| WillingSelf_Fct | Unwilling | 52 (16.0) | 39 (11.4) | 33 (9.9) | 124 (12.4) |
| Very unwilling | 26 (8.0) | 20 (5.9) | 21 (6.3) | 67 (6.7) | |
| Very willing | 104 (31.9) | 119 (34.9) | 127 (38.0) | 350 (35.0) | |
| Willing | 144 (44.2) | 163 (47.8) | 153 (45.8) | 460 (46.0) |
| Group | n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 1001 | 3.09 | 0.86 | 3 | 3.20 | 1.48 | 1 | 4 | 3 | -0.82 | 0.15 | 0.03 |
| Control | 326 | 3.00 | 0.89 | 3 | 3.10 | 1.48 | 1 | 4 | 3 | -0.67 | -0.26 | 0.05 |
| TextOnly | 341 | 3.12 | 0.83 | 3 | 3.22 | 1.48 | 1 | 4 | 3 | -0.84 | 0.33 | 0.04 |
| TextPic | 334 | 3.16 | 0.84 | 3 | 3.27 | 1.48 | 1 | 4 | 3 | -0.93 | 0.44 | 0.05 |
4.2.3 Exp2_WillingOthers:
One way to reduce antibiotic resistance is for people to avoid using antibiotics whenever possible, even when they feel sick. How willing do you think other people would be to do this.
Response scale (likert):
Very unwilling (1), Unwilling (2), Willing (3), Very willing (4)
| label | levels | Exp1_Control | Exp1_TextOnly | Exp1_TextPic | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 327 (32.6) | 341 (34.0) | 335 (33.4) | 1003 | |
| WillingOthers_2Fct | Very unwilling | 24 (7.4) | 20 (5.9) | 26 (7.8) | 70 (7.0) |
| Unwilling | 109 (33.6) | 118 (34.8) | 112 (33.5) | 339 (34.0) | |
| Willing | 143 (44.1) | 156 (46.0) | 150 (44.9) | 449 (45.0) | |
| Very willing | 48 (14.8) | 45 (13.3) | 46 (13.8) | 139 (13.9) |
| Group | n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 997 | 2.66 | 0.80 | 3 | 2.66 | 1.48 | 1 | 4 | 3 | -0.12 | -0.47 | 0.03 |
| Control | 324 | 2.66 | 0.82 | 3 | 2.67 | 1.48 | 1 | 4 | 3 | -0.13 | -0.52 | 0.05 |
| TextOnly | 339 | 2.67 | 0.78 | 3 | 2.66 | 1.48 | 1 | 4 | 3 | -0.09 | -0.43 | 0.04 |
| TextPic | 334 | 2.65 | 0.81 | 3 | 2.66 | 1.48 | 1 | 4 | 3 | -0.14 | -0.49 | 0.04 |
4.2.4 Exp2_ReduceAMR:
If most people avoided using antibiotics whenever possible, how much would this help reduce the threat of antibiotic resistance?
Response scale (likert):
Response scale: Not at all (1), Not very much (2), Somewhat (3), Very much (4).
| label | levels | Exp1_Control | Exp1_TextOnly | Exp1_TextPic | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 327 (32.6) | 341 (34.0) | 335 (33.4) | 1003 | |
| ReduceAMRFct | Not at all | 16 (4.9) | 11 (3.2) | 13 (3.9) | 40 (4.0) |
| Not very much | 30 (9.2) | 44 (12.9) | 31 (9.3) | 105 (10.5) | |
| Somewhat | 162 (49.5) | 177 (51.9) | 154 (46.0) | 493 (49.2) | |
| Very much | 119 (36.4) | 109 (32.0) | 137 (40.9) | 365 (36.4) |
| Group | n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 1003 | 3.18 | 0.77 | 3 | 3.27 | 1.48 | 1 | 4 | 3 | -0.84 | 0.56 | 0.02 |
| Control | 327 | 3.17 | 0.79 | 3 | 3.28 | 1.48 | 1 | 4 | 3 | -0.91 | 0.71 | 0.04 |
| TextOnly | 341 | 3.13 | 0.75 | 3 | 3.20 | 0.00 | 1 | 4 | 3 | -0.67 | 0.32 | 0.04 |
| TextPic | 335 | 3.24 | 0.78 | 3 | 3.35 | 1.48 | 1 | 4 | 3 | -0.94 | 0.68 | 0.04 |
4.2.5 Exp2_TrustOthers:
Most people can be trusted to use antibiotics appropriately
Response scale (likert):
Strongly disagree (1), Disagree (2), Somewhat disagree (3), Somewhat agree (4), Agree (5), Strongly agree (6).
| label | levels | Exp1_Control | Exp1_TextOnly | Exp1_TextPic | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 327 (32.6) | 341 (34.0) | 335 (33.4) | 1003 | |
| TrustPeopleAbx_1Fct | Strongly disagree | 22 (6.7) | 19 (5.6) | 25 (7.5) | 66 (6.6) |
| Disagree | 29 (8.9) | 37 (10.9) | 36 (10.7) | 102 (10.2) | |
| Somewhat disagree | 77 (23.5) | 86 (25.2) | 67 (20.0) | 230 (22.9) | |
| Somewhat agree | 90 (27.5) | 106 (31.1) | 103 (30.7) | 299 (29.8) | |
| Agree | 71 (21.7) | 63 (18.5) | 77 (23.0) | 211 (21.0) | |
| Strongly agree | 38 (11.6) | 30 (8.8) | 27 (8.1) | 95 (9.5) |
| Group | n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 1003 | 3.77 | 1.33 | 4 | 3.80 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -0.26 | -0.51 | 0.04 |
| Control | 327 | 3.83 | 1.36 | 4 | 3.88 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -0.27 | -0.56 | 0.08 |
| TextOnly | 341 | 3.72 | 1.29 | 4 | 3.74 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -0.17 | -0.46 | 0.07 |
| TextPic | 335 | 3.75 | 1.34 | 4 | 3.81 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -0.35 | -0.53 | 0.07 |
4.2.6 Exp2_TrustDrs:
Doctors can be trusted to prescribe antibiotics appropriately
Response scale (likert):
Strongly disagree (1), Disagree (2), Somewhat disagree (3), Somewhat agree (4), Agree (5), Strongly agree (6).
| label | levels | Exp1_Control | Exp1_TextOnly | Exp1_TextPic | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 327 (32.6) | 341 (34.0) | 335 (33.4) | 1003 | |
| TrustPeopleAbx_2Fct | Strongly disagree | 6 (1.8) | 9 (2.6) | 10 (3.0) | 25 (2.5) |
| Disagree | 14 (4.3) | 15 (4.4) | 17 (5.1) | 46 (4.6) | |
| Somewhat disagree | 45 (13.8) | 49 (14.4) | 36 (10.7) | 130 (13.0) | |
| Somewhat agree | 97 (29.8) | 107 (31.5) | 110 (32.8) | 314 (31.4) | |
| Agree | 97 (29.8) | 99 (29.1) | 100 (29.9) | 296 (29.6) | |
| Strongly agree | 67 (20.6) | 61 (17.9) | 62 (18.5) | 190 (19.0) |
| Group | n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 1001 | 4.38 | 1.20 | 4 | 4.47 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -0.61 | 0.11 | 0.04 |
| Control | 326 | 4.43 | 1.19 | 5 | 4.51 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -0.55 | -0.05 | 0.07 |
| TextOnly | 340 | 4.34 | 1.21 | 4 | 4.42 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -0.57 | 0.06 | 0.07 |
| TextPic | 335 | 4.37 | 1.22 | 4 | 4.48 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -0.68 | 0.26 | 0.07 |
4.3 Course Lengths
4.3.1
We then asked all respondents questions about the following topics:
- Efficacy and safety of short vs long courses
- Preferences for short or long courses
- Trust in Dr recommendations and side effect concerns
4.3.2 CL_Worry:
How concerned are you that if you don’t finish a course of antibiotics, they won’t work for you in the future?
Response scale (likert):
Not at all concerned (1), Slightly concerned (2), Somewhat concerned (3), Moderately concerned (4), Extremely concerned (5), Not sure (6).
| label | levels | Exp1_Control | Exp1_TextOnly | Exp1_TextPic | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 327 (32.6) | 341 (34.0) | 335 (33.4) | 1003 | |
| CL_FutureWorryFct | Not at all concerned | 63 (19.3) | 49 (14.4) | 53 (15.8) | 165 (16.5) |
| Slightly concerned | 38 (11.6) | 50 (14.7) | 42 (12.5) | 130 (13.0) | |
| Somewhat concerned | 51 (15.6) | 68 (19.9) | 63 (18.8) | 182 (18.1) | |
| Moderately concerned | 76 (23.2) | 84 (24.6) | 94 (28.1) | 254 (25.3) | |
| Extremely concerned | 79 (24.2) | 74 (21.7) | 67 (20.0) | 220 (21.9) | |
| Not sure | 20 (6.1) | 16 (4.7) | 16 (4.8) | 52 (5.2) |
| Group | n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 951 | 3.25 | 1.40 | 3 | 3.31 | 1.48 | 1 | 5 | 4 | -0.32 | -1.18 | 0.05 |
| Control | 307 | 3.23 | 1.48 | 4 | 3.28 | 1.48 | 1 | 5 | 4 | -0.30 | -1.32 | 0.08 |
| TextOnly | 325 | 3.26 | 1.37 | 3 | 3.32 | 1.48 | 1 | 5 | 4 | -0.29 | -1.14 | 0.08 |
| TextPic | 319 | 3.25 | 1.37 | 4 | 3.31 | 1.48 | 1 | 5 | 4 | -0.35 | -1.11 | 0.08 |
4.3.3 CL_TrustDr:
I completely trust my doctor’s advice about the length of antibiotic course I should take.
Response scale (likert):
Strongly disagree (1), Disagree (2), Somewhat disagree (3), Somewhat agree (4), Agree (5), Strongly agree (6).
| label | levels | Exp1_Control | Exp1_TextOnly | Exp1_TextPic | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 327 (32.6) | 341 (34.0) | 335 (33.4) | 1003 | |
| CL_TrustFct | Strongly disagree | 3 (0.9) | 5 (1.5) | 9 (2.7) | 17 (1.7) |
| Disagree | 9 (2.8) | 14 (4.1) | 2 (0.6) | 25 (2.5) | |
| Somewhat disagree | 17 (5.2) | 20 (5.9) | 20 (6.0) | 57 (5.7) | |
| Somewhat agree | 75 (22.9) | 92 (27.0) | 85 (25.4) | 252 (25.1) | |
| Agree | 124 (37.9) | 141 (41.3) | 135 (40.3) | 400 (39.9) | |
| Strongly agree | 99 (30.3) | 69 (20.2) | 84 (25.1) | 252 (25.1) |
| Group | n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 1003 | 4.74 | 1.08 | 5 | 4.88 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -1.04 | 1.43 | 0.03 |
| Control | 327 | 4.85 | 1.06 | 5 | 4.98 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -0.99 | 1.09 | 0.06 |
| TextOnly | 341 | 4.63 | 1.09 | 5 | 4.75 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -0.97 | 1.10 | 0.06 |
| TextPic | 335 | 4.75 | 1.08 | 5 | 4.88 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -1.17 | 2.07 | 0.06 |
4.3.4 CL_SideEffectWorry:
How concerned are you about experiencing short-term side effects from taking antibiotics?
Response scale (likert):
Not at all concerned (1), Slightly concerned (2), Somewhat concerned (3), Moderately concerned (4), Extremely concerned (5), Not sure (6).
| label | levels | Exp1_Control | Exp1_TextOnly | Exp1_TextPic | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 327 (32.6) | 341 (34.0) | 335 (33.4) | 1003 | |
| CL_SideEffectWorryFct | Not at all concerned | 53 (16.2) | 55 (16.2) | 68 (20.3) | 176 (17.6) |
| Slightly concerned | 72 (22.0) | 60 (17.6) | 56 (16.7) | 188 (18.8) | |
| Somewhat concerned | 66 (20.2) | 74 (21.8) | 60 (17.9) | 200 (20.0) | |
| Moderately concerned | 58 (17.7) | 71 (20.9) | 81 (24.2) | 210 (21.0) | |
| Extremely concerned | 64 (19.6) | 74 (21.8) | 57 (17.0) | 195 (19.5) | |
| Not sure | 14 (4.3) | 6 (1.8) | 13 (3.9) | 33 (3.3) |
| Group | n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 969 | 3.06 | 1.39 | 3 | 3.08 | 1.48 | 1 | 5 | 4 | -0.07 | -1.26 | 0.04 |
| Control | 313 | 3.03 | 1.38 | 3 | 3.03 | 1.48 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 0.03 | -1.26 | 0.08 |
| TextOnly | 334 | 3.15 | 1.39 | 3 | 3.18 | 1.48 | 1 | 5 | 4 | -0.13 | -1.23 | 0.08 |
| TextPic | 322 | 3.01 | 1.41 | 3 | 3.01 | 1.48 | 1 | 5 | 4 | -0.09 | -1.31 | 0.08 |
4.3.5 CL_LongEffectWorry:
How concerned are you about experiencing long-term side effects from taking antibiotics?
Response scale (likert):
Not at all concerned (1), Slightly concerned (2), Somewhat concerned (3), Moderately concerned (4), Extremely concerned (5), Not sure (6).
| label | levels | Exp1_Control | Exp1_TextOnly | Exp1_TextPic | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 327 (32.6) | 341 (34.0) | 335 (33.4) | 1003 | |
| CL_LongEffectWorryFct | Not at all concerned | 53 (16.2) | 53 (15.6) | 61 (18.2) | 167 (16.7) |
| Slightly concerned | 55 (16.8) | 58 (17.1) | 58 (17.3) | 171 (17.1) | |
| Somewhat concerned | 51 (15.6) | 53 (15.6) | 61 (18.2) | 165 (16.5) | |
| Moderately concerned | 60 (18.3) | 73 (21.5) | 60 (17.9) | 193 (19.3) | |
| Extremely concerned | 93 (28.4) | 94 (27.6) | 85 (25.4) | 272 (27.1) | |
| Not sure | 15 (4.6) | 9 (2.6) | 10 (3.0) | 34 (3.4) |
| Group | n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 968 | 3.24 | 1.46 | 3 | 3.30 | 1.48 | 1 | 5 | 4 | -0.21 | -1.35 | 0.05 |
| Control | 312 | 3.27 | 1.47 | 3 | 3.34 | 1.48 | 1 | 5 | 4 | -0.23 | -1.37 | 0.08 |
| TextOnly | 331 | 3.29 | 1.45 | 4 | 3.37 | 1.48 | 1 | 5 | 4 | -0.27 | -1.31 | 0.08 |
| TextPic | 325 | 3.15 | 1.46 | 3 | 3.19 | 1.48 | 1 | 5 | 4 | -0.13 | -1.37 | 0.08 |
5 Respondent Characteristics
5.1 Individual differences
5.1.1
We asked respondents about…
- Maximizing | Lack of belief in science | Political leaning | Political affiliation
5.1.2 ID_MinMax:
Sometimes, medical action is clearly necessary, and sometimes it is clearly NOT necessary. Other times, people differ in their beliefs about whether medical action is needed. In medical situations where it’s not clear, do you tend to lean towards taking action or do you lean towards waiting and seeing if action is needed? Importantly, there is no “right” way to be. Please answer on the 1-6 scale below:
Response scale (likert):
I lean toward waiting and seeing (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), I lean toward taking action (6).
| ID_MinMax | n | percent |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 163 | 16.3% |
| 2 | 128 | 12.8% |
| 3 | 211 | 21.0% |
| 4 | 209 | 20.8% |
| 5 | 151 | 15.1% |
| 6 | 141 | 14.1% |
| Total | 1003 |
|
| n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1003 | 3.48 | 1.62 | 3 | 3.47 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -0.02 | -1.08 | 0.05 |
5.1.3 ID_BeliefInScience:
Please indicate howmuch you agree or disagree with each statement.
Response scale (likert):
Strongly disagree (1), Disagree (2), Somewhat disagree (3), Neither agree nor disagree (4), Somewhat agree (5), Agree (6), Strongly agree (7).
Use button to check reliability statistics for the lack of belief in science scale (Cronbach’s alpha).
##
## Reliability analysis
## Call: psych::alpha(x = df[, c(BISSvars)])
##
## raw_alpha std.alpha G6(smc) average_r S/N ase mean sd median_r
## 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.61 9.3 0.0047 4 1.4 0.56
##
## 95% confidence boundaries
## lower alpha upper
## Feldt 0.89 0.9 0.91
## Duhachek 0.89 0.9 0.91
##
## Reliability if an item is dropped:
## raw_alpha std.alpha G6(smc) average_r S/N alpha se var.r
## ID_BeliefinScience_1 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.64 9.0 0.0049 0.0082
## ID_BeliefinScience_2 0.89 0.89 0.88 0.62 8.3 0.0052 0.0112
## ID_BeliefinScience_3 0.89 0.89 0.88 0.62 8.2 0.0053 0.0099
## ID_BeliefinScience_4 0.87 0.87 0.86 0.58 6.8 0.0063 0.0055
## ID_BeliefinScience_5 0.88 0.88 0.86 0.59 7.1 0.0061 0.0044
## ID_BeliefinScience_6 0.88 0.88 0.87 0.60 7.4 0.0059 0.0072
## med.r
## ID_BeliefinScience_1 0.60
## ID_BeliefinScience_2 0.58
## ID_BeliefinScience_3 0.56
## ID_BeliefinScience_4 0.56
## ID_BeliefinScience_5 0.56
## ID_BeliefinScience_6 0.57
##
## Item statistics
## n raw.r std.r r.cor r.drop mean sd
## ID_BeliefinScience_1 1003 0.75 0.75 0.67 0.64 4.1 1.6
## ID_BeliefinScience_2 1003 0.78 0.79 0.72 0.68 4.3 1.5
## ID_BeliefinScience_3 1003 0.79 0.79 0.73 0.70 4.0 1.6
## ID_BeliefinScience_4 1003 0.89 0.88 0.87 0.83 4.0 1.8
## ID_BeliefinScience_5 1003 0.87 0.86 0.85 0.80 3.9 1.7
## ID_BeliefinScience_6 1003 0.85 0.85 0.82 0.77 3.8 1.8
##
## Non missing response frequency for each item
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 miss
## ID_BeliefinScience_1 0.07 0.11 0.14 0.27 0.19 0.16 0.07 0
## ID_BeliefinScience_2 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.27 0.25 0.16 0.07 0
## ID_BeliefinScience_3 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.32 0.19 0.11 0.06 0
## ID_BeliefinScience_4 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.23 0.19 0.12 0.09 0
## ID_BeliefinScience_5 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.23 0.19 0.11 0.07 0
## ID_BeliefinScience_6 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.25 0.16 0.12 0.07 0| n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1003 | 4.03 | 1.37 | 4 | 4.05 | 1.48 | 1 | 7 | 6 | -0.16 | -0.35 | 0.04 |
5.1.4 ID_PoliticalSocial:
How would you describe your political outlook with regard to social issues?
Response scale (categorical):
Very liberal (1), Liberal (2), Slightly liberal (3), Moderate (4), Slightly conservative (5), Conservative (6), Very conservative (7), Prefer not to say (8).
| ID_PolSocial | n | percent | valid_percent | ID_PolSocialFct | n | percent | valid_percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 94 | 9.4% | 9.4% | Very liberal | 94 | 9.4% | 9.4% |
| 2 | 116 | 11.6% | 11.6% | Liberal | 116 | 11.6% | 11.6% |
| 3 | 83 | 8.3% | 8.3% | Slightly liberal | 83 | 8.3% | 8.3% |
| 4 | 372 | 37.1% | 37.1% | Moderate | 372 | 37.1% | 37.1% |
| 5 | 91 | 9.1% | 9.1% | Slightly conservative | 91 | 9.1% | 9.1% |
| 6 | 110 | 11.0% | 11.0% | Conservative | 110 | 11.0% | 11.0% |
| 7 | 70 | 7.0% | 7.0% | Very conservative | 70 | 7.0% | 7.0% |
| 8 | 66 | 6.6% | 6.6% | Prefer not to say | 66 | 6.6% | 6.6% |
| NA | 1 | 0.1% |
|
NA | 1 | 0.1% |
|
| Total | 1003 |
|
|
Total | 1003 |
|
|
| n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 936 | 3.92 | 1.65 | 4 | 3.93 | 1.48 | 1 | 7 | 6 | -0.02 | -0.56 | 0.05 |
5.1.5 ID_PoliticalAffiliation:
Which political party are you affiliated with?
Response scale (categorical):
Democrat (1), Republican (2), Independent (3), Liberal third party (4), Conservative third party (5), No political party affiliation (6), Prefer not to say (7).
|
|
5.2 Medical history
5.2.1
We asked respondents about their medical history regarding…
- Prior antibiotic use | Preexisting comorbidities | COVID-19 infection and vaccination history
5.2.2 D_AbxUse:
In the past 12 months, I have taken antibiotics…
Response scale (likert):
0 times (1), 1 time (2), 2 times (3), 3 times (4), 4 times (5), 5 or more times (6).
| D_AbxUse | n | percent | D_AbxUseFct | n | percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 465 | 46.4% | 0 times | 465 | 46.4% |
| 2 | 248 | 24.7% | 1 time | 248 | 24.7% |
| 3 | 153 | 15.3% | 2 times | 153 | 15.3% |
| 4 | 76 | 7.6% | 3 times | 76 | 7.6% |
| 5 | 22 | 2.2% | 4 times | 22 | 2.2% |
| 6 | 39 | 3.9% | 5 or more times | 39 | 3.9% |
| Total | 1003 |
|
Total | 1003 |
|
| n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1003 | 2.06 | 1.32 | 2 | 1.83 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 1.33 | 1.23 | 0.04 |
5.2.3 D_PreExist:
Do you have a pre-existing health condition–respiratory illness, cancer, heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, immunocompromised etc.–that may make you more vulnerable to infections (e.g., COVID-19)?
Response scale (categorical):
No (1), Yes (2), Unsure (3).
|
|
5.2.4 D_Comorbidities:
As far as you know, do you have any of the following health conditions at the present time?
- Asthma, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis, COPD (other lung disease)
- Arthritis or rheumatism
- Cancer, diagnosed in the past 3 years
- Diabetes
- Digestive problems (such as ulcer, colitis, or gallbladder disease)
- Heart trouble (such as angina, congestive heart failure, or coronary artery disease, having a past heart attack)
- HIV illness or AIDS
- Kidney disease
- Liver problems (such as cirrhosis)
- Stroke
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Very overweight or obese
Response scale (categorical):
No, I do not have this condition (0), Yes, I have this condition (1).
| vars | n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total comorbidities | 1 | 1003 | 1.29 | 1.91 | 1 | 0.89 | 1.48 | 0 | 12 | 12 | 2.56 | 8.71 | 0.06 |
| label | levels | 0 | 1 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N (%) | 13 (1.3) | 990 (98.7) | 1003 | |
| Asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, COPD (other lung disease) | 0 | 9 (69.2) | 806 (81.5) | 815 (81.3) |
| 1 | 4 (30.8) | 183 (18.5) | 187 (18.7) | |
| Arthritis or rheumatism | 0 | 8 (61.5) | 804 (81.5) | 812 (81.3) |
| 1 | 5 (38.5) | 182 (18.5) | 187 (18.7) | |
| Cancer, diagnosed in the past 3 years | 0 | 13 (100.0) | 939 (95.2) | 952 (95.3) |
| 1 | 0 (0.0) | 47 (4.8) | 47 (4.7) | |
| Diabetes | 0 | 8 (61.5) | 874 (88.6) | 882 (88.2) |
| 1 | 5 (38.5) | 113 (11.4) | 118 (11.8) | |
| Digestive problems (such as ulcer, colitis, or gallbladder disease) | 0 | 12 (92.3) | 900 (91.3) | 912 (91.3) |
| 1 | 1 (7.7) | 86 (8.7) | 87 (8.7) | |
| Heart trouble (e.g. angina, CHF, CAD, past heart attack) | 0 | 10 (76.9) | 927 (94.1) | 937 (93.9) |
| 1 | 3 (23.1) | 58 (5.9) | 61 (6.1) | |
| HIV illness or AIDS | 0 | 13 (100.0) | 950 (96.3) | 963 (96.4) |
| 1 | 0 (0.0) | 36 (3.7) | 36 (3.6) | |
| Kidney disease | 0 | 12 (92.3) | 941 (95.5) | 953 (95.5) |
| 1 | 1 (7.7) | 44 (4.5) | 45 (4.5) | |
| Liver problems (e.g. cirrhosis) | 0 | 12 (92.3) | 954 (96.8) | 966 (96.7) |
| 1 | 1 (7.7) | 32 (3.2) | 33 (3.3) | |
| Stroke | 0 | 12 (92.3) | 945 (95.8) | 957 (95.8) |
| 1 | 1 (7.7) | 41 (4.2) | 42 (4.2) | |
| High blood pressure (hypertension) | 0 | 7 (53.8) | 722 (73.2) | 729 (73.0) |
| 1 | 6 (46.2) | 264 (26.8) | 270 (27.0) | |
| Very overweight or obese | 0 | 7 (53.8) | 811 (82.3) | 818 (82.0) |
| 1 | 6 (46.2) | 174 (17.7) | 180 (18.0) |
| CCI_OrNot | n | percent |
|---|---|---|
| None | 463 | 46.2% |
| At least one | 540 | 53.8% |
| Total | 1003 |
|
5.2.5 D_VaxStatus:
Which of the following describes your COVID-19 vaccination status?
Use this button to see the raw coding of the vaccinations status questions.
Which of the following describes your COVID-19 vaccination status?
| D_CV19Vax | n | percent | valid_percent | D_CV19VaxFct | n | percent | valid_percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 259 | 25.8% | 26.0% | Not received a COVID-19 vaccine | 259 | 25.8% | 26.0% |
| 2 | 587 | 58.5% | 58.9% | Received ≥1-dose of a Pfizer or Moderna vaccine | 587 | 58.5% | 58.9% |
| 3 | 151 | 15.1% | 15.1% | Received ≥1-dose of a J&J or Novavax vaccine | 151 | 15.1% | 15.1% |
| NA | 6 | 0.6% |
|
NA | 6 | 0.6% |
|
| Total | 1003 |
|
|
Total | 1003 |
|
|
For those who received ≥1 dose of either Pfizer or Moderna
| D_CV19Vax_Ext1 | n | percent | valid_percent | D_CV19Vax_Ext1Fct | n | percent | valid_percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 184 | 18.3% | 31.4% | Not completed a full series | 184 | 18.3% | 31.4% |
| 2 | 200 | 19.9% | 34.1% | Completed primary series | 200 | 19.9% | 34.1% |
| 3 | 202 | 20.1% | 34.5% | Completed primary series & received a booster | 202 | 20.1% | 34.5% |
| NA | 417 | 41.6% |
|
NA | 417 | 41.6% |
|
| Total | 1003 |
|
|
Total | 1003 |
|
|
For those who received ≥1 dose of either J&J or Novavax
| D_CV19Vax_Ext2 | n | percent | valid_percent | D_CV19Vax_Ext2Fct | n | percent | valid_percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14 | 1.4% | 9.3% | Not completed a full series | 14 | 1.4% | 9.3% |
| 2 | 47 | 4.7% | 31.1% | Completed primary series | 47 | 4.7% | 31.1% |
| 3 | 90 | 9.0% | 59.6% | Completed primary series & received a booster | 90 | 9.0% | 59.6% |
| NA | 852 | 84.9% |
|
NA | 852 | 84.9% |
|
| Total | 1003 |
|
|
Total | 1003 |
|
|
| VaxStatus | n | percent |
|---|---|---|
| Not received a COVID-19 vaccine | 259 | 25.8% |
| Received ≥1-dose of a Pfizer or Moderna vaccine | 587 | 58.5% |
| Not completed a full series | 184 | 31.3% |
| Completed primary series | 200 | 34.1% |
| Completed primary series & received a booster | 202 | 34.4% |
| NA | 1 | 0.2% |
| Total | 587 |
|
| Received ≥1-dose of a J&J or Novavax vaccine | 151 | 15.1% |
| Not completed a full series | 14 | 9.3% |
| Completed primary series | 47 | 31.1% |
| Completed primary series & received a booster | 90 | 59.6% |
| Total | 151 |
|
| NA | 6 | 0.6% |
| Total | 1003 |
|
5.2.6 D_VaxPride:
I am proud that I [am/not] vaccinated again COVID-19
Response scale (likert):
Do not agree at all (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5), — (6), — (7), Very much agree (8).
|
|
| vars | n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not vax | 1 | 259 | 6.05 | 2.33 | 7 | 6.41 | 1.48 | 1 | 8 | 7 | -0.88 | -0.44 | 0.14 |
| Vax | 1 | 738 | 5.88 | 2.26 | 6 | 6.18 | 2.97 | 1 | 8 | 7 | -0.77 | -0.60 | 0.08 |
5.2.7 D_HadCov:
Have you had COVID-19?
Response scale (categorical):
No, I have not had COVID-19 (1), Yes, but I did not have any symptoms (asymptomatic) (2), Yes, mild symptoms (3), Yes, I was seriously ill and DID NOT require hospitalization (4), Yes, I was seriously ill and DID require hospitalization (5).
| D_HadCoV1 | n | percent | D_HadCoV1Fct | n | percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 478 | 47.7% | No, I have not had COVID-19 | 478 | 47.7% |
| 2 | 44 | 4.4% | Yes, but no symptoms | 44 | 4.4% |
| 3 | 318 | 31.7% | Yes, mild symptoms | 318 | 31.7% |
| 4 | 139 | 13.9% | Yes, seriously ill but no hospital | 139 | 13.9% |
| 5 | 24 | 2.4% | Yes, seriously ill and hospitalized | 24 | 2.4% |
| Total | 1003 |
|
Total | 1003 |
|
You said you had COVID-19, have you now recovered?
Response scale (categorical):
No (1), Yes, somewhat (2), Yes, mostly (3), Yes, fully (4).
|
|
D_knwCov2:
Has anyone important to you been seriously ill with COVID-19 (e.g., required some medical care)?
- 1 ~ “Immediate Family”,
- 2 ~ “Wider Family”,
- 3 ~ “Friend”,
- 4 ~ “Work colleague”,
- 5 ~ “No”
Response scale (select all that apply):
| D_KnwCoV | n | percent |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 152 | 15.2% |
| 1,2 | 13 | 1.3% |
| 1,2,3 | 9 | 0.9% |
| 1,2,3,4 | 18 | 1.8% |
| 1,2,4 | 1 | 0.1% |
| 1,3 | 12 | 1.2% |
| 1,3,4 | 5 | 0.5% |
| 1,4 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 2 | 137 | 13.7% |
| 2,3 | 15 | 1.5% |
| 2,3,4 | 3 | 0.3% |
| 2,4 | 2 | 0.2% |
| 3 | 71 | 7.1% |
| 3,4 | 7 | 0.7% |
| 4 | 17 | 1.7% |
| 5 | 539 | 53.7% |
| Total | 1003 |
|
5.3 Demographics
5.3.1
We asked respondents about four additional demographics…
- Education | Residence | Health literacy | Subjective numeracy
5.3.2 D_Edu:
What is the highest level of schooling you have completed?
Response scale (categorical):
None (1), Elementary school (2), Some high school but no diploma (3), High school (Diploma or GED) (4), Some college, but no degree (5), Trade school (6), Bachelor’s degree (BS BA etc.) (7), Master’s degree (MA MPH etc.) (8), Doctoral/Professional degree (PhD MD etc.) (9)
|
|
5.3.3 D_Residence:
How would you best describe the place where you live?
Response scale (categorical):
Rural (1), Small (less than 100000) (2), Suburban near large city (3), Mid sized city (100000 to 1 million) (4), large city more than 1million (5), Other (6).
|
|
5.3.4 D_HealtLit:
How often do you have someone (like a family member, friend, hospital/clinic worker or caregiver) help you read instructions, pamphlets or other written health materials from your doctor or pharmacy?
Response scale (likert): Never (1), Rarely (2), Sometimes (3), Often (4), Always (5).
| D_HealthLit | n | percent | valid_percent | D_HealthLitFct | n | percent | valid_percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 549 | 54.7% | 54.8% | Never | 549 | 54.7% | 54.8% |
| 2 | 164 | 16.4% | 16.4% | Rarely | 164 | 16.4% | 16.4% |
| 3 | 176 | 17.5% | 17.6% | Sometimes | 176 | 17.5% | 17.6% |
| 4 | 70 | 7.0% | 7.0% | Often | 70 | 7.0% | 7.0% |
| 5 | 42 | 4.2% | 4.2% | Always | 42 | 4.2% | 4.2% |
| NA | 2 | 0.2% |
|
NA | 2 | 0.2% |
|
| Total | 1003 |
|
|
Total | 1003 |
|
|
| n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1001 | 1.89 | 1.17 | 1 | 1.69 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 1.1 | 0.14 | 0.04 |
5.3.5 D_Numeracy:
- Q1. How good are you at working with fractions?
- Q2. How good are you at figuring out how much a shirt will cost if it is 25% off?
Response scale (likert): Not at all good (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5) Extremely good (6).
- Q3. How often do you find numerical information to be useful?
Response scale (likert): Never (1), — (2), — (3), — (4), — (5) Very often (6).
Use button to check reliability statistics for the subjective numeracy scale (Cronbach’s alpha).
##
## Reliability analysis
## Call: psych::alpha(x = df[, c(NUMSvars)])
##
## raw_alpha std.alpha G6(smc) average_r S/N ase mean sd median_r
## 0.82 0.82 0.75 0.6 4.4 0.01 4.3 1.2 0.6
##
## 95% confidence boundaries
## lower alpha upper
## Feldt 0.79 0.82 0.83
## Duhachek 0.80 0.82 0.83
##
## Reliability if an item is dropped:
## raw_alpha std.alpha G6(smc) average_r S/N alpha se var.r med.r
## D_Num1 0.75 0.75 0.60 0.60 2.9 0.016 NA 0.60
## D_Num2 0.73 0.74 0.58 0.58 2.8 0.017 NA 0.58
## D_Num3 0.76 0.76 0.61 0.61 3.2 0.015 NA 0.61
##
## Item statistics
## n raw.r std.r r.cor r.drop mean sd
## D_Num1 1000 0.86 0.86 0.74 0.67 4.0 1.5
## D_Num2 1001 0.86 0.86 0.75 0.68 4.4 1.5
## D_Num3 1001 0.84 0.85 0.72 0.65 4.5 1.4
##
## Non missing response frequency for each item
## 1 2 3 4 5 6 miss
## D_Num1 0.09 0.08 0.20 0.24 0.19 0.20 0
## D_Num2 0.05 0.06 0.15 0.21 0.21 0.32 0
## D_Num3 0.05 0.03 0.15 0.24 0.25 0.28 0| Variable | n | mean | sd | median | trimmed | mad | min | max | range | skew | kurtosis | se |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 1001 | 4.29 | 1.24 | 4.33 | 4.38 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -0.53 | -0.30 | 0.04 |
| Fraction | 1000 | 3.98 | 1.50 | 4.00 | 4.08 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -0.35 | -0.74 | 0.05 |
| Percent | 1001 | 4.44 | 1.47 | 5.00 | 4.61 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -0.68 | -0.43 | 0.05 |
| Useful | 1001 | 4.45 | 1.37 | 5.00 | 4.60 | 1.48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | -0.72 | -0.09 | 0.04 |
6 Final Comments
“Is there anything else you would like to share with us?”
- Responses of “none”, “None”, “nothing”, “Nothing”, “no”, “No”, “NA”, “N/A”, “na”, “Na”, and ” “, are automatically removed.