About Me:

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sujith-prakash-parsa-6a75b91b7/

Hello! I’m Sujith Prakash Parsa, a motivated data scientist with hands-on experience in academic and real-world settings. I am pursuing a Master’s degree in Data Science and Analytics at Grand Valley State University and expect to graduate in April 2024 with a strong academic record reflected by a 3.80 GPA.

My expertise spans a broad range of technical skills, including Python, R, and SAS programming, and proficiency in data engineering tools and methodologies such as Data Lakes, ETL processes, and AWS core services. I am exceptionally skilled in machine learning, with practical experience using TensorFlow and MLFlow, and have applied these skills in projects that predict IPL winners, and classify text messages.

In addition to my technical understanding, I am keenly interested in solving complex problems using data-driven insights. This has led me to participate in internships, such as my recent role at DataX Lab at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, where I developed a desktop application for analyzing pathological images.

Driven by a passion for continuous learning and development, I have earned certifications in Python and SAS programming and have participated in numerous Kaggle competitions. My career goal is to leverage my data science expertise to provide innovative solutions and contribute positively to the field.

I am excited about the prospect of joining a forward-thinking organization that values innovation and impact. I am eager to apply my skills and passion for data science to drive meaningful results. Let’s connect and explore how we can collaborate to make a difference!

Course objectives:

  1. Describe probability as a foundation of statistical modeling, including inference and maximum likelihood estimation
  2. Determine and apply the appropriate generalized linear model for a specific data context
  3. Conduct model selection for a set of candidate models
  4. Communicate the results of statistical models to a general audience
  5. Use programming software (i.e., R) to fit and assess statistical models

Project:

Title: Predicting Crop Production for Agricultural Planning

Introduction:

This project dives deep into farming data from a group called “The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics” (ICRISAT). I want to determine what affects the amount of crops grown, where they’re grown, and how much is harvested in different places and years. The goal is to find useful information that could help farmers do better and make more brilliant rules about farming.

I am going to use fancy math to look at the data. We’re checking out things like how the size of farmland for certain crops affects how much is grown and harvested. I use different kinds of math depending on what I look at, from more straightforward stuff like regular math to more complicated methods like GLMs and multinomial logistic regression.

This project isn’t just about farming facts; it’s also about showing how math and computer programming can solve real-world problems. I want to find clear answers to help make better farming decisions and manage farms more efficiently.

Loading the Required Libraries:

library(dplyr)
## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
library(tidyr)
library(readr)
library(ggplot2)
library(caret)
## Loading required package: lattice
library(gbm)
## Loaded gbm 2.1.9
## This version of gbm is no longer under development. Consider transitioning to gbm3, https://github.com/gbm-developers/gbm3
library(scales)  
## 
## Attaching package: 'scales'
## The following object is masked from 'package:readr':
## 
##     col_factor
library(MASS)
## 
## Attaching package: 'MASS'
## The following object is masked from 'package:dplyr':
## 
##     select
library(nnet)
library(VGAM)
## Loading required package: stats4
## Loading required package: splines
## 
## Attaching package: 'VGAM'
## The following object is masked from 'package:caret':
## 
##     predictors

About the Data:

The data sets used in this project are taken from “The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics” (ICRISAT). After scouring the internet for a suitable data I was able to find this particular data set. This particular data consists of the following columns Year, District code and name, State code and name, Crops as each column of Area, production and yield.

Use the following link to access the dataset: “http://data.icrisat.org/dld/src/crops.html”

Loading the Data:

data <-  read.csv('C:/Users/parsa/Downloads/ICRISAT-District Level Data.csv')
data1 <- read.csv("C:/Users/parsa/Downloads/ICRISAT-District Level Data 2015.csv")
data2 <- read.csv("C:/Users/parsa/Downloads/ICRISAT-District Level Data 2016.csv")

head(data)
##   Dist.Code Year State.Code   State.Name Dist.Name RICE.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1         1 2017         14 Chhattisgarh      Durg              841.13
## 2         2 2017         14 Chhattisgarh    Bastar              660.36
## 3         3 2017         14 Chhattisgarh    Raipur              959.01
## 4         4 2017         14 Chhattisgarh  Bilaspur              727.94
## 5         5 2017         14 Chhattisgarh   Raigarh              411.12
## 6         6 2017         14 Chhattisgarh   Surguja              377.07
##   RICE.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. RICE.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. WHEAT.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                      983.21                1168.92                43.50
## 2                      801.82                1214.23                 1.24
## 3                     1520.95                1585.96                14.56
## 4                     1295.71                1779.97                15.80
## 5                      623.29                1516.07                 3.91
## 6                      524.07                1389.84                23.18
##   WHEAT.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. WHEAT.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                        50.19                 1153.77
## 2                         2.22                 1783.13
## 3                        23.66                 1625.61
## 4                        21.72                 1374.70
## 5                         6.76                 1728.83
## 6                        37.09                 1599.85
##   KHARIF.SORGHUM.AREA..1000.ha. KHARIF.SORGHUM.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                             0                                     0
## 2                             0                                     0
## 3                             0                                     0
## 4                             0                                     0
## 5                             0                                     0
## 6                             0                                     0
##   KHARIF.SORGHUM.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. RABI.SORGHUM.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                                0                           0
## 2                                0                           0
## 3                                0                           0
## 4                                0                           0
## 5                                0                           0
## 6                                0                           0
##   RABI.SORGHUM.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. RABI.SORGHUM.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                                   0                              0
## 2                                   0                              0
## 3                                   0                              0
## 4                                   0                              0
## 5                                   0                              0
## 6                                   0                              0
##   SORGHUM.AREA..1000.ha. SORGHUM.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                   0.11                           0.14
## 2                   1.49                           1.79
## 3                   0.02                           0.02
## 4                   0.66                           0.90
## 5                   0.10                           0.15
## 6                   1.35                           1.69
##   SORGHUM.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. PEARL.MILLET.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                   1268.62                        0.01
## 2                   1202.96                        0.00
## 3                   1000.00                        0.00
## 4                   1373.28                        0.02
## 5                   1604.17                        0.03
## 6                   1250.37                        0.00
##   PEARL.MILLET.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. PEARL.MILLET.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                                0.00                         333.33
## 2                                0.00                           0.00
## 3                                0.00                           0.00
## 4                                0.01                         437.50
## 5                                0.01                         433.33
## 6                                0.00                           0.00
##   MAIZE.AREA..1000.ha. MAIZE.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. MAIZE.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                 9.25                        18.09                 1956.03
## 2                41.94                       120.22                 2866.36
## 3                 6.13                        13.67                 2228.27
## 4                 7.61                        15.83                 2080.79
## 5                 6.29                        15.81                 2512.80
## 6                48.40                       123.33                 2548.25
##   FINGER.MILLET.AREA..1000.ha. FINGER.MILLET.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                         0.01                                 0.00
## 2                         6.30                                 1.44
## 3                         0.19                                 0.04
## 4                         0.00                                 0.00
## 5                         0.24                                 0.04
## 6                         0.53                                 0.12
##   FINGER.MILLET.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. BARLEY.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                          285.71                  0.00
## 2                          229.02                  0.00
## 3                          229.17                  0.00
## 4                            0.00                  0.18
## 5                          172.84                  0.00
## 6                          225.81                  1.70
##   BARLEY.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. BARLEY.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                          0.00                  1000.00
## 2                          0.00                     0.00
## 3                          0.00                     0.00
## 4                          0.18                   983.33
## 5                          0.00                     0.00
## 6                          1.78                  1048.26
##   CHICKPEA.AREA..1000.ha. CHICKPEA.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                  258.46                          259.45
## 2                    1.39                            1.29
## 3                   31.38                           34.48
## 4                   39.08                           32.29
## 5                    1.16                            1.18
## 6                    3.55                            2.99
##   CHICKPEA.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. PIGEONPEA.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                    1003.82                    26.24
## 2                     925.85                     1.64
## 3                    1098.73                     2.28
## 4                     826.39                     7.14
## 5                    1010.30                     6.77
## 6                     841.73                    19.17
##   PIGEONPEA.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. PIGEONPEA.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                            10.69                      407.16
## 2                             0.66                      400.00
## 3                             0.58                      252.74
## 4                             2.84                      398.04
## 5                             2.93                      432.14
## 6                             8.06                      420.29
##   MINOR.PULSES.AREA..1000.ha. MINOR.PULSES.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                      109.08                               46.03
## 2                       40.68                               15.07
## 3                       75.44                               36.64
## 4                       90.31                               66.45
## 5                       41.72                               13.07
## 6                       34.98                               12.75
##   MINOR.PULSES.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. GROUNDNUT.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                         421.98                     0.45
## 2                         370.54                     0.06
## 3                         485.62                     4.87
## 4                         735.72                     2.38
## 5                         313.14                    10.18
## 6                         364.62                     7.47
##   GROUNDNUT.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. GROUNDNUT.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                             0.77                     1722.94
## 2                             0.08                     1410.71
## 3                             5.34                     1097.62
## 4                             3.58                     1504.80
## 5                            14.52                     1425.37
## 6                             7.83                     1047.10
##   SESAMUM.AREA..1000.ha. SESAMUM.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                   1.80                           0.49
## 2                   2.70                           0.76
## 3                   1.52                           0.43
## 4                   2.54                           0.73
## 5                   2.72                           1.07
## 6                   5.98                           1.71
##   SESAMUM.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. RAPESEED.AND.MUSTARD.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                    273.92                                4.70
## 2                    281.79                                2.82
## 3                    283.45                                3.85
## 4                    289.36                                4.44
## 5                    392.73                                4.95
## 6                    285.67                               20.67
##   RAPESEED.AND.MUSTARD.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                                        2.00
## 2                                        1.24
## 3                                        1.70
## 4                                        1.68
## 5                                        2.16
## 6                                        9.57
##   RAPESEED.AND.MUSTARD.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. SAFFLOWER.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                                 425.21                     0.29
## 2                                 440.85                     0.00
## 3                                 442.65                     0.05
## 4                                 377.81                     0.11
## 5                                 436.39                     0.01
## 6                                 462.89                     0.00
##   SAFFLOWER.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. SAFFLOWER.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                             0.12                      395.19
## 2                             0.00                        0.00
## 3                             0.02                      320.75
## 4                             0.03                      292.04
## 5                             0.00                      250.00
## 6                             0.00                        0.00
##   CASTOR.AREA..1000.ha. CASTOR.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. CASTOR.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                     0                             0                     0.00
## 2                     0                             0                     0.00
## 3                     0                             0                   333.33
## 4                     0                             0                   333.33
## 5                     0                             0                     0.00
## 6                     0                             0                     0.00
##   LINSEED.AREA..1000.ha. LINSEED.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                   4.60                           1.16
## 2                   0.40                           0.10
## 3                   0.41                           0.08
## 4                   1.63                           0.39
## 5                   0.97                           0.24
## 6                   9.75                           2.59
##   LINSEED.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. SUNFLOWER.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                    252.72                     0.01
## 2                    257.50                     0.08
## 3                    204.38                     0.14
## 4                    238.66                     0.30
## 5                    245.11                     0.70
## 6                    265.61                     0.03
##   SUNFLOWER.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. SUNFLOWER.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                                0                        0.00
## 2                                0                       48.19
## 3                                0                        0.00
## 4                                0                        0.00
## 5                                0                        0.00
## 6                                0                      115.38
##   SOYABEAN.AREA..1000.ha. SOYABEAN.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                   77.40                           25.02
## 2                    0.02                            0.01
## 3                    0.15                            0.09
## 4                   13.94                            5.17
## 5                    0.00                            0.00
## 6                    0.04                            0.01
##   SOYABEAN.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. OILSEEDS.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                     323.30                       0
## 2                     380.95                       0
## 3                     558.44                       0
## 4                     371.22                       0
## 5                     600.00                       0
## 6                     300.00                       0
##   OILSEEDS.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. OILSEEDS.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                               0                          0
## 2                               0                          0
## 3                               0                          0
## 4                               0                          0
## 5                               0                          0
## 6                               0                          0
##   SUGARCANE.AREA..1000.ha. SUGARCANE.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                    19.85                             3.59
## 2                     0.72                             0.11
## 3                     0.27                             0.05
## 4                     7.57                             0.83
## 5                     0.43                             0.09
## 6                     6.00                             1.75
##   SUGARCANE.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. COTTON.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                      181.06                  0.45
## 2                      152.50                  0.00
## 3                      174.91                  0.03
## 4                      109.36                  0.00
## 5                      205.34                  0.00
## 6                      292.49                  0.00
##   COTTON.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. COTTON.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. FRUITS.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                          0.13                   297.85                     0
## 2                          0.00                     0.00                     0
## 3                          0.01                   360.00                     0
## 4                          0.00                     0.00                     0
## 5                          0.00                     0.00                     0
## 6                          0.00                     0.00                     0
##   VEGETABLES.AREA..1000.ha. FRUITS.AND.VEGETABLES.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                         0                                    0
## 2                         0                                    0
## 3                         0                                    0
## 4                         0                                    0
## 5                         0                                    0
## 6                         0                                    0
##   POTATOES.AREA..1000.ha. ONION.AREA..1000.ha. FODDER.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                    0.08                 0.19                     0
## 2                    0.19                 0.20                     0
## 3                    0.51                 0.65                     0
## 4                    0.60                 0.79                     0
## 5                    2.91                 0.50                     0
## 6                    7.07                 1.91                     0
head(data1)
##   Dist.Code Year State.Code   State.Name Dist.Name RICE.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1         1 2015         14 Chhattisgarh      Durg              817.68
## 2         2 2015         14 Chhattisgarh    Bastar              644.56
## 3         3 2015         14 Chhattisgarh    Raipur              986.91
## 4         4 2015         14 Chhattisgarh  Bilaspur              731.83
## 5         5 2015         14 Chhattisgarh   Raigarh              409.45
## 6         6 2015         14 Chhattisgarh   Surguja              369.32
##   RICE.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. RICE.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. WHEAT.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                      880.60                1076.95                48.72
## 2                      664.46                1030.87                 0.84
## 3                     1412.83                1431.57                10.99
## 4                     1340.65                1831.92                17.82
## 5                      414.89                1013.29                 3.56
## 6                      440.90                1193.82                23.87
##   WHEAT.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. WHEAT.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                        54.60                 1120.74
## 2                         1.75                 2083.33
## 3                        19.30                 1756.14
## 4                        27.03                 1516.74
## 5                         6.15                 1727.53
## 6                        33.51                 1403.85
##   KHARIF.SORGHUM.AREA..1000.ha. KHARIF.SORGHUM.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                             0                                     0
## 2                             0                                     0
## 3                             0                                     0
## 4                             0                                     0
## 5                             0                                     0
## 6                             0                                     0
##   KHARIF.SORGHUM.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. RABI.SORGHUM.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                                0                           0
## 2                                0                           0
## 3                                0                           0
## 4                                0                           0
## 5                                0                           0
## 6                                0                           0
##   RABI.SORGHUM.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. RABI.SORGHUM.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                                   0                              0
## 2                                   0                              0
## 3                                   0                              0
## 4                                   0                              0
## 5                                   0                              0
## 6                                   0                              0
##   SORGHUM.AREA..1000.ha. SORGHUM.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                   0.18                           0.19
## 2                   1.67                           1.52
## 3                   0.02                           0.02
## 4                   0.79                           0.70
## 5                   0.11                           0.12
## 6                   2.64                           1.82
##   SORGHUM.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. PEARL.MILLET.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                   1039.58                        0.00
## 2                    910.18                        0.00
## 3                   1000.00                        0.00
## 4                    889.83                        0.02
## 5                   1090.91                        0.03
## 6                    689.39                        0.00
##   PEARL.MILLET.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. PEARL.MILLET.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                                0.00                           0.00
## 2                                0.00                           0.00
## 3                                0.00                           0.00
## 4                                0.01                         500.00
## 5                                0.02                         666.67
## 6                                0.00                           0.00
##   MAIZE.AREA..1000.ha. MAIZE.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. MAIZE.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                 9.87                        14.47                 1467.17
## 2                41.36                        88.98                 2151.35
## 3                11.14                        20.10                 1804.31
## 4                 8.62                        12.22                 1416.38
## 5                 6.50                        10.94                 1683.08
## 6                48.89                        91.01                 1861.53
##   FINGER.MILLET.AREA..1000.ha. FINGER.MILLET.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                         0.06                                 0.01
## 2                         6.60                                 1.26
## 3                         0.19                                 0.05
## 4                         0.00                                 0.00
## 5                         0.32                                 0.05
## 6                         0.89                                 0.16
##   FINGER.MILLET.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. BARLEY.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                          166.67                  0.04
## 2                          190.91                  0.00
## 3                          263.16                  0.00
## 4                            0.00                  0.21
## 5                          156.25                  0.01
## 6                          179.78                  0.80
##   BARLEY.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. BARLEY.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                          0.03                   750.00
## 2                          0.00                     0.00
## 3                          0.00                     0.00
## 4                          0.11                   523.81
## 5                          0.01                  1000.00
## 6                          0.52                   650.00
##   CHICKPEA.AREA..1000.ha. CHICKPEA.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                  220.27                          166.24
## 2                    1.51                            1.33
## 3                   14.21                           12.88
## 4                   39.47                           34.83
## 5                    1.59                            1.13
## 6                    3.87                            2.45
##   CHICKPEA.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. PIGEONPEA.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                     754.73                    24.71
## 2                     880.79                     1.99
## 3                     906.40                     2.90
## 4                     882.37                     7.58
## 5                     710.69                     7.39
## 6                     633.07                    20.55
##   PIGEONPEA.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. PIGEONPEA.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                            11.01                      445.48
## 2                             1.21                      608.04
## 3                             0.93                      320.69
## 4                             3.68                      485.80
## 5                             3.51                      474.97
## 6                            10.27                      499.76
##   MINOR.PULSES.AREA..1000.ha. MINOR.PULSES.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                      121.23                               47.02
## 2                       42.83                               13.21
## 3                       97.67                               43.11
## 4                      127.17                              104.47
## 5                       43.98                               14.27
## 6                       35.28                               13.04
##   MINOR.PULSES.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. GROUNDNUT.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                         387.89                     0.44
## 2                         308.41                     0.06
## 3                         441.42                     7.06
## 4                         821.45                     2.85
## 5                         324.43                    11.03
## 6                         369.51                     7.60
##   GROUNDNUT.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. GROUNDNUT.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                             0.75                     1687.82
## 2                             0.09                     1500.00
## 3                             8.63                     1222.38
## 4                             3.90                     1370.52
## 5                            14.73                     1335.45
## 6                             9.15                     1203.95
##   SESAMUM.AREA..1000.ha. SESAMUM.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                   2.34                           0.87
## 2                   3.20                           1.23
## 3                   2.29                           0.97
## 4                   2.88                           1.02
## 5                   3.14                           1.64
## 6                   5.62                           1.97
##   SESAMUM.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. RAPESEED.AND.MUSTARD.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                    374.48                                4.88
## 2                    384.38                                4.03
## 3                    423.58                                2.93
## 4                    352.01                                5.50
## 5                    522.29                                5.98
## 6                    350.53                               23.00
##   RAPESEED.AND.MUSTARD.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                                        2.41
## 2                                        2.58
## 3                                        1.70
## 4                                        2.54
## 5                                        3.18
## 6                                       13.60
##   RAPESEED.AND.MUSTARD.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. SAFFLOWER.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                                 493.81                     0.36
## 2                                 640.20                     0.00
## 3                                 580.20                     0.11
## 4                                 461.88                     0.24
## 5                                 531.77                     0.01
## 6                                 591.30                     0.00
##   SAFFLOWER.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. SAFFLOWER.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                             0.12                      333.33
## 2                             0.00                        0.00
## 3                             0.03                      272.73
## 4                             0.11                      458.33
## 5                             0.00                        0.00
## 6                             0.00                        0.00
##   CASTOR.AREA..1000.ha. CASTOR.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. CASTOR.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                  0.01                          0.00                     0.00
## 2                  0.00                          0.00                     0.00
## 3                  0.00                          0.00                     0.00
## 4                  0.03                          0.01                   303.95
## 5                  0.00                          0.00                     0.00
## 6                  0.00                          0.00                     0.00
##   LINSEED.AREA..1000.ha. LINSEED.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                   7.17                           2.34
## 2                   0.87                           0.35
## 3                   1.00                           0.43
## 4                   4.17                           1.60
## 5                   1.29                           0.50
## 6                  10.58                           4.25
##   LINSEED.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. SUNFLOWER.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                    326.49                     0.05
## 2                    402.30                     0.04
## 3                    430.00                     0.48
## 4                    383.46                     0.35
## 5                    387.60                     1.48
## 6                    401.70                     0.05
##   SUNFLOWER.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. SUNFLOWER.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                             0.04                      800.00
## 2                             0.01                      250.00
## 3                             0.23                      479.17
## 4                             0.18                      514.29
## 5                             0.33                      222.97
## 6                             0.02                      400.00
##   SOYABEAN.AREA..1000.ha. SOYABEAN.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                   98.20                           49.10
## 2                    0.01                            0.00
## 3                    0.41                            0.35
## 4                   16.24                            9.07
## 5                    0.01                            0.00
## 6                    0.12                            0.05
##   SOYABEAN.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. OILSEEDS.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                     500.02                  113.88
## 2                     555.56                   19.05
## 3                     874.38                   13.79
## 4                     558.26                   32.94
## 5                     428.57                   46.09
## 6                     379.03                   76.85
##   OILSEEDS.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. OILSEEDS.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                           37.19                     326.61
## 2                            5.54                     290.81
## 3                           11.36                     823.79
## 4                           18.29                     555.10
## 5                           22.31                     484.05
## 6                           35.59                     463.11
##   SUGARCANE.AREA..1000.ha. SUGARCANE.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                    11.23                             2.57
## 2                     0.34                             0.10
## 3                     0.30                             0.09
## 4                     4.29                             0.96
## 5                     0.25                             0.08
## 6                     2.82                             0.89
##   SUGARCANE.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. COTTON.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                      228.49                  0.05
## 2                      298.52                  0.00
## 3                      297.30                  0.01
## 4                      224.31                  0.00
## 5                      312.60                  0.00
## 6                      317.28                  0.00
##   COTTON.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. COTTON.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. FRUITS.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                          0.01                      200                     0
## 2                          0.00                        0                     0
## 3                          0.00                        0                     0
## 4                          0.00                        0                     0
## 5                          0.00                        0                     0
## 6                          0.00                        0                     0
##   VEGETABLES.AREA..1000.ha. FRUITS.AND.VEGETABLES.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                         0                                    0
## 2                         0                                    0
## 3                         0                                    0
## 4                         0                                    0
## 5                         0                                    0
## 6                         0                                    0
##   POTATOES.AREA..1000.ha. ONION.AREA..1000.ha. FODDER.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                    0.16                 0.46                  1.83
## 2                    0.21                 0.28                  0.00
## 3                    0.37                 1.03                  0.02
## 4                    0.98                 1.02                  0.00
## 5                    2.83                 0.45                  0.00
## 6                    8.19                 1.91                  0.00
head(data2)
##   Dist.Code Year State.Code   State.Name Dist.Name RICE.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1         1 2016         14 Chhattisgarh      Durg              858.91
## 2         2 2016         14 Chhattisgarh    Bastar              656.26
## 3         3 2016         14 Chhattisgarh    Raipur             1009.29
## 4         4 2016         14 Chhattisgarh  Bilaspur              727.50
## 5         5 2016         14 Chhattisgarh   Raigarh              424.24
## 6         6 2016         14 Chhattisgarh   Surguja              376.38
##   RICE.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. RICE.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. WHEAT.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                     1791.66                2085.96                48.94
## 2                     1294.97                1973.24                 0.67
## 3                     2432.48                2410.09                 8.80
## 4                     1858.19                2554.21                16.20
## 5                      763.72                1800.23                 3.87
## 6                      652.25                1732.96                23.63
##   WHEAT.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. WHEAT.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                        61.84                 1263.55
## 2                         1.53                 2265.58
## 3                        17.95                 2038.28
## 4                        25.10                 1549.23
## 5                         7.12                 1840.70
## 6                        37.56                 1589.23
##   KHARIF.SORGHUM.AREA..1000.ha. KHARIF.SORGHUM.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                             0                                     0
## 2                             0                                     0
## 3                             0                                     0
## 4                             0                                     0
## 5                             0                                     0
## 6                             0                                     0
##   KHARIF.SORGHUM.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. RABI.SORGHUM.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                                0                           0
## 2                                0                           0
## 3                                0                           0
## 4                                0                           0
## 5                                0                           0
## 6                                0                           0
##   RABI.SORGHUM.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. RABI.SORGHUM.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                                   0                              0
## 2                                   0                              0
## 3                                   0                              0
## 4                                   0                              0
## 5                                   0                              0
## 6                                   0                              0
##   SORGHUM.AREA..1000.ha. SORGHUM.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                   0.08                           0.13
## 2                   1.67                           2.34
## 3                   0.02                           0.02
## 4                   0.68                           0.98
## 5                   0.10                           0.14
## 6                   1.46                           1.83
##   SORGHUM.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. PEARL.MILLET.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                   1592.30                        0.00
## 2                   1402.40                        0.00
## 3                   1200.00                        0.02
## 4                   1441.48                        0.02
## 5                   1373.74                        0.05
## 6                   1247.78                        0.00
##   PEARL.MILLET.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. PEARL.MILLET.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                                0.00                        1000.00
## 2                                0.00                           0.00
## 3                                0.02                         947.37
## 4                                0.01                         466.51
## 5                                0.02                         423.08
## 6                                0.00                           0.00
##   MAIZE.AREA..1000.ha. MAIZE.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. MAIZE.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                 7.95                        16.12                 2028.48
## 2                41.50                       123.66                 2979.50
## 3                 7.10                        18.15                 2557.48
## 4                 8.10                        17.11                 2111.81
## 5                 6.46                        15.43                 2389.53
## 6                49.44                       118.85                 2403.99
##   FINGER.MILLET.AREA..1000.ha. FINGER.MILLET.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                         0.06                                 0.01
## 2                         6.52                                 1.61
## 3                         0.17                                 0.04
## 4                         0.00                                 0.00
## 5                         0.31                                 0.06
## 6                         0.12                                 0.03
##   FINGER.MILLET.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. BARLEY.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                          209.68                  0.01
## 2                          246.09                  0.00
## 3                          255.95                  0.00
## 4                            0.00                  0.16
## 5                          181.23                  0.00
## 6                          245.90                  1.90
##   BARLEY.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. BARLEY.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                          0.01                  1333.33
## 2                          0.00                     0.00
## 3                          0.00                     0.00
## 4                          0.15                   920.25
## 5                          0.00                     0.00
## 6                          1.72                   907.70
##   CHICKPEA.AREA..1000.ha. CHICKPEA.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                  227.24                          264.01
## 2                    0.76                            0.91
## 3                   16.66                           22.35
## 4                   40.64                           45.33
## 5                    1.61                            1.93
## 6                    3.75                            3.78
##   CHICKPEA.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. PIGEONPEA.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                    1161.83                    23.18
## 2                    1203.70                     1.80
## 3                    1341.70                     2.99
## 4                    1115.32                     8.10
## 5                    1202.74                     7.29
## 6                    1008.80                    20.13
##   PIGEONPEA.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. PIGEONPEA.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                            14.82                      639.15
## 2                             1.22                      676.10
## 3                             1.26                      419.37
## 4                             4.87                      600.39
## 5                             4.25                      583.52
## 6                            12.64                      628.14
##   MINOR.PULSES.AREA..1000.ha. MINOR.PULSES.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                       92.18                               92.38
## 2                       40.96                               16.80
## 3                       68.84                               75.56
## 4                      131.30                               97.24
## 5                       43.83                               15.08
## 6                       36.01                               13.61
##   MINOR.PULSES.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. GROUNDNUT.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                        1002.10                     0.35
## 2                         410.20                     0.07
## 3                        1097.59                     4.70
## 4                         740.64                     2.79
## 5                         344.09                    11.05
## 6                         377.94                     7.77
##   GROUNDNUT.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. GROUNDNUT.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                             0.70                     2020.21
## 2                             0.12                     1811.59
## 3                             8.14                     1733.76
## 4                             5.23                     1872.89
## 5                            21.05                     1905.06
## 6                            11.68                     1503.15
##   SESAMUM.AREA..1000.ha. SESAMUM.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                   2.06                           0.78
## 2                   3.01                           1.40
## 3                   1.69                           0.70
## 4                   2.74                           1.05
## 5                   2.72                           1.42
## 6                   6.15                           2.20
##   SESAMUM.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. RAPESEED.AND.MUSTARD.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                    377.40                                4.27
## 2                    465.74                                3.72
## 3                    412.43                                2.57
## 4                    384.52                                4.95
## 5                    521.16                                5.38
## 6                    358.20                               22.03
##   RAPESEED.AND.MUSTARD.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                                        1.89
## 2                                        2.00
## 3                                        1.24
## 4                                        1.96
## 5                                        2.39
## 6                                        8.96
##   RAPESEED.AND.MUSTARD.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. SAFFLOWER.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                                 442.10                     0.08
## 2                                 537.14                     0.00
## 3                                 480.19                     0.08
## 4                                 394.97                     0.04
## 5                                 445.23                     0.01
## 6                                 406.89                     0.00
##   SAFFLOWER.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. SAFFLOWER.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                             0.03                      349.40
## 2                             0.00                        0.00
## 3                             0.03                      333.33
## 4                             0.02                      380.95
## 5                             0.00                      222.22
## 6                             0.00                        0.00
##   CASTOR.AREA..1000.ha. CASTOR.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. CASTOR.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                  0.00                          0.00                     0.00
## 2                  0.00                          0.00                   250.00
## 3                  0.00                          0.00                     0.00
## 4                  0.11                          0.03                   272.73
## 5                  0.00                          0.00                     0.00
## 6                  0.00                          0.00                     0.00
##   LINSEED.AREA..1000.ha. LINSEED.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                      0                              0
## 2                      0                              0
## 3                      0                              0
## 4                      0                              0
## 5                      0                              0
## 6                      0                              0
##   LINSEED.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. SUNFLOWER.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                         0                     0.02
## 2                         0                     0.04
## 3                         0                     0.33
## 4                         0                     0.34
## 5                         0                     1.50
## 6                         0                     0.04
##   SUNFLOWER.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. SUNFLOWER.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                             0.00                        0.00
## 2                             0.00                       45.45
## 3                             0.00                        0.00
## 4                             0.00                        0.00
## 5                             0.00                        0.00
## 6                             0.01                      135.14
##   SOYABEAN.AREA..1000.ha. SOYABEAN.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                   81.71                           60.69
## 2                    0.01                            0.01
## 3                    0.38                            0.43
## 4                   14.01                           14.19
## 5                    0.01                            0.01
## 6                    0.12                            0.06
##   SOYABEAN.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. OILSEEDS.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                     742.71                       0
## 2                    1000.00                       0
## 3                    1115.49                       0
## 4                    1012.86                       0
## 5                     769.23                       0
## 6                     530.43                       0
##   OILSEEDS.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. OILSEEDS.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                               0                          0
## 2                               0                          0
## 3                               0                          0
## 4                               0                          0
## 5                               0                          0
## 6                               0                          0
##   SUGARCANE.AREA..1000.ha. SUGARCANE.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                    18.52                             7.21
## 2                     0.90                             0.20
## 3                     0.34                             0.07
## 4                     6.50                             2.77
## 5                     0.54                             0.10
## 6                     4.58                             0.62
##   SUGARCANE.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. COTTON.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                      389.38                  0.06
## 2                      218.24                  0.00
## 3                      201.17                  0.01
## 4                      426.57                  0.00
## 5                      176.44                  0.00
## 6                      134.53                  0.00
##   COTTON.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. COTTON.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. FRUITS.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                          0.02                   317.81                  2.14
## 2                          0.00                     0.00                  2.43
## 3                          0.01                   408.00                  1.39
## 4                          0.00                     0.00                  1.34
## 5                          0.00                     0.00                  1.61
## 6                          0.00                     0.00                  1.31
##   VEGETABLES.AREA..1000.ha. FRUITS.AND.VEGETABLES.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                     39.44                                41.59
## 2                     18.08                                20.52
## 3                     18.29                                19.68
## 4                     18.67                                20.02
## 5                     14.94                                16.56
## 6                     24.40                                25.71
##   POTATOES.AREA..1000.ha. ONION.AREA..1000.ha. FODDER.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                    0.05                 0.37                  0.05
## 2                    0.21                 0.32                  0.00
## 3                    0.41                 0.82                  0.05
## 4                    0.87                 1.05                  0.00
## 5                    3.07                 0.52                  0.00
## 6                    7.70                 2.00                  0.00

Cleaning the Data:

Dropping Unrequired columns:

I am dropping the following columns as they don’t have their corresponding counterparts such as Yield and Production making them incomplete since there are only 5 types of Crops. I don’t think removing would make a big difference in our project.

data$FODDER.AREA..1000.ha. <- NULL
data$ONION.AREA..1000.ha. <- NULL
data$POTATOES.AREA..1000.ha. <- NULL
data$FRUITS.AND.VEGETABLES.AREA..1000.ha. <- NULL
data$VEGETABLES.AREA..1000.ha. <- NULL
data$FRUITS.AREA..1000.ha. <- NULL
head(data)
##   Dist.Code Year State.Code   State.Name Dist.Name RICE.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1         1 2017         14 Chhattisgarh      Durg              841.13
## 2         2 2017         14 Chhattisgarh    Bastar              660.36
## 3         3 2017         14 Chhattisgarh    Raipur              959.01
## 4         4 2017         14 Chhattisgarh  Bilaspur              727.94
## 5         5 2017         14 Chhattisgarh   Raigarh              411.12
## 6         6 2017         14 Chhattisgarh   Surguja              377.07
##   RICE.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. RICE.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. WHEAT.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                      983.21                1168.92                43.50
## 2                      801.82                1214.23                 1.24
## 3                     1520.95                1585.96                14.56
## 4                     1295.71                1779.97                15.80
## 5                      623.29                1516.07                 3.91
## 6                      524.07                1389.84                23.18
##   WHEAT.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. WHEAT.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                        50.19                 1153.77
## 2                         2.22                 1783.13
## 3                        23.66                 1625.61
## 4                        21.72                 1374.70
## 5                         6.76                 1728.83
## 6                        37.09                 1599.85
##   KHARIF.SORGHUM.AREA..1000.ha. KHARIF.SORGHUM.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                             0                                     0
## 2                             0                                     0
## 3                             0                                     0
## 4                             0                                     0
## 5                             0                                     0
## 6                             0                                     0
##   KHARIF.SORGHUM.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. RABI.SORGHUM.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                                0                           0
## 2                                0                           0
## 3                                0                           0
## 4                                0                           0
## 5                                0                           0
## 6                                0                           0
##   RABI.SORGHUM.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. RABI.SORGHUM.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                                   0                              0
## 2                                   0                              0
## 3                                   0                              0
## 4                                   0                              0
## 5                                   0                              0
## 6                                   0                              0
##   SORGHUM.AREA..1000.ha. SORGHUM.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                   0.11                           0.14
## 2                   1.49                           1.79
## 3                   0.02                           0.02
## 4                   0.66                           0.90
## 5                   0.10                           0.15
## 6                   1.35                           1.69
##   SORGHUM.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. PEARL.MILLET.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                   1268.62                        0.01
## 2                   1202.96                        0.00
## 3                   1000.00                        0.00
## 4                   1373.28                        0.02
## 5                   1604.17                        0.03
## 6                   1250.37                        0.00
##   PEARL.MILLET.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. PEARL.MILLET.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                                0.00                         333.33
## 2                                0.00                           0.00
## 3                                0.00                           0.00
## 4                                0.01                         437.50
## 5                                0.01                         433.33
## 6                                0.00                           0.00
##   MAIZE.AREA..1000.ha. MAIZE.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. MAIZE.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                 9.25                        18.09                 1956.03
## 2                41.94                       120.22                 2866.36
## 3                 6.13                        13.67                 2228.27
## 4                 7.61                        15.83                 2080.79
## 5                 6.29                        15.81                 2512.80
## 6                48.40                       123.33                 2548.25
##   FINGER.MILLET.AREA..1000.ha. FINGER.MILLET.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                         0.01                                 0.00
## 2                         6.30                                 1.44
## 3                         0.19                                 0.04
## 4                         0.00                                 0.00
## 5                         0.24                                 0.04
## 6                         0.53                                 0.12
##   FINGER.MILLET.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. BARLEY.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                          285.71                  0.00
## 2                          229.02                  0.00
## 3                          229.17                  0.00
## 4                            0.00                  0.18
## 5                          172.84                  0.00
## 6                          225.81                  1.70
##   BARLEY.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. BARLEY.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                          0.00                  1000.00
## 2                          0.00                     0.00
## 3                          0.00                     0.00
## 4                          0.18                   983.33
## 5                          0.00                     0.00
## 6                          1.78                  1048.26
##   CHICKPEA.AREA..1000.ha. CHICKPEA.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                  258.46                          259.45
## 2                    1.39                            1.29
## 3                   31.38                           34.48
## 4                   39.08                           32.29
## 5                    1.16                            1.18
## 6                    3.55                            2.99
##   CHICKPEA.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. PIGEONPEA.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                    1003.82                    26.24
## 2                     925.85                     1.64
## 3                    1098.73                     2.28
## 4                     826.39                     7.14
## 5                    1010.30                     6.77
## 6                     841.73                    19.17
##   PIGEONPEA.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. PIGEONPEA.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                            10.69                      407.16
## 2                             0.66                      400.00
## 3                             0.58                      252.74
## 4                             2.84                      398.04
## 5                             2.93                      432.14
## 6                             8.06                      420.29
##   MINOR.PULSES.AREA..1000.ha. MINOR.PULSES.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                      109.08                               46.03
## 2                       40.68                               15.07
## 3                       75.44                               36.64
## 4                       90.31                               66.45
## 5                       41.72                               13.07
## 6                       34.98                               12.75
##   MINOR.PULSES.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. GROUNDNUT.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                         421.98                     0.45
## 2                         370.54                     0.06
## 3                         485.62                     4.87
## 4                         735.72                     2.38
## 5                         313.14                    10.18
## 6                         364.62                     7.47
##   GROUNDNUT.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. GROUNDNUT.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                             0.77                     1722.94
## 2                             0.08                     1410.71
## 3                             5.34                     1097.62
## 4                             3.58                     1504.80
## 5                            14.52                     1425.37
## 6                             7.83                     1047.10
##   SESAMUM.AREA..1000.ha. SESAMUM.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                   1.80                           0.49
## 2                   2.70                           0.76
## 3                   1.52                           0.43
## 4                   2.54                           0.73
## 5                   2.72                           1.07
## 6                   5.98                           1.71
##   SESAMUM.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. RAPESEED.AND.MUSTARD.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                    273.92                                4.70
## 2                    281.79                                2.82
## 3                    283.45                                3.85
## 4                    289.36                                4.44
## 5                    392.73                                4.95
## 6                    285.67                               20.67
##   RAPESEED.AND.MUSTARD.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                                        2.00
## 2                                        1.24
## 3                                        1.70
## 4                                        1.68
## 5                                        2.16
## 6                                        9.57
##   RAPESEED.AND.MUSTARD.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. SAFFLOWER.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                                 425.21                     0.29
## 2                                 440.85                     0.00
## 3                                 442.65                     0.05
## 4                                 377.81                     0.11
## 5                                 436.39                     0.01
## 6                                 462.89                     0.00
##   SAFFLOWER.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. SAFFLOWER.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                             0.12                      395.19
## 2                             0.00                        0.00
## 3                             0.02                      320.75
## 4                             0.03                      292.04
## 5                             0.00                      250.00
## 6                             0.00                        0.00
##   CASTOR.AREA..1000.ha. CASTOR.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. CASTOR.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                     0                             0                     0.00
## 2                     0                             0                     0.00
## 3                     0                             0                   333.33
## 4                     0                             0                   333.33
## 5                     0                             0                     0.00
## 6                     0                             0                     0.00
##   LINSEED.AREA..1000.ha. LINSEED.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                   4.60                           1.16
## 2                   0.40                           0.10
## 3                   0.41                           0.08
## 4                   1.63                           0.39
## 5                   0.97                           0.24
## 6                   9.75                           2.59
##   LINSEED.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. SUNFLOWER.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                    252.72                     0.01
## 2                    257.50                     0.08
## 3                    204.38                     0.14
## 4                    238.66                     0.30
## 5                    245.11                     0.70
## 6                    265.61                     0.03
##   SUNFLOWER.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. SUNFLOWER.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                                0                        0.00
## 2                                0                       48.19
## 3                                0                        0.00
## 4                                0                        0.00
## 5                                0                        0.00
## 6                                0                      115.38
##   SOYABEAN.AREA..1000.ha. SOYABEAN.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                   77.40                           25.02
## 2                    0.02                            0.01
## 3                    0.15                            0.09
## 4                   13.94                            5.17
## 5                    0.00                            0.00
## 6                    0.04                            0.01
##   SOYABEAN.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. OILSEEDS.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                     323.30                       0
## 2                     380.95                       0
## 3                     558.44                       0
## 4                     371.22                       0
## 5                     600.00                       0
## 6                     300.00                       0
##   OILSEEDS.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. OILSEEDS.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                               0                          0
## 2                               0                          0
## 3                               0                          0
## 4                               0                          0
## 5                               0                          0
## 6                               0                          0
##   SUGARCANE.AREA..1000.ha. SUGARCANE.PRODUCTION..1000.tons.
## 1                    19.85                             3.59
## 2                     0.72                             0.11
## 3                     0.27                             0.05
## 4                     7.57                             0.83
## 5                     0.43                             0.09
## 6                     6.00                             1.75
##   SUGARCANE.YIELD..Kg.per.ha. COTTON.AREA..1000.ha.
## 1                      181.06                  0.45
## 2                      152.50                  0.00
## 3                      174.91                  0.03
## 4                      109.36                  0.00
## 5                      205.34                  0.00
## 6                      292.49                  0.00
##   COTTON.PRODUCTION..1000.tons. COTTON.YIELD..Kg.per.ha.
## 1                          0.13                   297.85
## 2                          0.00                     0.00
## 3                          0.01                   360.00
## 4                          0.00                     0.00
## 5                          0.00                     0.00
## 6                          0.00                     0.00

Chandging the Names of the columns

The names of each column are too long and very difficult to access every time so to make it easier I am simplifying the names of the Columns.

names(data)
##  [1] "Dist.Code"                                  
##  [2] "Year"                                       
##  [3] "State.Code"                                 
##  [4] "State.Name"                                 
##  [5] "Dist.Name"                                  
##  [6] "RICE.AREA..1000.ha."                        
##  [7] "RICE.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."                
##  [8] "RICE.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."                     
##  [9] "WHEAT.AREA..1000.ha."                       
## [10] "WHEAT.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."               
## [11] "WHEAT.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."                    
## [12] "KHARIF.SORGHUM.AREA..1000.ha."              
## [13] "KHARIF.SORGHUM.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."      
## [14] "KHARIF.SORGHUM.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."           
## [15] "RABI.SORGHUM.AREA..1000.ha."                
## [16] "RABI.SORGHUM.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."        
## [17] "RABI.SORGHUM.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."             
## [18] "SORGHUM.AREA..1000.ha."                     
## [19] "SORGHUM.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."             
## [20] "SORGHUM.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."                  
## [21] "PEARL.MILLET.AREA..1000.ha."                
## [22] "PEARL.MILLET.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."        
## [23] "PEARL.MILLET.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."             
## [24] "MAIZE.AREA..1000.ha."                       
## [25] "MAIZE.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."               
## [26] "MAIZE.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."                    
## [27] "FINGER.MILLET.AREA..1000.ha."               
## [28] "FINGER.MILLET.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."       
## [29] "FINGER.MILLET.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."            
## [30] "BARLEY.AREA..1000.ha."                      
## [31] "BARLEY.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."              
## [32] "BARLEY.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."                   
## [33] "CHICKPEA.AREA..1000.ha."                    
## [34] "CHICKPEA.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."            
## [35] "CHICKPEA.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."                 
## [36] "PIGEONPEA.AREA..1000.ha."                   
## [37] "PIGEONPEA.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."           
## [38] "PIGEONPEA.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."                
## [39] "MINOR.PULSES.AREA..1000.ha."                
## [40] "MINOR.PULSES.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."        
## [41] "MINOR.PULSES.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."             
## [42] "GROUNDNUT.AREA..1000.ha."                   
## [43] "GROUNDNUT.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."           
## [44] "GROUNDNUT.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."                
## [45] "SESAMUM.AREA..1000.ha."                     
## [46] "SESAMUM.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."             
## [47] "SESAMUM.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."                  
## [48] "RAPESEED.AND.MUSTARD.AREA..1000.ha."        
## [49] "RAPESEED.AND.MUSTARD.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."
## [50] "RAPESEED.AND.MUSTARD.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."     
## [51] "SAFFLOWER.AREA..1000.ha."                   
## [52] "SAFFLOWER.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."           
## [53] "SAFFLOWER.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."                
## [54] "CASTOR.AREA..1000.ha."                      
## [55] "CASTOR.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."              
## [56] "CASTOR.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."                   
## [57] "LINSEED.AREA..1000.ha."                     
## [58] "LINSEED.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."             
## [59] "LINSEED.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."                  
## [60] "SUNFLOWER.AREA..1000.ha."                   
## [61] "SUNFLOWER.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."           
## [62] "SUNFLOWER.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."                
## [63] "SOYABEAN.AREA..1000.ha."                    
## [64] "SOYABEAN.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."            
## [65] "SOYABEAN.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."                 
## [66] "OILSEEDS.AREA..1000.ha."                    
## [67] "OILSEEDS.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."            
## [68] "OILSEEDS.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."                 
## [69] "SUGARCANE.AREA..1000.ha."                   
## [70] "SUGARCANE.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."           
## [71] "SUGARCANE.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."                
## [72] "COTTON.AREA..1000.ha."                      
## [73] "COTTON.PRODUCTION..1000.tons."              
## [74] "COTTON.YIELD..Kg.per.ha."

Here, I am removing the “.” between the names of the column and adding an “_” to make it easier to understand and access.

names(data) <- gsub("\\.\\..*$", "", names(data))
names(data) <- gsub("\\.", "_", names(data))
names(data)
##  [1] "Dist_Code"                       "Year"                           
##  [3] "State_Code"                      "State_Name"                     
##  [5] "Dist_Name"                       "RICE_AREA"                      
##  [7] "RICE_PRODUCTION"                 "RICE_YIELD"                     
##  [9] "WHEAT_AREA"                      "WHEAT_PRODUCTION"               
## [11] "WHEAT_YIELD"                     "KHARIF_SORGHUM_AREA"            
## [13] "KHARIF_SORGHUM_PRODUCTION"       "KHARIF_SORGHUM_YIELD"           
## [15] "RABI_SORGHUM_AREA"               "RABI_SORGHUM_PRODUCTION"        
## [17] "RABI_SORGHUM_YIELD"              "SORGHUM_AREA"                   
## [19] "SORGHUM_PRODUCTION"              "SORGHUM_YIELD"                  
## [21] "PEARL_MILLET_AREA"               "PEARL_MILLET_PRODUCTION"        
## [23] "PEARL_MILLET_YIELD"              "MAIZE_AREA"                     
## [25] "MAIZE_PRODUCTION"                "MAIZE_YIELD"                    
## [27] "FINGER_MILLET_AREA"              "FINGER_MILLET_PRODUCTION"       
## [29] "FINGER_MILLET_YIELD"             "BARLEY_AREA"                    
## [31] "BARLEY_PRODUCTION"               "BARLEY_YIELD"                   
## [33] "CHICKPEA_AREA"                   "CHICKPEA_PRODUCTION"            
## [35] "CHICKPEA_YIELD"                  "PIGEONPEA_AREA"                 
## [37] "PIGEONPEA_PRODUCTION"            "PIGEONPEA_YIELD"                
## [39] "MINOR_PULSES_AREA"               "MINOR_PULSES_PRODUCTION"        
## [41] "MINOR_PULSES_YIELD"              "GROUNDNUT_AREA"                 
## [43] "GROUNDNUT_PRODUCTION"            "GROUNDNUT_YIELD"                
## [45] "SESAMUM_AREA"                    "SESAMUM_PRODUCTION"             
## [47] "SESAMUM_YIELD"                   "RAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD_AREA"      
## [49] "RAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD_PRODUCTION" "RAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD_YIELD"     
## [51] "SAFFLOWER_AREA"                  "SAFFLOWER_PRODUCTION"           
## [53] "SAFFLOWER_YIELD"                 "CASTOR_AREA"                    
## [55] "CASTOR_PRODUCTION"               "CASTOR_YIELD"                   
## [57] "LINSEED_AREA"                    "LINSEED_PRODUCTION"             
## [59] "LINSEED_YIELD"                   "SUNFLOWER_AREA"                 
## [61] "SUNFLOWER_PRODUCTION"            "SUNFLOWER_YIELD"                
## [63] "SOYABEAN_AREA"                   "SOYABEAN_PRODUCTION"            
## [65] "SOYABEAN_YIELD"                  "OILSEEDS_AREA"                  
## [67] "OILSEEDS_PRODUCTION"             "OILSEEDS_YIELD"                 
## [69] "SUGARCANE_AREA"                  "SUGARCANE_PRODUCTION"           
## [71] "SUGARCANE_YIELD"                 "COTTON_AREA"                    
## [73] "COTTON_PRODUCTION"               "COTTON_YIELD"
names(data1) <- gsub("\\.\\..*$", "", names(data1))
names(data1) <- gsub("\\.", "_", names(data1))
names(data1)
##  [1] "Dist_Code"                       "Year"                           
##  [3] "State_Code"                      "State_Name"                     
##  [5] "Dist_Name"                       "RICE_AREA"                      
##  [7] "RICE_PRODUCTION"                 "RICE_YIELD"                     
##  [9] "WHEAT_AREA"                      "WHEAT_PRODUCTION"               
## [11] "WHEAT_YIELD"                     "KHARIF_SORGHUM_AREA"            
## [13] "KHARIF_SORGHUM_PRODUCTION"       "KHARIF_SORGHUM_YIELD"           
## [15] "RABI_SORGHUM_AREA"               "RABI_SORGHUM_PRODUCTION"        
## [17] "RABI_SORGHUM_YIELD"              "SORGHUM_AREA"                   
## [19] "SORGHUM_PRODUCTION"              "SORGHUM_YIELD"                  
## [21] "PEARL_MILLET_AREA"               "PEARL_MILLET_PRODUCTION"        
## [23] "PEARL_MILLET_YIELD"              "MAIZE_AREA"                     
## [25] "MAIZE_PRODUCTION"                "MAIZE_YIELD"                    
## [27] "FINGER_MILLET_AREA"              "FINGER_MILLET_PRODUCTION"       
## [29] "FINGER_MILLET_YIELD"             "BARLEY_AREA"                    
## [31] "BARLEY_PRODUCTION"               "BARLEY_YIELD"                   
## [33] "CHICKPEA_AREA"                   "CHICKPEA_PRODUCTION"            
## [35] "CHICKPEA_YIELD"                  "PIGEONPEA_AREA"                 
## [37] "PIGEONPEA_PRODUCTION"            "PIGEONPEA_YIELD"                
## [39] "MINOR_PULSES_AREA"               "MINOR_PULSES_PRODUCTION"        
## [41] "MINOR_PULSES_YIELD"              "GROUNDNUT_AREA"                 
## [43] "GROUNDNUT_PRODUCTION"            "GROUNDNUT_YIELD"                
## [45] "SESAMUM_AREA"                    "SESAMUM_PRODUCTION"             
## [47] "SESAMUM_YIELD"                   "RAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD_AREA"      
## [49] "RAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD_PRODUCTION" "RAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD_YIELD"     
## [51] "SAFFLOWER_AREA"                  "SAFFLOWER_PRODUCTION"           
## [53] "SAFFLOWER_YIELD"                 "CASTOR_AREA"                    
## [55] "CASTOR_PRODUCTION"               "CASTOR_YIELD"                   
## [57] "LINSEED_AREA"                    "LINSEED_PRODUCTION"             
## [59] "LINSEED_YIELD"                   "SUNFLOWER_AREA"                 
## [61] "SUNFLOWER_PRODUCTION"            "SUNFLOWER_YIELD"                
## [63] "SOYABEAN_AREA"                   "SOYABEAN_PRODUCTION"            
## [65] "SOYABEAN_YIELD"                  "OILSEEDS_AREA"                  
## [67] "OILSEEDS_PRODUCTION"             "OILSEEDS_YIELD"                 
## [69] "SUGARCANE_AREA"                  "SUGARCANE_PRODUCTION"           
## [71] "SUGARCANE_YIELD"                 "COTTON_AREA"                    
## [73] "COTTON_PRODUCTION"               "COTTON_YIELD"                   
## [75] "FRUITS_AREA"                     "VEGETABLES_AREA"                
## [77] "FRUITS_AND_VEGETABLES_AREA"      "POTATOES_AREA"                  
## [79] "ONION_AREA"                      "FODDER_AREA"
names(data2) <- gsub("\\.\\..*$", "", names(data2))
names(data2) <- gsub("\\.", "_", names(data2))
names(data2)
##  [1] "Dist_Code"                       "Year"                           
##  [3] "State_Code"                      "State_Name"                     
##  [5] "Dist_Name"                       "RICE_AREA"                      
##  [7] "RICE_PRODUCTION"                 "RICE_YIELD"                     
##  [9] "WHEAT_AREA"                      "WHEAT_PRODUCTION"               
## [11] "WHEAT_YIELD"                     "KHARIF_SORGHUM_AREA"            
## [13] "KHARIF_SORGHUM_PRODUCTION"       "KHARIF_SORGHUM_YIELD"           
## [15] "RABI_SORGHUM_AREA"               "RABI_SORGHUM_PRODUCTION"        
## [17] "RABI_SORGHUM_YIELD"              "SORGHUM_AREA"                   
## [19] "SORGHUM_PRODUCTION"              "SORGHUM_YIELD"                  
## [21] "PEARL_MILLET_AREA"               "PEARL_MILLET_PRODUCTION"        
## [23] "PEARL_MILLET_YIELD"              "MAIZE_AREA"                     
## [25] "MAIZE_PRODUCTION"                "MAIZE_YIELD"                    
## [27] "FINGER_MILLET_AREA"              "FINGER_MILLET_PRODUCTION"       
## [29] "FINGER_MILLET_YIELD"             "BARLEY_AREA"                    
## [31] "BARLEY_PRODUCTION"               "BARLEY_YIELD"                   
## [33] "CHICKPEA_AREA"                   "CHICKPEA_PRODUCTION"            
## [35] "CHICKPEA_YIELD"                  "PIGEONPEA_AREA"                 
## [37] "PIGEONPEA_PRODUCTION"            "PIGEONPEA_YIELD"                
## [39] "MINOR_PULSES_AREA"               "MINOR_PULSES_PRODUCTION"        
## [41] "MINOR_PULSES_YIELD"              "GROUNDNUT_AREA"                 
## [43] "GROUNDNUT_PRODUCTION"            "GROUNDNUT_YIELD"                
## [45] "SESAMUM_AREA"                    "SESAMUM_PRODUCTION"             
## [47] "SESAMUM_YIELD"                   "RAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD_AREA"      
## [49] "RAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD_PRODUCTION" "RAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD_YIELD"     
## [51] "SAFFLOWER_AREA"                  "SAFFLOWER_PRODUCTION"           
## [53] "SAFFLOWER_YIELD"                 "CASTOR_AREA"                    
## [55] "CASTOR_PRODUCTION"               "CASTOR_YIELD"                   
## [57] "LINSEED_AREA"                    "LINSEED_PRODUCTION"             
## [59] "LINSEED_YIELD"                   "SUNFLOWER_AREA"                 
## [61] "SUNFLOWER_PRODUCTION"            "SUNFLOWER_YIELD"                
## [63] "SOYABEAN_AREA"                   "SOYABEAN_PRODUCTION"            
## [65] "SOYABEAN_YIELD"                  "OILSEEDS_AREA"                  
## [67] "OILSEEDS_PRODUCTION"             "OILSEEDS_YIELD"                 
## [69] "SUGARCANE_AREA"                  "SUGARCANE_PRODUCTION"           
## [71] "SUGARCANE_YIELD"                 "COTTON_AREA"                    
## [73] "COTTON_PRODUCTION"               "COTTON_YIELD"                   
## [75] "FRUITS_AREA"                     "VEGETABLES_AREA"                
## [77] "FRUITS_AND_VEGETABLES_AREA"      "POTATOES_AREA"                  
## [79] "ONION_AREA"                      "FODDER_AREA"

Transforming the Data:

Creating a new data consisting the columns State, District, type of Crop, Area, Production and Yield

df1 <- data %>%
  pivot_longer(
    cols = matches("_(AREA|PRODUCTION|YIELD)$"),  # Select columns that end with AREA, PRODUCTION, or YIELD
    names_to = c("Crop", ".value"),  # Split column names into crop types and measurement types
    names_pattern = "(.+)_(.+)"  # Regex to split the column names
  )


df2 <- data1 %>%
  pivot_longer(
    cols = matches("_(AREA|PRODUCTION|YIELD)$"),  
    names_to = c("Crop", ".value"),  
    names_pattern = "(.+)_(.+)"  
  )


df3 <- data2 %>%
  pivot_longer(
    cols = matches("_(AREA|PRODUCTION|YIELD)$"),  
    names_to = c("Crop", ".value"),  
    names_pattern = "(.+)_(.+)"  
  )

Removing empty and duplicate rows

# Check for missing values
sum(is.na(df1))
## [1] 0
sum(is.na(df2))
## [1] 3720
sum(is.na(df3))
## [1] 3732
# Remove rows with any missing values
df1 <- na.omit(df1)
df2 <- na.omit(df2)
df3 <- na.omit(df3)
# Remove duplicate rows if any
df1 <- unique(df1)
df2 <- unique(df2)
df3 <- unique(df3)

Filtering out the data which has empty columns

I am considering rows with “0’s” as empty because if the area the crop cultivated is “0” then automatically the Production and Yield are zero.

df1 <- df1 %>% filter(AREA != 0.00)
df1 <- df1 %>% filter(PRODUCTION != 0.0)
df1 <- df1 %>% filter(YIELD != 0.0)

df2 <- df2 %>% filter(AREA != 0.00)
df2 <- df2 %>% filter(PRODUCTION != 0.0)
df2 <- df2 %>% filter(YIELD != 0.0)

df3 <- df3 %>% filter(AREA != 0.00)
df3 <- df3 %>% filter(PRODUCTION != 0.0)
df3 <- df3 %>% filter(YIELD != 0.0)

Joining the Data

Since all of the three data sets contain same columns it is easier to join them using bind rows.

df <- bind_rows(df1, df2, df3)
head(df)
## # A tibble: 6 × 9
##   Dist_Code  Year State_Code State_Name  Dist_Name Crop    AREA PRODUCTION YIELD
##       <int> <int>      <int> <chr>       <chr>     <chr>  <dbl>      <dbl> <dbl>
## 1         1  2017         14 Chhattisga… Durg      RICE  841.       983.   1169.
## 2         1  2017         14 Chhattisga… Durg      WHEAT  43.5       50.2  1154.
## 3         1  2017         14 Chhattisga… Durg      SORG…   0.11       0.14 1269.
## 4         1  2017         14 Chhattisga… Durg      MAIZE   9.25      18.1  1956.
## 5         1  2017         14 Chhattisga… Durg      CHIC… 258.       259.   1004.
## 6         1  2017         14 Chhattisga… Durg      PIGE…  26.2       10.7   407.
df <- df %>% drop_na()

Re-scaling the Data

Here as the data is in a different scales. I am scaling them down in the range of 0 - 10 and rounding them to 3 decimal points. This will improve the performance of the models and significantly reduce the impact of outliers.

df$AREA <- ((df$AREA - min(df$AREA)) / (max(df$AREA) - min(df$AREA))) * 10
df$AREA <- round(df$AREA, 3)

df$PRODUCTION <- ((df$PRODUCTION - min(df$PRODUCTION)) / (max(df$PRODUCTION) - min(df$PRODUCTION))) * 10
df$PRODUCTION <- round(df$PRODUCTION, 3)

df$YIELD <- ((df$YIELD - min(df$YIELD)) / (max(df$YIELD) - min(df$YIELD))) * 10
df$YIELD <- round(df$YIELD, 3)

head(df)
## # A tibble: 6 × 9
##   Dist_Code  Year State_Code State_Name   Dist_Name Crop   AREA PRODUCTION YIELD
##       <int> <int>      <int> <chr>        <chr>     <chr> <dbl>      <dbl> <dbl>
## 1         1  2017         14 Chhattisgarh Durg      RICE  7.40       2.36  0.545
## 2         1  2017         14 Chhattisgarh Durg      WHEAT 0.383      0.12  0.538
## 3         1  2017         14 Chhattisgarh Durg      SORG… 0.001      0     0.592
## 4         1  2017         14 Chhattisgarh Durg      MAIZE 0.081      0.043 0.913
## 5         1  2017         14 Chhattisgarh Durg      CHIC… 2.28       0.622 0.468
## 6         1  2017         14 Chhattisgarh Durg      PIGE… 0.231      0.026 0.19

Analyzing the Transformed Data Set

summary(df)
##    Dist_Code          Year        State_Code    State_Name       
##  Min.   :  1.0   Min.   :2015   Min.   : 1.0   Length:12614      
##  1st Qu.: 72.0   1st Qu.:2015   1st Qu.: 6.0   Class :character  
##  Median :143.0   Median :2016   Median : 9.0   Mode  :character  
##  Mean   :248.2   Mean   :2016   Mean   : 9.1                     
##  3rd Qu.:229.0   3rd Qu.:2017   3rd Qu.:12.0                     
##  Max.   :917.0   Max.   :2017   Max.   :20.0                     
##   Dist_Name             Crop                AREA           PRODUCTION     
##  Length:12614       Length:12614       Min.   : 0.0000   Min.   : 0.0000  
##  Class :character   Class :character   1st Qu.: 0.0060   1st Qu.: 0.0010  
##  Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Median : 0.0500   Median : 0.0150  
##                                        Mean   : 0.3831   Mean   : 0.2095  
##                                        3rd Qu.: 0.3400   3rd Qu.: 0.1090  
##                                        Max.   :10.0000   Max.   :10.0000  
##      YIELD        
##  Min.   : 0.0000  
##  1st Qu.: 0.3010  
##  Median : 0.5030  
##  Mean   : 0.7733  
##  3rd Qu.: 0.9330  
##  Max.   :10.0000
str(df)
## tibble [12,614 × 9] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
##  $ Dist_Code : int [1:12614] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
##  $ Year      : int [1:12614] 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 ...
##  $ State_Code: int [1:12614] 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 ...
##  $ State_Name: chr [1:12614] "Chhattisgarh" "Chhattisgarh" "Chhattisgarh" "Chhattisgarh" ...
##  $ Dist_Name : chr [1:12614] "Durg" "Durg" "Durg" "Durg" ...
##  $ Crop      : chr [1:12614] "RICE" "WHEAT" "SORGHUM" "MAIZE" ...
##  $ AREA      : num [1:12614] 7.404 0.383 0.001 0.081 2.275 ...
##  $ PRODUCTION: num [1:12614] 2.358 0.12 0 0.043 0.622 ...
##  $ YIELD     : num [1:12614] 0.545 0.538 0.592 0.913 0.468 0.19 0.197 0.804 0.128 0.198 ...

Distribution of Crops based on Area

# Histogram of Crop Area
ggplot(df, aes(x = AREA)) + 
  geom_histogram(fill = "blue", bins = 30) + 
  facet_wrap(~Crop) +
  labs(title = "Distribution of Crop Area", x = "Area", y = "Frequency")

## Box Plot of Crop yield by type of Crop

# Boxplot of Crop Yield by Type
ggplot(df, aes(x = Crop, y = YIELD)) + 
  geom_boxplot() +
  labs(title = "Yield Variation Among Crops", x = "Crop Type", y = "Yield (kg per ha)") +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1))

Average Production by Type of Crop

# Now plot using ggplot
ggplot(df, aes(x = PRODUCTION, y = reorder(Crop, PRODUCTION), fill = Crop)) + 
  geom_bar(stat = "identity") +
  labs(title = "Average Production by Crop Type", x = "Production (tons)", y = "Crop Type") +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1))

Scatter Plot of Area Vs Yield

# Scatter Plot of Area vs Yield
ggplot(df, aes(x = AREA, y = YIELD, color = Crop)) + 
  geom_point(alpha = 0.6) +
  labs(title = "Area vs Yield by Crop Type", x = "Area", y = "Yield")

Heatmap of Yield by Region(State)

# Heatmap of Yield (assuming 'Region' and 'Yield' are available)
ggplot(df, aes(x = State_Name, y = Crop, fill = YIELD)) + 
  geom_tile() +
  labs(title = "Heatmap of Yield by Region and Crop", x = "Region", y = "Crop Type") +
  scale_fill_gradient(low = "yellow", high = "red") +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1))

Trend of Production Over Three years time

ggplot(df, aes(x = Year, y = PRODUCTION, group = Crop, color = Crop)) + 
  geom_line() +
  labs(title = "Production Trends Over Time", x = "Year", y = "Production (tons)")

Feature Selection:

Checking the Correlation between the numerical variables

correlation <- cor(df$AREA, df$PRODUCTION, use = "complete.obs")  # Handling NA values appropriately
print(paste("Correlation between Area and Production: ", correlation))
## [1] "Correlation between Area and Production:  0.761618245507838"
correlation2 <- cor(df$AREA, df$YIELD, use = "complete.obs")  
print(paste("Correlation between Area and Yield: ", correlation2))
## [1] "Correlation between Area and Yield:  0.0945749034910121"
correlation3 <- cor(df$Year, df$PRODUCTION, use = "complete.obs")  
print(paste("Correlation between Year and Production: ", correlation3))
## [1] "Correlation between Year and Production:  0.0232810403757944"
correlation4 <- cor(df$YIELD, df$PRODUCTION, use = "complete.obs")  
print(paste("Correlation between Area and Production: ", correlation4))
## [1] "Correlation between Area and Production:  0.34371781675732"

There is a high correlation between Area and Production of the crop. Rest of the combination of numerical variables are not that correlated to each other.

Performing ANOVA for the dataset:

anova_model <- aov(PRODUCTION ~ Crop + Dist_Name, data = df)
summary(anova_model)
##                Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)    
## Crop           22 1150.4   52.29 215.985 <2e-16 ***
## Dist_Name     310  336.3    1.08   4.481 <2e-16 ***
## Residuals   12281 2973.3    0.24                   
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Based on the above outputs, There is high correlation between Area and production and the results of ANOVA show that Crop and District significantly explain the variability in production. For the regression I am selecting Area, Crop and District name as my features.

For regression I am converting the categorical variables into factors using as.factor

Converting the Categorical variables into factors

df$Crop <- as.factor(df$Crop)
df$Dist_Name <- as.factor(df$Dist_Name)

Multiple Linear Regression:

Since there are more than one independent variables such as Area, Crop, Dist_Name. I am going to use Multiple Linear Regression. As Production depends on the amount of Area the Crop is sown and The type of Crop also decides the production as some crops give more production and other don’t. Finally, District name as there may be a different type of soil in each district which may affect the production of Crop.

Splitting the Data into Training and Testing

I am splitting the data set into train and test in the ration of 70:30

set.seed(123)  # for reproducibility
train_indices <- sample(1:nrow(df), size = 0.7 * nrow(df))
train <- df[train_indices, ]
test<- df[-train_indices, ]
model <- lm(PRODUCTION ~ AREA + Crop + Dist_Name, data = train)

# Summary of the model to see coefficients and statistics
summary(model)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = PRODUCTION ~ AREA + Crop + Dist_Name, data = train)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.2752 -0.0932  0.0098  0.0905  5.1622 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                                                    Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept)                                       3.288e-02  5.973e-02   0.550
## AREA                                              5.308e-01  5.113e-03 103.819
## CropCASTOR                                        5.560e-02  2.963e-02   1.876
## CropCHICKPEA                                     -5.021e-02  2.325e-02  -2.159
## CropCOTTON                                       -3.080e-01  2.743e-02 -11.228
## CropFINGER_MILLET                                 7.349e-03  3.043e-02   0.241
## CropGROUNDNUT                                     1.822e-02  2.412e-02   0.755
## CropKHARIF_SORGHUM                                2.573e-03  2.509e-02   0.103
## CropLINSEED                                       4.438e-02  2.808e-02   1.581
## CropMAIZE                                         1.012e-01  2.340e-02   4.325
## CropMINOR_PULSES                                 -1.409e-01  2.296e-02  -6.136
## CropOILSEEDS                                     -1.777e-01  3.197e-02  -5.557
## CropPEARL_MILLET                                 -5.393e-02  2.546e-02  -2.118
## CropPIGEONPEA                                    -3.189e-02  2.386e-02  -1.336
## CropRABI_SORGHUM                                 -1.064e-01  3.361e-02  -3.165
## CropRAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD                         -2.778e-02  2.367e-02  -1.174
## CropRICE                                          2.473e-01  2.430e-02  10.178
## CropSAFFLOWER                                     9.199e-02  3.802e-02   2.419
## CropSESAMUM                                      -3.023e-03  2.343e-02  -0.129
## CropSORGHUM                                      -6.197e-02  2.491e-02  -2.488
## CropSOYABEAN                                     -1.387e-01  2.796e-02  -4.959
## CropSUGARCANE                                     2.475e-01  2.426e-02  10.202
## CropSUNFLOWER                                     8.259e-03  2.728e-02   0.303
## CropWHEAT                                         4.416e-01  2.406e-02  18.359
## Dist_NameAdilabad                                -1.040e-01  7.622e-02  -1.364
## Dist_NameAgra                                    -3.307e-04  8.119e-02  -0.004
## Dist_NameAhmedabad                               -5.022e-02  8.352e-02  -0.601
## Dist_NameAhmednagar                              -2.106e-01  7.816e-02  -2.695
## Dist_NameAjmer                                   -1.678e-01  8.195e-02  -2.048
## Dist_NameAkola                                   -2.199e-01  7.928e-02  -2.774
## Dist_NameAlappuzha                               -9.788e-02  1.422e-01  -0.689
## Dist_NameAligarh                                  5.213e-02  7.870e-02   0.662
## Dist_NameAllahabad                               -1.041e-02  7.988e-02  -0.130
## Dist_NameAlmorah                                 -5.915e-02  8.535e-02  -0.693
## Dist_NameAlwar                                   -4.785e-03  8.350e-02  -0.057
## Dist_NameAmarawati                               -2.271e-01  7.923e-02  -2.867
## Dist_NameAmbala                                   2.325e-01  9.787e-02   2.376
## Dist_NameAmreli                                  -1.369e-01  8.528e-02  -1.605
## Dist_NameAmritsar                                 3.851e-01  9.412e-02   4.092
## Dist_NameAnanthapur                              -2.311e-01  7.932e-02  -2.914
## Dist_NameAurangabad                              -3.717e-01  7.627e-02  -4.873
## Dist_NameAzamgarh                                 9.036e-03  8.435e-02   0.107
## Dist_NameBahraich                                -2.986e-03  8.055e-02  -0.037
## Dist_NameBalaghat                                -1.260e-01  8.968e-02  -1.405
## Dist_NameBalasore                                -5.890e-02  8.435e-02  -0.698
## Dist_NameBallia                                  -5.098e-02  8.271e-02  -0.616
## Dist_NameBanaskantha                             -7.420e-06  8.192e-02   0.000
## Dist_NameBanda                                   -1.429e-01  8.054e-02  -1.774
## Dist_NameBangalore                               -6.824e-02  8.532e-02  -0.800
## Dist_NameBankura                                 -2.769e-02  8.527e-02  -0.325
## Dist_NameBanswara                                -4.770e-02  7.872e-02  -0.606
## Dist_NameBarabanki                               -6.135e-03  8.348e-02  -0.073
## Dist_NameBareilly                                 1.082e-01  8.351e-02   1.295
## Dist_NameBarmer                                  -4.114e-01  8.275e-02  -4.971
## Dist_NameBastar                                  -1.422e-01  8.351e-02  -1.703
## Dist_NameBasti                                    1.135e-02  8.349e-02   0.136
## Dist_NameBeed                                    -3.382e-01  7.579e-02  -4.463
## Dist_NameBelgaum                                  5.638e-02  7.233e-02   0.780
## Dist_NameBellary                                 -6.354e-02  7.625e-02  -0.833
## Dist_NameBetul                                   -1.245e-01  8.052e-02  -1.546
## Dist_NameBhagalpur                               -2.469e-02  7.871e-02  -0.314
## Dist_NameBhandara                                -1.241e-01  8.437e-02  -1.470
## Dist_NameBharatpur                                2.471e-02  7.989e-02   0.309
## Dist_NameBharuch                                 -8.780e-02  7.624e-02  -1.152
## Dist_NameBhatinda                                 3.546e-01  9.107e-02   3.894
## Dist_NameBhavnagar                               -9.109e-02  8.193e-02  -1.112
## Dist_NameBhilwara                                -8.908e-02  7.716e-02  -1.154
## Dist_NameBhind                                   -1.938e-02  8.350e-02  -0.232
## Dist_NameBidar                                   -9.519e-02  7.871e-02  -1.209
## Dist_NameBijapur / Vijayapura                    -3.144e-01  7.814e-02  -4.023
## Dist_NameBijnor                                   1.170e-01  9.780e-02   1.196
## Dist_NameBikaner                                 -1.841e-01  8.270e-02  -2.226
## Dist_NameBilashpur                               -5.271e-02  9.795e-02  -0.538
## Dist_NameBilaspur                                -1.021e-01  7.814e-02  -1.307
## Dist_NameBirbhum                                 -1.757e-02  7.989e-02  -0.220
## Dist_NameBolangir                                -6.630e-02  7.538e-02  -0.880
## Dist_NameBombay                                  -1.346e-01  3.244e-01  -0.415
## Dist_NameBudaun                                   1.040e-02  8.348e-02   0.125
## Dist_NameBuland Shahar                            1.056e-01  8.192e-02   1.289
## Dist_NameBuldhana                                -1.555e-01  7.713e-02  -2.016
## Dist_NameBundi                                   -3.507e-02  7.931e-02  -0.442
## Dist_NameBurdwan                                  4.822e-02  7.984e-02   0.604
## Dist_NameCachar                                  -5.660e-02  8.434e-02  -0.671
## Dist_NameChamba                                  -1.227e-01  9.602e-02  -1.278
## Dist_NameChamoli                                 -7.847e-02  8.639e-02  -0.908
## Dist_NameChamparan                                8.886e-03  8.435e-02   0.105
## Dist_NameChandrapur                              -1.414e-01  7.668e-02  -1.843
## Dist_NameChengalpattu MGR / Kanchipuram           2.670e-02  8.275e-02   0.323
## Dist_NameChhatarpur                              -1.216e-01  7.815e-02  -1.556
## Dist_NameChhindwara                               6.208e-02  8.048e-02   0.771
## Dist_NameChickmagalur                            -1.976e-02  7.875e-02  -0.251
## Dist_NameChitradurga                             -3.781e-02  7.497e-02  -0.504
## Dist_NameChittoor                                -2.502e-02  7.876e-02  -0.318
## Dist_NameChittorgarh                             -3.253e-02  7.871e-02  -0.413
## Dist_NameChuru                                   -3.861e-01  9.258e-02  -4.170
## Dist_NameCoimbatore                              -5.089e-03  7.994e-02  -0.064
## Dist_NameCooch Behar                             -5.840e-02  9.107e-02  -0.641
## Dist_NameCuttack                                 -1.472e-01  8.348e-02  -1.763
## Dist_NameDakshina Kannada                        -7.692e-02  1.082e-01  -0.711
## Dist_NameDamoh                                   -1.182e-01  8.056e-02  -1.467
## Dist_NameDangs                                   -1.181e-01  8.634e-02  -1.368
## Dist_NameDarbhanga                               -3.300e-02  8.195e-02  -0.403
## Dist_NameDarjeeling                              -1.046e-01  8.273e-02  -1.265
## Dist_NameDarrang                                 -1.063e-01  8.529e-02  -1.246
## Dist_NameDatia                                   -7.962e-02  8.053e-02  -0.989
## Dist_NameDehradun                                -8.070e-02  7.994e-02  -1.009
## Dist_NameDeoria                                   4.659e-02  8.350e-02   0.558
## Dist_NameDewas                                   -1.231e-01  8.527e-02  -1.443
## Dist_NameDhanbad                                 -8.712e-02  9.111e-02  -0.956
## Dist_NameDhar                                    -1.991e-02  8.435e-02  -0.236
## Dist_NameDharwad                                 -2.255e-01  7.580e-02  -2.974
## Dist_NameDhenkanal                               -1.651e-01  8.740e-02  -1.889
## Dist_NameDhule                                   -1.539e-01  7.424e-02  -2.074
## Dist_NameDibrugarh                               -1.037e-01  9.109e-02  -1.138
## Dist_NameDungarpur                               -9.213e-02  7.768e-02  -1.186
## Dist_NameDurg                                    -2.013e-01  7.812e-02  -2.576
## Dist_NameEast Godavari                            9.537e-02  7.992e-02   1.193
## Dist_NameEranakulam                              -1.877e-01  1.335e-01  -1.406
## Dist_NameEtah                                     1.828e-02  8.120e-02   0.225
## Dist_NameEtawah                                  -1.617e-02  8.192e-02  -0.197
## Dist_NameFaizabad                                 1.806e-02  8.192e-02   0.220
## Dist_NameFarrukhabad                             -3.260e-02  8.123e-02  -0.401
## Dist_NameFatehpur                                -6.266e-02  7.766e-02  -0.807
## Dist_NameFerozpur                                 9.418e-01  9.116e-02  10.331
## Dist_NameGanganagar                              -7.134e-02  7.538e-02  -0.946
## Dist_NameGanjam                                  -1.002e-01  7.764e-02  -1.291
## Dist_NameGarhwal                                 -7.246e-02  8.542e-02  -0.848
## Dist_NameGaya                                     1.037e-02  8.528e-02   0.122
## Dist_NameGhazipur                                -4.375e-02  7.870e-02  -0.556
## Dist_NameGoalpara                                -1.253e-01  8.193e-02  -1.530
## Dist_NameGonda                                    3.562e-02  8.628e-02   0.413
## Dist_NameGorakhpur                                4.537e-02  8.270e-02   0.549
## Dist_NameGulbarga / Kalaburagi                   -2.178e-01  7.669e-02  -2.840
## Dist_NameGuna                                    -1.655e-01  8.739e-02  -1.894
## Dist_NameGuntur                                   2.571e-02  7.503e-02   0.343
## Dist_NameGurdaspur                                1.178e-01  9.413e-02   1.251
## Dist_NameGurgaon                                  8.630e-02  8.127e-02   1.062
## Dist_NameGwalior                                 -3.568e-02  8.272e-02  -0.431
## Dist_NameHamirpur                                -1.479e-01  7.537e-02  -1.963
## Dist_NameHardoi                                   2.755e-03  7.991e-02   0.034
## Dist_NameHassan                                   2.806e-04  7.585e-02   0.004
## Dist_NameHazaribagh                              -7.693e-02  9.106e-02  -0.845
## Dist_NameHissar                                   4.052e-01  8.546e-02   4.742
## Dist_NameHooghly                                 -8.490e-02  8.848e-02  -0.960
## Dist_NameHoshangabad                              1.346e-01  8.190e-02   1.643
## Dist_NameHoshiarpur                               7.513e-02  9.781e-02   0.768
## Dist_NameHowrah                                  -1.209e-01  9.109e-02  -1.327
## Dist_NameHyderabad                               -5.536e-02  7.296e-02  -0.759
## Dist_NameIndore                                  -1.615e-02  9.999e-02  -0.162
## Dist_NameJabalpur                                -6.676e-02  8.119e-02  -0.822
## Dist_NameJaipur                                  -9.956e-02  8.121e-02  -1.226
## Dist_NameJaisalmer                               -1.160e-01  8.631e-02  -1.344
## Dist_NameJalandhar                                1.993e-01  8.847e-02   2.252
## Dist_NameJalaun                                  -3.697e-02  8.199e-02  -0.451
## Dist_NameJalgaon                                 -1.698e-01  7.815e-02  -2.173
## Dist_NameJalore                                  -1.678e-01  8.195e-02  -2.048
## Dist_NameJalpaiguri                              -9.206e-02  8.050e-02  -1.144
## Dist_NameJamnagar                                -9.269e-02  8.194e-02  -1.131
## Dist_NameJaunpur                                 -2.017e-02  8.122e-02  -0.248
## Dist_NameJhabua                                  -4.404e-02  8.350e-02  -0.527
## Dist_NameJhalawar                                -1.045e-01  7.623e-02  -1.371
## Dist_NameJhansi                                  -1.748e-01  7.814e-02  -2.237
## Dist_NameJhunjhunu                               -5.513e-02  9.258e-02  -0.595
## Dist_NameJind                                     2.037e-01  1.082e-01   1.882
## Dist_NameJodhpur                                 -2.605e-01  8.441e-02  -3.086
## Dist_NameJunagadh                                -7.096e-02  7.929e-02  -0.895
## Dist_NameKadapa YSR                              -7.069e-02  7.624e-02  -0.927
## Dist_NameKalahandi                               -1.074e-01  7.712e-02  -1.393
## Dist_NameKamrup                                  -8.776e-02  8.977e-02  -0.978
## Dist_NameKangra                                  -8.346e-02  8.358e-02  -0.999
## Dist_NameKannur                                  -6.598e-02  1.537e-01  -0.429
## Dist_NameKanpur                                  -2.000e-02  7.622e-02  -0.262
## Dist_NameKanyakumari                             -6.541e-02  1.207e-01  -0.542
## Dist_NameKapurthala                               7.173e-02  1.264e-01   0.567
## Dist_NameKarbi Anglong                           -9.457e-02  8.053e-02  -1.174
## Dist_NameKarimnagar                               7.095e-02  7.766e-02   0.914
## Dist_NameKarnal                                   5.427e-01  9.415e-02   5.764
## Dist_NameKeonjhar                                -1.063e-01  7.766e-02  -1.369
## Dist_NameKhammam                                  1.402e-02  7.931e-02   0.177
## Dist_NameKhandwa / East Nimar                    -8.934e-02  7.816e-02  -1.143
## Dist_NameKhargone / West Nimar                   -5.616e-02  8.118e-02  -0.692
## Dist_NameKheda                                    7.787e-03  7.669e-02   0.102
## Dist_NameKheri                                    9.848e-02  8.351e-02   1.179
## Dist_NameKinnaur                                 -1.495e-01  9.805e-02  -1.524
## Dist_NameKodagu / Coorg                          -1.234e-01  1.423e-01  -0.868
## Dist_NameKolar                                   -2.884e-02  7.931e-02  -0.364
## Dist_NameKolhapur                                 3.606e-02  8.129e-02   0.444
## Dist_NameKollam                                  -1.633e-01  1.207e-01  -1.353
## Dist_NameKoraput                                 -9.413e-02  7.387e-02  -1.274
## Dist_NameKota                                    -4.529e-02  7.986e-02  -0.567
## Dist_NameKottayam                                -1.399e-01  1.160e-01  -1.206
## Dist_NameKozhikode                               -3.858e-02  1.423e-01  -0.271
## Dist_NameKrishna                                  1.120e-01  8.122e-02   1.379
## Dist_NameKullu                                   -8.185e-02  8.746e-02  -0.936
## Dist_NameKurnool                                 -1.164e-01  7.354e-02  -1.583
## Dist_NameKutch                                   -5.504e-02  7.992e-02  -0.689
## Dist_NameLahul & Spiti                           -1.014e-01  1.053e-01  -0.964
## Dist_NameLakhimpur                               -1.320e-01  8.631e-02  -1.529
## Dist_NameLucknow                                 -4.467e-02  8.352e-02  -0.535
## Dist_NameLudhiana                                 2.978e-01  9.418e-02   3.162
## Dist_NameMadurai                                  1.790e-02  7.873e-02   0.227
## Dist_NameMahabubnagar                            -1.580e-01  7.497e-02  -2.108
## Dist_NameMahendragarh / Narnaul                   3.250e-02  8.056e-02   0.403
## Dist_NameMainpuri                                -9.331e-03  8.054e-02  -0.116
## Dist_NameMalappuram                              -9.768e-02  1.537e-01  -0.636
## Dist_NameMalda                                   -4.202e-02  8.267e-02  -0.508
## Dist_NameMandi                                   -4.152e-02  8.982e-02  -0.462
## Dist_NameMandla                                  -1.086e-01  8.438e-02  -1.287
## Dist_NameMandsaur                                -1.333e-01  8.528e-02  -1.563
## Dist_NameMandya                                  -2.159e-02  8.273e-02  -0.261
## Dist_NameMathura                                  1.088e-02  8.270e-02   0.132
## Dist_NameMayurbhanja                             -7.748e-02  8.196e-02  -0.945
## Dist_NameMedak                                   -8.111e-02  7.870e-02  -1.031
## Dist_NameMeerut                                   2.543e-01  8.441e-02   3.012
## Dist_NameMehsana                                 -3.867e-02  7.870e-02  -0.491
## Dist_NameMidnapur                                 6.964e-02  8.624e-02   0.807
## Dist_NameMirzpur                                 -8.579e-02  7.926e-02  -1.082
## Dist_NameMoradabad                                7.247e-02  8.349e-02   0.868
## Dist_NameMorena                                  -2.160e-02  7.989e-02  -0.270
## Dist_NameMungair                                 -7.859e-03  7.764e-02  -0.101
## Dist_NameMurshidabad                              2.492e-03  8.120e-02   0.031
## Dist_NameMuzaffarnagar                            7.376e-04  9.416e-02   0.008
## Dist_NameMuzaffarpur                             -7.534e-02  8.054e-02  -0.935
## Dist_NameMysore                                  -6.240e-02  7.773e-02  -0.803
## Dist_NameNadia                                   -5.332e-02  8.626e-02  -0.618
## Dist_NameNagaon                                  -6.319e-02  9.254e-02  -0.683
## Dist_NameNagaur                                  -3.158e-01  8.276e-02  -3.816
## Dist_NameNagpur                                  -1.321e-01  7.872e-02  -1.678
## Dist_NameNainital                                 1.293e-02  8.979e-02   0.144
## Dist_NameNalgonda                                -1.105e-01  7.988e-02  -1.384
## Dist_NameNanded                                  -2.697e-01  7.665e-02  -3.518
## Dist_NameNarsinghpur                             -7.485e-02  8.630e-02  -0.867
## Dist_NameNasik                                   -1.888e-02  7.541e-02  -0.250
## Dist_NameNizamabad                               -1.023e-02  7.711e-02  -0.133
## Dist_NameNorth Arcot / Vellore                    4.768e-02  8.276e-02   0.576
## Dist_NameNorth Cachar Hil / Dima hasao           -4.321e-02  9.592e-02  -0.450
## Dist_NameOsmanabad                               -3.104e-01  7.424e-02  -4.181
## Dist_NamePalakkad                                -4.899e-02  9.417e-02  -0.520
## Dist_NamePalamau                                 -1.247e-01  8.848e-02  -1.409
## Dist_NamePali                                    -1.767e-01  7.815e-02  -2.261
## Dist_NamePanchmahal                              -1.239e-01  7.814e-02  -1.586
## Dist_NamePanna                                   -7.780e-02  8.847e-02  -0.879
## Dist_NameParbhani                                -3.401e-01  7.714e-02  -4.409
## Dist_NamePatiala                                  4.624e-01  8.845e-02   5.228
## Dist_NamePatna                                   -3.776e-02  7.871e-02  -0.480
## Dist_NamePhulbani ( Kandhamal )                  -7.341e-02  7.394e-02  -0.993
## Dist_NamePilibhit                                 8.945e-02  8.851e-02   1.011
## Dist_NamePithorgarh                              -9.115e-02  8.197e-02  -1.112
## Dist_NamePratapgarh                              -6.976e-02  8.353e-02  -0.835
## Dist_NamePune                                    -4.968e-02  7.991e-02  -0.622
## Dist_NamePuri                                    -1.413e-01  7.577e-02  -1.864
## Dist_NamePurnea                                  -2.546e-02  8.121e-02  -0.313
## Dist_NamePurulia                                 -5.182e-02  7.925e-02  -0.654
## Dist_NameRae-Bareily                             -5.309e-02  7.714e-02  -0.688
## Dist_NameRaichur                                 -1.440e-01  7.387e-02  -1.950
## Dist_NameRaigad                                  -6.747e-02  1.082e-01  -0.624
## Dist_NameRaigarh                                 -1.076e-01  7.765e-02  -1.385
## Dist_NameRaipur                                  -1.482e-01  8.187e-02  -1.811
## Dist_NameRaisen                                  -7.670e-02  9.590e-02  -0.800
## Dist_NameRajgarh                                 -1.855e-01  8.735e-02  -2.124
## Dist_NameRajkot                                  -1.315e-01  7.870e-02  -1.671
## Dist_NameRamananthapuram                         -1.189e-02  8.196e-02  -0.145
## Dist_NameRampur                                  -1.027e-02  8.351e-02  -0.123
## Dist_NameRanchi                                  -1.046e-01  8.526e-02  -1.227
## Dist_NameRatlam                                  -4.543e-02  8.974e-02  -0.506
## Dist_NameRatnagiri                               -3.131e-02  9.113e-02  -0.344
## Dist_NameRewa                                    -6.544e-02  7.715e-02  -0.848
## Dist_NameRohtak                                   1.484e-01  8.849e-02   1.677
## Dist_NameRoopnagar / Ropar                       -2.460e-03  9.109e-02  -0.027
## Dist_NameS.P.S. Nellore                           2.948e-02  7.675e-02   0.384
## Dist_NameSabarkantha                             -2.545e-02  8.056e-02  -0.316
## Dist_NameSagar                                   -2.176e-01  8.437e-02  -2.579
## Dist_NameSaharanpur                               2.852e-01  9.110e-02   3.131
## Dist_NameSaharsa                                 -7.791e-02  8.741e-02  -0.891
## Dist_NameSalem                                    5.493e-02  7.929e-02   0.693
## Dist_NameSambalpur                               -1.323e-01  7.870e-02  -1.681
## Dist_NameSangli                                  -4.411e-02  7.761e-02  -0.568
## Dist_NameSangrur                                  6.179e-01  8.529e-02   7.245
## Dist_NameSanthal Paragana / Dumka                -1.110e-01  8.846e-02  -1.255
## Dist_NameSaran                                   -3.842e-02  8.270e-02  -0.465
## Dist_NameSatara                                  -8.173e-02  7.619e-02  -1.073
## Dist_NameSatna                                   -6.861e-02  8.121e-02  -0.845
## Dist_NameSehore                                  -1.285e-01  7.985e-02  -1.610
## Dist_NameSeoni / Shivani                         -5.226e-02  8.528e-02  -0.613
## Dist_NameShahabad (now part of Bhojpur district)  7.957e-02  7.991e-02   0.996
## Dist_NameShahdol                                 -7.572e-02  8.122e-02  -0.932
## Dist_NameShahjahanpur                             2.592e-02  7.991e-02   0.324
## Dist_NameShajapur                                -7.401e-02  8.269e-02  -0.895
## Dist_NameShimla                                  -5.294e-02  9.606e-02  -0.551
## Dist_NameShimoge                                 -1.525e-02  8.360e-02  -0.182
## Dist_NameShivpuri                                -1.219e-01  8.055e-02  -1.513
## Dist_NameSibsagar                                -1.315e-01  8.439e-02  -1.558
## Dist_NameSidhi                                   -8.008e-02  8.530e-02  -0.939
## Dist_NameSikar                                   -1.257e-01  8.269e-02  -1.520
## Dist_NameSinghbhum                               -7.388e-02  9.109e-02  -0.811
## Dist_NameSirmaur                                 -9.443e-02  8.858e-02  -1.066
## Dist_NameSirohi                                  -7.971e-02  8.736e-02  -0.912
## Dist_NameSitapur                                  1.188e-01  8.122e-02   1.463
## Dist_NameSolan                                   -5.575e-02  9.119e-02  -0.611
## Dist_NameSolapur                                 -2.165e-01  7.324e-02  -2.956
## Dist_NameSouth Arcot / Cuddalore                  2.375e-01  7.767e-02   3.057
## Dist_NameSrikakulam                               9.670e-03  7.993e-02   0.121
## Dist_NameSultanpur                               -3.670e-02  7.929e-02  -0.463
## Dist_NameSundargarh                              -1.082e-01  7.584e-02  -1.427
## Dist_NameSurat                                    6.040e-03  7.623e-02   0.079
## Dist_NameSurendranagar                           -1.118e-01  7.987e-02  -1.400
## Dist_NameSurguja                                 -1.364e-01  7.928e-02  -1.721
## Dist_NameSwami Madhopur                          -4.512e-02  7.994e-02  -0.564
## Dist_NameTehri Garhwal                           -9.028e-02  9.594e-02  -0.941
## Dist_NameThane                                   -1.177e-01  9.114e-02  -1.292
## Dist_NameThanjavur                                6.543e-02  7.874e-02   0.831
## Dist_NameThe Nilgiris                            -2.221e-01  1.697e-01  -1.309
## Dist_NameThirunelveli                            -1.909e-02  7.825e-02  -0.244
## Dist_NameThiruvananthapuram                      -4.618e-02  1.538e-01  -0.300
## Dist_NameThrissur                                -1.043e-01  1.930e-01  -0.540
## Dist_NameTikamgarh                               -1.320e-01  8.526e-02  -1.548
## Dist_NameTiruchirapalli / Trichy                  8.423e-02  7.717e-02   1.091
## Dist_NameTonk                                    -9.092e-02  7.928e-02  -1.147
## Dist_NameTumkur                                  -7.621e-02  7.716e-02  -0.988
## Dist_NameUdaipur                                 -5.684e-02  7.539e-02  -0.754
## Dist_NameUjjain                                  -1.615e-01  8.982e-02  -1.799
## Dist_NameUnnao                                   -6.774e-02  7.765e-02  -0.872
## Dist_NameUttar Kashi                             -7.652e-02  9.121e-02  -0.839
## Dist_NameUttara Kannada                          -2.368e-03  1.000e-01  -0.024
## Dist_NameVadodara / Baroda                       -7.846e-02  7.873e-02  -0.997
## Dist_NameValsad                                  -4.062e-02  8.128e-02  -0.500
## Dist_NameVaranasi                                -3.060e-02  7.929e-02  -0.386
## Dist_NameVidisha                                 -2.227e-01  8.439e-02  -2.639
## Dist_NameVisakhapatnam                            2.965e-02  7.820e-02   0.379
## Dist_NameWarangal                                 2.855e-03  7.817e-02   0.037
## Dist_NameWardha                                  -1.460e-01  8.437e-02  -1.730
## Dist_NameWest Dinajpur                           -4.334e-02  8.531e-02  -0.508
## Dist_NameWest Godavari                            2.624e-01  8.053e-02   3.259
## Dist_NameYeotmal                                 -3.199e-01  8.123e-02  -3.938
##                                                  Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                                      0.582054    
## AREA                                              < 2e-16 ***
## CropCASTOR                                       0.060653 .  
## CropCHICKPEA                                     0.030860 *  
## CropCOTTON                                        < 2e-16 ***
## CropFINGER_MILLET                                0.809193    
## CropGROUNDNUT                                    0.450008    
## CropKHARIF_SORGHUM                               0.918311    
## CropLINSEED                                      0.114009    
## CropMAIZE                                        1.54e-05 ***
## CropMINOR_PULSES                                 8.85e-10 ***
## CropOILSEEDS                                     2.83e-08 ***
## CropPEARL_MILLET                                 0.034202 *  
## CropPIGEONPEA                                    0.181472    
## CropRABI_SORGHUM                                 0.001555 ** 
## CropRAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD                         0.240524    
## CropRICE                                          < 2e-16 ***
## CropSAFFLOWER                                    0.015570 *  
## CropSESAMUM                                      0.897358    
## CropSORGHUM                                      0.012864 *  
## CropSOYABEAN                                     7.22e-07 ***
## CropSUGARCANE                                     < 2e-16 ***
## CropSUNFLOWER                                    0.762129    
## CropWHEAT                                         < 2e-16 ***
## Dist_NameAdilabad                                0.172517    
## Dist_NameAgra                                    0.996750    
## Dist_NameAhmedabad                               0.547672    
## Dist_NameAhmednagar                              0.007063 ** 
## Dist_NameAjmer                                   0.040584 *  
## Dist_NameAkola                                   0.005547 ** 
## Dist_NameAlappuzha                               0.491147    
## Dist_NameAligarh                                 0.507716    
## Dist_NameAllahabad                               0.896331    
## Dist_NameAlmorah                                 0.488334    
## Dist_NameAlwar                                   0.954304    
## Dist_NameAmarawati                               0.004159 ** 
## Dist_NameAmbala                                  0.017518 *  
## Dist_NameAmreli                                  0.108515    
## Dist_NameAmritsar                                4.31e-05 ***
## Dist_NameAnanthapur                              0.003581 ** 
## Dist_NameAurangabad                              1.12e-06 ***
## Dist_NameAzamgarh                                0.914689    
## Dist_NameBahraich                                0.970432    
## Dist_NameBalaghat                                0.160087    
## Dist_NameBalasore                                0.485045    
## Dist_NameBallia                                  0.537705    
## Dist_NameBanaskantha                             0.999928    
## Dist_NameBanda                                   0.076144 .  
## Dist_NameBangalore                               0.423841    
## Dist_NameBankura                                 0.745383    
## Dist_NameBanswara                                0.544533    
## Dist_NameBarabanki                               0.941418    
## Dist_NameBareilly                                0.195265    
## Dist_NameBarmer                                  6.77e-07 ***
## Dist_NameBastar                                  0.088612 .  
## Dist_NameBasti                                   0.891852    
## Dist_NameBeed                                    8.19e-06 ***
## Dist_NameBelgaum                                 0.435692    
## Dist_NameBellary                                 0.404687    
## Dist_NameBetul                                   0.122163    
## Dist_NameBhagalpur                               0.753785    
## Dist_NameBhandara                                0.141484    
## Dist_NameBharatpur                               0.757116    
## Dist_NameBharuch                                 0.249474    
## Dist_NameBhatinda                                9.95e-05 ***
## Dist_NameBhavnagar                               0.266212    
## Dist_NameBhilwara                                0.248342    
## Dist_NameBhind                                   0.816449    
## Dist_NameBidar                                   0.226533    
## Dist_NameBijapur / Vijayapura                    5.80e-05 ***
## Dist_NameBijnor                                  0.231568    
## Dist_NameBikaner                                 0.026022 *  
## Dist_NameBilashpur                               0.590484    
## Dist_NameBilaspur                                0.191375    
## Dist_NameBirbhum                                 0.825955    
## Dist_NameBolangir                                0.379092    
## Dist_NameBombay                                  0.678166    
## Dist_NameBudaun                                  0.900817    
## Dist_NameBuland Shahar                           0.197291    
## Dist_NameBuldhana                                0.043792 *  
## Dist_NameBundi                                   0.658347    
## Dist_NameBurdwan                                 0.545895    
## Dist_NameCachar                                  0.502231    
## Dist_NameChamba                                  0.201238    
## Dist_NameChamoli                                 0.363722    
## Dist_NameChamparan                               0.916095    
## Dist_NameChandrapur                              0.065293 .  
## Dist_NameChengalpattu MGR / Kanchipuram          0.746975    
## Dist_NameChhatarpur                              0.119841    
## Dist_NameChhindwara                              0.440541    
## Dist_NameChickmagalur                            0.801841    
## Dist_NameChitradurga                             0.614023    
## Dist_NameChittoor                                0.750759    
## Dist_NameChittorgarh                             0.679462    
## Dist_NameChuru                                   3.07e-05 ***
## Dist_NameCoimbatore                              0.949242    
## Dist_NameCooch Behar                             0.521360    
## Dist_NameCuttack                                 0.077864 .  
## Dist_NameDakshina Kannada                        0.477077    
## Dist_NameDamoh                                   0.142310    
## Dist_NameDangs                                   0.171285    
## Dist_NameDarbhanga                               0.687194    
## Dist_NameDarjeeling                              0.205943    
## Dist_NameDarrang                                 0.212720    
## Dist_NameDatia                                   0.322846    
## Dist_NameDehradun                                0.312777    
## Dist_NameDeoria                                  0.576911    
## Dist_NameDewas                                   0.149029    
## Dist_NameDhanbad                                 0.338972    
## Dist_NameDhar                                    0.813411    
## Dist_NameDharwad                                 0.002943 ** 
## Dist_NameDhenkanal                               0.058915 .  
## Dist_NameDhule                                   0.038145 *  
## Dist_NameDibrugarh                               0.254952    
## Dist_NameDungarpur                               0.235667    
## Dist_NameDurg                                    0.009999 ** 
## Dist_NameEast Godavari                           0.232758    
## Dist_NameEranakulam                              0.159782    
## Dist_NameEtah                                    0.821889    
## Dist_NameEtawah                                  0.843497    
## Dist_NameFaizabad                                0.825490    
## Dist_NameFarrukhabad                             0.688214    
## Dist_NameFatehpur                                0.419743    
## Dist_NameFerozpur                                 < 2e-16 ***
## Dist_NameGanganagar                              0.343983    
## Dist_NameGanjam                                  0.196911    
## Dist_NameGarhwal                                 0.396283    
## Dist_NameGaya                                    0.903175    
## Dist_NameGhazipur                                0.578225    
## Dist_NameGoalpara                                0.126137    
## Dist_NameGonda                                   0.679725    
## Dist_NameGorakhpur                               0.583277    
## Dist_NameGulbarga / Kalaburagi                   0.004528 ** 
## Dist_NameGuna                                    0.058299 .  
## Dist_NameGuntur                                  0.731814    
## Dist_NameGurdaspur                               0.210925    
## Dist_NameGurgaon                                 0.288295    
## Dist_NameGwalior                                 0.666272    
## Dist_NameHamirpur                                0.049689 *  
## Dist_NameHardoi                                  0.972499    
## Dist_NameHassan                                  0.997048    
## Dist_NameHazaribagh                              0.398266    
## Dist_NameHissar                                  2.16e-06 ***
## Dist_NameHooghly                                 0.337310    
## Dist_NameHoshangabad                             0.100434    
## Dist_NameHoshiarpur                              0.442457    
## Dist_NameHowrah                                  0.184515    
## Dist_NameHyderabad                               0.448073    
## Dist_NameIndore                                  0.871655    
## Dist_NameJabalpur                                0.410922    
## Dist_NameJaipur                                  0.220248    
## Dist_NameJaisalmer                               0.179070    
## Dist_NameJalandhar                               0.024334 *  
## Dist_NameJalaun                                  0.652026    
## Dist_NameJalgaon                                 0.029835 *  
## Dist_NameJalore                                  0.040583 *  
## Dist_NameJalpaiguri                              0.252838    
## Dist_NameJamnagar                                0.258040    
## Dist_NameJaunpur                                 0.803926    
## Dist_NameJhabua                                  0.597906    
## Dist_NameJhalawar                                0.170513    
## Dist_NameJhansi                                  0.025281 *  
## Dist_NameJhunjhunu                               0.551532    
## Dist_NameJind                                    0.059846 .  
## Dist_NameJodhpur                                 0.002034 ** 
## Dist_NameJunagadh                                0.370795    
## Dist_NameKadapa YSR                              0.353856    
## Dist_NameKalahandi                               0.163754    
## Dist_NameKamrup                                  0.328267    
## Dist_NameKangra                                  0.318015    
## Dist_NameKannur                                  0.667758    
## Dist_NameKanpur                                  0.793047    
## Dist_NameKanyakumari                             0.587814    
## Dist_NameKapurthala                              0.570408    
## Dist_NameKarbi Anglong                           0.240254    
## Dist_NameKarimnagar                              0.360939    
## Dist_NameKarnal                                  8.49e-09 ***
## Dist_NameKeonjhar                                0.171174    
## Dist_NameKhammam                                 0.859657    
## Dist_NameKhandwa / East Nimar                    0.253038    
## Dist_NameKhargone / West Nimar                   0.489064    
## Dist_NameKheda                                   0.919125    
## Dist_NameKheri                                   0.238328    
## Dist_NameKinnaur                                 0.127432    
## Dist_NameKodagu / Coorg                          0.385629    
## Dist_NameKolar                                   0.716089    
## Dist_NameKolhapur                                0.657325    
## Dist_NameKollam                                  0.176100    
## Dist_NameKoraput                                 0.202629    
## Dist_NameKota                                    0.570626    
## Dist_NameKottayam                                0.227875    
## Dist_NameKozhikode                               0.786213    
## Dist_NameKrishna                                 0.167812    
## Dist_NameKullu                                   0.349337    
## Dist_NameKurnool                                 0.113502    
## Dist_NameKutch                                   0.491043    
## Dist_NameLahul & Spiti                           0.335248    
## Dist_NameLakhimpur                               0.126224    
## Dist_NameLucknow                                 0.592773    
## Dist_NameLudhiana                                0.001570 ** 
## Dist_NameMadurai                                 0.820111    
## Dist_NameMahabubnagar                            0.035072 *  
## Dist_NameMahendragarh / Narnaul                  0.686657    
## Dist_NameMainpuri                                0.907762    
## Dist_NameMalappuram                              0.525083    
## Dist_NameMalda                                   0.611262    
## Dist_NameMandi                                   0.643882    
## Dist_NameMandla                                  0.198239    
## Dist_NameMandsaur                                0.118041    
## Dist_NameMandya                                  0.794153    
## Dist_NameMathura                                 0.895349    
## Dist_NameMayurbhanja                             0.344521    
## Dist_NameMedak                                   0.302753    
## Dist_NameMeerut                                  0.002601 ** 
## Dist_NameMehsana                                 0.623217    
## Dist_NameMidnapur                                0.419407    
## Dist_NameMirzpur                                 0.279125    
## Dist_NameMoradabad                               0.385413    
## Dist_NameMorena                                  0.786885    
## Dist_NameMungair                                 0.919380    
## Dist_NameMurshidabad                             0.975521    
## Dist_NameMuzaffarnagar                           0.993750    
## Dist_NameMuzaffarpur                             0.349576    
## Dist_NameMysore                                  0.422156    
## Dist_NameNadia                                   0.536513    
## Dist_NameNagaon                                  0.494730    
## Dist_NameNagaur                                  0.000136 ***
## Dist_NameNagpur                                  0.093290 .  
## Dist_NameNainital                                0.885516    
## Dist_NameNalgonda                                0.166453    
## Dist_NameNanded                                  0.000437 ***
## Dist_NameNarsinghpur                             0.385772    
## Dist_NameNasik                                   0.802281    
## Dist_NameNizamabad                               0.894476    
## Dist_NameNorth Arcot / Vellore                   0.564553    
## Dist_NameNorth Cachar Hil / Dima hasao           0.652390    
## Dist_NameOsmanabad                               2.94e-05 ***
## Dist_NamePalakkad                                0.602903    
## Dist_NamePalamau                                 0.158735    
## Dist_NamePali                                    0.023783 *  
## Dist_NamePanchmahal                              0.112768    
## Dist_NamePanna                                   0.379222    
## Dist_NameParbhani                                1.05e-05 ***
## Dist_NamePatiala                                 1.76e-07 ***
## Dist_NamePatna                                   0.631423    
## Dist_NamePhulbani ( Kandhamal )                  0.320820    
## Dist_NamePilibhit                                0.312234    
## Dist_NamePithorgarh                              0.266146    
## Dist_NamePratapgarh                              0.403673    
## Dist_NamePune                                    0.534156    
## Dist_NamePuri                                    0.062326 .  
## Dist_NamePurnea                                  0.753940    
## Dist_NamePurulia                                 0.513189    
## Dist_NameRae-Bareily                             0.491333    
## Dist_NameRaichur                                 0.051219 .  
## Dist_NameRaigad                                  0.532899    
## Dist_NameRaigarh                                 0.166040    
## Dist_NameRaipur                                  0.070228 .  
## Dist_NameRaisen                                  0.423840    
## Dist_NameRajgarh                                 0.033734 *  
## Dist_NameRajkot                                  0.094724 .  
## Dist_NameRamananthapuram                         0.884654    
## Dist_NameRampur                                  0.902128    
## Dist_NameRanchi                                  0.219727    
## Dist_NameRatlam                                  0.612674    
## Dist_NameRatnagiri                               0.731176    
## Dist_NameRewa                                    0.396284    
## Dist_NameRohtak                                  0.093512 .  
## Dist_NameRoopnagar / Ropar                       0.978451    
## Dist_NameS.P.S. Nellore                          0.700856    
## Dist_NameSabarkantha                             0.752060    
## Dist_NameSagar                                   0.009936 ** 
## Dist_NameSaharanpur                              0.001750 ** 
## Dist_NameSaharsa                                 0.372801    
## Dist_NameSalem                                   0.488456    
## Dist_NameSambalpur                               0.092802 .  
## Dist_NameSangli                                  0.569783    
## Dist_NameSangrur                                 4.71e-13 ***
## Dist_NameSanthal Paragana / Dumka                0.209433    
## Dist_NameSaran                                   0.642259    
## Dist_NameSatara                                  0.283439    
## Dist_NameSatna                                   0.398205    
## Dist_NameSehore                                  0.107505    
## Dist_NameSeoni / Shivani                         0.540034    
## Dist_NameShahabad (now part of Bhojpur district) 0.319375    
## Dist_NameShahdol                                 0.351179    
## Dist_NameShahjahanpur                            0.745712    
## Dist_NameShajapur                                0.370816    
## Dist_NameShimla                                  0.581569    
## Dist_NameShimoge                                 0.855219    
## Dist_NameShivpuri                                0.130390    
## Dist_NameSibsagar                                0.119177    
## Dist_NameSidhi                                   0.347870    
## Dist_NameSikar                                   0.128619    
## Dist_NameSinghbhum                               0.417378    
## Dist_NameSirmaur                                 0.286433    
## Dist_NameSirohi                                  0.361602    
## Dist_NameSitapur                                 0.143503    
## Dist_NameSolan                                   0.541023    
## Dist_NameSolapur                                 0.003129 ** 
## Dist_NameSouth Arcot / Cuddalore                 0.002239 ** 
## Dist_NameSrikakulam                              0.903708    
## Dist_NameSultanpur                               0.643479    
## Dist_NameSundargarh                              0.153639    
## Dist_NameSurat                                   0.936855    
## Dist_NameSurendranagar                           0.161564    
## Dist_NameSurguja                                 0.085274 .  
## Dist_NameSwami Madhopur                          0.572509    
## Dist_NameTehri Garhwal                           0.346729    
## Dist_NameThane                                   0.196445    
## Dist_NameThanjavur                               0.406007    
## Dist_NameThe Nilgiris                            0.190604    
## Dist_NameThirunelveli                            0.807304    
## Dist_NameThiruvananthapuram                      0.764025    
## Dist_NameThrissur                                0.589022    
## Dist_NameTikamgarh                               0.121717    
## Dist_NameTiruchirapalli / Trichy                 0.275098    
## Dist_NameTonk                                    0.251531    
## Dist_NameTumkur                                  0.323357    
## Dist_NameUdaipur                                 0.450901    
## Dist_NameUjjain                                  0.072110 .  
## Dist_NameUnnao                                   0.383046    
## Dist_NameUttar Kashi                             0.401517    
## Dist_NameUttara Kannada                          0.981109    
## Dist_NameVadodara / Baroda                       0.318972    
## Dist_NameValsad                                  0.617218    
## Dist_NameVaranasi                                0.699548    
## Dist_NameVidisha                                 0.008342 ** 
## Dist_NameVisakhapatnam                           0.704553    
## Dist_NameWarangal                                0.970864    
## Dist_NameWardha                                  0.083648 .  
## Dist_NameWest Dinajpur                           0.611485    
## Dist_NameWest Godavari                           0.001124 ** 
## Dist_NameYeotmal                                 8.28e-05 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.3191 on 8495 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.7128, Adjusted R-squared:  0.7016 
## F-statistic: 63.32 on 333 and 8495 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# Predict the PRODUCTION in the test data set
predictions <- predict(model, newdata = test)

# Calculating the prediction performance metrics, such as Mean Squared Error (MSE)
mse <- mean((predictions - test$PRODUCTION)^2)

# Calculating RMSE
rmse <- sqrt(mse)

# Print the MSE and RMSE
print(paste("MSE on test data:", mse))
## [1] "MSE on test data: 0.127370670628581"
print(paste("RMSE on test data:", rmse))
## [1] "RMSE on test data: 0.356890278136827"
ggplot(data = test, aes(x = PRODUCTION, y = predictions)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_line(aes(y = PRODUCTION), color = "red") +
  labs(title = "Actual vs. Predicted Production",
       x = "Actual Production",
       y = "Predicted Production") +
  theme_minimal()

This model is with interaction between Area and Crop

# Fit the linear regression model with Interaction effects
interaction_model <- lm(PRODUCTION ~ AREA * Crop + Dist_Name, data = train)

# Summary of the model to see coefficients and statistics
summary(interaction_model)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = PRODUCTION ~ AREA * Crop + Dist_Name, data = train)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -2.63178 -0.03617  0.00059  0.03784  2.25736 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                                                    Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept)                                       2.350e-02  3.416e-02   0.688
## AREA                                              8.530e-01  1.778e-01   4.799
## CropCASTOR                                        8.960e-03  1.827e-02   0.490
## CropCHICKPEA                                      1.400e-02  1.502e-02   0.932
## CropCOTTON                                        3.061e-05  1.798e-02   0.002
## CropFINGER_MILLET                                 1.005e-02  1.922e-02   0.523
## CropGROUNDNUT                                     6.678e-03  1.516e-02   0.441
## CropKHARIF_SORGHUM                                1.258e-02  1.614e-02   0.779
## CropLINSEED                                       2.804e-02  1.804e-02   1.554
## CropMAIZE                                         2.615e-02  1.526e-02   1.713
## CropMINOR_PULSES                                  9.922e-03  1.493e-02   0.665
## CropOILSEEDS                                      9.916e-02  2.230e-02   4.447
## CropPEARL_MILLET                                  5.161e-02  1.610e-02   3.206
## CropPIGEONPEA                                     7.205e-03  1.512e-02   0.477
## CropRABI_SORGHUM                                  6.192e-03  2.101e-02   0.295
## CropRAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD                         -6.643e-03  1.510e-02  -0.440
## CropRICE                                          3.658e-02  1.603e-02   2.282
## CropSAFFLOWER                                     2.314e-02  2.363e-02   0.980
## CropSESAMUM                                       7.015e-03  1.494e-02   0.470
## CropSORGHUM                                       2.584e-02  1.559e-02   1.658
## CropSOYABEAN                                      2.488e-02  1.836e-02   1.356
## CropSUGARCANE                                    -1.156e-02  1.541e-02  -0.750
## CropSUNFLOWER                                     8.798e-04  1.676e-02   0.053
## CropWHEAT                                        -1.619e-01  1.634e-02  -9.908
## Dist_NameAdilabad                                -6.054e-03  4.294e-02  -0.141
## Dist_NameAgra                                     1.419e-03  4.568e-02   0.031
## Dist_NameAhmedabad                               -5.262e-02  4.713e-02  -1.117
## Dist_NameAhmednagar                              -5.274e-02  4.418e-02  -1.194
## Dist_NameAjmer                                   -5.581e-02  4.629e-02  -1.206
## Dist_NameAkola                                   -6.665e-02  4.472e-02  -1.490
## Dist_NameAlappuzha                               -2.639e-02  7.994e-02  -0.330
## Dist_NameAligarh                                 -5.158e-03  4.432e-02  -0.116
## Dist_NameAllahabad                               -5.447e-02  4.495e-02  -1.212
## Dist_NameAlmorah                                 -5.911e-02  4.801e-02  -1.231
## Dist_NameAlwar                                    6.298e-02  4.717e-02   1.335
## Dist_NameAmarawati                               -5.934e-02  4.466e-02  -1.329
## Dist_NameAmbala                                   9.551e-02  5.506e-02   1.735
## Dist_NameAmreli                                  -4.397e-03  4.807e-02  -0.091
## Dist_NameAmritsar                                 1.311e-01  5.301e-02   2.473
## Dist_NameAnanthapur                              -8.724e-02  4.481e-02  -1.947
## Dist_NameAurangabad                              -1.218e-01  4.322e-02  -2.819
## Dist_NameAzamgarh                                -1.039e-01  4.746e-02  -2.190
## Dist_NameBahraich                                -6.702e-02  4.532e-02  -1.479
## Dist_NameBalaghat                                -7.833e-02  5.043e-02  -1.553
## Dist_NameBalasore                                -3.048e-02  4.741e-02  -0.643
## Dist_NameBallia                                  -6.139e-02  4.653e-02  -1.319
## Dist_NameBanaskantha                              5.515e-02  4.640e-02   1.189
## Dist_NameBanda                                   -1.139e-01  4.535e-02  -2.512
## Dist_NameBangalore                               -3.119e-02  4.819e-02  -0.647
## Dist_NameBankura                                 -1.060e-02  4.793e-02  -0.221
## Dist_NameBanswara                                -7.000e-02  4.430e-02  -1.580
## Dist_NameBarabanki                               -4.209e-02  4.696e-02  -0.896
## Dist_NameBareilly                                -6.564e-02  4.704e-02  -1.395
## Dist_NameBarmer                                  -1.614e-01  4.693e-02  -3.439
## Dist_NameBastar                                  -1.460e-01  4.693e-02  -3.111
## Dist_NameBasti                                   -7.883e-02  4.694e-02  -1.679
## Dist_NameBeed                                    -1.102e-01  4.283e-02  -2.572
## Dist_NameBelgaum                                 -1.888e-02  4.083e-02  -0.463
## Dist_NameBellary                                  9.441e-04  4.291e-02   0.022
## Dist_NameBetul                                   -7.439e-02  4.534e-02  -1.641
## Dist_NameBhagalpur                               -1.194e-02  4.428e-02  -0.270
## Dist_NameBhandara                                -1.162e-01  4.746e-02  -2.448
## Dist_NameBharatpur                                4.641e-02  4.508e-02   1.030
## Dist_NameBharuch                                 -3.980e-02  4.292e-02  -0.927
## Dist_NameBhatinda                                 2.306e-01  5.126e-02   4.500
## Dist_NameBhavnagar                                2.145e-02  4.614e-02   0.465
## Dist_NameBhilwara                                -8.709e-02  4.350e-02  -2.002
## Dist_NameBhind                                    3.830e-03  4.700e-02   0.081
## Dist_NameBidar                                   -2.687e-02  4.452e-02  -0.603
## Dist_NameBijapur / Vijayapura                    -9.278e-02  4.493e-02  -2.065
## Dist_NameBijnor                                  -3.970e-02  5.509e-02  -0.721
## Dist_NameBikaner                                 -7.560e-02  4.672e-02  -1.618
## Dist_NameBilashpur                               -3.350e-02  5.512e-02  -0.608
## Dist_NameBilaspur                                -7.909e-02  4.393e-02  -1.801
## Dist_NameBirbhum                                  1.792e-02  4.491e-02   0.399
## Dist_NameBolangir                                -3.830e-02  4.239e-02  -0.903
## Dist_NameBombay                                  -5.041e-02  1.823e-01  -0.277
## Dist_NameBudaun                                  -7.306e-02  4.701e-02  -1.554
## Dist_NameBuland Shahar                           -1.682e-02  4.610e-02  -0.365
## Dist_NameBuldhana                                -3.324e-02  4.345e-02  -0.765
## Dist_NameBundi                                   -2.352e-02  4.463e-02  -0.527
## Dist_NameBurdwan                                  4.980e-02  4.486e-02   1.110
## Dist_NameCachar                                  -6.891e-02  4.741e-02  -1.453
## Dist_NameChamba                                  -2.423e-02  5.403e-02  -0.449
## Dist_NameChamoli                                 -4.729e-02  4.861e-02  -0.973
## Dist_NameChamparan                               -2.174e-01  4.750e-02  -4.576
## Dist_NameChandrapur                              -7.801e-02  4.314e-02  -1.808
## Dist_NameChengalpattu MGR / Kanchipuram           1.116e-02  4.654e-02   0.240
## Dist_NameChhatarpur                              -7.477e-02  4.412e-02  -1.695
## Dist_NameChhindwara                               3.270e-02  4.533e-02   0.721
## Dist_NameChickmagalur                            -3.529e-02  4.431e-02  -0.796
## Dist_NameChitradurga                             -1.352e-02  4.229e-02  -0.320
## Dist_NameChittoor                                -2.535e-02  4.435e-02  -0.571
## Dist_NameChittorgarh                             -3.662e-02  4.431e-02  -0.827
## Dist_NameChuru                                   -1.246e-01  5.235e-02  -2.379
## Dist_NameCoimbatore                              -8.102e-03  4.497e-02  -0.180
## Dist_NameCooch Behar                              1.941e-03  5.119e-02   0.038
## Dist_NameCuttack                                 -4.093e-02  4.698e-02  -0.871
## Dist_NameDakshina Kannada                        -2.972e-02  6.084e-02  -0.489
## Dist_NameDamoh                                   -4.464e-02  4.536e-02  -0.984
## Dist_NameDangs                                   -1.927e-02  4.855e-02  -0.397
## Dist_NameDarbhanga                               -3.619e-02  4.611e-02  -0.785
## Dist_NameDarjeeling                              -2.814e-02  4.655e-02  -0.604
## Dist_NameDarrang                                 -5.877e-02  4.794e-02  -1.226
## Dist_NameDatia                                   -5.871e-02  4.534e-02  -1.295
## Dist_NameDehradun                                -2.928e-02  4.498e-02  -0.651
## Dist_NameDeoria                                  -1.131e-01  4.699e-02  -2.407
## Dist_NameDewas                                   -2.598e-02  4.819e-02  -0.539
## Dist_NameDhanbad                                 -2.967e-02  5.124e-02  -0.579
## Dist_NameDhar                                    -3.131e-02  4.749e-02  -0.659
## Dist_NameDharwad                                 -1.097e-01  4.278e-02  -2.564
## Dist_NameDhenkanal                               -9.343e-02  4.920e-02  -1.899
## Dist_NameDhule                                   -4.013e-02  4.184e-02  -0.959
## Dist_NameDibrugarh                               -4.938e-02  5.122e-02  -0.964
## Dist_NameDungarpur                               -6.167e-02  4.371e-02  -1.411
## Dist_NameDurg                                    -1.896e-01  4.397e-02  -4.311
## Dist_NameEast Godavari                            6.653e-02  4.493e-02   1.480
## Dist_NameEranakulam                              -3.953e-02  7.512e-02  -0.526
## Dist_NameEtah                                    -1.989e-02  4.573e-02  -0.435
## Dist_NameEtawah                                  -1.376e-02  4.609e-02  -0.298
## Dist_NameFaizabad                                -4.356e-02  4.609e-02  -0.945
## Dist_NameFarrukhabad                             -3.640e-02  4.572e-02  -0.796
## Dist_NameFatehpur                                -5.780e-02  4.369e-02  -1.323
## Dist_NameFerozpur                                 4.851e-01  5.142e-02   9.434
## Dist_NameGanganagar                              -1.728e-02  4.286e-02  -0.403
## Dist_NameGanjam                                  -6.190e-02  4.366e-02  -1.418
## Dist_NameGarhwal                                 -3.809e-02  4.805e-02  -0.793
## Dist_NameGaya                                    -5.724e-02  4.796e-02  -1.193
## Dist_NameGhazipur                                -5.493e-02  4.427e-02  -1.241
## Dist_NameGoalpara                                -6.823e-02  4.605e-02  -1.482
## Dist_NameGonda                                   -1.097e-01  4.858e-02  -2.258
## Dist_NameGorakhpur                               -1.049e-01  4.656e-02  -2.254
## Dist_NameGulbarga / Kalaburagi                   -1.231e-02  4.338e-02  -0.284
## Dist_NameGuna                                    -6.897e-02  4.929e-02  -1.399
## Dist_NameGuntur                                   6.136e-02  4.223e-02   1.453
## Dist_NameGurdaspur                                4.365e-02  5.294e-02   0.825
## Dist_NameGurgaon                                  1.693e-02  4.574e-02   0.370
## Dist_NameGwalior                                 -2.378e-02  4.655e-02  -0.511
## Dist_NameHamirpur                                -9.322e-02  4.254e-02  -2.191
## Dist_NameHardoi                                  -5.324e-02  4.496e-02  -1.184
## Dist_NameHassan                                  -9.348e-03  4.274e-02  -0.219
## Dist_NameHazaribagh                              -7.124e-02  5.120e-02  -1.391
## Dist_NameHissar                                   2.320e-01  4.833e-02   4.799
## Dist_NameHooghly                                  7.871e-03  4.975e-02   0.158
## Dist_NameHoshangabad                              9.769e-03  4.616e-02   0.212
## Dist_NameHoshiarpur                               2.874e-02  5.502e-02   0.522
## Dist_NameHowrah                                  -1.172e-02  5.122e-02  -0.229
## Dist_NameHyderabad                               -2.810e-02  4.107e-02  -0.684
## Dist_NameIndore                                   3.641e-02  5.626e-02   0.647
## Dist_NameJabalpur                                -3.569e-02  4.570e-02  -0.781
## Dist_NameJaipur                                   1.392e-02  4.600e-02   0.303
## Dist_NameJaisalmer                               -5.767e-02  4.857e-02  -1.188
## Dist_NameJalandhar                                1.359e-01  4.976e-02   2.731
## Dist_NameJalaun                                  -2.331e-02  4.613e-02  -0.505
## Dist_NameJalgaon                                  6.586e-03  4.419e-02   0.149
## Dist_NameJalore                                  -7.049e-02  4.621e-02  -1.526
## Dist_NameJalpaiguri                              -2.155e-02  4.527e-02  -0.476
## Dist_NameJamnagar                                -1.261e-02  4.622e-02  -0.273
## Dist_NameJaunpur                                 -7.356e-02  4.570e-02  -1.610
## Dist_NameJhabua                                  -2.989e-02  4.701e-02  -0.636
## Dist_NameJhalawar                                -4.880e-02  4.292e-02  -1.137
## Dist_NameJhansi                                  -1.072e-01  4.421e-02  -2.424
## Dist_NameJhunjhunu                                9.455e-03  5.212e-02   0.181
## Dist_NameJind                                     4.609e-02  6.090e-02   0.757
## Dist_NameJodhpur                                 -3.680e-02  4.768e-02  -0.772
## Dist_NameJunagadh                                -3.684e-03  4.499e-02  -0.082
## Dist_NameKadapa YSR                              -3.494e-02  4.291e-02  -0.814
## Dist_NameKalahandi                               -9.205e-03  4.339e-02  -0.212
## Dist_NameKamrup                                  -5.220e-02  5.046e-02  -1.035
## Dist_NameKangra                                  -9.879e-02  4.706e-02  -2.099
## Dist_NameKannur                                  -4.576e-02  8.647e-02  -0.529
## Dist_NameKanpur                                  -3.435e-02  4.290e-02  -0.801
## Dist_NameKanyakumari                             -2.996e-02  6.791e-02  -0.441
## Dist_NameKapurthala                               1.410e-01  7.108e-02   1.984
## Dist_NameKarbi Anglong                           -5.313e-02  4.527e-02  -1.174
## Dist_NameKarimnagar                               6.182e-02  4.370e-02   1.415
## Dist_NameKarnal                                   1.823e-01  5.305e-02   3.436
## Dist_NameKeonjhar                                -5.458e-02  4.367e-02  -1.250
## Dist_NameKhammam                                  2.910e-03  4.462e-02   0.065
## Dist_NameKhandwa / East Nimar                    -3.416e-02  4.402e-02  -0.776
## Dist_NameKhargone / West Nimar                   -7.201e-03  4.574e-02  -0.157
## Dist_NameKheda                                   -1.249e-02  4.313e-02  -0.290
## Dist_NameKheri                                   -5.588e-02  4.702e-02  -1.188
## Dist_NameKinnaur                                 -6.483e-03  5.517e-02  -0.118
## Dist_NameKodagu / Coorg                          -3.973e-02  8.002e-02  -0.496
## Dist_NameKolar                                   -3.257e-02  4.482e-02  -0.727
## Dist_NameKolhapur                                 2.661e-02  4.574e-02   0.582
## Dist_NameKollam                                  -3.399e-02  6.792e-02  -0.500
## Dist_NameKoraput                                 -7.182e-02  4.160e-02  -1.726
## Dist_NameKota                                     6.563e-03  4.498e-02   0.146
## Dist_NameKottayam                                -3.337e-02  6.530e-02  -0.511
## Dist_NameKozhikode                               -4.387e-02  8.004e-02  -0.548
## Dist_NameKrishna                                  1.097e-01  4.569e-02   2.401
## Dist_NameKullu                                   -3.430e-02  4.921e-02  -0.697
## Dist_NameKurnool                                  3.418e-03  4.147e-02   0.082
## Dist_NameKutch                                   -2.699e-03  4.517e-02  -0.060
## Dist_NameLahul & Spiti                            3.794e-03  5.919e-02   0.064
## Dist_NameLakhimpur                               -6.044e-02  4.853e-02  -1.245
## Dist_NameLucknow                                 -4.184e-02  4.698e-02  -0.891
## Dist_NameLudhiana                                 2.258e-01  5.298e-02   4.262
## Dist_NameMadurai                                  1.243e-02  4.429e-02   0.281
## Dist_NameMahabubnagar                            -6.700e-02  4.233e-02  -1.583
## Dist_NameMahendragarh / Narnaul                   6.543e-02  4.536e-02   1.443
## Dist_NameMainpuri                                -2.233e-02  4.532e-02  -0.493
## Dist_NameMalappuram                              -4.244e-02  8.647e-02  -0.491
## Dist_NameMalda                                    1.886e-02  4.648e-02   0.406
## Dist_NameMandi                                   -6.820e-02  5.053e-02  -1.350
## Dist_NameMandla                                  -7.234e-02  4.758e-02  -1.520
## Dist_NameMandsaur                                -1.189e-02  4.812e-02  -0.247
## Dist_NameMandya                                  -4.291e-03  4.661e-02  -0.092
## Dist_NameMathura                                 -3.163e-02  4.653e-02  -0.680
## Dist_NameMayurbhanja                             -1.029e-01  4.608e-02  -2.233
## Dist_NameMedak                                   -2.378e-02  4.430e-02  -0.537
## Dist_NameMeerut                                  -9.588e-04  4.767e-02  -0.020
## Dist_NameMehsana                                 -2.008e-02  4.436e-02  -0.453
## Dist_NameMidnapur                                 8.265e-02  4.862e-02   1.700
## Dist_NameMirzpur                                 -7.416e-02  4.462e-02  -1.662
## Dist_NameMoradabad                               -8.841e-02  4.702e-02  -1.880
## Dist_NameMorena                                   5.070e-02  4.506e-02   1.125
## Dist_NameMungair                                 -3.488e-02  4.370e-02  -0.798
## Dist_NameMurshidabad                              2.625e-02  4.564e-02   0.575
## Dist_NameMuzaffarnagar                           -9.721e-03  5.299e-02  -0.183
## Dist_NameMuzaffarpur                             -1.393e-01  4.531e-02  -3.074
## Dist_NameMysore                                  -2.415e-02  4.378e-02  -0.551
## Dist_NameNadia                                    7.813e-03  4.849e-02   0.161
## Dist_NameNagaon                                  -3.476e-02  5.203e-02  -0.668
## Dist_NameNagaur                                  -5.182e-02  4.685e-02  -1.106
## Dist_NameNagpur                                  -8.983e-02  4.431e-02  -2.027
## Dist_NameNainital                                -9.226e-03  5.050e-02  -0.183
## Dist_NameNalgonda                                -1.185e-02  4.500e-02  -0.263
## Dist_NameNanded                                  -9.309e-02  4.331e-02  -2.149
## Dist_NameNarsinghpur                             -3.839e-02  4.857e-02  -0.790
## Dist_NameNasik                                   -1.631e-02  4.248e-02  -0.384
## Dist_NameNizamabad                                1.084e-02  4.336e-02   0.250
## Dist_NameNorth Arcot / Vellore                    2.564e-02  4.657e-02   0.551
## Dist_NameNorth Cachar Hil / Dima hasao           -4.317e-02  5.395e-02  -0.800
## Dist_NameOsmanabad                               -1.263e-01  4.230e-02  -2.986
## Dist_NamePalakkad                                -3.758e-02  5.297e-02  -0.710
## Dist_NamePalamau                                 -8.131e-02  4.978e-02  -1.633
## Dist_NamePali                                    -7.460e-02  4.414e-02  -1.690
## Dist_NamePanchmahal                              -1.425e-01  4.410e-02  -3.231
## Dist_NamePanna                                   -1.353e-02  4.979e-02  -0.272
## Dist_NameParbhani                                -1.138e-01  4.374e-02  -2.601
## Dist_NamePatiala                                  2.568e-01  4.977e-02   5.160
## Dist_NamePatna                                   -2.871e-02  4.427e-02  -0.649
## Dist_NamePhulbani ( Kandhamal )                  -4.821e-02  4.158e-02  -1.159
## Dist_NamePilibhit                                -2.307e-02  4.982e-02  -0.463
## Dist_NamePithorgarh                              -4.744e-02  4.611e-02  -1.029
## Dist_NamePratapgarh                              -7.201e-02  4.700e-02  -1.532
## Dist_NamePune                                    -3.399e-03  4.507e-02  -0.075
## Dist_NamePuri                                    -6.499e-02  4.261e-02  -1.525
## Dist_NamePurnea                                  -4.698e-02  4.567e-02  -1.029
## Dist_NamePurulia                                 -4.901e-02  4.455e-02  -1.100
## Dist_NameRae-Bareily                             -5.140e-02  4.340e-02  -1.184
## Dist_NameRaichur                                 -1.642e-02  4.172e-02  -0.394
## Dist_NameRaigad                                  -1.582e-02  6.082e-02  -0.260
## Dist_NameRaigarh                                 -8.044e-02  4.365e-02  -1.843
## Dist_NameRaipur                                  -1.924e-01  4.601e-02  -4.181
## Dist_NameRaisen                                  -6.954e-02  5.399e-02  -1.288
## Dist_NameRajgarh                                 -5.740e-02  4.925e-02  -1.165
## Dist_NameRajkot                                   1.816e-02  4.458e-02   0.407
## Dist_NameRamananthapuram                         -4.357e-02  4.608e-02  -0.945
## Dist_NameRampur                                  -3.662e-02  4.698e-02  -0.779
## Dist_NameRanchi                                  -1.497e-01  4.792e-02  -3.124
## Dist_NameRatlam                                  -1.454e-02  5.049e-02  -0.288
## Dist_NameRatnagiri                               -2.165e-02  5.125e-02  -0.423
## Dist_NameRewa                                    -6.470e-02  4.345e-02  -1.489
## Dist_NameRohtak                                   3.179e-02  4.980e-02   0.638
## Dist_NameRoopnagar / Ropar                        2.657e-02  5.124e-02   0.519
## Dist_NameS.P.S. Nellore                           4.934e-03  4.317e-02   0.114
## Dist_NameSabarkantha                             -1.934e-02  4.540e-02  -0.426
## Dist_NameSagar                                   -7.423e-02  4.756e-02  -1.561
## Dist_NameSaharanpur                              -1.049e-01  5.162e-02  -2.032
## Dist_NameSaharsa                                 -5.729e-02  4.916e-02  -1.165
## Dist_NameSalem                                    8.728e-02  4.469e-02   1.953
## Dist_NameSambalpur                               -9.211e-02  4.424e-02  -2.082
## Dist_NameSangli                                  -2.135e-02  4.373e-02  -0.488
## Dist_NameSangrur                                  3.975e-01  4.802e-02   8.277
## Dist_NameSanthal Paragana / Dumka                -8.911e-02  4.976e-02  -1.791
## Dist_NameSaran                                   -1.220e-01  4.653e-02  -2.623
## Dist_NameSatara                                  -1.976e-02  4.289e-02  -0.461
## Dist_NameSatna                                   -3.648e-02  4.574e-02  -0.797
## Dist_NameSehore                                  -5.117e-02  4.505e-02  -1.136
## Dist_NameSeoni / Shivani                         -8.758e-02  4.798e-02  -1.825
## Dist_NameShahabad (now part of Bhojpur district) -6.477e-02  4.497e-02  -1.440
## Dist_NameShahdol                                 -7.846e-02  4.571e-02  -1.717
## Dist_NameShahjahanpur                            -2.567e-02  4.495e-02  -0.571
## Dist_NameShajapur                                -2.156e-02  4.659e-02  -0.463
## Dist_NameShimla                                  -3.610e-02  5.404e-02  -0.668
## Dist_NameShimoge                                 -1.456e-02  4.704e-02  -0.309
## Dist_NameShivpuri                                -5.406e-02  4.535e-02  -1.192
## Dist_NameSibsagar                                -6.569e-02  4.743e-02  -1.385
## Dist_NameSidhi                                   -7.020e-02  4.806e-02  -1.461
## Dist_NameSikar                                   -1.867e-02  4.666e-02  -0.400
## Dist_NameSinghbhum                               -7.171e-02  5.132e-02  -1.397
## Dist_NameSirmaur                                 -3.516e-02  4.983e-02  -0.706
## Dist_NameSirohi                                  -3.885e-02  4.915e-02  -0.791
## Dist_NameSitapur                                 -9.646e-02  4.579e-02  -2.107
## Dist_NameSolan                                   -3.994e-02  5.130e-02  -0.779
## Dist_NameSolapur                                 -9.583e-02  4.162e-02  -2.302
## Dist_NameSouth Arcot / Cuddalore                  1.397e-01  4.370e-02   3.198
## Dist_NameSrikakulam                              -5.122e-03  4.495e-02  -0.114
## Dist_NameSultanpur                               -6.158e-02  4.461e-02  -1.381
## Dist_NameSundargarh                              -7.441e-02  4.265e-02  -1.745
## Dist_NameSurat                                   -2.748e-02  4.289e-02  -0.641
## Dist_NameSurendranagar                           -2.788e-02  4.498e-02  -0.620
## Dist_NameSurguja                                 -1.089e-01  4.458e-02  -2.443
## Dist_NameSwami Madhopur                           7.234e-03  4.502e-02   0.161
## Dist_NameTehri Garhwal                           -3.798e-02  5.395e-02  -0.704
## Dist_NameThane                                   -2.512e-02  5.124e-02  -0.490
## Dist_NameThanjavur                                2.552e-02  4.426e-02   0.577
## Dist_NameThe Nilgiris                            -5.206e-02  9.554e-02  -0.545
## Dist_NameThirunelveli                            -1.605e-02  4.403e-02  -0.364
## Dist_NameThiruvananthapuram                      -4.402e-02  8.656e-02  -0.509
## Dist_NameThrissur                                -2.643e-02  1.086e-01  -0.243
## Dist_NameTikamgarh                               -4.170e-02  4.800e-02  -0.869
## Dist_NameTiruchirapalli / Trichy                  6.396e-02  4.342e-02   1.473
## Dist_NameTonk                                    -3.208e-02  4.466e-02  -0.718
## Dist_NameTumkur                                  -5.009e-02  4.345e-02  -1.153
## Dist_NameUdaipur                                 -8.569e-02  4.249e-02  -2.017
## Dist_NameUjjain                                  -1.265e-03  5.085e-02  -0.025
## Dist_NameUnnao                                   -9.118e-02  4.370e-02  -2.086
## Dist_NameUttar Kashi                             -2.309e-02  5.130e-02  -0.450
## Dist_NameUttara Kannada                          -3.453e-02  5.623e-02  -0.614
## Dist_NameVadodara / Baroda                       -1.658e-02  4.433e-02  -0.374
## Dist_NameValsad                                  -3.188e-02  4.571e-02  -0.697
## Dist_NameVaranasi                                -5.933e-02  4.461e-02  -1.330
## Dist_NameVidisha                                 -8.217e-02  4.768e-02  -1.723
## Dist_NameVisakhapatnam                           -2.561e-02  4.398e-02  -0.582
## Dist_NameWarangal                                 4.665e-02  4.402e-02   1.060
## Dist_NameWardha                                  -3.787e-02  4.748e-02  -0.798
## Dist_NameWest Dinajpur                           -8.555e-04  4.801e-02  -0.018
## Dist_NameWest Godavari                            2.326e-01  4.527e-02   5.138
## Dist_NameYeotmal                                 -8.582e-02  4.586e-02  -1.871
## AREA:CropCASTOR                                  -2.987e-01  1.893e-01  -1.578
## AREA:CropCHICKPEA                                -5.779e-01  1.782e-01  -3.243
## AREA:CropCOTTON                                  -7.554e-01  1.780e-01  -4.245
## AREA:CropFINGER_MILLET                           -4.519e-01  1.860e-01  -2.429
## AREA:CropGROUNDNUT                               -3.701e-01  1.785e-01  -2.073
## AREA:CropKHARIF_SORGHUM                          -6.295e-01  1.838e-01  -3.424
## AREA:CropLINSEED                                 -5.525e-01  4.295e-01  -1.286
## AREA:CropMAIZE                                   -8.907e-02  1.786e-01  -0.499
## AREA:CropMINOR_PULSES                            -6.904e-01  1.779e-01  -3.880
## AREA:CropOILSEEDS                                -6.490e-01  1.782e-01  -3.642
## AREA:CropPEARL_MILLET                            -6.185e-01  1.779e-01  -3.477
## AREA:CropPIGEONPEA                               -6.213e-01  1.794e-01  -3.464
## AREA:CropRABI_SORGHUM                            -6.680e-01  1.784e-01  -3.745
## AREA:CropRAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD                    -4.304e-01  1.784e-01  -2.413
## AREA:CropRICE                                    -1.616e-01  1.779e-01  -0.908
## AREA:CropSAFFLOWER                               -4.512e-01  4.628e-01  -0.975
## AREA:CropSESAMUM                                 -7.160e-01  1.861e-01  -3.847
## AREA:CropSORGHUM                                 -6.880e-01  1.782e-01  -3.861
## AREA:CropSOYABEAN                                -6.040e-01  1.781e-01  -3.391
## AREA:CropSUGARCANE                                1.232e+00  1.796e-01   6.858
## AREA:CropSUNFLOWER                               -6.289e-01  2.187e-01  -2.875
## AREA:CropWHEAT                                    2.656e-01  1.778e-01   1.493
##                                                  Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                                      0.491521    
## AREA                                             1.63e-06 ***
## CropCASTOR                                       0.623852    
## CropCHICKPEA                                     0.351480    
## CropCOTTON                                       0.998642    
## CropFINGER_MILLET                                0.601100    
## CropGROUNDNUT                                    0.659585    
## CropKHARIF_SORGHUM                               0.435712    
## CropLINSEED                                      0.120183    
## CropMAIZE                                        0.086701 .  
## CropMINOR_PULSES                                 0.506231    
## CropOILSEEDS                                     8.83e-06 ***
## CropPEARL_MILLET                                 0.001349 ** 
## CropPIGEONPEA                                    0.633605    
## CropRABI_SORGHUM                                 0.768257    
## CropRAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD                         0.659937    
## CropRICE                                         0.022538 *  
## CropSAFFLOWER                                    0.327308    
## CropSESAMUM                                      0.638619    
## CropSORGHUM                                      0.097410 .  
## CropSOYABEAN                                     0.175277    
## CropSUGARCANE                                    0.453183    
## CropSUNFLOWER                                    0.958125    
## CropWHEAT                                         < 2e-16 ***
## Dist_NameAdilabad                                0.887874    
## Dist_NameAgra                                    0.975226    
## Dist_NameAhmedabad                               0.264203    
## Dist_NameAhmednagar                              0.232650    
## Dist_NameAjmer                                   0.227978    
## Dist_NameAkola                                   0.136227    
## Dist_NameAlappuzha                               0.741287    
## Dist_NameAligarh                                 0.907349    
## Dist_NameAllahabad                               0.225614    
## Dist_NameAlmorah                                 0.218345    
## Dist_NameAlwar                                   0.181887    
## Dist_NameAmarawati                               0.183994    
## Dist_NameAmbala                                  0.082864 .  
## Dist_NameAmreli                                  0.927118    
## Dist_NameAmritsar                                0.013415 *  
## Dist_NameAnanthapur                              0.051567 .  
## Dist_NameAurangabad                              0.004835 ** 
## Dist_NameAzamgarh                                0.028564 *  
## Dist_NameBahraich                                0.139276    
## Dist_NameBalaghat                                0.120419    
## Dist_NameBalasore                                0.520359    
## Dist_NameBallia                                  0.187050    
## Dist_NameBanaskantha                             0.234594    
## Dist_NameBanda                                   0.012018 *  
## Dist_NameBangalore                               0.517516    
## Dist_NameBankura                                 0.824900    
## Dist_NameBanswara                                0.114118    
## Dist_NameBarabanki                               0.370064    
## Dist_NameBareilly                                0.162912    
## Dist_NameBarmer                                  0.000586 ***
## Dist_NameBastar                                  0.001868 ** 
## Dist_NameBasti                                   0.093134 .  
## Dist_NameBeed                                    0.010138 *  
## Dist_NameBelgaum                                 0.643706    
## Dist_NameBellary                                 0.982449    
## Dist_NameBetul                                   0.100892    
## Dist_NameBhagalpur                               0.787403    
## Dist_NameBhandara                                0.014366 *  
## Dist_NameBharatpur                               0.303224    
## Dist_NameBharuch                                 0.353908    
## Dist_NameBhatinda                                6.89e-06 ***
## Dist_NameBhavnagar                               0.642055    
## Dist_NameBhilwara                                0.045314 *  
## Dist_NameBhind                                   0.935062    
## Dist_NameBidar                                   0.546192    
## Dist_NameBijapur / Vijayapura                    0.038956 *  
## Dist_NameBijnor                                  0.471147    
## Dist_NameBikaner                                 0.105646    
## Dist_NameBilashpur                               0.543304    
## Dist_NameBilaspur                                0.071803 .  
## Dist_NameBirbhum                                 0.689919    
## Dist_NameBolangir                                0.366341    
## Dist_NameBombay                                  0.782121    
## Dist_NameBudaun                                  0.120224    
## Dist_NameBuland Shahar                           0.715213    
## Dist_NameBuldhana                                0.444294    
## Dist_NameBundi                                   0.598169    
## Dist_NameBurdwan                                 0.267021    
## Dist_NameCachar                                  0.146128    
## Dist_NameChamba                                  0.653769    
## Dist_NameChamoli                                 0.330608    
## Dist_NameChamparan                               4.81e-06 ***
## Dist_NameChandrapur                              0.070569 .  
## Dist_NameChengalpattu MGR / Kanchipuram          0.810558    
## Dist_NameChhatarpur                              0.090176 .  
## Dist_NameChhindwara                              0.470717    
## Dist_NameChickmagalur                            0.425840    
## Dist_NameChitradurga                             0.749188    
## Dist_NameChittoor                                0.567688    
## Dist_NameChittorgarh                             0.408532    
## Dist_NameChuru                                   0.017372 *  
## Dist_NameCoimbatore                              0.857043    
## Dist_NameCooch Behar                             0.969749    
## Dist_NameCuttack                                 0.383700    
## Dist_NameDakshina Kannada                        0.625198    
## Dist_NameDamoh                                   0.325116    
## Dist_NameDangs                                   0.691417    
## Dist_NameDarbhanga                               0.432496    
## Dist_NameDarjeeling                              0.545531    
## Dist_NameDarrang                                 0.220235    
## Dist_NameDatia                                   0.195411    
## Dist_NameDehradun                                0.515071    
## Dist_NameDeoria                                  0.016111 *  
## Dist_NameDewas                                   0.589846    
## Dist_NameDhanbad                                 0.562539    
## Dist_NameDhar                                    0.509812    
## Dist_NameDharwad                                 0.010362 *  
## Dist_NameDhenkanal                               0.057603 .  
## Dist_NameDhule                                   0.337606    
## Dist_NameDibrugarh                               0.335010    
## Dist_NameDungarpur                               0.158339    
## Dist_NameDurg                                    1.65e-05 ***
## Dist_NameEast Godavari                           0.138779    
## Dist_NameEranakulam                              0.598806    
## Dist_NameEtah                                    0.663549    
## Dist_NameEtawah                                  0.765356    
## Dist_NameFaizabad                                0.344666    
## Dist_NameFarrukhabad                             0.425966    
## Dist_NameFatehpur                                0.185933    
## Dist_NameFerozpur                                 < 2e-16 ***
## Dist_NameGanganagar                              0.686823    
## Dist_NameGanjam                                  0.156303    
## Dist_NameGarhwal                                 0.427889    
## Dist_NameGaya                                    0.232733    
## Dist_NameGhazipur                                0.214753    
## Dist_NameGoalpara                                0.138411    
## Dist_NameGonda                                   0.023982 *  
## Dist_NameGorakhpur                               0.024225 *  
## Dist_NameGulbarga / Kalaburagi                   0.776522    
## Dist_NameGuna                                    0.161810    
## Dist_NameGuntur                                  0.146266    
## Dist_NameGurdaspur                               0.409600    
## Dist_NameGurgaon                                 0.711209    
## Dist_NameGwalior                                 0.609427    
## Dist_NameHamirpur                                0.028458 *  
## Dist_NameHardoi                                  0.236416    
## Dist_NameHassan                                  0.826892    
## Dist_NameHazaribagh                              0.164136    
## Dist_NameHissar                                  1.62e-06 ***
## Dist_NameHooghly                                 0.874308    
## Dist_NameHoshangabad                             0.832401    
## Dist_NameHoshiarpur                              0.601465    
## Dist_NameHowrah                                  0.819066    
## Dist_NameHyderabad                               0.493890    
## Dist_NameIndore                                  0.517526    
## Dist_NameJabalpur                                0.434784    
## Dist_NameJaipur                                  0.762214    
## Dist_NameJaisalmer                               0.235061    
## Dist_NameJalandhar                               0.006333 ** 
## Dist_NameJalaun                                  0.613429    
## Dist_NameJalgaon                                 0.881522    
## Dist_NameJalore                                  0.127146    
## Dist_NameJalpaiguri                              0.634075    
## Dist_NameJamnagar                                0.785084    
## Dist_NameJaunpur                                 0.107524    
## Dist_NameJhabua                                  0.524828    
## Dist_NameJhalawar                                0.255624    
## Dist_NameJhansi                                  0.015362 *  
## Dist_NameJhunjhunu                               0.856058    
## Dist_NameJind                                    0.449198    
## Dist_NameJodhpur                                 0.440194    
## Dist_NameJunagadh                                0.934741    
## Dist_NameKadapa YSR                              0.415521    
## Dist_NameKalahandi                               0.832000    
## Dist_NameKamrup                                  0.300906    
## Dist_NameKangra                                  0.035806 *  
## Dist_NameKannur                                  0.596662    
## Dist_NameKanpur                                  0.423394    
## Dist_NameKanyakumari                             0.659071    
## Dist_NameKapurthala                              0.047304 *  
## Dist_NameKarbi Anglong                           0.240620    
## Dist_NameKarimnagar                              0.157176    
## Dist_NameKarnal                                  0.000592 ***
## Dist_NameKeonjhar                                0.211395    
## Dist_NameKhammam                                 0.947999    
## Dist_NameKhandwa / East Nimar                    0.437761    
## Dist_NameKhargone / West Nimar                   0.874907    
## Dist_NameKheda                                   0.772183    
## Dist_NameKheri                                   0.234733    
## Dist_NameKinnaur                                 0.906457    
## Dist_NameKodagu / Coorg                          0.619571    
## Dist_NameKolar                                   0.467420    
## Dist_NameKolhapur                                0.560734    
## Dist_NameKollam                                  0.616786    
## Dist_NameKoraput                                 0.084316 .  
## Dist_NameKota                                    0.884007    
## Dist_NameKottayam                                0.609327    
## Dist_NameKozhikode                               0.583579    
## Dist_NameKrishna                                 0.016387 *  
## Dist_NameKullu                                   0.485778    
## Dist_NameKurnool                                 0.934312    
## Dist_NameKutch                                   0.952349    
## Dist_NameLahul & Spiti                           0.948887    
## Dist_NameLakhimpur                               0.213017    
## Dist_NameLucknow                                 0.373103    
## Dist_NameLudhiana                                2.05e-05 ***
## Dist_NameMadurai                                 0.778970    
## Dist_NameMahabubnagar                            0.113495    
## Dist_NameMahendragarh / Narnaul                  0.149150    
## Dist_NameMainpuri                                0.622307    
## Dist_NameMalappuram                              0.623611    
## Dist_NameMalda                                   0.684970    
## Dist_NameMandi                                   0.177145    
## Dist_NameMandla                                  0.128477    
## Dist_NameMandsaur                                0.804780    
## Dist_NameMandya                                  0.926658    
## Dist_NameMathura                                 0.496659    
## Dist_NameMayurbhanja                             0.025556 *  
## Dist_NameMedak                                   0.591451    
## Dist_NameMeerut                                  0.983954    
## Dist_NameMehsana                                 0.650786    
## Dist_NameMidnapur                                0.089174 .  
## Dist_NameMirzpur                                 0.096548 .  
## Dist_NameMoradabad                               0.060090 .  
## Dist_NameMorena                                  0.260570    
## Dist_NameMungair                                 0.424804    
## Dist_NameMurshidabad                             0.565194    
## Dist_NameMuzaffarnagar                           0.854437    
## Dist_NameMuzaffarpur                             0.002117 ** 
## Dist_NameMysore                                  0.581325    
## Dist_NameNadia                                   0.872010    
## Dist_NameNagaon                                  0.504082    
## Dist_NameNagaur                                  0.268733    
## Dist_NameNagpur                                  0.042643 *  
## Dist_NameNainital                                0.855053    
## Dist_NameNalgonda                                0.792310    
## Dist_NameNanded                                  0.031629 *  
## Dist_NameNarsinghpur                             0.429299    
## Dist_NameNasik                                   0.700991    
## Dist_NameNizamabad                               0.802587    
## Dist_NameNorth Arcot / Vellore                   0.581951    
## Dist_NameNorth Cachar Hil / Dima hasao           0.423626    
## Dist_NameOsmanabad                               0.002839 ** 
## Dist_NamePalakkad                                0.477991    
## Dist_NamePalamau                                 0.102440    
## Dist_NamePali                                    0.091056 .  
## Dist_NamePanchmahal                              0.001238 ** 
## Dist_NamePanna                                   0.785882    
## Dist_NameParbhani                                0.009320 ** 
## Dist_NamePatiala                                 2.53e-07 ***
## Dist_NamePatna                                   0.516677    
## Dist_NamePhulbani ( Kandhamal )                  0.246310    
## Dist_NamePilibhit                                0.643335    
## Dist_NamePithorgarh                              0.303663    
## Dist_NamePratapgarh                              0.125513    
## Dist_NamePune                                    0.939886    
## Dist_NamePuri                                    0.127224    
## Dist_NamePurnea                                  0.303664    
## Dist_NamePurulia                                 0.271345    
## Dist_NameRae-Bareily                             0.236291    
## Dist_NameRaichur                                 0.693844    
## Dist_NameRaigad                                  0.794745    
## Dist_NameRaigarh                                 0.065391 .  
## Dist_NameRaipur                                  2.93e-05 ***
## Dist_NameRaisen                                  0.197741    
## Dist_NameRajgarh                                 0.243895    
## Dist_NameRajkot                                  0.683708    
## Dist_NameRamananthapuram                         0.344444    
## Dist_NameRampur                                  0.435725    
## Dist_NameRanchi                                  0.001787 ** 
## Dist_NameRatlam                                  0.773304    
## Dist_NameRatnagiri                               0.672657    
## Dist_NameRewa                                    0.136528    
## Dist_NameRohtak                                  0.523207    
## Dist_NameRoopnagar / Ropar                       0.604080    
## Dist_NameS.P.S. Nellore                          0.909019    
## Dist_NameSabarkantha                             0.670131    
## Dist_NameSagar                                   0.118653    
## Dist_NameSaharanpur                              0.042201 *  
## Dist_NameSaharsa                                 0.243859    
## Dist_NameSalem                                   0.050841 .  
## Dist_NameSambalpur                               0.037389 *  
## Dist_NameSangli                                  0.625403    
## Dist_NameSangrur                                  < 2e-16 ***
## Dist_NameSanthal Paragana / Dumka                0.073393 .  
## Dist_NameSaran                                   0.008739 ** 
## Dist_NameSatara                                  0.644980    
## Dist_NameSatna                                   0.425198    
## Dist_NameSehore                                  0.256045    
## Dist_NameSeoni / Shivani                         0.067999 .  
## Dist_NameShahabad (now part of Bhojpur district) 0.149852    
## Dist_NameShahdol                                 0.086094 .  
## Dist_NameShahjahanpur                            0.568020    
## Dist_NameShajapur                                0.643550    
## Dist_NameShimla                                  0.504107    
## Dist_NameShimoge                                 0.756967    
## Dist_NameShivpuri                                0.233260    
## Dist_NameSibsagar                                0.166070    
## Dist_NameSidhi                                   0.144179    
## Dist_NameSikar                                   0.689057    
## Dist_NameSinghbhum                               0.162356    
## Dist_NameSirmaur                                 0.480392    
## Dist_NameSirohi                                  0.429241    
## Dist_NameSitapur                                 0.035184 *  
## Dist_NameSolan                                   0.436255    
## Dist_NameSolapur                                 0.021341 *  
## Dist_NameSouth Arcot / Cuddalore                 0.001391 ** 
## Dist_NameSrikakulam                              0.909278    
## Dist_NameSultanpur                               0.167445    
## Dist_NameSundargarh                              0.081073 .  
## Dist_NameSurat                                   0.521735    
## Dist_NameSurendranagar                           0.535414    
## Dist_NameSurguja                                 0.014606 *  
## Dist_NameSwami Madhopur                          0.872340    
## Dist_NameTehri Garhwal                           0.481388    
## Dist_NameThane                                   0.623997    
## Dist_NameThanjavur                               0.564262    
## Dist_NameThe Nilgiris                            0.585817    
## Dist_NameThirunelveli                            0.715509    
## Dist_NameThiruvananthapuram                      0.611093    
## Dist_NameThrissur                                0.807664    
## Dist_NameTikamgarh                               0.384978    
## Dist_NameTiruchirapalli / Trichy                 0.140813    
## Dist_NameTonk                                    0.472536    
## Dist_NameTumkur                                  0.249008    
## Dist_NameUdaipur                                 0.043771 *  
## Dist_NameUjjain                                  0.980151    
## Dist_NameUnnao                                   0.036964 *  
## Dist_NameUttar Kashi                             0.652618    
## Dist_NameUttara Kannada                          0.539102    
## Dist_NameVadodara / Baroda                       0.708408    
## Dist_NameValsad                                  0.485572    
## Dist_NameVaranasi                                0.183557    
## Dist_NameVidisha                                 0.084843 .  
## Dist_NameVisakhapatnam                           0.560422    
## Dist_NameWarangal                                0.289244    
## Dist_NameWardha                                  0.425180    
## Dist_NameWest Dinajpur                           0.985785    
## Dist_NameWest Godavari                           2.84e-07 ***
## Dist_NameYeotmal                                 0.061352 .  
## AREA:CropCASTOR                                  0.114578    
## AREA:CropCHICKPEA                                0.001189 ** 
## AREA:CropCOTTON                                  2.21e-05 ***
## AREA:CropFINGER_MILLET                           0.015155 *  
## AREA:CropGROUNDNUT                               0.038197 *  
## AREA:CropKHARIF_SORGHUM                          0.000620 ***
## AREA:CropLINSEED                                 0.198342    
## AREA:CropMAIZE                                   0.618001    
## AREA:CropMINOR_PULSES                            0.000105 ***
## AREA:CropOILSEEDS                                0.000272 ***
## AREA:CropPEARL_MILLET                            0.000509 ***
## AREA:CropPIGEONPEA                               0.000535 ***
## AREA:CropRABI_SORGHUM                            0.000182 ***
## AREA:CropRAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD                    0.015856 *  
## AREA:CropRICE                                    0.363721    
## AREA:CropSAFFLOWER                               0.329632    
## AREA:CropSESAMUM                                 0.000120 ***
## AREA:CropSORGHUM                                 0.000114 ***
## AREA:CropSOYABEAN                                0.000699 ***
## AREA:CropSUGARCANE                               7.48e-12 ***
## AREA:CropSUNFLOWER                               0.004048 ** 
## AREA:CropWHEAT                                   0.135360    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.1793 on 8473 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.9096, Adjusted R-squared:  0.9058 
## F-statistic: 240.2 on 355 and 8473 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
predictions <- predict(interaction_model, newdata = test)

mse <- mean((predictions - test$PRODUCTION)^2)

rmse <- sqrt(mse)

print(paste("MSE on test data:", mse))
## [1] "MSE on test data: 0.0379067960952693"
print(paste("RMSE on test data:", rmse))
## [1] "RMSE on test data: 0.194696677155182"
ggplot(data = test, aes(x = PRODUCTION, y = predictions)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_line(aes(y = PRODUCTION), color = "red") +
  labs(title = "Actual vs. Predicted Production",
       x = "Actual Production",
       y = "Predicted Production") +
  theme_minimal()

### This model is with interaction between Area and Dist_Name

# Fit the linear regression model with Interaction effects
interaction_model2 <- lm(PRODUCTION ~ AREA * Dist_Name + Crop, data = train)

# Summary of the model to see coefficients and statistics
summary(interaction_model2)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = PRODUCTION ~ AREA * Dist_Name + Crop, data = train)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.2788 -0.0523  0.0052  0.0467  2.8135 
## 
## Coefficients: (1 not defined because of singularities)
##                                                         Estimate Std. Error
## (Intercept)                                           -2.008e-02  4.019e-02
## AREA                                                   7.300e-01  2.340e-02
## Dist_NameAdilabad                                      8.270e-02  5.242e-02
## Dist_NameAgra                                          3.178e-02  5.604e-02
## Dist_NameAhmedabad                                     5.708e-02  6.145e-02
## Dist_NameAhmednagar                                    1.463e-01  5.481e-02
## Dist_NameAjmer                                         3.922e-02  6.092e-02
## Dist_NameAkola                                         3.494e-02  5.449e-02
## Dist_NameAlappuzha                                     1.236e-02  9.814e-02
## Dist_NameAligarh                                      -2.157e-02  5.590e-02
## Dist_NameAllahabad                                    -4.927e-03  5.483e-02
## Dist_NameAlmorah                                       8.169e-02  6.098e-02
## Dist_NameAlwar                                         1.652e-02  6.166e-02
## Dist_NameAmarawati                                     2.441e-02  5.659e-02
## Dist_NameAmbala                                        8.809e-02  7.367e-02
## Dist_NameAmreli                                        7.555e-02  5.916e-02
## Dist_NameAmritsar                                      2.414e-02  6.816e-02
## Dist_NameAnanthapur                                    3.996e-02  5.390e-02
## Dist_NameAurangabad                                    1.479e-01  5.502e-02
## Dist_NameAzamgarh                                      4.316e-02  5.735e-02
## Dist_NameBahraich                                      3.553e-02  5.650e-02
## Dist_NameBalaghat                                      1.448e-02  6.355e-02
## Dist_NameBalasore                                     -1.995e-03  5.690e-02
## Dist_NameBallia                                        2.311e-02  5.822e-02
## Dist_NameBanaskantha                                   4.079e-02  6.307e-02
## Dist_NameBanda                                        -2.254e-02  5.850e-02
## Dist_NameBangalore                                     3.304e-02  5.828e-02
## Dist_NameBankura                                       1.254e-02  5.712e-02
## Dist_NameBanswara                                      5.879e-02  5.481e-02
## Dist_NameBarabanki                                     2.508e-02  5.843e-02
## Dist_NameBareilly                                      8.531e-02  5.837e-02
## Dist_NameBarmer                                        4.450e-02  5.614e-02
## Dist_NameBastar                                        1.240e-02  5.605e-02
## Dist_NameBasti                                         3.853e-02  5.734e-02
## Dist_NameBeed                                          5.578e-02  5.404e-02
## Dist_NameBelgaum                                      -1.560e-01  5.443e-02
## Dist_NameBellary                                      -2.010e-02  5.732e-02
## Dist_NameBetul                                         9.107e-02  5.854e-02
## Dist_NameBhagalpur                                     3.167e-02  5.495e-02
## Dist_NameBhandara                                      2.039e-03  5.781e-02
## Dist_NameBharatpur                                     2.156e-02  5.756e-02
## Dist_NameBharuch                                       5.039e-02  5.362e-02
## Dist_NameBhatinda                                     -1.036e-01  6.473e-02
## Dist_NameBhavnagar                                     7.276e-02  5.608e-02
## Dist_NameBhilwara                                      4.621e-02  5.772e-02
## Dist_NameBhind                                         5.136e-02  6.139e-02
## Dist_NameBidar                                         2.964e-02  5.728e-02
## Dist_NameBijapur / Vijayapura                          9.085e-02  5.768e-02
## Dist_NameBijnor                                       -7.233e-02  7.341e-02
## Dist_NameBikaner                                       1.317e-01  6.338e-02
## Dist_NameBilashpur                                     7.565e-02  6.674e-02
## Dist_NameBilaspur                                      6.913e-03  5.209e-02
## Dist_NameBirbhum                                      -1.724e-02  5.368e-02
## Dist_NameBolangir                                      2.704e-02  5.124e-02
## Dist_NameBombay                                       -5.039e-02  2.055e-01
## Dist_NameBudaun                                        9.581e-04  6.018e-02
## Dist_NameBuland Shahar                                 7.891e-02  5.649e-02
## Dist_NameBuldhana                                     -1.954e-02  5.443e-02
## Dist_NameBundi                                         4.129e-02  5.691e-02
## Dist_NameBurdwan                                      -2.288e-03  5.379e-02
## Dist_NameCachar                                        4.933e-02  5.695e-02
## Dist_NameChamba                                        7.537e-02  7.521e-02
## Dist_NameChamoli                                       8.552e-02  6.577e-02
## Dist_NameChamparan                                     1.414e-01  6.013e-02
## Dist_NameChandrapur                                    1.527e-03  5.313e-02
## Dist_NameChengalpattu MGR / Kanchipuram                4.207e-02  5.565e-02
## Dist_NameChhatarpur                                    2.203e-03  5.648e-02
## Dist_NameChhindwara                                   -6.953e-02  5.974e-02
## Dist_NameChickmagalur                                  6.613e-02  5.792e-02
## Dist_NameChitradurga                                   3.570e-03  5.181e-02
## Dist_NameChittoor                                      1.049e-01  5.582e-02
## Dist_NameChittorgarh                                   5.327e-02  5.500e-02
## Dist_NameChuru                                         1.519e-01  6.910e-02
## Dist_NameCoimbatore                                    5.983e-02  5.913e-02
## Dist_NameCooch Behar                                   7.457e-03  6.190e-02
## Dist_NameCuttack                                      -1.538e-02  5.860e-02
## Dist_NameDakshina Kannada                              6.290e-03  7.568e-02
## Dist_NameDamoh                                         4.079e-02  6.138e-02
## Dist_NameDangs                                        -3.273e-02  6.793e-02
## Dist_NameDarbhanga                                     3.865e-02  5.616e-02
## Dist_NameDarjeeling                                    9.856e-03  5.793e-02
## Dist_NameDarrang                                      -8.001e-03  5.793e-02
## Dist_NameDatia                                        -8.827e-03  5.913e-02
## Dist_NameDehradun                                      7.608e-02  5.774e-02
## Dist_NameDeoria                                        1.130e-01  5.835e-02
## Dist_NameDewas                                         9.594e-02  6.076e-02
## Dist_NameDhanbad                                       2.485e-02  6.111e-02
## Dist_NameDhar                                          4.053e-03  6.249e-02
## Dist_NameDharwad                                       6.036e-03  5.732e-02
## Dist_NameDhenkanal                                     2.345e-02  6.595e-02
## Dist_NameDhule                                         9.403e-02  5.340e-02
## Dist_NameDibrugarh                                     1.412e-02  6.211e-02
## Dist_NameDungarpur                                     4.484e-02  5.558e-02
## Dist_NameDurg                                         -2.823e-02  5.357e-02
## Dist_NameEast Godavari                                 5.750e-02  5.347e-02
## Dist_NameEranakulam                                   -2.750e-02  1.102e-01
## Dist_NameEtah                                          3.624e-03  5.846e-02
## Dist_NameEtawah                                       -6.190e-03  5.662e-02
## Dist_NameFaizabad                                      3.738e-02  5.575e-02
## Dist_NameFarrukhabad                                   2.749e-02  5.677e-02
## Dist_NameFatehpur                                      2.326e-03  5.408e-02
## Dist_NameFerozpur                                     -1.070e-02  6.515e-02
## Dist_NameGanganagar                                   -9.815e-02  5.421e-02
## Dist_NameGanjam                                        3.766e-02  5.321e-02
## Dist_NameGarhwal                                       9.162e-02  6.816e-02
## Dist_NameGaya                                         -2.614e-02  5.949e-02
## Dist_NameGhazipur                                      2.812e-02  5.395e-02
## Dist_NameGoalpara                                     -2.471e-02  5.601e-02
## Dist_NameGonda                                         4.305e-02  6.090e-02
## Dist_NameGorakhpur                                     3.710e-02  5.740e-02
## Dist_NameGulbarga / Kalaburagi                         3.198e-02  5.552e-02
## Dist_NameGuna                                          5.131e-02  6.477e-02
## Dist_NameGuntur                                        4.703e-02  5.261e-02
## Dist_NameGurdaspur                                     6.933e-02  6.783e-02
## Dist_NameGurgaon                                      -9.079e-03  5.793e-02
## Dist_NameGwalior                                       1.347e-03  6.200e-02
## Dist_NameHamirpur                                      4.255e-03  5.407e-02
## Dist_NameHardoi                                        8.592e-03  5.524e-02
## Dist_NameHassan                                        4.760e-02  5.232e-02
## Dist_NameHazaribagh                                    2.531e-02  6.476e-02
## Dist_NameHissar                                       -3.365e-01  6.285e-02
## Dist_NameHooghly                                      -2.965e-02  5.918e-02
## Dist_NameHoshangabad                                  -8.264e-02  5.796e-02
## Dist_NameHoshiarpur                                    5.988e-02  7.269e-02
## Dist_NameHowrah                                       -3.767e-02  6.528e-02
## Dist_NameHyderabad                                     4.576e-02  5.085e-02
## Dist_NameIndore                                        1.115e-01  7.778e-02
## Dist_NameJabalpur                                     -7.496e-03  5.808e-02
## Dist_NameJaipur                                        4.391e-02  5.888e-02
## Dist_NameJaisalmer                                     6.965e-02  6.402e-02
## Dist_NameJalandhar                                     4.730e-02  6.297e-02
## Dist_NameJalaun                                        1.716e-02  5.731e-02
## Dist_NameJalgaon                                       1.411e-01  5.517e-02
## Dist_NameJalore                                        7.825e-02  6.121e-02
## Dist_NameJalpaiguri                                    1.247e-02  5.384e-02
## Dist_NameJamnagar                                      2.376e-02  5.604e-02
## Dist_NameJaunpur                                       3.313e-02  5.696e-02
## Dist_NameJhabua                                        2.176e-02  7.049e-02
## Dist_NameJhalawar                                      7.448e-02  5.270e-02
## Dist_NameJhansi                                        1.390e-02  5.440e-02
## Dist_NameJhunjhunu                                     9.920e-02  6.997e-02
## Dist_NameJind                                         -7.248e-02  8.752e-02
## Dist_NameJodhpur                                       8.508e-02  6.329e-02
## Dist_NameJunagadh                                      4.249e-02  5.495e-02
## Dist_NameKadapa YSR                                    3.306e-02  5.588e-02
## Dist_NameKalahandi                                     5.774e-02  5.286e-02
## Dist_NameKamrup                                       -2.705e-02  6.067e-02
## Dist_NameKangra                                        5.555e-02  5.773e-02
## Dist_NameKannur                                        1.260e-01  1.282e-01
## Dist_NameKanpur                                       -7.628e-03  5.397e-02
## Dist_NameKanyakumari                                   7.761e-02  9.262e-02
## Dist_NameKapurthala                                   -2.696e-03  9.960e-02
## Dist_NameKarbi Anglong                                 3.050e-02  5.516e-02
## Dist_NameKarimnagar                                    1.990e-02  5.349e-02
## Dist_NameKarnal                                        1.078e-01  6.520e-02
## Dist_NameKeonjhar                                      1.465e-02  5.319e-02
## Dist_NameKhammam                                       6.115e-02  5.515e-02
## Dist_NameKhandwa / East Nimar                          5.740e-02  5.830e-02
## Dist_NameKhargone / West Nimar                         5.477e-02  5.912e-02
## Dist_NameKheda                                         4.760e-02  5.234e-02
## Dist_NameKheri                                        -3.119e-02  5.784e-02
## Dist_NameKinnaur                                      -2.482e-02  7.746e-02
## Dist_NameKodagu / Coorg                                2.181e-02  1.111e-01
## Dist_NameKolar                                         6.197e-02  5.575e-02
## Dist_NameKolhapur                                     -7.376e-02  6.053e-02
## Dist_NameKollam                                       -1.612e-02  9.072e-02
## Dist_NameKoraput                                      -5.842e-04  5.121e-02
## Dist_NameKota                                         -2.295e-02  5.759e-02
## Dist_NameKottayam                                     -2.667e-03  8.642e-02
## Dist_NameKozhikode                                     1.370e-01  1.124e-01
## Dist_NameKrishna                                       8.210e-02  5.751e-02
## Dist_NameKullu                                         7.781e-02  6.270e-02
## Dist_NameKurnool                                       8.470e-02  5.397e-02
## Dist_NameKutch                                         2.056e-02  6.158e-02
## Dist_NameLahul & Spiti                                -3.414e-02  7.843e-02
## Dist_NameLakhimpur                                    -5.370e-03  5.907e-02
## Dist_NameLucknow                                       4.330e-02  5.654e-02
## Dist_NameLudhiana                                      8.860e-03  6.645e-02
## Dist_NameMadurai                                       4.042e-02  5.964e-02
## Dist_NameMahabubnagar                                  6.021e-02  5.451e-02
## Dist_NameMahendragarh / Narnaul                        6.057e-02  5.904e-02
## Dist_NameMainpuri                                      1.838e-02  5.570e-02
## Dist_NameMalappuram                                    9.260e-02  1.240e-01
## Dist_NameMalda                                         1.700e-03  5.691e-02
## Dist_NameMandi                                         9.155e-02  6.238e-02
## Dist_NameMandla                                       -2.378e-02  6.313e-02
## Dist_NameMandsaur                                      1.380e-01  6.146e-02
## Dist_NameMandya                                        6.790e-02  6.162e-02
## Dist_NameMathura                                       3.430e-02  5.706e-02
## Dist_NameMayurbhanja                                   4.020e-02  5.584e-02
## Dist_NameMedak                                         2.108e-02  5.547e-02
## Dist_NameMeerut                                       -7.021e-02  5.850e-02
## Dist_NameMehsana                                       3.423e-02  5.827e-02
## Dist_NameMidnapur                                     -5.143e-02  5.810e-02
## Dist_NameMirzpur                                       4.378e-03  5.620e-02
## Dist_NameMoradabad                                     2.060e-02  5.968e-02
## Dist_NameMorena                                       -1.798e-04  6.015e-02
## Dist_NameMungair                                       3.790e-02  5.387e-02
## Dist_NameMurshidabad                                  -6.211e-02  5.664e-02
## Dist_NameMuzaffarnagar                                 5.026e-02  6.725e-02
## Dist_NameMuzaffarpur                                   6.411e-02  5.592e-02
## Dist_NameMysore                                        5.702e-02  5.660e-02
## Dist_NameNadia                                        -3.707e-02  5.994e-02
## Dist_NameNagaon                                        2.222e-02  6.759e-02
## Dist_NameNagaur                                        7.717e-02  5.787e-02
## Dist_NameNagpur                                        5.059e-02  5.525e-02
## Dist_NameNainital                                      4.432e-02  6.292e-02
## Dist_NameNalgonda                                      5.178e-03  5.442e-02
## Dist_NameNanded                                        6.038e-02  5.638e-02
## Dist_NameNarsinghpur                                   3.379e-02  6.647e-02
## Dist_NameNasik                                         4.896e-03  5.598e-02
## Dist_NameNizamabad                                     6.871e-03  5.360e-02
## Dist_NameNorth Arcot / Vellore                         4.003e-02  5.945e-02
## Dist_NameNorth Cachar Hil / Dima hasao                 8.304e-02  7.474e-02
## Dist_NameOsmanabad                                     3.732e-02  5.307e-02
## Dist_NamePalakkad                                      4.041e-02  6.471e-02
## Dist_NamePalamau                                       2.979e-02  7.089e-02
## Dist_NamePali                                          9.254e-02  5.792e-02
## Dist_NamePanchmahal                                    4.430e-02  5.577e-02
## Dist_NamePanna                                         2.477e-02  7.868e-02
## Dist_NameParbhani                                      2.404e-02  5.759e-02
## Dist_NamePatiala                                       6.109e-02  6.356e-02
## Dist_NamePatna                                         5.990e-03  5.514e-02
## Dist_NamePhulbani ( Kandhamal )                        3.561e-02  5.168e-02
## Dist_NamePilibhit                                      7.639e-02  6.235e-02
## Dist_NamePithorgarh                                    4.956e-02  5.991e-02
## Dist_NamePratapgarh                                    2.652e-02  5.776e-02
## Dist_NamePune                                          2.120e-01  5.885e-02
## Dist_NamePuri                                          2.891e-05  5.172e-02
## Dist_NamePurnea                                        6.179e-02  5.524e-02
## Dist_NamePurulia                                       3.233e-02  5.322e-02
## Dist_NameRae-Bareily                                   1.318e-02  5.280e-02
## Dist_NameRaichur                                      -6.881e-02  5.957e-02
## Dist_NameRaigad                                        2.314e-02  7.588e-02
## Dist_NameRaigarh                                       1.487e-02  5.193e-02
## Dist_NameRaipur                                        3.809e-02  5.473e-02
## Dist_NameRaisen                                       -1.215e-01  8.292e-02
## Dist_NameRajgarh                                       9.331e-02  6.342e-02
## Dist_NameRajkot                                        4.882e-02  5.503e-02
## Dist_NameRamananthapuram                               5.548e-02  5.644e-02
## Dist_NameRampur                                        4.992e-02  5.875e-02
## Dist_NameRanchi                                        1.394e-02  5.852e-02
## Dist_NameRatlam                                        7.157e-02  6.528e-02
## Dist_NameRatnagiri                                     3.137e-02  6.234e-02
## Dist_NameRewa                                         -6.454e-03  5.856e-02
## Dist_NameRohtak                                       -1.247e-01  6.596e-02
## Dist_NameRoopnagar / Ropar                             2.950e-02  6.584e-02
## Dist_NameS.P.S. Nellore                               -1.140e-02  5.311e-02
## Dist_NameSabarkantha                                   6.773e-02  5.972e-02
## Dist_NameSagar                                         5.719e-02  6.185e-02
## Dist_NameSaharanpur                                   -4.182e-02  6.719e-02
## Dist_NameSaharsa                                       3.314e-02  6.200e-02
## Dist_NameSalem                                         1.892e-01  6.382e-02
## Dist_NameSambalpur                                    -1.419e-02  5.360e-02
## Dist_NameSangli                                        1.423e-01  5.854e-02
## Dist_NameSangrur                                       2.357e-02  6.032e-02
## Dist_NameSanthal Paragana / Dumka                      5.143e-02  6.156e-02
## Dist_NameSaran                                         7.658e-02  5.640e-02
## Dist_NameSatara                                        1.110e-01  5.795e-02
## Dist_NameSatna                                        -1.570e-03  6.380e-02
## Dist_NameSehore                                        5.450e-02  5.658e-02
## Dist_NameSeoni / Shivani                              -1.932e-03  6.779e-02
## Dist_NameShahabad (now part of Bhojpur district)       1.311e-03  5.490e-02
## Dist_NameShahdol                                       1.148e-02  5.756e-02
## Dist_NameShahjahanpur                                  5.320e-02  5.448e-02
## Dist_NameShajapur                                      7.280e-02  5.861e-02
## Dist_NameShimla                                        9.320e-02  7.484e-02
## Dist_NameShimoge                                       4.551e-02  5.755e-02
## Dist_NameShivpuri                                      4.387e-02  5.781e-02
## Dist_NameSibsagar                                     -2.371e-02  5.743e-02
## Dist_NameSidhi                                         7.058e-02  7.170e-02
## Dist_NameSikar                                         6.512e-02  6.051e-02
## Dist_NameSinghbhum                                     4.189e-02  6.141e-02
## Dist_NameSirmaur                                       5.574e-02  6.407e-02
## Dist_NameSirohi                                        8.622e-02  7.238e-02
## Dist_NameSitapur                                       3.424e-02  5.743e-02
## Dist_NameSolan                                         1.042e-01  6.698e-02
## Dist_NameSolapur                                       1.809e-01  5.022e-02
## Dist_NameSouth Arcot / Cuddalore                       9.722e-02  5.440e-02
## Dist_NameSrikakulam                                    4.546e-02  5.485e-02
## Dist_NameSultanpur                                     1.310e-02  5.580e-02
## Dist_NameSundargarh                                    1.497e-02  5.166e-02
## Dist_NameSurat                                         1.231e-02  5.417e-02
## Dist_NameSurendranagar                                 6.882e-02  5.380e-02
## Dist_NameSurguja                                       7.439e-04  5.421e-02
## Dist_NameSwami Madhopur                                4.878e-02  5.597e-02
## Dist_NameTehri Garhwal                                 7.497e-02  7.395e-02
## Dist_NameThane                                         4.496e-03  6.207e-02
## Dist_NameThanjavur                                     1.806e-02  5.356e-02
## Dist_NameThe Nilgiris                                  2.888e-02  1.948e-01
## Dist_NameThirunelveli                                  6.763e-02  5.545e-02
## Dist_NameThiruvananthapuram                            1.605e-01  1.245e-01
## Dist_NameThrissur                                      1.582e-01  2.045e-01
## Dist_NameTikamgarh                                     2.095e-02  6.145e-02
## Dist_NameTiruchirapalli / Trichy                      -1.845e-02  5.894e-02
## Dist_NameTonk                                          3.138e-02  5.676e-02
## Dist_NameTumkur                                        5.195e-02  5.250e-02
## Dist_NameUdaipur                                       6.736e-02  5.215e-02
## Dist_NameUjjain                                        1.340e-01  6.717e-02
## Dist_NameUnnao                                         1.105e-02  5.364e-02
## Dist_NameUttar Kashi                                   6.620e-02  6.715e-02
## Dist_NameUttara Kannada                                8.669e-02  6.839e-02
## Dist_NameVadodara / Baroda                             4.508e-02  5.663e-02
## Dist_NameValsad                                        3.660e-02  5.519e-02
## Dist_NameVaranasi                                      2.565e-02  5.417e-02
## Dist_NameVidisha                                       1.954e-02  6.423e-02
## Dist_NameVisakhapatnam                                 8.028e-02  5.465e-02
## Dist_NameWarangal                                      8.183e-02  5.432e-02
## Dist_NameWardha                                        1.687e-02  5.999e-02
## Dist_NameWest Dinajpur                                 4.448e-02  6.008e-02
## Dist_NameWest Godavari                                 1.418e-01  5.441e-02
## Dist_NameYeotmal                                       4.272e-02  5.921e-02
## CropCASTOR                                            -1.615e-02  1.903e-02
## CropCHICKPEA                                          -5.083e-02  1.491e-02
## CropCOTTON                                            -2.531e-01  1.796e-02
## CropFINGER_MILLET                                     -3.026e-02  1.992e-02
## CropGROUNDNUT                                         -9.720e-03  1.545e-02
## CropKHARIF_SORGHUM                                    -3.184e-02  1.602e-02
## CropLINSEED                                           -9.376e-03  1.791e-02
## CropMAIZE                                              6.974e-02  1.511e-02
## CropMINOR_PULSES                                      -1.393e-01  1.481e-02
## CropOILSEEDS                                          -1.248e-01  2.081e-02
## CropPEARL_MILLET                                      -5.262e-02  1.646e-02
## CropPIGEONPEA                                         -3.670e-02  1.523e-02
## CropRABI_SORGHUM                                      -5.677e-02  2.168e-02
## CropRAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD                              -5.726e-02  1.519e-02
## CropRICE                                              -9.605e-04  1.684e-02
## CropSAFFLOWER                                         -1.905e-02  2.432e-02
## CropSESAMUM                                           -3.983e-02  1.498e-02
## CropSORGHUM                                           -4.462e-02  1.596e-02
## CropSOYABEAN                                          -1.030e-01  1.839e-02
## CropSUGARCANE                                          1.791e-01  1.558e-02
## CropSUNFLOWER                                         -2.020e-02  1.745e-02
## CropWHEAT                                              2.144e-01  1.642e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameAdilabad                                -4.900e-01  4.949e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameAgra                                     4.954e-02  8.277e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameAhmedabad                               -2.245e-01  8.047e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameAhmednagar                              -5.739e-01  3.656e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameAjmer                                   -5.024e-01  9.126e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameAkola                                   -5.338e-01  3.964e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameAlappuzha                                6.870e-02  7.941e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameAligarh                                  1.798e-01  5.085e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameAllahabad                                7.994e-02  5.845e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameAlmorah                                 -8.058e-01  2.905e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameAlwar                                   -1.069e-01  4.845e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameAmarawati                               -5.127e-01  5.330e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameAmbala                                   3.136e-01  7.290e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameAmreli                                  -4.991e-01  5.090e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameAmritsar                                 3.383e-01  4.038e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameAnanthapur                              -5.541e-01  3.582e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameAurangabad                              -6.132e-01  3.176e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameAzamgarh                                -3.196e-02  5.075e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBahraich                                -2.853e-02  6.353e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBalaghat                                -2.615e-01  7.638e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBalasore                                -4.849e-02  5.064e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBallia                                  -7.661e-02  1.031e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameBanaskantha                             -1.208e-01  6.771e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBanda                                   -2.094e-01  7.384e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBangalore                               -2.490e-01  1.436e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameBankura                                  2.906e-02  5.170e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBanswara                                -3.657e-01  1.024e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameBarabanki                                5.118e-02  7.044e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBareilly                                 1.890e-01  7.048e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBarmer                                  -6.704e-01  3.035e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBastar                                  -2.940e-01  3.481e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBasti                                   -4.361e-02  4.134e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBeed                                    -5.905e-01  3.541e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBelgaum                                  4.292e-01  5.918e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBellary                                  5.054e-02  1.268e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameBetul                                   -4.530e-01  6.052e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBhagalpur                                7.576e-02  1.048e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameBhandara                                -2.330e-01  4.629e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBharatpur                               -1.517e-02  4.893e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBharuch                                 -4.139e-01  1.050e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameBhatinda                                 4.701e-01  3.985e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBhavnagar                               -4.478e-01  5.641e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBhilwara                                -3.054e-01  7.736e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBhind                                   -1.585e-01  9.182e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBidar                                   -3.341e-01  1.150e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameBijapur / Vijayapura                    -5.479e-01  3.828e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBijnor                                   6.113e-01  9.033e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBikaner                                 -4.912e-01  5.043e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBilashpur                               -1.070e+00  7.262e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameBilaspur                                -2.500e-01  3.940e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBirbhum                                  1.734e-01  4.832e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBolangir                                -2.141e-01  5.436e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBombay                                          NA         NA
## AREA:Dist_NameBudaun                                   5.231e-02  5.470e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBuland Shahar                            2.672e-01  7.875e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBuldhana                                -3.144e-01  4.897e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBundi                                   -1.688e-01  8.027e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameBurdwan                                  1.427e-01  3.518e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameCachar                                  -2.124e-01  6.637e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameChamba                                  -1.123e+00  7.054e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameChamoli                                 -1.021e+00  5.282e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameChamparan                               -2.206e-01  4.106e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameChandrapur                              -3.619e-01  5.557e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameChengalpattu MGR / Kanchipuram           3.098e-01  9.642e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameChhatarpur                              -2.471e-01  7.814e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameChhindwara                               2.979e-01  7.048e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameChickmagalur                            -4.081e-01  2.970e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameChitradurga                              1.585e-03  6.153e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameChittoor                                -3.496e-01  8.435e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameChittorgarh                             -2.111e-01  8.144e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameChuru                                   -6.445e-01  4.002e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameCoimbatore                              -5.919e-02  1.750e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameCooch Behar                              1.499e-02  6.821e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameCuttack                                 -2.398e-01  4.067e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameDakshina Kannada                         4.143e-02  2.036e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameDamoh                                   -3.263e-01  8.171e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameDangs                                    3.143e-01  6.427e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameDarbhanga                               -9.057e-02  1.055e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameDarjeeling                              -1.151e-01  4.606e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameDarrang                                 -1.435e-01  5.748e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameDatia                                   -7.758e-02  9.607e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameDehradun                                -1.683e+00  7.642e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameDeoria                                  -1.075e-01  5.438e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameDewas                                   -4.233e-01  4.483e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameDhanbad                                 -1.832e-01  4.240e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameDhar                                    -5.521e-02  7.451e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameDharwad                                 -4.516e-01  5.444e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameDhenkanal                               -4.371e-01  8.605e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameDhule                                   -5.668e-01  5.657e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameDibrugarh                               -2.114e-01  1.279e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameDungarpur                               -5.528e-01  2.132e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameDurg                                    -2.968e-01  3.039e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameEast Godavari                            4.022e-01  6.448e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameEranakulam                               9.081e-01  3.233e+00
## AREA:Dist_NameEtah                                     1.095e-01  6.557e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameEtawah                                   1.970e-01  8.472e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameFaizabad                                 9.793e-02  6.786e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameFarrukhabad                              6.715e-02  1.246e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameFatehpur                                -5.873e-02  9.578e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameFerozpur                                 4.776e-01  2.905e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameGanganagar                              -6.440e-02  3.368e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameGanjam                                  -3.570e-01  5.860e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameGarhwal                                 -1.218e+00  6.629e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameGaya                                     7.702e-02  4.364e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameGhazipur                                -6.141e-02  7.979e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameGoalpara                                -1.298e-01  4.635e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameGonda                                    5.699e-02  7.145e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameGorakhpur                                2.156e-02  4.172e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameGulbarga / Kalaburagi                   -4.518e-01  4.448e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameGuna                                    -3.465e-01  4.129e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameGuntur                                  -1.185e-02  6.017e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameGurdaspur                                1.907e-01  6.837e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameGurgaon                                  3.330e-01  7.259e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameGwalior                                  9.361e-02  1.216e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameHamirpur                                -3.414e-01  6.822e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameHardoi                                   1.139e-01  6.967e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameHassan                                   3.526e-02  1.390e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameHazaribagh                              -1.959e-01  8.034e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameHissar                                   3.464e-01  3.012e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameHooghly                                  1.580e-01  9.316e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameHoshangabad                              3.173e-01  4.271e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameHoshiarpur                               2.387e-01  1.192e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameHowrah                                   1.730e+00  2.237e+00
## AREA:Dist_NameHyderabad                               -2.857e-01  1.335e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameIndore                                  -2.435e-01  7.963e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameJabalpur                                -1.103e-01  6.202e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameJaipur                                  -2.754e-01  3.838e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameJaisalmer                               -5.466e-01  1.031e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameJalandhar                                4.251e-01  6.140e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameJalaun                                  -4.898e-02  1.111e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameJalgaon                                 -5.323e-01  3.720e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameJalore                                  -5.404e-01  6.704e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameJalpaiguri                              -1.032e-01  1.135e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameJamnagar                                -2.944e-01  5.156e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameJaunpur                                 -4.018e-02  6.984e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameJhabua                                  -1.383e-01  1.276e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameJhalawar                                -4.525e-01  5.940e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameJhansi                                  -3.764e-01  4.193e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameJhunjhunu                               -3.505e-01  8.299e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameJind                                     3.453e-01  7.577e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameJodhpur                                 -4.910e-01  4.070e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameJunagadh                                -2.678e-01  3.798e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameKadapa YSR                              -2.734e-01  1.471e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameKalahandi                               -4.909e-01  6.560e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameKamrup                                  -5.895e-02  6.014e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameKangra                                  -4.234e-01  1.157e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameKannur                                  -1.119e+00  1.931e+00
## AREA:Dist_NameKanpur                                   1.039e-01  7.854e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameKanyakumari                             -1.467e-01  1.423e+00
## AREA:Dist_NameKapurthala                               4.216e-01  1.465e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameKarbi Anglong                           -2.561e-01  1.109e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameKarimnagar                               1.135e-01  4.756e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameKarnal                                   4.520e-01  3.676e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameKeonjhar                                -2.391e-01  7.653e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameKhammam                                 -5.949e-02  8.844e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameKhandwa / East Nimar                    -3.485e-01  7.282e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameKhargone / West Nimar                   -2.071e-01  6.581e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameKheda                                   -3.223e-02  7.329e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameKheri                                    5.101e-01  6.616e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameKinnaur                                  5.398e+00  1.692e+01
## AREA:Dist_NameKodagu / Coorg                          -8.669e-02  7.430e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameKolar                                   -2.643e-01  1.240e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameKolhapur                                 5.693e-01  1.131e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameKollam                                   9.829e-01  3.705e+00
## AREA:Dist_NameKoraput                                 -1.807e-01  4.060e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameKota                                    -4.507e-02  5.267e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameKottayam                                 1.810e-01  9.143e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameKozhikode                               -1.763e+00  2.593e+00
## AREA:Dist_NameKrishna                                  7.248e-02  5.807e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameKullu                                   -1.387e+00  7.158e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameKurnool                                 -4.164e-01  5.261e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameKutch                                   -2.010e-01  1.104e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameLahul & Spiti                            1.845e+01  1.703e+01
## AREA:Dist_NameLakhimpur                               -2.308e-01  9.121e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameLucknow                                 -2.467e-01  2.528e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameLudhiana                                 5.772e-01  5.421e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameMadurai                                  1.530e-01  1.712e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameMahabubnagar                            -4.790e-01  5.337e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameMahendragarh / Narnaul                  -8.443e-02  6.006e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameMainpuri                                 1.176e-01  7.566e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameMalappuram                              -1.030e+00  2.675e+00
## AREA:Dist_NameMalda                                    1.292e-01  8.432e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameMandi                                   -8.023e-01  3.207e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameMandla                                  -1.360e-01  6.906e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameMandsaur                                -4.579e-01  4.134e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameMandya                                  -1.192e-01  1.929e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameMathura                                  1.309e-01  8.844e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameMayurbhanja                             -2.522e-01  5.072e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameMedak                                   -2.762e-01  8.463e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameMeerut                                   1.120e+00  6.486e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameMehsana                                 -1.528e-01  8.001e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameMidnapur                                 8.923e-02  2.914e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameMirzpur                                 -1.424e-01  9.660e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameMoradabad                                1.293e-01  5.124e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameMorena                                  -6.277e-02  5.895e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameMungair                                 -7.438e-03  6.513e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameMurshidabad                              1.357e-01  4.421e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameMuzaffarnagar                            1.518e-01  1.144e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameMuzaffarpur                             -2.886e-01  5.439e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameMysore                                  -3.149e-01  9.409e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameNadia                                    1.381e-01  7.613e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameNagaon                                  -1.907e-01  6.682e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameNagaur                                  -5.478e-01  3.283e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameNagpur                                  -5.075e-01  6.724e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameNainital                                 1.610e-01  1.178e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameNalgonda                                -2.877e-01  4.240e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameNanded                                  -5.960e-01  4.773e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameNarsinghpur                             -2.995e-01  1.109e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameNasik                                   -3.418e-02  7.679e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameNizamabad                                8.374e-02  7.573e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameNorth Arcot / Vellore                    1.234e-01  1.008e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameNorth Cachar Hil / Dima hasao           -1.088e+00  1.324e+00
## AREA:Dist_NameOsmanabad                               -5.116e-01  3.498e-02
## AREA:Dist_NamePalakkad                                -5.233e-02  1.975e-01
## AREA:Dist_NamePalamau                                 -3.716e-01  1.562e-01
## AREA:Dist_NamePali                                    -6.065e-01  6.226e-02
## AREA:Dist_NamePanchmahal                              -3.748e-01  5.943e-02
## AREA:Dist_NamePanna                                   -2.227e-01  1.465e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameParbhani                                -5.320e-01  4.017e-02
## AREA:Dist_NamePatiala                                  4.765e-01  4.189e-02
## AREA:Dist_NamePatna                                    3.621e-02  6.829e-02
## AREA:Dist_NamePhulbani ( Kandhamal )                  -3.630e-01  1.510e-01
## AREA:Dist_NamePilibhit                                 3.015e-01  1.103e-01
## AREA:Dist_NamePithorgarh                              -7.343e-01  4.317e-01
## AREA:Dist_NamePratapgarh                              -1.596e-01  9.855e-02
## AREA:Dist_NamePune                                    -5.065e-01  5.517e-02
## AREA:Dist_NamePuri                                    -2.862e-01  4.758e-02
## AREA:Dist_NamePurnea                                  -1.510e-01  4.632e-02
## AREA:Dist_NamePurulia                                 -1.045e-01  5.604e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameRae-Bareily                             -2.666e-02  8.247e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameRaichur                                 -1.656e-01  6.622e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameRaigad                                   1.422e-02  1.614e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameRaigarh                                 -2.757e-01  4.653e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameRaipur                                  -3.221e-01  2.907e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameRaisen                                   3.852e-03  8.028e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameRajgarh                                 -4.883e-01  4.946e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameRajkot                                  -3.586e-01  3.668e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameRamananthapuram                         -1.229e-01  7.128e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameRampur                                   4.734e-03  8.006e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameRanchi                                  -2.161e-01  3.708e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameRatlam                                  -3.127e-01  8.048e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameRatnagiri                                6.266e-02  1.282e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameRewa                                    -9.757e-02  7.450e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameRohtak                                   3.529e-01  5.153e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameRoopnagar / Ropar                        3.072e-01  1.761e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameS.P.S. Nellore                           3.806e-01  9.503e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSabarkantha                             -2.501e-01  1.057e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameSagar                                   -4.442e-01  4.645e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSaharanpur                               7.300e-01  7.018e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSaharsa                                 -2.249e-01  8.532e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSalem                                   -3.279e-01  9.659e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSambalpur                               -2.474e-01  3.847e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSangli                                  -4.342e-01  7.571e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSangrur                                  6.253e-01  3.560e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSanthal Paragana / Dumka                -4.541e-01  9.641e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSaran                                   -2.534e-01  6.216e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSatara                                  -4.580e-01  8.456e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSatna                                   -1.374e-01  8.012e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSehore                                  -3.164e-01  3.974e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSeoni / Shivani                         -8.491e-02  8.173e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameShahabad (now part of Bhojpur district)  9.883e-02  3.556e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameShahdol                                 -2.194e-01  7.208e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameShahjahanpur                             1.194e-01  9.268e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameShajapur                                -2.926e-01  4.900e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameShimla                                  -1.623e+00  1.350e+00
## AREA:Dist_NameShimoge                                  3.843e-03  1.406e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameShivpuri                                -4.029e-01  6.386e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSibsagar                                -1.369e-01  5.010e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSidhi                                   -3.747e-01  1.438e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameSikar                                   -4.118e-01  5.880e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSinghbhum                               -3.594e-01  1.080e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameSirmaur                                 -1.012e+00  5.724e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameSirohi                                  -7.248e-01  3.749e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameSitapur                                  3.076e-01  6.617e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSolan                                   -1.219e+00  5.485e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameSolapur                                 -5.871e-01  2.906e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSouth Arcot / Cuddalore                  3.228e-01  4.946e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSrikakulam                              -2.341e-02  6.410e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSultanpur                               -5.797e-04  6.824e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSundargarh                              -3.020e-01  7.271e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSurat                                    2.968e-01  1.174e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameSurendranagar                           -5.553e-01  6.284e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSurguja                                 -3.021e-01  5.114e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameSwami Madhopur                          -2.316e-01  5.365e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameTehri Garhwal                           -1.345e+00  7.786e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameThane                                   -1.442e-01  1.328e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameThanjavur                                3.472e-02  3.436e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameThe Nilgiris                            -2.957e+00  9.272e+01
## AREA:Dist_NameThirunelveli                            -2.633e-01  1.072e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameThiruvananthapuram                      -8.110e+00  1.094e+01
## AREA:Dist_NameThrissur                                -5.285e-01  1.210e+00
## AREA:Dist_NameTikamgarh                               -3.588e-01  1.055e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameTiruchirapalli / Trichy                  4.442e-01  1.076e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameTonk                                    -3.104e-01  7.583e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameTumkur                                  -5.140e-01  1.387e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameUdaipur                                 -3.299e-01  6.723e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameUjjain                                  -3.901e-01  3.712e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameUnnao                                   -1.116e-01  7.068e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameUttar Kashi                             -1.995e+00  1.348e+00
## AREA:Dist_NameUttara Kannada                          -3.539e-01  3.667e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameVadodara / Baroda                       -3.403e-01  1.051e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameValsad                                  -4.853e-02  1.953e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameVaranasi                                -2.249e-02  6.446e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameVidisha                                 -3.468e-01  4.254e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameVisakhapatnam                           -8.963e-02  1.005e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameWarangal                                -2.012e-01  5.055e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameWardha                                  -4.768e-01  8.033e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameWest Dinajpur                           -1.590e-01  1.149e-01
## AREA:Dist_NameWest Godavari                            4.288e-01  4.820e-02
## AREA:Dist_NameYeotmal                                 -5.642e-01  4.054e-02
##                                                       t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                                            -0.500 0.617372    
## AREA                                                   31.203  < 2e-16 ***
## Dist_NameAdilabad                                       1.578 0.114686    
## Dist_NameAgra                                           0.567 0.570607    
## Dist_NameAhmedabad                                      0.929 0.352968    
## Dist_NameAhmednagar                                     2.669 0.007625 ** 
## Dist_NameAjmer                                          0.644 0.519784    
## Dist_NameAkola                                          0.641 0.521459    
## Dist_NameAlappuzha                                      0.126 0.899778    
## Dist_NameAligarh                                       -0.386 0.699666    
## Dist_NameAllahabad                                     -0.090 0.928402    
## Dist_NameAlmorah                                        1.340 0.180391    
## Dist_NameAlwar                                          0.268 0.788789    
## Dist_NameAmarawati                                      0.431 0.666263    
## Dist_NameAmbala                                         1.196 0.231797    
## Dist_NameAmreli                                         1.277 0.201604    
## Dist_NameAmritsar                                       0.354 0.723198    
## Dist_NameAnanthapur                                     0.741 0.458533    
## Dist_NameAurangabad                                     2.687 0.007215 ** 
## Dist_NameAzamgarh                                       0.753 0.451655    
## Dist_NameBahraich                                       0.629 0.529468    
## Dist_NameBalaghat                                       0.228 0.819829    
## Dist_NameBalasore                                      -0.035 0.972025    
## Dist_NameBallia                                         0.397 0.691403    
## Dist_NameBanaskantha                                    0.647 0.517808    
## Dist_NameBanda                                         -0.385 0.700004    
## Dist_NameBangalore                                      0.567 0.570773    
## Dist_NameBankura                                        0.220 0.826166    
## Dist_NameBanswara                                       1.073 0.283399    
## Dist_NameBarabanki                                      0.429 0.667790    
## Dist_NameBareilly                                       1.462 0.143897    
## Dist_NameBarmer                                         0.793 0.428006    
## Dist_NameBastar                                         0.221 0.824935    
## Dist_NameBasti                                          0.672 0.501592    
## Dist_NameBeed                                           1.032 0.301977    
## Dist_NameBelgaum                                       -2.866 0.004167 ** 
## Dist_NameBellary                                       -0.351 0.725868    
## Dist_NameBetul                                          1.556 0.119796    
## Dist_NameBhagalpur                                      0.576 0.564479    
## Dist_NameBhandara                                       0.035 0.971870    
## Dist_NameBharatpur                                      0.374 0.708043    
## Dist_NameBharuch                                        0.940 0.347384    
## Dist_NameBhatinda                                      -1.601 0.109450    
## Dist_NameBhavnagar                                      1.297 0.194518    
## Dist_NameBhilwara                                       0.801 0.423329    
## Dist_NameBhind                                          0.837 0.402853    
## Dist_NameBidar                                          0.517 0.604857    
## Dist_NameBijapur / Vijayapura                           1.575 0.115286    
## Dist_NameBijnor                                        -0.985 0.324518    
## Dist_NameBikaner                                        2.078 0.037696 *  
## Dist_NameBilashpur                                      1.133 0.257054    
## Dist_NameBilaspur                                       0.133 0.894418    
## Dist_NameBirbhum                                       -0.321 0.748045    
## Dist_NameBolangir                                       0.528 0.597664    
## Dist_NameBombay                                        -0.245 0.806289    
## Dist_NameBudaun                                         0.016 0.987298    
## Dist_NameBuland Shahar                                  1.397 0.162519    
## Dist_NameBuldhana                                      -0.359 0.719560    
## Dist_NameBundi                                          0.726 0.468143    
## Dist_NameBurdwan                                       -0.043 0.966069    
## Dist_NameCachar                                         0.866 0.386416    
## Dist_NameChamba                                         1.002 0.316277    
## Dist_NameChamoli                                        1.300 0.193487    
## Dist_NameChamparan                                      2.352 0.018693 *  
## Dist_NameChandrapur                                     0.029 0.977079    
## Dist_NameChengalpattu MGR / Kanchipuram                 0.756 0.449631    
## Dist_NameChhatarpur                                     0.039 0.968883    
## Dist_NameChhindwara                                    -1.164 0.244477    
## Dist_NameChickmagalur                                   1.142 0.253581    
## Dist_NameChitradurga                                    0.069 0.945066    
## Dist_NameChittoor                                       1.880 0.060109 .  
## Dist_NameChittorgarh                                    0.969 0.332751    
## Dist_NameChuru                                          2.199 0.027920 *  
## Dist_NameCoimbatore                                     1.012 0.311650    
## Dist_NameCooch Behar                                    0.120 0.904115    
## Dist_NameCuttack                                       -0.262 0.792954    
## Dist_NameDakshina Kannada                               0.083 0.933760    
## Dist_NameDamoh                                          0.664 0.506396    
## Dist_NameDangs                                         -0.482 0.629953    
## Dist_NameDarbhanga                                      0.688 0.491348    
## Dist_NameDarjeeling                                     0.170 0.864912    
## Dist_NameDarrang                                       -0.138 0.890154    
## Dist_NameDatia                                         -0.149 0.881325    
## Dist_NameDehradun                                       1.318 0.187641    
## Dist_NameDeoria                                         1.937 0.052746 .  
## Dist_NameDewas                                          1.579 0.114400    
## Dist_NameDhanbad                                        0.407 0.684218    
## Dist_NameDhar                                           0.065 0.948283    
## Dist_NameDharwad                                        0.105 0.916135    
## Dist_NameDhenkanal                                      0.356 0.722150    
## Dist_NameDhule                                          1.761 0.078310 .  
## Dist_NameDibrugarh                                      0.227 0.820155    
## Dist_NameDungarpur                                      0.807 0.419872    
## Dist_NameDurg                                          -0.527 0.598187    
## Dist_NameEast Godavari                                  1.075 0.282189    
## Dist_NameEranakulam                                    -0.250 0.802969    
## Dist_NameEtah                                           0.062 0.950569    
## Dist_NameEtawah                                        -0.109 0.912951    
## Dist_NameFaizabad                                       0.671 0.502536    
## Dist_NameFarrukhabad                                    0.484 0.628196    
## Dist_NameFatehpur                                       0.043 0.965690    
## Dist_NameFerozpur                                      -0.164 0.869520    
## Dist_NameGanganagar                                    -1.810 0.070283 .  
## Dist_NameGanjam                                         0.708 0.479077    
## Dist_NameGarhwal                                        1.344 0.178939    
## Dist_NameGaya                                          -0.439 0.660407    
## Dist_NameGhazipur                                       0.521 0.602147    
## Dist_NameGoalpara                                      -0.441 0.659100    
## Dist_NameGonda                                          0.707 0.479632    
## Dist_NameGorakhpur                                      0.646 0.518047    
## Dist_NameGulbarga / Kalaburagi                          0.576 0.564645    
## Dist_NameGuna                                           0.792 0.428289    
## Dist_NameGuntur                                         0.894 0.371419    
## Dist_NameGurdaspur                                      1.022 0.306747    
## Dist_NameGurgaon                                       -0.157 0.875458    
## Dist_NameGwalior                                        0.022 0.982667    
## Dist_NameHamirpur                                       0.079 0.937285    
## Dist_NameHardoi                                         0.156 0.876397    
## Dist_NameHassan                                         0.910 0.362953    
## Dist_NameHazaribagh                                     0.391 0.695890    
## Dist_NameHissar                                        -5.354 8.82e-08 ***
## Dist_NameHooghly                                       -0.501 0.616424    
## Dist_NameHoshangabad                                   -1.426 0.153928    
## Dist_NameHoshiarpur                                     0.824 0.410090    
## Dist_NameHowrah                                        -0.577 0.563868    
## Dist_NameHyderabad                                      0.900 0.368188    
## Dist_NameIndore                                         1.433 0.151861    
## Dist_NameJabalpur                                      -0.129 0.897299    
## Dist_NameJaipur                                         0.746 0.455838    
## Dist_NameJaisalmer                                      1.088 0.276660    
## Dist_NameJalandhar                                      0.751 0.452579    
## Dist_NameJalaun                                         0.299 0.764590    
## Dist_NameJalgaon                                        2.558 0.010543 *  
## Dist_NameJalore                                         1.278 0.201183    
## Dist_NameJalpaiguri                                     0.232 0.816895    
## Dist_NameJamnagar                                       0.424 0.671604    
## Dist_NameJaunpur                                        0.582 0.560844    
## Dist_NameJhabua                                         0.309 0.757597    
## Dist_NameJhalawar                                       1.413 0.157649    
## Dist_NameJhansi                                         0.256 0.798265    
## Dist_NameJhunjhunu                                      1.418 0.156291    
## Dist_NameJind                                          -0.828 0.407591    
## Dist_NameJodhpur                                        1.344 0.178927    
## Dist_NameJunagadh                                       0.773 0.439467    
## Dist_NameKadapa YSR                                     0.592 0.554102    
## Dist_NameKalahandi                                      1.092 0.274688    
## Dist_NameKamrup                                        -0.446 0.655667    
## Dist_NameKangra                                         0.962 0.335941    
## Dist_NameKannur                                         0.983 0.325766    
## Dist_NameKanpur                                        -0.141 0.887606    
## Dist_NameKanyakumari                                    0.838 0.402057    
## Dist_NameKapurthala                                    -0.027 0.978404    
## Dist_NameKarbi Anglong                                  0.553 0.580326    
## Dist_NameKarimnagar                                     0.372 0.709913    
## Dist_NameKarnal                                         1.654 0.098227 .  
## Dist_NameKeonjhar                                       0.276 0.782930    
## Dist_NameKhammam                                        1.109 0.267538    
## Dist_NameKhandwa / East Nimar                           0.985 0.324872    
## Dist_NameKhargone / West Nimar                          0.926 0.354267    
## Dist_NameKheda                                          0.910 0.363083    
## Dist_NameKheri                                         -0.539 0.589695    
## Dist_NameKinnaur                                       -0.320 0.748685    
## Dist_NameKodagu / Coorg                                 0.196 0.844420    
## Dist_NameKolar                                          1.111 0.266426    
## Dist_NameKolhapur                                      -1.218 0.223099    
## Dist_NameKollam                                        -0.178 0.858950    
## Dist_NameKoraput                                       -0.011 0.990898    
## Dist_NameKota                                          -0.398 0.690299    
## Dist_NameKottayam                                      -0.031 0.975379    
## Dist_NameKozhikode                                      1.219 0.222790    
## Dist_NameKrishna                                        1.427 0.153484    
## Dist_NameKullu                                          1.241 0.214681    
## Dist_NameKurnool                                        1.569 0.116586    
## Dist_NameKutch                                          0.334 0.738456    
## Dist_NameLahul & Spiti                                 -0.435 0.663346    
## Dist_NameLakhimpur                                     -0.091 0.927567    
## Dist_NameLucknow                                        0.766 0.443817    
## Dist_NameLudhiana                                       0.133 0.893935    
## Dist_NameMadurai                                        0.678 0.497955    
## Dist_NameMahabubnagar                                   1.105 0.269316    
## Dist_NameMahendragarh / Narnaul                         1.026 0.304916    
## Dist_NameMainpuri                                       0.330 0.741368    
## Dist_NameMalappuram                                     0.747 0.455176    
## Dist_NameMalda                                          0.030 0.976166    
## Dist_NameMandi                                          1.467 0.142294    
## Dist_NameMandla                                        -0.377 0.706478    
## Dist_NameMandsaur                                       2.245 0.024817 *  
## Dist_NameMandya                                         1.102 0.270529    
## Dist_NameMathura                                        0.601 0.547766    
## Dist_NameMayurbhanja                                    0.720 0.471518    
## Dist_NameMedak                                          0.380 0.703883    
## Dist_NameMeerut                                        -1.200 0.230132    
## Dist_NameMehsana                                        0.587 0.556937    
## Dist_NameMidnapur                                      -0.885 0.376080    
## Dist_NameMirzpur                                        0.078 0.937907    
## Dist_NameMoradabad                                      0.345 0.730003    
## Dist_NameMorena                                        -0.003 0.997616    
## Dist_NameMungair                                        0.704 0.481660    
## Dist_NameMurshidabad                                   -1.096 0.272920    
## Dist_NameMuzaffarnagar                                  0.747 0.454803    
## Dist_NameMuzaffarpur                                    1.146 0.251623    
## Dist_NameMysore                                         1.007 0.313805    
## Dist_NameNadia                                         -0.618 0.536314    
## Dist_NameNagaon                                         0.329 0.742288    
## Dist_NameNagaur                                         1.334 0.182345    
## Dist_NameNagpur                                         0.916 0.359856    
## Dist_NameNainital                                       0.704 0.481225    
## Dist_NameNalgonda                                       0.095 0.924211    
## Dist_NameNanded                                         1.071 0.284274    
## Dist_NameNarsinghpur                                    0.508 0.611241    
## Dist_NameNasik                                          0.087 0.930309    
## Dist_NameNizamabad                                      0.128 0.897994    
## Dist_NameNorth Arcot / Vellore                          0.673 0.500757    
## Dist_NameNorth Cachar Hil / Dima hasao                  1.111 0.266554    
## Dist_NameOsmanabad                                      0.703 0.481879    
## Dist_NamePalakkad                                       0.625 0.532269    
## Dist_NamePalamau                                        0.420 0.674358    
## Dist_NamePali                                           1.598 0.110151    
## Dist_NamePanchmahal                                     0.794 0.427023    
## Dist_NamePanna                                          0.315 0.752894    
## Dist_NameParbhani                                       0.417 0.676348    
## Dist_NamePatiala                                        0.961 0.336545    
## Dist_NamePatna                                          0.109 0.913497    
## Dist_NamePhulbani ( Kandhamal )                         0.689 0.490790    
## Dist_NamePilibhit                                       1.225 0.220538    
## Dist_NamePithorgarh                                     0.827 0.408074    
## Dist_NamePratapgarh                                     0.459 0.646156    
## Dist_NamePune                                           3.602 0.000317 ***
## Dist_NamePuri                                           0.001 0.999554    
## Dist_NamePurnea                                         1.118 0.263402    
## Dist_NamePurulia                                        0.607 0.543561    
## Dist_NameRae-Bareily                                    0.250 0.802845    
## Dist_NameRaichur                                       -1.155 0.248091    
## Dist_NameRaigad                                         0.305 0.760402    
## Dist_NameRaigarh                                        0.286 0.774636    
## Dist_NameRaipur                                         0.696 0.486434    
## Dist_NameRaisen                                        -1.466 0.142752    
## Dist_NameRajgarh                                        1.471 0.141253    
## Dist_NameRajkot                                         0.887 0.375061    
## Dist_NameRamananthapuram                                0.983 0.325656    
## Dist_NameRampur                                         0.850 0.395506    
## Dist_NameRanchi                                         0.238 0.811773    
## Dist_NameRatlam                                         1.096 0.272955    
## Dist_NameRatnagiri                                      0.503 0.614830    
## Dist_NameRewa                                          -0.110 0.912248    
## Dist_NameRohtak                                        -1.890 0.058784 .  
## Dist_NameRoopnagar / Ropar                              0.448 0.654082    
## Dist_NameS.P.S. Nellore                                -0.215 0.830033    
## Dist_NameSabarkantha                                    1.134 0.256755    
## Dist_NameSagar                                          0.925 0.355211    
## Dist_NameSaharanpur                                    -0.622 0.533717    
## Dist_NameSaharsa                                        0.534 0.593028    
## Dist_NameSalem                                          2.964 0.003044 ** 
## Dist_NameSambalpur                                     -0.265 0.791204    
## Dist_NameSangli                                         2.431 0.015095 *  
## Dist_NameSangrur                                        0.391 0.696028    
## Dist_NameSanthal Paragana / Dumka                       0.835 0.403557    
## Dist_NameSaran                                          1.358 0.174548    
## Dist_NameSatara                                         1.916 0.055415 .  
## Dist_NameSatna                                         -0.025 0.980371    
## Dist_NameSehore                                         0.963 0.335467    
## Dist_NameSeoni / Shivani                               -0.028 0.977269    
## Dist_NameShahabad (now part of Bhojpur district)        0.024 0.980948    
## Dist_NameShahdol                                        0.199 0.841954    
## Dist_NameShahjahanpur                                   0.977 0.328839    
## Dist_NameShajapur                                       1.242 0.214204    
## Dist_NameShimla                                         1.245 0.213048    
## Dist_NameShimoge                                        0.791 0.429108    
## Dist_NameShivpuri                                       0.759 0.447912    
## Dist_NameSibsagar                                      -0.413 0.679801    
## Dist_NameSidhi                                          0.984 0.324918    
## Dist_NameSikar                                          1.076 0.281864    
## Dist_NameSinghbhum                                      0.682 0.495140    
## Dist_NameSirmaur                                        0.870 0.384326    
## Dist_NameSirohi                                         1.191 0.233646    
## Dist_NameSitapur                                        0.596 0.551047    
## Dist_NameSolan                                          1.555 0.119880    
## Dist_NameSolapur                                        3.603 0.000316 ***
## Dist_NameSouth Arcot / Cuddalore                        1.787 0.073988 .  
## Dist_NameSrikakulam                                     0.829 0.407214    
## Dist_NameSultanpur                                      0.235 0.814362    
## Dist_NameSundargarh                                     0.290 0.771976    
## Dist_NameSurat                                          0.227 0.820259    
## Dist_NameSurendranagar                                  1.279 0.200894    
## Dist_NameSurguja                                        0.014 0.989051    
## Dist_NameSwami Madhopur                                 0.871 0.383520    
## Dist_NameTehri Garhwal                                  1.014 0.310656    
## Dist_NameThane                                          0.072 0.942261    
## Dist_NameThanjavur                                      0.337 0.736020    
## Dist_NameThe Nilgiris                                   0.148 0.882134    
## Dist_NameThirunelveli                                   1.220 0.222625    
## Dist_NameThiruvananthapuram                             1.290 0.197225    
## Dist_NameThrissur                                       0.774 0.439179    
## Dist_NameTikamgarh                                      0.341 0.733122    
## Dist_NameTiruchirapalli / Trichy                       -0.313 0.754286    
## Dist_NameTonk                                           0.553 0.580302    
## Dist_NameTumkur                                         0.989 0.322484    
## Dist_NameUdaipur                                        1.291 0.196585    
## Dist_NameUjjain                                         1.995 0.046110 *  
## Dist_NameUnnao                                          0.206 0.836776    
## Dist_NameUttar Kashi                                    0.986 0.324288    
## Dist_NameUttara Kannada                                 1.268 0.204995    
## Dist_NameVadodara / Baroda                              0.796 0.426052    
## Dist_NameValsad                                         0.663 0.507291    
## Dist_NameVaranasi                                       0.473 0.635891    
## Dist_NameVidisha                                        0.304 0.760972    
## Dist_NameVisakhapatnam                                  1.469 0.141829    
## Dist_NameWarangal                                       1.507 0.131955    
## Dist_NameWardha                                         0.281 0.778584    
## Dist_NameWest Dinajpur                                  0.740 0.459146    
## Dist_NameWest Godavari                                  2.606 0.009173 ** 
## Dist_NameYeotmal                                        0.721 0.470646    
## CropCASTOR                                             -0.849 0.395999    
## CropCHICKPEA                                           -3.408 0.000658 ***
## CropCOTTON                                            -14.092  < 2e-16 ***
## CropFINGER_MILLET                                      -1.519 0.128888    
## CropGROUNDNUT                                          -0.629 0.529375    
## CropKHARIF_SORGHUM                                     -1.988 0.046832 *  
## CropLINSEED                                            -0.524 0.600586    
## CropMAIZE                                               4.614 4.01e-06 ***
## CropMINOR_PULSES                                       -9.409  < 2e-16 ***
## CropOILSEEDS                                           -5.997 2.10e-09 ***
## CropPEARL_MILLET                                       -3.197 0.001395 ** 
## CropPIGEONPEA                                          -2.409 0.016009 *  
## CropRABI_SORGHUM                                       -2.619 0.008841 ** 
## CropRAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD                               -3.771 0.000164 ***
## CropRICE                                               -0.057 0.954510    
## CropSAFFLOWER                                          -0.783 0.433402    
## CropSESAMUM                                            -2.660 0.007831 ** 
## CropSORGHUM                                            -2.796 0.005179 ** 
## CropSOYABEAN                                           -5.600 2.21e-08 ***
## CropSUGARCANE                                          11.494  < 2e-16 ***
## CropSUNFLOWER                                          -1.158 0.246892    
## CropWHEAT                                              13.060  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameAdilabad                                 -9.901  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameAgra                                      0.599 0.549461    
## AREA:Dist_NameAhmedabad                                -2.789 0.005293 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameAhmednagar                              -15.697  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameAjmer                                    -5.505 3.80e-08 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameAkola                                   -13.466  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameAlappuzha                                 0.087 0.931063    
## AREA:Dist_NameAligarh                                   3.536 0.000408 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameAllahabad                                 1.368 0.171451    
## AREA:Dist_NameAlmorah                                  -2.774 0.005551 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameAlwar                                    -2.206 0.027424 *  
## AREA:Dist_NameAmarawati                                -9.618  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameAmbala                                    4.301 1.72e-05 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameAmreli                                   -9.804  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameAmritsar                                  8.377  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameAnanthapur                              -15.468  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameAurangabad                              -19.303  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameAzamgarh                                 -0.630 0.528910    
## AREA:Dist_NameBahraich                                 -0.449 0.653340    
## AREA:Dist_NameBalaghat                                 -3.424 0.000620 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameBalasore                                 -0.958 0.338284    
## AREA:Dist_NameBallia                                   -0.743 0.457572    
## AREA:Dist_NameBanaskantha                              -1.784 0.074528 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameBanda                                    -2.836 0.004585 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameBangalore                                -1.734 0.082868 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameBankura                                   0.562 0.574067    
## AREA:Dist_NameBanswara                                 -3.572 0.000356 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameBarabanki                                 0.727 0.467537    
## AREA:Dist_NameBareilly                                  2.682 0.007338 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameBarmer                                  -22.087  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameBastar                                   -8.447  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameBasti                                    -1.055 0.291428    
## AREA:Dist_NameBeed                                    -16.678  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameBelgaum                                   7.252 4.50e-13 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameBellary                                   0.399 0.690087    
## AREA:Dist_NameBetul                                    -7.486 7.84e-14 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameBhagalpur                                 0.723 0.469955    
## AREA:Dist_NameBhandara                                 -5.033 4.93e-07 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameBharatpur                                -0.310 0.756601    
## AREA:Dist_NameBharuch                                  -3.940 8.21e-05 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameBhatinda                                 11.798  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameBhavnagar                                -7.937 2.34e-15 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameBhilwara                                 -3.948 7.95e-05 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameBhind                                    -1.726 0.084366 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameBidar                                    -2.906 0.003669 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameBijapur / Vijayapura                    -14.312  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameBijnor                                    6.768 1.40e-11 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameBikaner                                  -9.741  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameBilashpur                                -1.474 0.140515    
## AREA:Dist_NameBilaspur                                 -6.345 2.35e-10 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameBirbhum                                   3.589 0.000334 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameBolangir                                 -3.939 8.24e-05 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameBombay                                       NA       NA    
## AREA:Dist_NameBudaun                                    0.956 0.338956    
## AREA:Dist_NameBuland Shahar                             3.394 0.000693 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameBuldhana                                 -6.420 1.44e-10 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameBundi                                    -2.103 0.035518 *  
## AREA:Dist_NameBurdwan                                   4.056 5.05e-05 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameCachar                                   -3.200 0.001378 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameChamba                                   -1.592 0.111451    
## AREA:Dist_NameChamoli                                  -1.933 0.053303 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameChamparan                                -5.373 7.97e-08 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameChandrapur                               -6.513 7.79e-11 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameChengalpattu MGR / Kanchipuram            3.213 0.001317 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameChhatarpur                               -3.163 0.001569 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameChhindwara                                4.227 2.39e-05 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameChickmagalur                             -1.374 0.169383    
## AREA:Dist_NameChitradurga                               0.026 0.979455    
## AREA:Dist_NameChittoor                                 -4.145 3.44e-05 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameChittorgarh                              -2.592 0.009566 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameChuru                                   -16.105  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameCoimbatore                               -0.338 0.735208    
## AREA:Dist_NameCooch Behar                               0.220 0.826028    
## AREA:Dist_NameCuttack                                  -5.897 3.85e-09 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameDakshina Kannada                          0.204 0.838709    
## AREA:Dist_NameDamoh                                    -3.993 6.58e-05 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameDangs                                     0.489 0.624819    
## AREA:Dist_NameDarbhanga                                -0.859 0.390555    
## AREA:Dist_NameDarjeeling                               -0.250 0.802740    
## AREA:Dist_NameDarrang                                  -2.496 0.012576 *  
## AREA:Dist_NameDatia                                    -0.807 0.419409    
## AREA:Dist_NameDehradun                                 -2.202 0.027705 *  
## AREA:Dist_NameDeoria                                   -1.978 0.048004 *  
## AREA:Dist_NameDewas                                    -9.442  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameDhanbad                                  -0.432 0.665643    
## AREA:Dist_NameDhar                                     -0.741 0.458734    
## AREA:Dist_NameDharwad                                  -8.296  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameDhenkanal                                -5.080 3.86e-07 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameDhule                                   -10.019  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameDibrugarh                                -1.654 0.098258 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameDungarpur                                -2.593 0.009539 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameDurg                                     -9.764  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameEast Godavari                             6.238 4.66e-10 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameEranakulam                                0.281 0.778820    
## AREA:Dist_NameEtah                                      1.671 0.094834 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameEtawah                                    2.326 0.020064 *  
## AREA:Dist_NameFaizabad                                  1.443 0.148997    
## AREA:Dist_NameFarrukhabad                               0.539 0.589852    
## AREA:Dist_NameFatehpur                                 -0.613 0.539761    
## AREA:Dist_NameFerozpur                                 16.440  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameGanganagar                               -1.912 0.055905 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameGanjam                                   -6.092 1.17e-09 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameGarhwal                                  -1.838 0.066084 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameGaya                                      1.765 0.077614 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameGhazipur                                 -0.770 0.441473    
## AREA:Dist_NameGoalpara                                 -2.799 0.005131 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameGonda                                     0.798 0.425086    
## AREA:Dist_NameGorakhpur                                 0.517 0.605242    
## AREA:Dist_NameGulbarga / Kalaburagi                   -10.156  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameGuna                                     -8.392  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameGuntur                                   -0.197 0.843927    
## AREA:Dist_NameGurdaspur                                 2.789 0.005297 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameGurgaon                                   4.588 4.55e-06 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameGwalior                                   0.770 0.441514    
## AREA:Dist_NameHamirpur                                 -5.004 5.72e-07 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameHardoi                                    1.635 0.102016    
## AREA:Dist_NameHassan                                    0.254 0.799789    
## AREA:Dist_NameHazaribagh                               -2.439 0.014761 *  
## AREA:Dist_NameHissar                                   11.499  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameHooghly                                   1.696 0.089895 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameHoshangabad                               7.430 1.20e-13 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameHoshiarpur                                2.002 0.045295 *  
## AREA:Dist_NameHowrah                                    0.773 0.439344    
## AREA:Dist_NameHyderabad                                -2.141 0.032312 *  
## AREA:Dist_NameIndore                                   -3.058 0.002236 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameJabalpur                                 -1.778 0.075362 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameJaipur                                   -7.177 7.73e-13 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameJaisalmer                                -5.302 1.18e-07 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameJalandhar                                 6.923 4.74e-12 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameJalaun                                   -0.441 0.659228    
## AREA:Dist_NameJalgaon                                 -14.309  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameJalore                                   -8.061 8.67e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameJalpaiguri                               -0.910 0.363087    
## AREA:Dist_NameJamnagar                                 -5.709 1.17e-08 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameJaunpur                                  -0.575 0.565100    
## AREA:Dist_NameJhabua                                   -1.083 0.278675    
## AREA:Dist_NameJhalawar                                 -7.619 2.85e-14 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameJhansi                                   -8.977  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameJhunjhunu                                -4.223 2.43e-05 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameJind                                      4.557 5.28e-06 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameJodhpur                                 -12.063  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameJunagadh                                 -7.051 1.91e-12 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameKadapa YSR                               -1.858 0.063171 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameKalahandi                                -7.483 8.03e-14 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameKamrup                                   -0.980 0.326954    
## AREA:Dist_NameKangra                                   -3.660 0.000254 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameKannur                                   -0.579 0.562419    
## AREA:Dist_NameKanpur                                    1.323 0.185866    
## AREA:Dist_NameKanyakumari                              -0.103 0.917896    
## AREA:Dist_NameKapurthala                                2.878 0.004009 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameKarbi Anglong                            -2.310 0.020938 *  
## AREA:Dist_NameKarimnagar                                2.386 0.017070 *  
## AREA:Dist_NameKarnal                                   12.295  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameKeonjhar                                 -3.125 0.001787 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameKhammam                                  -0.673 0.501175    
## AREA:Dist_NameKhandwa / East Nimar                     -4.785 1.74e-06 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameKhargone / West Nimar                    -3.147 0.001655 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameKheda                                    -0.440 0.660072    
## AREA:Dist_NameKheri                                     7.711 1.40e-14 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameKinnaur                                   0.319 0.749719    
## AREA:Dist_NameKodagu / Coorg                           -0.117 0.907116    
## AREA:Dist_NameKolar                                    -2.132 0.033070 *  
## AREA:Dist_NameKolhapur                                  5.035 4.89e-07 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameKollam                                    0.265 0.790771    
## AREA:Dist_NameKoraput                                  -4.451 8.66e-06 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameKota                                     -0.856 0.392256    
## AREA:Dist_NameKottayam                                  0.198 0.843066    
## AREA:Dist_NameKozhikode                                -0.680 0.496601    
## AREA:Dist_NameKrishna                                   1.248 0.212056    
## AREA:Dist_NameKullu                                    -1.938 0.052675 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameKurnool                                  -7.914 2.81e-15 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameKutch                                    -1.821 0.068703 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameLahul & Spiti                             1.083 0.278938    
## AREA:Dist_NameLakhimpur                                -2.531 0.011408 *  
## AREA:Dist_NameLucknow                                  -0.976 0.329214    
## AREA:Dist_NameLudhiana                                 10.648  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameMadurai                                   0.894 0.371553    
## AREA:Dist_NameMahabubnagar                             -8.975  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameMahendragarh / Narnaul                   -1.406 0.159831    
## AREA:Dist_NameMainpuri                                  1.554 0.120195    
## AREA:Dist_NameMalappuram                               -0.385 0.700053    
## AREA:Dist_NameMalda                                     1.533 0.125391    
## AREA:Dist_NameMandi                                    -2.502 0.012375 *  
## AREA:Dist_NameMandla                                   -1.969 0.048977 *  
## AREA:Dist_NameMandsaur                                -11.076  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameMandya                                   -0.618 0.536867    
## AREA:Dist_NameMathura                                   1.480 0.138785    
## AREA:Dist_NameMayurbhanja                              -4.973 6.74e-07 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameMedak                                    -3.263 0.001106 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameMeerut                                   17.271  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameMehsana                                  -1.909 0.056239 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameMidnapur                                  3.062 0.002207 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameMirzpur                                  -1.474 0.140554    
## AREA:Dist_NameMoradabad                                 2.523 0.011646 *  
## AREA:Dist_NameMorena                                   -1.065 0.286988    
## AREA:Dist_NameMungair                                  -0.114 0.909092    
## AREA:Dist_NameMurshidabad                               3.070 0.002146 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameMuzaffarnagar                             1.327 0.184529    
## AREA:Dist_NameMuzaffarpur                              -5.305 1.15e-07 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameMysore                                   -3.347 0.000820 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameNadia                                     1.814 0.069779 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameNagaon                                   -0.285 0.775348    
## AREA:Dist_NameNagaur                                  -16.686  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameNagpur                                   -7.547 4.93e-14 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameNainital                                  1.367 0.171615    
## AREA:Dist_NameNalgonda                                 -6.784 1.25e-11 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameNanded                                  -12.487  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameNarsinghpur                              -2.700 0.006940 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameNasik                                    -0.445 0.656267    
## AREA:Dist_NameNizamabad                                 1.106 0.268840    
## AREA:Dist_NameNorth Arcot / Vellore                     1.224 0.220889    
## AREA:Dist_NameNorth Cachar Hil / Dima hasao            -0.822 0.411192    
## AREA:Dist_NameOsmanabad                               -14.627  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NamePalakkad                                 -0.265 0.790991    
## AREA:Dist_NamePalamau                                  -2.379 0.017393 *  
## AREA:Dist_NamePali                                     -9.740  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NamePanchmahal                               -6.306 3.01e-10 ***
## AREA:Dist_NamePanna                                    -1.520 0.128425    
## AREA:Dist_NameParbhani                                -13.246  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NamePatiala                                  11.375  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NamePatna                                     0.530 0.596028    
## AREA:Dist_NamePhulbani ( Kandhamal )                   -2.404 0.016261 *  
## AREA:Dist_NamePilibhit                                  2.733 0.006284 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NamePithorgarh                               -1.701 0.088974 .  
## AREA:Dist_NamePratapgarh                               -1.619 0.105467    
## AREA:Dist_NamePune                                     -9.181  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NamePuri                                     -6.016 1.86e-09 ***
## AREA:Dist_NamePurnea                                   -3.260 0.001120 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NamePurulia                                  -1.864 0.062334 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameRae-Bareily                              -0.323 0.746489    
## AREA:Dist_NameRaichur                                  -2.500 0.012427 *  
## AREA:Dist_NameRaigad                                    0.088 0.929821    
## AREA:Dist_NameRaigarh                                  -5.924 3.27e-09 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameRaipur                                  -11.079  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameRaisen                                    0.048 0.961732    
## AREA:Dist_NameRajgarh                                  -9.873  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameRajkot                                   -9.775  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameRamananthapuram                          -1.724 0.084813 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameRampur                                    0.059 0.952846    
## AREA:Dist_NameRanchi                                   -5.830 5.76e-09 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameRatlam                                   -3.886 0.000103 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameRatnagiri                                 0.489 0.625161    
## AREA:Dist_NameRewa                                     -1.310 0.190337    
## AREA:Dist_NameRohtak                                    6.848 8.01e-12 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameRoopnagar / Ropar                         1.744 0.081194 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameS.P.S. Nellore                            4.005 6.25e-05 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameSabarkantha                              -2.367 0.017955 *  
## AREA:Dist_NameSagar                                    -9.562  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameSaharanpur                               10.401  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameSaharsa                                  -2.636 0.008397 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameSalem                                    -3.394 0.000692 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameSambalpur                                -6.432 1.33e-10 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameSangli                                   -5.736 1.01e-08 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameSangrur                                  17.566  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameSanthal Paragana / Dumka                 -4.710 2.52e-06 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameSaran                                    -4.077 4.61e-05 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameSatara                                   -5.416 6.27e-08 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameSatna                                    -1.715 0.086344 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameSehore                                   -7.962 1.92e-15 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameSeoni / Shivani                          -1.039 0.298861    
## AREA:Dist_NameShahabad (now part of Bhojpur district)   2.779 0.005462 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameShahdol                                  -3.044 0.002341 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameShahjahanpur                              1.288 0.197665    
## AREA:Dist_NameShajapur                                 -5.972 2.45e-09 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameShimla                                   -1.202 0.229347    
## AREA:Dist_NameShimoge                                   0.027 0.978196    
## AREA:Dist_NameShivpuri                                 -6.310 2.94e-10 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameSibsagar                                 -2.732 0.006301 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameSidhi                                    -2.606 0.009166 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameSikar                                    -7.003 2.70e-12 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameSinghbhum                                -3.329 0.000876 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameSirmaur                                  -1.767 0.077186 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameSirohi                                   -1.933 0.053248 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameSitapur                                   4.650 3.38e-06 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameSolan                                    -2.222 0.026333 *  
## AREA:Dist_NameSolapur                                 -20.202  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameSouth Arcot / Cuddalore                   6.528 7.06e-11 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameSrikakulam                               -0.365 0.714908    
## AREA:Dist_NameSultanpur                                -0.008 0.993222    
## AREA:Dist_NameSundargarh                               -4.153 3.32e-05 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameSurat                                     2.527 0.011510 *  
## AREA:Dist_NameSurendranagar                            -8.836  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameSurguja                                  -5.906 3.64e-09 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameSwami Madhopur                           -4.316 1.61e-05 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameTehri Garhwal                            -1.727 0.084210 .  
## AREA:Dist_NameThane                                    -1.086 0.277576    
## AREA:Dist_NameThanjavur                                 1.010 0.312367    
## AREA:Dist_NameThe Nilgiris                             -0.032 0.974557    
## AREA:Dist_NameThirunelveli                             -2.455 0.014110 *  
## AREA:Dist_NameThiruvananthapuram                       -0.741 0.458445    
## AREA:Dist_NameThrissur                                 -0.437 0.662378    
## AREA:Dist_NameTikamgarh                                -3.402 0.000672 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameTiruchirapalli / Trichy                   4.128 3.70e-05 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameTonk                                     -4.094 4.29e-05 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameTumkur                                   -3.706 0.000212 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameUdaipur                                  -4.907 9.44e-07 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameUjjain                                  -10.507  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameUnnao                                    -1.579 0.114291    
## AREA:Dist_NameUttar Kashi                              -1.480 0.138956    
## AREA:Dist_NameUttara Kannada                           -0.965 0.334422    
## AREA:Dist_NameVadodara / Baroda                        -3.237 0.001213 ** 
## AREA:Dist_NameValsad                                   -0.249 0.803714    
## AREA:Dist_NameVaranasi                                 -0.349 0.727191    
## AREA:Dist_NameVidisha                                  -8.153 4.07e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameVisakhapatnam                            -0.892 0.372356    
## AREA:Dist_NameWarangal                                 -3.979 6.98e-05 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameWardha                                   -5.935 3.05e-09 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameWest Dinajpur                            -1.383 0.166606    
## AREA:Dist_NameWest Godavari                             8.896  < 2e-16 ***
## AREA:Dist_NameYeotmal                                 -13.917  < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.2017 on 8186 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.8894, Adjusted R-squared:  0.8808 
## F-statistic: 102.6 on 642 and 8186 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16
# Predict the PRODUCTION in the test dataset
predictions <- predict(interaction_model2, newdata = test)

# Calculate prediction performance metrics, such as Mean Squared Error (MSE)
mse <- mean((predictions - test$PRODUCTION)^2)

rmse <- sqrt(mse)

# Print the MSE and RMSE
cat("MSE on test data:", mse, "\n")
## MSE on test data: 0.06925636
cat("RMSE on test data:", rmse, "\n")
## RMSE on test data: 0.263166
ggplot(data = test, aes(x = PRODUCTION, y = predictions)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_line(aes(y = PRODUCTION), color = "red") +
  labs(title = "Actual vs. Predicted Production",
       x = "Actual Production",
       y = "Predicted Production") +
  theme_minimal()

Multinomial Logistic Regression:

I have used Linear Regression for Production as the target variable as it is a continuous variable. Now, I am using the Crop as a target variable and as it is a categorical variable with multiple categories. I will use Multinomial Logistic Regression.

multinom_model <- multinom(Crop ~ AREA + Dist_Name, data = train, MaxNWts = 10000, maxit = 50)
## # weights:  7199 (6864 variable)
## initial  value 27683.278432 
## iter  10 value 25767.684657
## iter  20 value 24242.629098
## iter  30 value 23139.066547
## iter  40 value 22636.207241
## iter  50 value 22025.246052
## final  value 22025.246052 
## stopped after 50 iterations
test_predictions <- predict(multinom_model, newdata = test)

# Comparing predictions against actual values
confusion_matrix <- table(Predicted = test_predictions, Actual = test$Crop)

print(confusion_matrix)
##                       Actual
## Predicted              BARLEY CASTOR CHICKPEA COTTON FINGER_MILLET GROUNDNUT
##   BARLEY                    0      2        3      4             0         3
##   CASTOR                    0      0        1      3             7         2
##   CHICKPEA                  1      3        0      3             1        10
##   COTTON                    0      0       11      4             2         3
##   FINGER_MILLET             4      5        9      6             0        16
##   GROUNDNUT                 6      2        8      4             2         4
##   KHARIF_SORGHUM            9      5        4      4             4         9
##   LINSEED                  20      5       12      2             9        19
##   MAIZE                     2      0        5      2             0         2
##   MINOR_PULSES              3      1       16      8             4         5
##   OILSEEDS                  0      0        1      0             0         0
##   PEARL_MILLET              3      0        4      0             2         1
##   PIGEONPEA                10      2       13      6             5        19
##   RABI_SORGHUM              0      0        0      0             0         0
##   RAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD     10     13       30      7             4        13
##   RICE                      2      3        6     21             6         5
##   SAFFLOWER                 2      1        3      2             0         7
##   SESAMUM                  34     31       34     13            16        46
##   SORGHUM                   4      0        8      8             2         8
##   SOYABEAN                  1      1       17      3             0         4
##   SUGARCANE                 7      1       10      0             3         6
##   SUNFLOWER                 6     23       10      2            17         8
##   WHEAT                     0      2        9     12             0         8
##                       Actual
## Predicted              KHARIF_SORGHUM LINSEED MAIZE MINOR_PULSES OILSEEDS
##   BARLEY                            3       2     2            1        0
##   CASTOR                            6       8     3            4        0
##   CHICKPEA                          6       2    14           18        2
##   COTTON                            5       0    10           13       14
##   FINGER_MILLET                    10       0    17           18        6
##   GROUNDNUT                         8       0     7           15        2
##   KHARIF_SORGHUM                    1       6     7            3        1
##   LINSEED                          23       8    21            4        1
##   MAIZE                             4       3     2           12        0
##   MINOR_PULSES                      0       1    20            2       12
##   OILSEEDS                          0       0     0            2        0
##   PEARL_MILLET                      0       0     0            6        4
##   PIGEONPEA                        14       6    10           17        3
##   RABI_SORGHUM                      0       0     3            3        1
##   RAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD              8       5    36           42       11
##   RICE                              2       0    27           28       15
##   SAFFLOWER                         1       4     7            6        0
##   SESAMUM                          34      31    41           12        3
##   SORGHUM                           4       0     6           15        5
##   SOYABEAN                          0       0     7           12        5
##   SUGARCANE                        13       5    18           18        3
##   SUNFLOWER                        13      14     3            2        0
##   WHEAT                             0       0    16           12       14
##                       Actual
## Predicted              PEARL_MILLET PIGEONPEA RABI_SORGHUM RAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD
##   BARLEY                          4         4            0                    2
##   CASTOR                          2         6            2                    3
##   CHICKPEA                        2        10            1                   18
##   COTTON                          7        10            4                    6
##   FINGER_MILLET                   2        19            7                   10
##   GROUNDNUT                       3         7            0                   12
##   KHARIF_SORGHUM                  8         7            2                    5
##   LINSEED                        11        26            0                   17
##   MAIZE                           5         7            2                    6
##   MINOR_PULSES                    4         9            1                   20
##   OILSEEDS                        0         0            0                    0
##   PEARL_MILLET                    2         0            0                    6
##   PIGEONPEA                       7         2            3                   16
##   RABI_SORGHUM                    0         3            0                    0
##   RAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD           13        40            0                    1
##   RICE                            2         2            8                    2
##   SAFFLOWER                       9         2            1                    6
##   SESAMUM                        29        40           15                   30
##   SORGHUM                         2        12            0                    5
##   SOYABEAN                        1         6            3                    8
##   SUGARCANE                       5         9            5                   15
##   SUNFLOWER                      21        19            8                    9
##   WHEAT                          12         2            2                    6
##                       Actual
## Predicted              RICE SAFFLOWER SESAMUM SORGHUM SOYABEAN SUGARCANE
##   BARLEY                  1         0       9       3        0         5
##   CASTOR                  0         6       9       4        0         4
##   CHICKPEA                3         1      12       8        7        11
##   COTTON                 11         0       0       7        9         5
##   FINGER_MILLET           9         0      12       6        6        12
##   GROUNDNUT               1         1       3       8        0         6
##   KHARIF_SORGHUM          6         5      13      11        1         2
##   LINSEED                 8        10      28      14        8        28
##   MAIZE                   2         0       5       3        0         3
##   MINOR_PULSES           21         0       5       1        6        10
##   OILSEEDS                2         0       0       0        0         0
##   PEARL_MILLET            2         0       1       1        1         0
##   PIGEONPEA               7         3      15      20        9        16
##   RABI_SORGHUM            0         0       0       0        1         0
##   RAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD    8         2      17      13       13        14
##   RICE                   86         0       2      10       18        13
##   SAFFLOWER               3         0       3       5        4         9
##   SESAMUM                15        14       5      39       22        43
##   SORGHUM                 7         0       5       0        1         7
##   SOYABEAN                7         0       3       2        1         3
##   SUGARCANE               1         1      17      15        4         2
##   SUNFLOWER               1        10      30      12        3        24
##   WHEAT                  47         0       2       1       14         4
##                       Actual
## Predicted              SUNFLOWER WHEAT
##   BARLEY                       4     0
##   CASTOR                       6     1
##   CHICKPEA                     1     4
##   COTTON                       0    12
##   FINGER_MILLET                9     8
##   GROUNDNUT                    2     6
##   KHARIF_SORGHUM              12     2
##   LINSEED                     14     7
##   MAIZE                        1     2
##   MINOR_PULSES                 2    19
##   OILSEEDS                     0     0
##   PEARL_MILLET                 0     1
##   PIGEONPEA                    7     2
##   RABI_SORGHUM                 0     1
##   RAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD        13    17
##   RICE                         0   106
##   SAFFLOWER                    2     8
##   SESAMUM                     33    11
##   SORGHUM                      1     6
##   SOYABEAN                     0    15
##   SUGARCANE                    7     2
##   SUNFLOWER                    1    10
##   WHEAT                        0    13
# Calculating the accuracy
accuracy <- sum(diag(confusion_matrix)) / sum(confusion_matrix)
print(paste("Accuracy:", accuracy))
## [1] "Accuracy: 0.0354029062087186"

Generalized Linear Model:

This model is built using the “glm” function and since the MLR model with interaction of Area and Crop had the best model. Checking if this would improve or stay the same with the “glm” function.

model_production <- glm(PRODUCTION ~ AREA * Crop + Dist_Name, 
                        family = gaussian(link = "identity"), data = train)

summary(model_production)
## 
## Call:
## glm(formula = PRODUCTION ~ AREA * Crop + Dist_Name, family = gaussian(link = "identity"), 
##     data = train)
## 
## Coefficients:
##                                                    Estimate Std. Error t value
## (Intercept)                                       2.350e-02  3.416e-02   0.688
## AREA                                              8.530e-01  1.778e-01   4.799
## CropCASTOR                                        8.960e-03  1.827e-02   0.490
## CropCHICKPEA                                      1.400e-02  1.502e-02   0.932
## CropCOTTON                                        3.061e-05  1.798e-02   0.002
## CropFINGER_MILLET                                 1.005e-02  1.922e-02   0.523
## CropGROUNDNUT                                     6.678e-03  1.516e-02   0.441
## CropKHARIF_SORGHUM                                1.258e-02  1.614e-02   0.779
## CropLINSEED                                       2.804e-02  1.804e-02   1.554
## CropMAIZE                                         2.615e-02  1.526e-02   1.713
## CropMINOR_PULSES                                  9.922e-03  1.493e-02   0.665
## CropOILSEEDS                                      9.916e-02  2.230e-02   4.447
## CropPEARL_MILLET                                  5.161e-02  1.610e-02   3.206
## CropPIGEONPEA                                     7.205e-03  1.512e-02   0.477
## CropRABI_SORGHUM                                  6.192e-03  2.101e-02   0.295
## CropRAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD                         -6.643e-03  1.510e-02  -0.440
## CropRICE                                          3.658e-02  1.603e-02   2.282
## CropSAFFLOWER                                     2.314e-02  2.363e-02   0.980
## CropSESAMUM                                       7.015e-03  1.494e-02   0.470
## CropSORGHUM                                       2.584e-02  1.559e-02   1.658
## CropSOYABEAN                                      2.488e-02  1.836e-02   1.356
## CropSUGARCANE                                    -1.156e-02  1.541e-02  -0.750
## CropSUNFLOWER                                     8.798e-04  1.676e-02   0.053
## CropWHEAT                                        -1.619e-01  1.634e-02  -9.908
## Dist_NameAdilabad                                -6.054e-03  4.294e-02  -0.141
## Dist_NameAgra                                     1.419e-03  4.568e-02   0.031
## Dist_NameAhmedabad                               -5.262e-02  4.713e-02  -1.117
## Dist_NameAhmednagar                              -5.274e-02  4.418e-02  -1.194
## Dist_NameAjmer                                   -5.581e-02  4.629e-02  -1.206
## Dist_NameAkola                                   -6.665e-02  4.472e-02  -1.490
## Dist_NameAlappuzha                               -2.639e-02  7.994e-02  -0.330
## Dist_NameAligarh                                 -5.158e-03  4.432e-02  -0.116
## Dist_NameAllahabad                               -5.447e-02  4.495e-02  -1.212
## Dist_NameAlmorah                                 -5.911e-02  4.801e-02  -1.231
## Dist_NameAlwar                                    6.298e-02  4.717e-02   1.335
## Dist_NameAmarawati                               -5.934e-02  4.466e-02  -1.329
## Dist_NameAmbala                                   9.551e-02  5.506e-02   1.735
## Dist_NameAmreli                                  -4.397e-03  4.807e-02  -0.091
## Dist_NameAmritsar                                 1.311e-01  5.301e-02   2.473
## Dist_NameAnanthapur                              -8.724e-02  4.481e-02  -1.947
## Dist_NameAurangabad                              -1.218e-01  4.322e-02  -2.819
## Dist_NameAzamgarh                                -1.039e-01  4.746e-02  -2.190
## Dist_NameBahraich                                -6.702e-02  4.532e-02  -1.479
## Dist_NameBalaghat                                -7.833e-02  5.043e-02  -1.553
## Dist_NameBalasore                                -3.048e-02  4.741e-02  -0.643
## Dist_NameBallia                                  -6.139e-02  4.653e-02  -1.319
## Dist_NameBanaskantha                              5.515e-02  4.640e-02   1.189
## Dist_NameBanda                                   -1.139e-01  4.535e-02  -2.512
## Dist_NameBangalore                               -3.119e-02  4.819e-02  -0.647
## Dist_NameBankura                                 -1.060e-02  4.793e-02  -0.221
## Dist_NameBanswara                                -7.000e-02  4.430e-02  -1.580
## Dist_NameBarabanki                               -4.209e-02  4.696e-02  -0.896
## Dist_NameBareilly                                -6.564e-02  4.704e-02  -1.395
## Dist_NameBarmer                                  -1.614e-01  4.693e-02  -3.439
## Dist_NameBastar                                  -1.460e-01  4.693e-02  -3.111
## Dist_NameBasti                                   -7.883e-02  4.694e-02  -1.679
## Dist_NameBeed                                    -1.102e-01  4.283e-02  -2.572
## Dist_NameBelgaum                                 -1.888e-02  4.083e-02  -0.463
## Dist_NameBellary                                  9.441e-04  4.291e-02   0.022
## Dist_NameBetul                                   -7.439e-02  4.534e-02  -1.641
## Dist_NameBhagalpur                               -1.194e-02  4.428e-02  -0.270
## Dist_NameBhandara                                -1.162e-01  4.746e-02  -2.448
## Dist_NameBharatpur                                4.641e-02  4.508e-02   1.030
## Dist_NameBharuch                                 -3.980e-02  4.292e-02  -0.927
## Dist_NameBhatinda                                 2.306e-01  5.126e-02   4.500
## Dist_NameBhavnagar                                2.145e-02  4.614e-02   0.465
## Dist_NameBhilwara                                -8.709e-02  4.350e-02  -2.002
## Dist_NameBhind                                    3.830e-03  4.700e-02   0.081
## Dist_NameBidar                                   -2.687e-02  4.452e-02  -0.603
## Dist_NameBijapur / Vijayapura                    -9.278e-02  4.493e-02  -2.065
## Dist_NameBijnor                                  -3.970e-02  5.509e-02  -0.721
## Dist_NameBikaner                                 -7.560e-02  4.672e-02  -1.618
## Dist_NameBilashpur                               -3.350e-02  5.512e-02  -0.608
## Dist_NameBilaspur                                -7.909e-02  4.393e-02  -1.801
## Dist_NameBirbhum                                  1.792e-02  4.491e-02   0.399
## Dist_NameBolangir                                -3.830e-02  4.239e-02  -0.903
## Dist_NameBombay                                  -5.041e-02  1.823e-01  -0.277
## Dist_NameBudaun                                  -7.306e-02  4.701e-02  -1.554
## Dist_NameBuland Shahar                           -1.682e-02  4.610e-02  -0.365
## Dist_NameBuldhana                                -3.324e-02  4.345e-02  -0.765
## Dist_NameBundi                                   -2.352e-02  4.463e-02  -0.527
## Dist_NameBurdwan                                  4.980e-02  4.486e-02   1.110
## Dist_NameCachar                                  -6.891e-02  4.741e-02  -1.453
## Dist_NameChamba                                  -2.423e-02  5.403e-02  -0.449
## Dist_NameChamoli                                 -4.729e-02  4.861e-02  -0.973
## Dist_NameChamparan                               -2.174e-01  4.750e-02  -4.576
## Dist_NameChandrapur                              -7.801e-02  4.314e-02  -1.808
## Dist_NameChengalpattu MGR / Kanchipuram           1.116e-02  4.654e-02   0.240
## Dist_NameChhatarpur                              -7.477e-02  4.412e-02  -1.695
## Dist_NameChhindwara                               3.270e-02  4.533e-02   0.721
## Dist_NameChickmagalur                            -3.529e-02  4.431e-02  -0.796
## Dist_NameChitradurga                             -1.352e-02  4.229e-02  -0.320
## Dist_NameChittoor                                -2.535e-02  4.435e-02  -0.571
## Dist_NameChittorgarh                             -3.662e-02  4.431e-02  -0.827
## Dist_NameChuru                                   -1.246e-01  5.235e-02  -2.379
## Dist_NameCoimbatore                              -8.102e-03  4.497e-02  -0.180
## Dist_NameCooch Behar                              1.941e-03  5.119e-02   0.038
## Dist_NameCuttack                                 -4.093e-02  4.698e-02  -0.871
## Dist_NameDakshina Kannada                        -2.972e-02  6.084e-02  -0.489
## Dist_NameDamoh                                   -4.464e-02  4.536e-02  -0.984
## Dist_NameDangs                                   -1.927e-02  4.855e-02  -0.397
## Dist_NameDarbhanga                               -3.619e-02  4.611e-02  -0.785
## Dist_NameDarjeeling                              -2.814e-02  4.655e-02  -0.604
## Dist_NameDarrang                                 -5.877e-02  4.794e-02  -1.226
## Dist_NameDatia                                   -5.871e-02  4.534e-02  -1.295
## Dist_NameDehradun                                -2.928e-02  4.498e-02  -0.651
## Dist_NameDeoria                                  -1.131e-01  4.699e-02  -2.407
## Dist_NameDewas                                   -2.598e-02  4.819e-02  -0.539
## Dist_NameDhanbad                                 -2.967e-02  5.124e-02  -0.579
## Dist_NameDhar                                    -3.131e-02  4.749e-02  -0.659
## Dist_NameDharwad                                 -1.097e-01  4.278e-02  -2.564
## Dist_NameDhenkanal                               -9.343e-02  4.920e-02  -1.899
## Dist_NameDhule                                   -4.013e-02  4.184e-02  -0.959
## Dist_NameDibrugarh                               -4.938e-02  5.122e-02  -0.964
## Dist_NameDungarpur                               -6.167e-02  4.371e-02  -1.411
## Dist_NameDurg                                    -1.896e-01  4.397e-02  -4.311
## Dist_NameEast Godavari                            6.653e-02  4.493e-02   1.480
## Dist_NameEranakulam                              -3.953e-02  7.512e-02  -0.526
## Dist_NameEtah                                    -1.989e-02  4.573e-02  -0.435
## Dist_NameEtawah                                  -1.376e-02  4.609e-02  -0.298
## Dist_NameFaizabad                                -4.356e-02  4.609e-02  -0.945
## Dist_NameFarrukhabad                             -3.640e-02  4.572e-02  -0.796
## Dist_NameFatehpur                                -5.780e-02  4.369e-02  -1.323
## Dist_NameFerozpur                                 4.851e-01  5.142e-02   9.434
## Dist_NameGanganagar                              -1.728e-02  4.286e-02  -0.403
## Dist_NameGanjam                                  -6.190e-02  4.366e-02  -1.418
## Dist_NameGarhwal                                 -3.809e-02  4.805e-02  -0.793
## Dist_NameGaya                                    -5.724e-02  4.796e-02  -1.193
## Dist_NameGhazipur                                -5.493e-02  4.427e-02  -1.241
## Dist_NameGoalpara                                -6.823e-02  4.605e-02  -1.482
## Dist_NameGonda                                   -1.097e-01  4.858e-02  -2.258
## Dist_NameGorakhpur                               -1.049e-01  4.656e-02  -2.254
## Dist_NameGulbarga / Kalaburagi                   -1.231e-02  4.338e-02  -0.284
## Dist_NameGuna                                    -6.897e-02  4.929e-02  -1.399
## Dist_NameGuntur                                   6.136e-02  4.223e-02   1.453
## Dist_NameGurdaspur                                4.365e-02  5.294e-02   0.825
## Dist_NameGurgaon                                  1.693e-02  4.574e-02   0.370
## Dist_NameGwalior                                 -2.378e-02  4.655e-02  -0.511
## Dist_NameHamirpur                                -9.322e-02  4.254e-02  -2.191
## Dist_NameHardoi                                  -5.324e-02  4.496e-02  -1.184
## Dist_NameHassan                                  -9.348e-03  4.274e-02  -0.219
## Dist_NameHazaribagh                              -7.124e-02  5.120e-02  -1.391
## Dist_NameHissar                                   2.320e-01  4.833e-02   4.799
## Dist_NameHooghly                                  7.871e-03  4.975e-02   0.158
## Dist_NameHoshangabad                              9.769e-03  4.616e-02   0.212
## Dist_NameHoshiarpur                               2.874e-02  5.502e-02   0.522
## Dist_NameHowrah                                  -1.172e-02  5.122e-02  -0.229
## Dist_NameHyderabad                               -2.810e-02  4.107e-02  -0.684
## Dist_NameIndore                                   3.641e-02  5.626e-02   0.647
## Dist_NameJabalpur                                -3.569e-02  4.570e-02  -0.781
## Dist_NameJaipur                                   1.392e-02  4.600e-02   0.303
## Dist_NameJaisalmer                               -5.767e-02  4.857e-02  -1.188
## Dist_NameJalandhar                                1.359e-01  4.976e-02   2.731
## Dist_NameJalaun                                  -2.331e-02  4.613e-02  -0.505
## Dist_NameJalgaon                                  6.586e-03  4.419e-02   0.149
## Dist_NameJalore                                  -7.049e-02  4.621e-02  -1.526
## Dist_NameJalpaiguri                              -2.155e-02  4.527e-02  -0.476
## Dist_NameJamnagar                                -1.261e-02  4.622e-02  -0.273
## Dist_NameJaunpur                                 -7.356e-02  4.570e-02  -1.610
## Dist_NameJhabua                                  -2.989e-02  4.701e-02  -0.636
## Dist_NameJhalawar                                -4.880e-02  4.292e-02  -1.137
## Dist_NameJhansi                                  -1.072e-01  4.421e-02  -2.424
## Dist_NameJhunjhunu                                9.455e-03  5.212e-02   0.181
## Dist_NameJind                                     4.609e-02  6.090e-02   0.757
## Dist_NameJodhpur                                 -3.680e-02  4.768e-02  -0.772
## Dist_NameJunagadh                                -3.684e-03  4.499e-02  -0.082
## Dist_NameKadapa YSR                              -3.494e-02  4.291e-02  -0.814
## Dist_NameKalahandi                               -9.205e-03  4.339e-02  -0.212
## Dist_NameKamrup                                  -5.220e-02  5.046e-02  -1.035
## Dist_NameKangra                                  -9.879e-02  4.706e-02  -2.099
## Dist_NameKannur                                  -4.576e-02  8.647e-02  -0.529
## Dist_NameKanpur                                  -3.435e-02  4.290e-02  -0.801
## Dist_NameKanyakumari                             -2.996e-02  6.791e-02  -0.441
## Dist_NameKapurthala                               1.410e-01  7.108e-02   1.984
## Dist_NameKarbi Anglong                           -5.313e-02  4.527e-02  -1.174
## Dist_NameKarimnagar                               6.182e-02  4.370e-02   1.415
## Dist_NameKarnal                                   1.823e-01  5.305e-02   3.436
## Dist_NameKeonjhar                                -5.458e-02  4.367e-02  -1.250
## Dist_NameKhammam                                  2.910e-03  4.462e-02   0.065
## Dist_NameKhandwa / East Nimar                    -3.416e-02  4.402e-02  -0.776
## Dist_NameKhargone / West Nimar                   -7.201e-03  4.574e-02  -0.157
## Dist_NameKheda                                   -1.249e-02  4.313e-02  -0.290
## Dist_NameKheri                                   -5.588e-02  4.702e-02  -1.188
## Dist_NameKinnaur                                 -6.483e-03  5.517e-02  -0.118
## Dist_NameKodagu / Coorg                          -3.973e-02  8.002e-02  -0.496
## Dist_NameKolar                                   -3.257e-02  4.482e-02  -0.727
## Dist_NameKolhapur                                 2.661e-02  4.574e-02   0.582
## Dist_NameKollam                                  -3.399e-02  6.792e-02  -0.500
## Dist_NameKoraput                                 -7.182e-02  4.160e-02  -1.726
## Dist_NameKota                                     6.563e-03  4.498e-02   0.146
## Dist_NameKottayam                                -3.337e-02  6.530e-02  -0.511
## Dist_NameKozhikode                               -4.387e-02  8.004e-02  -0.548
## Dist_NameKrishna                                  1.097e-01  4.569e-02   2.401
## Dist_NameKullu                                   -3.430e-02  4.921e-02  -0.697
## Dist_NameKurnool                                  3.418e-03  4.147e-02   0.082
## Dist_NameKutch                                   -2.699e-03  4.517e-02  -0.060
## Dist_NameLahul & Spiti                            3.794e-03  5.919e-02   0.064
## Dist_NameLakhimpur                               -6.044e-02  4.853e-02  -1.245
## Dist_NameLucknow                                 -4.184e-02  4.698e-02  -0.891
## Dist_NameLudhiana                                 2.258e-01  5.298e-02   4.262
## Dist_NameMadurai                                  1.243e-02  4.429e-02   0.281
## Dist_NameMahabubnagar                            -6.700e-02  4.233e-02  -1.583
## Dist_NameMahendragarh / Narnaul                   6.543e-02  4.536e-02   1.443
## Dist_NameMainpuri                                -2.233e-02  4.532e-02  -0.493
## Dist_NameMalappuram                              -4.244e-02  8.647e-02  -0.491
## Dist_NameMalda                                    1.886e-02  4.648e-02   0.406
## Dist_NameMandi                                   -6.820e-02  5.053e-02  -1.350
## Dist_NameMandla                                  -7.234e-02  4.758e-02  -1.520
## Dist_NameMandsaur                                -1.189e-02  4.812e-02  -0.247
## Dist_NameMandya                                  -4.291e-03  4.661e-02  -0.092
## Dist_NameMathura                                 -3.163e-02  4.653e-02  -0.680
## Dist_NameMayurbhanja                             -1.029e-01  4.608e-02  -2.233
## Dist_NameMedak                                   -2.378e-02  4.430e-02  -0.537
## Dist_NameMeerut                                  -9.588e-04  4.767e-02  -0.020
## Dist_NameMehsana                                 -2.008e-02  4.436e-02  -0.453
## Dist_NameMidnapur                                 8.265e-02  4.862e-02   1.700
## Dist_NameMirzpur                                 -7.416e-02  4.462e-02  -1.662
## Dist_NameMoradabad                               -8.841e-02  4.702e-02  -1.880
## Dist_NameMorena                                   5.070e-02  4.506e-02   1.125
## Dist_NameMungair                                 -3.488e-02  4.370e-02  -0.798
## Dist_NameMurshidabad                              2.625e-02  4.564e-02   0.575
## Dist_NameMuzaffarnagar                           -9.721e-03  5.299e-02  -0.183
## Dist_NameMuzaffarpur                             -1.393e-01  4.531e-02  -3.074
## Dist_NameMysore                                  -2.415e-02  4.378e-02  -0.551
## Dist_NameNadia                                    7.813e-03  4.849e-02   0.161
## Dist_NameNagaon                                  -3.476e-02  5.203e-02  -0.668
## Dist_NameNagaur                                  -5.182e-02  4.685e-02  -1.106
## Dist_NameNagpur                                  -8.983e-02  4.431e-02  -2.027
## Dist_NameNainital                                -9.226e-03  5.050e-02  -0.183
## Dist_NameNalgonda                                -1.185e-02  4.500e-02  -0.263
## Dist_NameNanded                                  -9.309e-02  4.331e-02  -2.149
## Dist_NameNarsinghpur                             -3.839e-02  4.857e-02  -0.790
## Dist_NameNasik                                   -1.631e-02  4.248e-02  -0.384
## Dist_NameNizamabad                                1.084e-02  4.336e-02   0.250
## Dist_NameNorth Arcot / Vellore                    2.564e-02  4.657e-02   0.551
## Dist_NameNorth Cachar Hil / Dima hasao           -4.317e-02  5.395e-02  -0.800
## Dist_NameOsmanabad                               -1.263e-01  4.230e-02  -2.986
## Dist_NamePalakkad                                -3.758e-02  5.297e-02  -0.710
## Dist_NamePalamau                                 -8.131e-02  4.978e-02  -1.633
## Dist_NamePali                                    -7.460e-02  4.414e-02  -1.690
## Dist_NamePanchmahal                              -1.425e-01  4.410e-02  -3.231
## Dist_NamePanna                                   -1.353e-02  4.979e-02  -0.272
## Dist_NameParbhani                                -1.138e-01  4.374e-02  -2.601
## Dist_NamePatiala                                  2.568e-01  4.977e-02   5.160
## Dist_NamePatna                                   -2.871e-02  4.427e-02  -0.649
## Dist_NamePhulbani ( Kandhamal )                  -4.821e-02  4.158e-02  -1.159
## Dist_NamePilibhit                                -2.307e-02  4.982e-02  -0.463
## Dist_NamePithorgarh                              -4.744e-02  4.611e-02  -1.029
## Dist_NamePratapgarh                              -7.201e-02  4.700e-02  -1.532
## Dist_NamePune                                    -3.399e-03  4.507e-02  -0.075
## Dist_NamePuri                                    -6.499e-02  4.261e-02  -1.525
## Dist_NamePurnea                                  -4.698e-02  4.567e-02  -1.029
## Dist_NamePurulia                                 -4.901e-02  4.455e-02  -1.100
## Dist_NameRae-Bareily                             -5.140e-02  4.340e-02  -1.184
## Dist_NameRaichur                                 -1.642e-02  4.172e-02  -0.394
## Dist_NameRaigad                                  -1.582e-02  6.082e-02  -0.260
## Dist_NameRaigarh                                 -8.044e-02  4.365e-02  -1.843
## Dist_NameRaipur                                  -1.924e-01  4.601e-02  -4.181
## Dist_NameRaisen                                  -6.954e-02  5.399e-02  -1.288
## Dist_NameRajgarh                                 -5.740e-02  4.925e-02  -1.165
## Dist_NameRajkot                                   1.816e-02  4.458e-02   0.407
## Dist_NameRamananthapuram                         -4.357e-02  4.608e-02  -0.945
## Dist_NameRampur                                  -3.662e-02  4.698e-02  -0.779
## Dist_NameRanchi                                  -1.497e-01  4.792e-02  -3.124
## Dist_NameRatlam                                  -1.454e-02  5.049e-02  -0.288
## Dist_NameRatnagiri                               -2.165e-02  5.125e-02  -0.423
## Dist_NameRewa                                    -6.470e-02  4.345e-02  -1.489
## Dist_NameRohtak                                   3.179e-02  4.980e-02   0.638
## Dist_NameRoopnagar / Ropar                        2.657e-02  5.124e-02   0.519
## Dist_NameS.P.S. Nellore                           4.934e-03  4.317e-02   0.114
## Dist_NameSabarkantha                             -1.934e-02  4.540e-02  -0.426
## Dist_NameSagar                                   -7.423e-02  4.756e-02  -1.561
## Dist_NameSaharanpur                              -1.049e-01  5.162e-02  -2.032
## Dist_NameSaharsa                                 -5.729e-02  4.916e-02  -1.165
## Dist_NameSalem                                    8.728e-02  4.469e-02   1.953
## Dist_NameSambalpur                               -9.211e-02  4.424e-02  -2.082
## Dist_NameSangli                                  -2.135e-02  4.373e-02  -0.488
## Dist_NameSangrur                                  3.975e-01  4.802e-02   8.277
## Dist_NameSanthal Paragana / Dumka                -8.911e-02  4.976e-02  -1.791
## Dist_NameSaran                                   -1.220e-01  4.653e-02  -2.623
## Dist_NameSatara                                  -1.976e-02  4.289e-02  -0.461
## Dist_NameSatna                                   -3.648e-02  4.574e-02  -0.797
## Dist_NameSehore                                  -5.117e-02  4.505e-02  -1.136
## Dist_NameSeoni / Shivani                         -8.758e-02  4.798e-02  -1.825
## Dist_NameShahabad (now part of Bhojpur district) -6.477e-02  4.497e-02  -1.440
## Dist_NameShahdol                                 -7.846e-02  4.571e-02  -1.717
## Dist_NameShahjahanpur                            -2.567e-02  4.495e-02  -0.571
## Dist_NameShajapur                                -2.156e-02  4.659e-02  -0.463
## Dist_NameShimla                                  -3.610e-02  5.404e-02  -0.668
## Dist_NameShimoge                                 -1.456e-02  4.704e-02  -0.309
## Dist_NameShivpuri                                -5.406e-02  4.535e-02  -1.192
## Dist_NameSibsagar                                -6.569e-02  4.743e-02  -1.385
## Dist_NameSidhi                                   -7.020e-02  4.806e-02  -1.461
## Dist_NameSikar                                   -1.867e-02  4.666e-02  -0.400
## Dist_NameSinghbhum                               -7.171e-02  5.132e-02  -1.397
## Dist_NameSirmaur                                 -3.516e-02  4.983e-02  -0.706
## Dist_NameSirohi                                  -3.885e-02  4.915e-02  -0.791
## Dist_NameSitapur                                 -9.646e-02  4.579e-02  -2.107
## Dist_NameSolan                                   -3.994e-02  5.130e-02  -0.779
## Dist_NameSolapur                                 -9.583e-02  4.162e-02  -2.302
## Dist_NameSouth Arcot / Cuddalore                  1.397e-01  4.370e-02   3.198
## Dist_NameSrikakulam                              -5.122e-03  4.495e-02  -0.114
## Dist_NameSultanpur                               -6.158e-02  4.461e-02  -1.381
## Dist_NameSundargarh                              -7.441e-02  4.265e-02  -1.745
## Dist_NameSurat                                   -2.748e-02  4.289e-02  -0.641
## Dist_NameSurendranagar                           -2.788e-02  4.498e-02  -0.620
## Dist_NameSurguja                                 -1.089e-01  4.458e-02  -2.443
## Dist_NameSwami Madhopur                           7.234e-03  4.502e-02   0.161
## Dist_NameTehri Garhwal                           -3.798e-02  5.395e-02  -0.704
## Dist_NameThane                                   -2.512e-02  5.124e-02  -0.490
## Dist_NameThanjavur                                2.552e-02  4.426e-02   0.577
## Dist_NameThe Nilgiris                            -5.206e-02  9.554e-02  -0.545
## Dist_NameThirunelveli                            -1.605e-02  4.403e-02  -0.364
## Dist_NameThiruvananthapuram                      -4.402e-02  8.656e-02  -0.509
## Dist_NameThrissur                                -2.643e-02  1.086e-01  -0.243
## Dist_NameTikamgarh                               -4.170e-02  4.800e-02  -0.869
## Dist_NameTiruchirapalli / Trichy                  6.396e-02  4.342e-02   1.473
## Dist_NameTonk                                    -3.208e-02  4.466e-02  -0.718
## Dist_NameTumkur                                  -5.009e-02  4.345e-02  -1.153
## Dist_NameUdaipur                                 -8.569e-02  4.249e-02  -2.017
## Dist_NameUjjain                                  -1.265e-03  5.085e-02  -0.025
## Dist_NameUnnao                                   -9.118e-02  4.370e-02  -2.086
## Dist_NameUttar Kashi                             -2.309e-02  5.130e-02  -0.450
## Dist_NameUttara Kannada                          -3.453e-02  5.623e-02  -0.614
## Dist_NameVadodara / Baroda                       -1.658e-02  4.433e-02  -0.374
## Dist_NameValsad                                  -3.188e-02  4.571e-02  -0.697
## Dist_NameVaranasi                                -5.933e-02  4.461e-02  -1.330
## Dist_NameVidisha                                 -8.217e-02  4.768e-02  -1.723
## Dist_NameVisakhapatnam                           -2.561e-02  4.398e-02  -0.582
## Dist_NameWarangal                                 4.665e-02  4.402e-02   1.060
## Dist_NameWardha                                  -3.787e-02  4.748e-02  -0.798
## Dist_NameWest Dinajpur                           -8.555e-04  4.801e-02  -0.018
## Dist_NameWest Godavari                            2.326e-01  4.527e-02   5.138
## Dist_NameYeotmal                                 -8.582e-02  4.586e-02  -1.871
## AREA:CropCASTOR                                  -2.987e-01  1.893e-01  -1.578
## AREA:CropCHICKPEA                                -5.779e-01  1.782e-01  -3.243
## AREA:CropCOTTON                                  -7.554e-01  1.780e-01  -4.245
## AREA:CropFINGER_MILLET                           -4.519e-01  1.860e-01  -2.429
## AREA:CropGROUNDNUT                               -3.701e-01  1.785e-01  -2.073
## AREA:CropKHARIF_SORGHUM                          -6.295e-01  1.838e-01  -3.424
## AREA:CropLINSEED                                 -5.525e-01  4.295e-01  -1.286
## AREA:CropMAIZE                                   -8.907e-02  1.786e-01  -0.499
## AREA:CropMINOR_PULSES                            -6.904e-01  1.779e-01  -3.880
## AREA:CropOILSEEDS                                -6.490e-01  1.782e-01  -3.642
## AREA:CropPEARL_MILLET                            -6.185e-01  1.779e-01  -3.477
## AREA:CropPIGEONPEA                               -6.213e-01  1.794e-01  -3.464
## AREA:CropRABI_SORGHUM                            -6.680e-01  1.784e-01  -3.745
## AREA:CropRAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD                    -4.304e-01  1.784e-01  -2.413
## AREA:CropRICE                                    -1.616e-01  1.779e-01  -0.908
## AREA:CropSAFFLOWER                               -4.512e-01  4.628e-01  -0.975
## AREA:CropSESAMUM                                 -7.160e-01  1.861e-01  -3.847
## AREA:CropSORGHUM                                 -6.880e-01  1.782e-01  -3.861
## AREA:CropSOYABEAN                                -6.040e-01  1.781e-01  -3.391
## AREA:CropSUGARCANE                                1.232e+00  1.796e-01   6.858
## AREA:CropSUNFLOWER                               -6.289e-01  2.187e-01  -2.875
## AREA:CropWHEAT                                    2.656e-01  1.778e-01   1.493
##                                                  Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                                      0.491521    
## AREA                                             1.63e-06 ***
## CropCASTOR                                       0.623852    
## CropCHICKPEA                                     0.351480    
## CropCOTTON                                       0.998642    
## CropFINGER_MILLET                                0.601100    
## CropGROUNDNUT                                    0.659585    
## CropKHARIF_SORGHUM                               0.435712    
## CropLINSEED                                      0.120183    
## CropMAIZE                                        0.086701 .  
## CropMINOR_PULSES                                 0.506231    
## CropOILSEEDS                                     8.83e-06 ***
## CropPEARL_MILLET                                 0.001349 ** 
## CropPIGEONPEA                                    0.633605    
## CropRABI_SORGHUM                                 0.768257    
## CropRAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD                         0.659937    
## CropRICE                                         0.022538 *  
## CropSAFFLOWER                                    0.327308    
## CropSESAMUM                                      0.638619    
## CropSORGHUM                                      0.097410 .  
## CropSOYABEAN                                     0.175277    
## CropSUGARCANE                                    0.453183    
## CropSUNFLOWER                                    0.958125    
## CropWHEAT                                         < 2e-16 ***
## Dist_NameAdilabad                                0.887874    
## Dist_NameAgra                                    0.975226    
## Dist_NameAhmedabad                               0.264203    
## Dist_NameAhmednagar                              0.232650    
## Dist_NameAjmer                                   0.227978    
## Dist_NameAkola                                   0.136227    
## Dist_NameAlappuzha                               0.741287    
## Dist_NameAligarh                                 0.907349    
## Dist_NameAllahabad                               0.225614    
## Dist_NameAlmorah                                 0.218345    
## Dist_NameAlwar                                   0.181887    
## Dist_NameAmarawati                               0.183994    
## Dist_NameAmbala                                  0.082864 .  
## Dist_NameAmreli                                  0.927118    
## Dist_NameAmritsar                                0.013415 *  
## Dist_NameAnanthapur                              0.051567 .  
## Dist_NameAurangabad                              0.004835 ** 
## Dist_NameAzamgarh                                0.028564 *  
## Dist_NameBahraich                                0.139276    
## Dist_NameBalaghat                                0.120419    
## Dist_NameBalasore                                0.520359    
## Dist_NameBallia                                  0.187050    
## Dist_NameBanaskantha                             0.234594    
## Dist_NameBanda                                   0.012018 *  
## Dist_NameBangalore                               0.517516    
## Dist_NameBankura                                 0.824900    
## Dist_NameBanswara                                0.114118    
## Dist_NameBarabanki                               0.370064    
## Dist_NameBareilly                                0.162912    
## Dist_NameBarmer                                  0.000586 ***
## Dist_NameBastar                                  0.001868 ** 
## Dist_NameBasti                                   0.093134 .  
## Dist_NameBeed                                    0.010138 *  
## Dist_NameBelgaum                                 0.643706    
## Dist_NameBellary                                 0.982449    
## Dist_NameBetul                                   0.100892    
## Dist_NameBhagalpur                               0.787403    
## Dist_NameBhandara                                0.014366 *  
## Dist_NameBharatpur                               0.303224    
## Dist_NameBharuch                                 0.353908    
## Dist_NameBhatinda                                6.89e-06 ***
## Dist_NameBhavnagar                               0.642055    
## Dist_NameBhilwara                                0.045314 *  
## Dist_NameBhind                                   0.935062    
## Dist_NameBidar                                   0.546192    
## Dist_NameBijapur / Vijayapura                    0.038956 *  
## Dist_NameBijnor                                  0.471147    
## Dist_NameBikaner                                 0.105646    
## Dist_NameBilashpur                               0.543304    
## Dist_NameBilaspur                                0.071803 .  
## Dist_NameBirbhum                                 0.689919    
## Dist_NameBolangir                                0.366341    
## Dist_NameBombay                                  0.782121    
## Dist_NameBudaun                                  0.120224    
## Dist_NameBuland Shahar                           0.715213    
## Dist_NameBuldhana                                0.444294    
## Dist_NameBundi                                   0.598169    
## Dist_NameBurdwan                                 0.267021    
## Dist_NameCachar                                  0.146128    
## Dist_NameChamba                                  0.653769    
## Dist_NameChamoli                                 0.330608    
## Dist_NameChamparan                               4.81e-06 ***
## Dist_NameChandrapur                              0.070569 .  
## Dist_NameChengalpattu MGR / Kanchipuram          0.810558    
## Dist_NameChhatarpur                              0.090176 .  
## Dist_NameChhindwara                              0.470717    
## Dist_NameChickmagalur                            0.425840    
## Dist_NameChitradurga                             0.749188    
## Dist_NameChittoor                                0.567688    
## Dist_NameChittorgarh                             0.408532    
## Dist_NameChuru                                   0.017372 *  
## Dist_NameCoimbatore                              0.857043    
## Dist_NameCooch Behar                             0.969749    
## Dist_NameCuttack                                 0.383700    
## Dist_NameDakshina Kannada                        0.625198    
## Dist_NameDamoh                                   0.325116    
## Dist_NameDangs                                   0.691417    
## Dist_NameDarbhanga                               0.432496    
## Dist_NameDarjeeling                              0.545531    
## Dist_NameDarrang                                 0.220235    
## Dist_NameDatia                                   0.195411    
## Dist_NameDehradun                                0.515071    
## Dist_NameDeoria                                  0.016111 *  
## Dist_NameDewas                                   0.589846    
## Dist_NameDhanbad                                 0.562539    
## Dist_NameDhar                                    0.509812    
## Dist_NameDharwad                                 0.010362 *  
## Dist_NameDhenkanal                               0.057603 .  
## Dist_NameDhule                                   0.337606    
## Dist_NameDibrugarh                               0.335010    
## Dist_NameDungarpur                               0.158339    
## Dist_NameDurg                                    1.65e-05 ***
## Dist_NameEast Godavari                           0.138779    
## Dist_NameEranakulam                              0.598806    
## Dist_NameEtah                                    0.663549    
## Dist_NameEtawah                                  0.765356    
## Dist_NameFaizabad                                0.344666    
## Dist_NameFarrukhabad                             0.425966    
## Dist_NameFatehpur                                0.185933    
## Dist_NameFerozpur                                 < 2e-16 ***
## Dist_NameGanganagar                              0.686823    
## Dist_NameGanjam                                  0.156303    
## Dist_NameGarhwal                                 0.427889    
## Dist_NameGaya                                    0.232733    
## Dist_NameGhazipur                                0.214753    
## Dist_NameGoalpara                                0.138411    
## Dist_NameGonda                                   0.023982 *  
## Dist_NameGorakhpur                               0.024225 *  
## Dist_NameGulbarga / Kalaburagi                   0.776522    
## Dist_NameGuna                                    0.161810    
## Dist_NameGuntur                                  0.146266    
## Dist_NameGurdaspur                               0.409600    
## Dist_NameGurgaon                                 0.711209    
## Dist_NameGwalior                                 0.609427    
## Dist_NameHamirpur                                0.028458 *  
## Dist_NameHardoi                                  0.236416    
## Dist_NameHassan                                  0.826892    
## Dist_NameHazaribagh                              0.164136    
## Dist_NameHissar                                  1.62e-06 ***
## Dist_NameHooghly                                 0.874308    
## Dist_NameHoshangabad                             0.832401    
## Dist_NameHoshiarpur                              0.601465    
## Dist_NameHowrah                                  0.819066    
## Dist_NameHyderabad                               0.493890    
## Dist_NameIndore                                  0.517526    
## Dist_NameJabalpur                                0.434784    
## Dist_NameJaipur                                  0.762214    
## Dist_NameJaisalmer                               0.235061    
## Dist_NameJalandhar                               0.006333 ** 
## Dist_NameJalaun                                  0.613429    
## Dist_NameJalgaon                                 0.881522    
## Dist_NameJalore                                  0.127146    
## Dist_NameJalpaiguri                              0.634075    
## Dist_NameJamnagar                                0.785084    
## Dist_NameJaunpur                                 0.107524    
## Dist_NameJhabua                                  0.524828    
## Dist_NameJhalawar                                0.255624    
## Dist_NameJhansi                                  0.015362 *  
## Dist_NameJhunjhunu                               0.856058    
## Dist_NameJind                                    0.449198    
## Dist_NameJodhpur                                 0.440194    
## Dist_NameJunagadh                                0.934741    
## Dist_NameKadapa YSR                              0.415521    
## Dist_NameKalahandi                               0.832000    
## Dist_NameKamrup                                  0.300906    
## Dist_NameKangra                                  0.035806 *  
## Dist_NameKannur                                  0.596662    
## Dist_NameKanpur                                  0.423394    
## Dist_NameKanyakumari                             0.659071    
## Dist_NameKapurthala                              0.047304 *  
## Dist_NameKarbi Anglong                           0.240620    
## Dist_NameKarimnagar                              0.157176    
## Dist_NameKarnal                                  0.000592 ***
## Dist_NameKeonjhar                                0.211395    
## Dist_NameKhammam                                 0.947999    
## Dist_NameKhandwa / East Nimar                    0.437761    
## Dist_NameKhargone / West Nimar                   0.874907    
## Dist_NameKheda                                   0.772183    
## Dist_NameKheri                                   0.234733    
## Dist_NameKinnaur                                 0.906457    
## Dist_NameKodagu / Coorg                          0.619571    
## Dist_NameKolar                                   0.467420    
## Dist_NameKolhapur                                0.560734    
## Dist_NameKollam                                  0.616786    
## Dist_NameKoraput                                 0.084316 .  
## Dist_NameKota                                    0.884007    
## Dist_NameKottayam                                0.609327    
## Dist_NameKozhikode                               0.583579    
## Dist_NameKrishna                                 0.016387 *  
## Dist_NameKullu                                   0.485778    
## Dist_NameKurnool                                 0.934312    
## Dist_NameKutch                                   0.952349    
## Dist_NameLahul & Spiti                           0.948887    
## Dist_NameLakhimpur                               0.213017    
## Dist_NameLucknow                                 0.373103    
## Dist_NameLudhiana                                2.05e-05 ***
## Dist_NameMadurai                                 0.778970    
## Dist_NameMahabubnagar                            0.113495    
## Dist_NameMahendragarh / Narnaul                  0.149150    
## Dist_NameMainpuri                                0.622307    
## Dist_NameMalappuram                              0.623611    
## Dist_NameMalda                                   0.684970    
## Dist_NameMandi                                   0.177145    
## Dist_NameMandla                                  0.128477    
## Dist_NameMandsaur                                0.804780    
## Dist_NameMandya                                  0.926658    
## Dist_NameMathura                                 0.496659    
## Dist_NameMayurbhanja                             0.025556 *  
## Dist_NameMedak                                   0.591451    
## Dist_NameMeerut                                  0.983954    
## Dist_NameMehsana                                 0.650786    
## Dist_NameMidnapur                                0.089174 .  
## Dist_NameMirzpur                                 0.096548 .  
## Dist_NameMoradabad                               0.060090 .  
## Dist_NameMorena                                  0.260570    
## Dist_NameMungair                                 0.424804    
## Dist_NameMurshidabad                             0.565194    
## Dist_NameMuzaffarnagar                           0.854437    
## Dist_NameMuzaffarpur                             0.002117 ** 
## Dist_NameMysore                                  0.581325    
## Dist_NameNadia                                   0.872010    
## Dist_NameNagaon                                  0.504082    
## Dist_NameNagaur                                  0.268733    
## Dist_NameNagpur                                  0.042643 *  
## Dist_NameNainital                                0.855053    
## Dist_NameNalgonda                                0.792310    
## Dist_NameNanded                                  0.031629 *  
## Dist_NameNarsinghpur                             0.429299    
## Dist_NameNasik                                   0.700991    
## Dist_NameNizamabad                               0.802587    
## Dist_NameNorth Arcot / Vellore                   0.581951    
## Dist_NameNorth Cachar Hil / Dima hasao           0.423626    
## Dist_NameOsmanabad                               0.002839 ** 
## Dist_NamePalakkad                                0.477991    
## Dist_NamePalamau                                 0.102440    
## Dist_NamePali                                    0.091056 .  
## Dist_NamePanchmahal                              0.001238 ** 
## Dist_NamePanna                                   0.785882    
## Dist_NameParbhani                                0.009320 ** 
## Dist_NamePatiala                                 2.53e-07 ***
## Dist_NamePatna                                   0.516677    
## Dist_NamePhulbani ( Kandhamal )                  0.246310    
## Dist_NamePilibhit                                0.643335    
## Dist_NamePithorgarh                              0.303663    
## Dist_NamePratapgarh                              0.125513    
## Dist_NamePune                                    0.939886    
## Dist_NamePuri                                    0.127224    
## Dist_NamePurnea                                  0.303664    
## Dist_NamePurulia                                 0.271345    
## Dist_NameRae-Bareily                             0.236291    
## Dist_NameRaichur                                 0.693844    
## Dist_NameRaigad                                  0.794745    
## Dist_NameRaigarh                                 0.065391 .  
## Dist_NameRaipur                                  2.93e-05 ***
## Dist_NameRaisen                                  0.197741    
## Dist_NameRajgarh                                 0.243895    
## Dist_NameRajkot                                  0.683708    
## Dist_NameRamananthapuram                         0.344444    
## Dist_NameRampur                                  0.435725    
## Dist_NameRanchi                                  0.001787 ** 
## Dist_NameRatlam                                  0.773304    
## Dist_NameRatnagiri                               0.672657    
## Dist_NameRewa                                    0.136528    
## Dist_NameRohtak                                  0.523207    
## Dist_NameRoopnagar / Ropar                       0.604080    
## Dist_NameS.P.S. Nellore                          0.909019    
## Dist_NameSabarkantha                             0.670131    
## Dist_NameSagar                                   0.118653    
## Dist_NameSaharanpur                              0.042201 *  
## Dist_NameSaharsa                                 0.243859    
## Dist_NameSalem                                   0.050841 .  
## Dist_NameSambalpur                               0.037389 *  
## Dist_NameSangli                                  0.625403    
## Dist_NameSangrur                                  < 2e-16 ***
## Dist_NameSanthal Paragana / Dumka                0.073393 .  
## Dist_NameSaran                                   0.008739 ** 
## Dist_NameSatara                                  0.644980    
## Dist_NameSatna                                   0.425198    
## Dist_NameSehore                                  0.256045    
## Dist_NameSeoni / Shivani                         0.067999 .  
## Dist_NameShahabad (now part of Bhojpur district) 0.149852    
## Dist_NameShahdol                                 0.086094 .  
## Dist_NameShahjahanpur                            0.568020    
## Dist_NameShajapur                                0.643550    
## Dist_NameShimla                                  0.504107    
## Dist_NameShimoge                                 0.756967    
## Dist_NameShivpuri                                0.233260    
## Dist_NameSibsagar                                0.166070    
## Dist_NameSidhi                                   0.144179    
## Dist_NameSikar                                   0.689057    
## Dist_NameSinghbhum                               0.162356    
## Dist_NameSirmaur                                 0.480392    
## Dist_NameSirohi                                  0.429241    
## Dist_NameSitapur                                 0.035184 *  
## Dist_NameSolan                                   0.436255    
## Dist_NameSolapur                                 0.021341 *  
## Dist_NameSouth Arcot / Cuddalore                 0.001391 ** 
## Dist_NameSrikakulam                              0.909278    
## Dist_NameSultanpur                               0.167445    
## Dist_NameSundargarh                              0.081073 .  
## Dist_NameSurat                                   0.521735    
## Dist_NameSurendranagar                           0.535414    
## Dist_NameSurguja                                 0.014606 *  
## Dist_NameSwami Madhopur                          0.872340    
## Dist_NameTehri Garhwal                           0.481388    
## Dist_NameThane                                   0.623997    
## Dist_NameThanjavur                               0.564262    
## Dist_NameThe Nilgiris                            0.585817    
## Dist_NameThirunelveli                            0.715509    
## Dist_NameThiruvananthapuram                      0.611093    
## Dist_NameThrissur                                0.807664    
## Dist_NameTikamgarh                               0.384978    
## Dist_NameTiruchirapalli / Trichy                 0.140813    
## Dist_NameTonk                                    0.472536    
## Dist_NameTumkur                                  0.249008    
## Dist_NameUdaipur                                 0.043771 *  
## Dist_NameUjjain                                  0.980151    
## Dist_NameUnnao                                   0.036964 *  
## Dist_NameUttar Kashi                             0.652618    
## Dist_NameUttara Kannada                          0.539102    
## Dist_NameVadodara / Baroda                       0.708408    
## Dist_NameValsad                                  0.485572    
## Dist_NameVaranasi                                0.183557    
## Dist_NameVidisha                                 0.084843 .  
## Dist_NameVisakhapatnam                           0.560422    
## Dist_NameWarangal                                0.289244    
## Dist_NameWardha                                  0.425180    
## Dist_NameWest Dinajpur                           0.985785    
## Dist_NameWest Godavari                           2.84e-07 ***
## Dist_NameYeotmal                                 0.061352 .  
## AREA:CropCASTOR                                  0.114578    
## AREA:CropCHICKPEA                                0.001189 ** 
## AREA:CropCOTTON                                  2.21e-05 ***
## AREA:CropFINGER_MILLET                           0.015155 *  
## AREA:CropGROUNDNUT                               0.038197 *  
## AREA:CropKHARIF_SORGHUM                          0.000620 ***
## AREA:CropLINSEED                                 0.198342    
## AREA:CropMAIZE                                   0.618001    
## AREA:CropMINOR_PULSES                            0.000105 ***
## AREA:CropOILSEEDS                                0.000272 ***
## AREA:CropPEARL_MILLET                            0.000509 ***
## AREA:CropPIGEONPEA                               0.000535 ***
## AREA:CropRABI_SORGHUM                            0.000182 ***
## AREA:CropRAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD                    0.015856 *  
## AREA:CropRICE                                    0.363721    
## AREA:CropSAFFLOWER                               0.329632    
## AREA:CropSESAMUM                                 0.000120 ***
## AREA:CropSORGHUM                                 0.000114 ***
## AREA:CropSOYABEAN                                0.000699 ***
## AREA:CropSUGARCANE                               7.48e-12 ***
## AREA:CropSUNFLOWER                               0.004048 ** 
## AREA:CropWHEAT                                   0.135360    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## (Dispersion parameter for gaussian family taken to be 0.0321352)
## 
##     Null deviance: 3012.78  on 8828  degrees of freedom
## Residual deviance:  272.28  on 8473  degrees of freedom
## AIC: -4946.1
## 
## Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 2
predictions <- predict(model_production, newdata = test)


mse <- mean((predictions - test$PRODUCTION)^2)

rmse <- sqrt(mse)

cat("MSE on test data:", mse, "\n")
## MSE on test data: 0.0379068
cat("RMSE on test data:", rmse, "\n")
## RMSE on test data: 0.1946967
ggplot(data = test, aes(x = PRODUCTION, y = predictions)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_line(aes(y = PRODUCTION), color = "red") +
  labs(title = "Actual vs. Predicted Production",
       x = "Actual Production",
       y = "Predicted Production") +
  theme_minimal()

Cross Validation:

Cross Validation of the Models

Normal MLR model without interaction effect

train_control <- trainControl(
  method = "cv",      # Use k-fold cross-validation
  number = 10         # Number of folds
)

set.seed(123) 
model <- train(PRODUCTION ~ AREA + Crop + Dist_Name, data = df,
                  method = "lm",  # Specifying linear model
                  trControl = train_control)
## Warning in predict.lm(modelFit, newdata): prediction from rank-deficient fit;
## attr(*, "non-estim") has doubtful cases
summary(model$finalModel)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = .outcome ~ ., data = dat)
## 
## Residuals:
##     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
## -3.2667 -0.0956  0.0099  0.0916  5.1776 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                                                      Estimate Std. Error
## (Intercept)                                         1.843e-02  5.405e-02
## AREA                                                5.352e-01  4.340e-03
## CropCASTOR                                          5.127e-02  2.527e-02
## CropCHICKPEA                                       -6.303e-02  2.012e-02
## CropCOTTON                                         -3.205e-01  2.370e-02
## CropFINGER_MILLET                                   1.126e-03  2.611e-02
## CropGROUNDNUT                                       4.033e-03  2.077e-02
## CropKHARIF_SORGHUM                                 -1.252e-03  2.165e-02
## CropLINSEED                                         4.025e-02  2.432e-02
## CropMAIZE                                           9.626e-02  1.995e-02
## CropMINOR_PULSES                                   -1.500e-01  1.977e-02
## CropOILSEEDS                                       -2.025e-01  2.643e-02
## CropPEARL_MILLET                                   -6.571e-02  2.194e-02
## CropPIGEONPEA                                      -3.690e-02  2.038e-02
## CropRABI_SORGHUM                                   -1.424e-01  2.880e-02
## CropRAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD                           -3.550e-02  2.041e-02
## CropRICE                                            2.240e-01  2.088e-02
## CropSAFFLOWER                                       8.404e-02  3.179e-02
## CropSESAMUM                                        -1.152e-02  2.029e-02
## CropSORGHUM                                        -6.290e-02  2.131e-02
## CropSOYABEAN                                       -1.477e-01  2.379e-02
## CropSUGARCANE                                       2.588e-01  2.071e-02
## CropSUNFLOWER                                      -3.488e-05  2.353e-02
## CropWHEAT                                           4.359e-01  2.055e-02
## Dist_NameAdilabad                                  -8.413e-02  6.847e-02
## Dist_NameAgra                                       1.350e-02  7.000e-02
## Dist_NameAhmedabad                                 -4.365e-02  7.147e-02
## Dist_NameAhmednagar                                -2.347e-01  6.719e-02
## Dist_NameAjmer                                     -1.433e-01  7.036e-02
## Dist_NameAkola                                     -2.289e-01  6.936e-02
## Dist_NameAlappuzha                                 -9.776e-02  1.118e-01
## Dist_NameAligarh                                    6.393e-02  7.106e-02
## Dist_NameAllahabad                                 -2.225e-02  7.107e-02
## Dist_NameAlmorah                                   -6.345e-02  7.642e-02
## Dist_NameAlwar                                      8.237e-03  7.070e-02
## Dist_NameAmarawati                                 -2.265e-01  7.069e-02
## Dist_NameAmbala                                     1.996e-01  8.466e-02
## Dist_NameAmreli                                    -1.352e-01  7.577e-02
## Dist_NameAmritsar                                   3.427e-01  8.353e-02
## Dist_NameAnanthapur                                -2.303e-01  6.795e-02
## Dist_NameAurangabad                                -3.597e-01  6.797e-02
## Dist_NameAzamgarh                                   2.700e-02  7.144e-02
## Dist_NameBahraich                                   8.115e-03  7.000e-02
## Dist_NameBalaghat                                  -9.365e-02  7.572e-02
## Dist_NameBalasore                                  -4.164e-02  7.413e-02
## Dist_NameBallia                                    -2.611e-02  7.272e-02
## Dist_NameBanaskantha                                1.145e-02  7.272e-02
## Dist_NameBanda                                     -9.892e-02  7.036e-02
## Dist_NameBangalore                                 -4.142e-02  7.319e-02
## Dist_NameBankura                                   -2.894e-02  7.515e-02
## Dist_NameBanswara                                  -5.924e-02  6.876e-02
## Dist_NameBarabanki                                  6.462e-03  7.187e-02
## Dist_NameBareilly                                   6.607e-02  7.145e-02
## Dist_NameBarmer                                    -4.285e-01  7.419e-02
## Dist_NameBastar                                    -1.309e-01  7.226e-02
## Dist_NameBasti                                      7.404e-02  7.410e-02
## Dist_NameBeed                                      -3.743e-01  6.718e-02
## Dist_NameBelgaum                                    3.676e-02  6.669e-02
## Dist_NameBellary                                   -2.012e-02  6.848e-02
## Dist_NameBetul                                     -9.718e-02  7.226e-02
## Dist_NameBhagalpur                                 -7.798e-03  7.036e-02
## Dist_NameBhandara                                  -9.217e-02  7.574e-02
## Dist_NameBharatpur                                  4.226e-03  7.001e-02
## Dist_NameBharuch                                   -4.520e-02  6.879e-02
## Dist_NameBhatinda                                   5.767e-01  7.990e-02
## Dist_NameBhavnagar                                 -8.688e-02  7.272e-02
## Dist_NameBhilwara                                  -7.370e-02  6.847e-02
## Dist_NameBhind                                      3.761e-03  7.365e-02
## Dist_NameBidar                                     -8.101e-02  6.740e-02
## `Dist_NameBijapur / Vijayapura`                    -1.550e-01  6.819e-02
## Dist_NameBijnor                                     2.713e-01  8.157e-02
## Dist_NameBikaner                                   -1.679e-01  7.320e-02
## Dist_NameBilashpur                                 -5.267e-02  8.261e-02
## Dist_NameBilaspur                                  -7.688e-02  6.904e-02
## Dist_NameBirbhum                                    1.501e-02  7.104e-02
## Dist_NameBolangir                                  -6.838e-02  6.847e-02
## Dist_NameBombay                                    -1.152e-01  3.331e-01
## Dist_NameBudaun                                     1.428e-02  7.145e-02
## `Dist_NameBuland Shahar`                            1.209e-01  7.272e-02
## Dist_NameBuldhana                                  -1.567e-01  6.820e-02
## Dist_NameBundi                                     -7.525e-03  6.905e-02
## Dist_NameBurdwan                                    3.987e-02  7.359e-02
## Dist_NameCachar                                    -5.441e-02  7.634e-02
## Dist_NameChamba                                    -8.099e-02  8.986e-02
## Dist_NameChamoli                                   -6.010e-02  7.918e-02
## Dist_NameChamparan                                  1.690e-02  7.268e-02
## Dist_NameChandrapur                                -1.368e-01  6.875e-02
## `Dist_NameChengalpattu MGR / Kanchipuram`           5.245e-02  7.320e-02
## Dist_NameChhatarpur                                -1.038e-01  7.034e-02
## Dist_NameChhindwara                                 7.929e-02  7.104e-02
## Dist_NameChickmagalur                              -1.815e-02  7.074e-02
## Dist_NameChitradurga                               -1.796e-02  6.742e-02
## Dist_NameChittoor                                   5.289e-03  7.075e-02
## Dist_NameChittorgarh                               -3.142e-02  6.875e-02
## Dist_NameChuru                                     -3.756e-01  7.992e-02
## Dist_NameCoimbatore                                 3.958e-03  7.040e-02
## `Dist_NameCooch Behar`                             -4.066e-02  7.835e-02
## Dist_NameCuttack                                   -1.112e-01  7.145e-02
## `Dist_NameDakshina Kannada`                        -6.787e-02  9.936e-02
## Dist_NameDamoh                                     -9.948e-02  7.069e-02
## Dist_NameDangs                                     -5.912e-02  7.583e-02
## Dist_NameDarbhanga                                 -5.038e-02  7.144e-02
## Dist_NameDarjeeling                                -6.283e-02  7.228e-02
## Dist_NameDarrang                                   -8.803e-02  7.697e-02
## Dist_NameDatia                                     -4.984e-02  7.274e-02
## Dist_NameDehradun                                  -5.291e-02  7.275e-02
## Dist_NameDeoria                                     4.515e-02  7.228e-02
## Dist_NameDewas                                     -5.575e-02  7.574e-02
## Dist_NameDhanbad                                   -6.131e-02  8.160e-02
## Dist_NameDhar                                      -3.048e-02  7.187e-02
## Dist_NameDharwad                                   -1.839e-01  6.626e-02
## Dist_NameDhenkanal                                 -1.435e-01  7.272e-02
## Dist_NameDhule                                     -1.224e-01  6.694e-02
## Dist_NameDibrugarh                                 -1.098e-01  8.254e-02
## Dist_NameDungarpur                                 -4.302e-02  6.879e-02
## Dist_NameDurg                                      -1.933e-01  6.934e-02
## `Dist_NameEast Godavari`                            1.622e-01  6.940e-02
## Dist_NameEranakulam                                -1.161e-01  1.162e-01
## Dist_NameEtah                                       1.936e-02  7.271e-02
## Dist_NameEtawah                                     1.336e-02  7.146e-02
## Dist_NameFaizabad                                   3.551e-02  7.228e-02
## Dist_NameFarrukhabad                               -3.077e-04  7.108e-02
## Dist_NameFatehpur                                  -3.828e-02  7.108e-02
## Dist_NameFerozpur                                   6.784e-01  7.579e-02
## Dist_NameGanganagar                                -2.079e-02  6.878e-02
## Dist_NameGanjam                                    -7.084e-02  6.848e-02
## Dist_NameGarhwal                                   -4.999e-02  7.643e-02
## Dist_NameGaya                                       3.041e-02  7.225e-02
## Dist_NameGhazipur                                  -2.732e-02  7.107e-02
## Dist_NameGoalpara                                  -1.007e-01  7.635e-02
## Dist_NameGonda                                      4.850e-02  7.462e-02
## Dist_NameGorakhpur                                  3.763e-02  7.268e-02
## `Dist_NameGulbarga / Kalaburagi`                   -2.021e-01  6.741e-02
## Dist_NameGuna                                      -1.341e-01  7.414e-02
## Dist_NameGuntur                                     6.201e-02  6.745e-02
## Dist_NameGurdaspur                                  1.820e-01  8.353e-02
## Dist_NameGurgaon                                    1.180e-01  7.580e-02
## Dist_NameGwalior                                   -7.825e-03  7.368e-02
## Dist_NameHamirpur                                  -1.241e-01  6.967e-02
## Dist_NameHardoi                                     4.046e-02  7.107e-02
## Dist_NameHassan                                     1.141e-02  7.038e-02
## Dist_NameHazaribagh                                -6.983e-02  7.834e-02
## Dist_NameHissar                                     3.772e-01  7.427e-02
## Dist_NameHooghly                                   -2.345e-02  7.762e-02
## Dist_NameHoshangabad                                3.453e-02  7.227e-02
## Dist_NameHoshiarpur                                 1.247e-01  8.157e-02
## Dist_NameHowrah                                    -9.076e-02  7.986e-02
## Dist_NameHyderabad                                 -3.763e-02  6.720e-02
## Dist_NameIndore                                    -4.360e-02  8.355e-02
## Dist_NameJabalpur                                  -2.426e-02  7.225e-02
## Dist_NameJaipur                                    -5.341e-02  7.072e-02
## Dist_NameJaisalmer                                 -9.948e-02  7.580e-02
## Dist_NameJalandhar                                  2.227e-01  8.251e-02
## Dist_NameJalaun                                    -4.820e-02  7.109e-02
## Dist_NameJalgaon                                   -1.240e-01  6.968e-02
## Dist_NameJalore                                    -1.644e-01  7.273e-02
## Dist_NameJalpaiguri                                -5.976e-02  7.225e-02
## Dist_NameJamnagar                                  -9.012e-02  7.188e-02
## Dist_NameJaunpur                                   -1.743e-02  7.228e-02
## Dist_NameJhabua                                    -3.188e-02  7.148e-02
## Dist_NameJhalawar                                  -8.681e-02  6.968e-02
## Dist_NameJhansi                                    -1.374e-01  6.967e-02
## Dist_NameJhunjhunu                                 -4.220e-02  7.912e-02
## Dist_NameJind                                       2.202e-01  8.841e-02
## Dist_NameJodhpur                                   -2.586e-01  7.276e-02
## Dist_NameJunagadh                                  -3.373e-02  7.074e-02
## `Dist_NameKadapa YSR`                              -3.692e-02  6.719e-02
## Dist_NameKalahandi                                 -1.042e-01  6.692e-02
## Dist_NameKamrup                                    -8.644e-02  7.635e-02
## Dist_NameKangra                                    -7.015e-02  7.467e-02
## Dist_NameKannur                                    -4.178e-02  1.347e-01
## Dist_NameKanpur                                     5.479e-03  6.935e-02
## Dist_NameKanyakumari                               -4.242e-02  1.119e-01
## Dist_NameKapurthala                                 6.809e-02  8.980e-02
## `Dist_NameKarbi Anglong`                           -6.473e-02  7.464e-02
## Dist_NameKarimnagar                                 7.687e-02  7.003e-02
## Dist_NameKarnal                                     5.920e-01  8.163e-02
## Dist_NameKeonjhar                                  -6.653e-02  6.820e-02
## Dist_NameKhammam                                    3.096e-02  7.318e-02
## `Dist_NameKhandwa / East Nimar`                    -7.002e-02  7.070e-02
## `Dist_NameKhargone / West Nimar`                   -3.188e-02  6.967e-02
## Dist_NameKheda                                      1.752e-02  6.879e-02
## Dist_NameKheri                                      2.456e-01  7.228e-02
## Dist_NameKinnaur                                   -1.199e-01  9.323e-02
## `Dist_NameKodagu / Coorg`                          -1.034e-01  1.213e-01
## Dist_NameKolar                                     -7.487e-03  7.188e-02
## Dist_NameKolhapur                                   1.419e-01  7.111e-02
## Dist_NameKollam                                    -9.668e-02  1.081e-01
## Dist_NameKoraput                                   -5.878e-02  6.692e-02
## Dist_NameKota                                      -6.618e-02  6.969e-02
## Dist_NameKottayam                                  -9.214e-02  1.020e-01
## Dist_NameKozhikode                                 -4.319e-02  1.347e-01
## Dist_NameKrishna                                    1.148e-01  7.229e-02
## Dist_NameKullu                                     -6.370e-02  8.078e-02
## Dist_NameKurnool                                   -9.125e-02  6.607e-02
## Dist_NameKutch                                     -4.073e-02  7.318e-02
## `Dist_NameLahul & Spiti`                           -7.125e-02  9.713e-02
## Dist_NameLakhimpur                                 -1.074e-01  7.636e-02
## Dist_NameLucknow                                   -5.077e-02  7.230e-02
## Dist_NameLudhiana                                   3.171e-01  8.159e-02
## Dist_NameMadurai                                    3.997e-02  7.005e-02
## Dist_NameMahabubnagar                              -1.151e-01  6.767e-02
## `Dist_NameMahendragarh / Narnaul`                   3.554e-02  7.416e-02
## Dist_NameMainpuri                                   2.603e-02  7.108e-02
## Dist_NameMalappuram                                -9.432e-02  1.440e-01
## Dist_NameMalda                                     -1.112e-02  7.517e-02
## Dist_NameMandi                                     -6.568e-02  7.643e-02
## Dist_NameMandla                                    -8.006e-02  7.314e-02
## Dist_NameMandsaur                                  -1.052e-01  7.575e-02
## Dist_NameMandya                                    -8.034e-03  7.639e-02
## Dist_NameMathura                                    1.465e-02  7.273e-02
## Dist_NameMayurbhanja                               -7.646e-02  7.316e-02
## Dist_NameMedak                                     -2.112e-02  6.793e-02
## Dist_NameMeerut                                     3.523e-01  7.577e-02
## Dist_NameMehsana                                   -1.973e-02  7.072e-02
## Dist_NameMidnapur                                   9.297e-02  7.410e-02
## Dist_NameMirzpur                                   -6.528e-02  7.070e-02
## Dist_NameMoradabad                                  1.463e-01  7.271e-02
## Dist_NameMorena                                    -6.309e-04  7.186e-02
## Dist_NameMungair                                    8.297e-03  6.967e-02
## Dist_NameMurshidabad                               -9.546e-03  7.360e-02
## Dist_NameMuzaffarnagar                              3.476e-01  7.988e-02
## Dist_NameMuzaffarpur                               -5.156e-02  7.362e-02
## Dist_NameMysore                                    -2.761e-02  7.004e-02
## Dist_NameNadia                                     -3.409e-02  7.461e-02
## Dist_NameNagaon                                    -6.894e-02  7.763e-02
## Dist_NameNagaur                                    -2.624e-01  7.189e-02
## Dist_NameNagpur                                    -1.190e-01  6.906e-02
## Dist_NameNainital                                   3.727e-02  7.523e-02
## Dist_NameNalgonda                                  -2.956e-02  7.003e-02
## Dist_NameNanded                                    -2.810e-01  6.905e-02
## Dist_NameNarsinghpur                               -3.199e-02  7.363e-02
## Dist_NameNasik                                     -2.193e-02  6.795e-02
## Dist_NameNizamabad                                  3.149e-02  6.847e-02
## `Dist_NameNorth Arcot / Vellore`                    8.912e-02  7.039e-02
## `Dist_NameNorth Cachar Hil / Dima hasao`           -1.818e-02  8.075e-02
## Dist_NameOsmanabad                                 -2.971e-01  6.671e-02
## Dist_NamePalakkad                                  -7.837e-03  8.076e-02
## Dist_NamePalamau                                   -8.740e-02  7.987e-02
## Dist_NamePali                                      -1.545e-01  7.036e-02
## Dist_NamePanchmahal                                -7.278e-02  6.938e-02
## Dist_NamePanna                                     -7.105e-02  7.365e-02
## Dist_NameParbhani                                  -3.230e-01  6.822e-02
## Dist_NamePatiala                                    3.360e-01  7.764e-02
## Dist_NamePatna                                     -1.432e-02  7.107e-02
## `Dist_NamePhulbani ( Kandhamal )`                  -4.726e-02  6.850e-02
## Dist_NamePilibhit                                   1.167e-01  7.909e-02
## Dist_NamePithorgarh                                -6.064e-02  7.368e-02
## Dist_NamePratapgarh                                -4.606e-02  7.318e-02
## Dist_NamePune                                      -1.990e-02  6.908e-02
## Dist_NamePuri                                      -9.228e-02  6.905e-02
## Dist_NamePurnea                                     8.067e-02  7.411e-02
## Dist_NamePurulia                                   -4.746e-02  6.934e-02
## `Dist_NameRae-Bareily`                             -3.442e-02  7.034e-02
## Dist_NameRaichur                                   -1.373e-01  6.791e-02
## Dist_NameRaigad                                    -5.250e-03  8.705e-02
## Dist_NameRaigarh                                   -1.063e-01  7.107e-02
## Dist_NameRaipur                                    -8.120e-02  6.965e-02
## Dist_NameRaisen                                    -6.120e-02  7.910e-02
## Dist_NameRajgarh                                   -1.181e-01  7.466e-02
## Dist_NameRajkot                                    -9.093e-02  7.072e-02
## Dist_NameRamananthapuram                            1.660e-02  7.149e-02
## Dist_NameRampur                                     1.697e-02  7.273e-02
## Dist_NameRanchi                                    -8.194e-02  7.763e-02
## Dist_NameRatlam                                    -3.972e-02  7.574e-02
## Dist_NameRatnagiri                                 -1.416e-02  8.162e-02
## Dist_NameRewa                                      -4.436e-02  7.146e-02
## Dist_NameRohtak                                     1.726e-01  7.366e-02
## `Dist_NameRoopnagar / Ropar`                        1.719e-02  7.909e-02
## `Dist_NameS.P.S. Nellore`                           7.655e-02  6.823e-02
## Dist_NameSabarkantha                               -1.468e-02  7.148e-02
## Dist_NameSagar                                     -1.490e-01  7.033e-02
## Dist_NameSaharanpur                                 2.019e-01  7.909e-02
## Dist_NameSaharsa                                   -6.999e-02  7.363e-02
## Dist_NameSalem                                      4.369e-02  6.907e-02
## Dist_NameSambalpur                                 -1.112e-01  6.906e-02
## Dist_NameSangli                                    -3.603e-02  6.792e-02
## Dist_NameSangrur                                    5.217e-01  7.764e-02
## `Dist_NameSanthal Paragana / Dumka`                -7.250e-02  7.763e-02
## Dist_NameSaran                                     -2.117e-02  7.316e-02
## Dist_NameSatara                                    -3.272e-02  6.718e-02
## Dist_NameSatna                                     -5.289e-02  7.272e-02
## Dist_NameSehore                                    -8.804e-02  7.271e-02
## `Dist_NameSeoni / Shivani`                         -2.849e-02  7.573e-02
## `Dist_NameShahabad (now part of Bhojpur district)`  1.023e-01  7.271e-02
## Dist_NameShahdol                                   -8.644e-02  7.145e-02
## Dist_NameShahjahanpur                               9.328e-02  7.108e-02
## Dist_NameShajapur                                  -1.045e-01  7.466e-02
## Dist_NameShimla                                    -6.867e-02  8.262e-02
## Dist_NameShimoge                                    3.128e-02  7.418e-02
## Dist_NameShivpuri                                  -1.118e-01  7.228e-02
## Dist_NameSibsagar                                  -8.881e-02  7.836e-02
## Dist_NameSidhi                                     -6.324e-02  7.186e-02
## Dist_NameSikar                                     -8.238e-02  7.636e-02
## Dist_NameSinghbhum                                 -9.016e-02  7.834e-02
## Dist_NameSirmaur                                   -6.455e-02  7.525e-02
## Dist_NameSirohi                                    -3.583e-02  7.319e-02
## Dist_NameSitapur                                    8.996e-02  7.146e-02
## Dist_NameSolan                                     -7.303e-02  7.915e-02
## Dist_NameSolapur                                   -2.281e-01  6.717e-02
## `Dist_NameSouth Arcot / Cuddalore`                  2.286e-01  7.149e-02
## Dist_NameSrikakulam                                 3.778e-02  7.073e-02
## Dist_NameSultanpur                                 -1.397e-02  7.034e-02
## Dist_NameSundargarh                                -7.968e-02  6.849e-02
## Dist_NameSurat                                      4.435e-02  6.879e-02
## Dist_NameSurendranagar                             -1.317e-01  7.071e-02
## Dist_NameSurguja                                   -1.083e-01  7.035e-02
## `Dist_NameSwami Madhopur`                          -5.739e-02  7.072e-02
## `Dist_NameTehri Garhwal`                           -5.322e-02  7.773e-02
## Dist_NameThane                                     -5.344e-02  7.837e-02
## Dist_NameThanjavur                                  5.542e-02  7.074e-02
## `Dist_NameThe Nilgiris`                            -1.866e-01  1.726e-01
## Dist_NameThirunelveli                               3.620e-03  7.150e-02
## Dist_NameThiruvananthapuram                        -5.445e-02  1.440e-01
## Dist_NameThrissur                                  -1.049e-01  1.726e-01
## Dist_NameTikamgarh                                 -9.847e-02  7.227e-02
## `Dist_NameTiruchirapalli / Trichy`                  1.017e-01  7.004e-02
## Dist_NameTonk                                      -1.048e-01  7.002e-02
## Dist_NameTumkur                                    -5.359e-02  6.936e-02
## Dist_NameUdaipur                                   -5.196e-02  6.793e-02
## Dist_NameUjjain                                    -9.636e-02  7.835e-02
## Dist_NameUnnao                                     -4.155e-02  7.070e-02
## `Dist_NameUttar Kashi`                             -5.075e-02  7.773e-02
## `Dist_NameUttara Kannada`                          -9.145e-04  8.837e-02
## `Dist_NameVadodara / Baroda`                       -4.705e-02  6.879e-02
## Dist_NameValsad                                    -2.841e-02  7.322e-02
## Dist_NameVaranasi                                  -7.801e-03  7.145e-02
## Dist_NameVidisha                                   -1.417e-01  7.576e-02
## Dist_NameVisakhapatnam                              4.321e-02  7.110e-02
## Dist_NameWarangal                                   5.041e-02  7.038e-02
## Dist_NameWardha                                    -1.351e-01  7.416e-02
## `Dist_NameWest Dinajpur`                            3.001e-02  7.462e-02
## `Dist_NameWest Godavari`                            3.315e-01  7.146e-02
## Dist_NameYeotmal                                   -2.740e-01  7.188e-02
##                                                    t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                                          0.341 0.733116    
## AREA                                               123.315  < 2e-16 ***
## CropCASTOR                                           2.029 0.042463 *  
## CropCHICKPEA                                        -3.133 0.001734 ** 
## CropCOTTON                                         -13.521  < 2e-16 ***
## CropFINGER_MILLET                                    0.043 0.965612    
## CropGROUNDNUT                                        0.194 0.846020    
## CropKHARIF_SORGHUM                                  -0.058 0.953873    
## CropLINSEED                                          1.655 0.098040 .  
## CropMAIZE                                            4.826 1.41e-06 ***
## CropMINOR_PULSES                                    -7.588 3.47e-14 ***
## CropOILSEEDS                                        -7.664 1.94e-14 ***
## CropPEARL_MILLET                                    -2.995 0.002750 ** 
## CropPIGEONPEA                                       -1.811 0.070190 .  
## CropRABI_SORGHUM                                    -4.943 7.78e-07 ***
## CropRAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD                            -1.739 0.082012 .  
## CropRICE                                            10.730  < 2e-16 ***
## CropSAFFLOWER                                        2.644 0.008215 ** 
## CropSESAMUM                                         -0.568 0.570323    
## CropSORGHUM                                         -2.953 0.003158 ** 
## CropSOYABEAN                                        -6.211 5.43e-10 ***
## CropSUGARCANE                                       12.498  < 2e-16 ***
## CropSUNFLOWER                                       -0.001 0.998817    
## CropWHEAT                                           21.213  < 2e-16 ***
## Dist_NameAdilabad                                   -1.229 0.219203    
## Dist_NameAgra                                        0.193 0.847085    
## Dist_NameAhmedabad                                  -0.611 0.541414    
## Dist_NameAhmednagar                                 -3.493 0.000480 ***
## Dist_NameAjmer                                      -2.036 0.041740 *  
## Dist_NameAkola                                      -3.301 0.000967 ***
## Dist_NameAlappuzha                                  -0.874 0.382084    
## Dist_NameAligarh                                     0.900 0.368302    
## Dist_NameAllahabad                                  -0.313 0.754261    
## Dist_NameAlmorah                                    -0.830 0.406387    
## Dist_NameAlwar                                       0.117 0.907257    
## Dist_NameAmarawati                                  -3.204 0.001359 ** 
## Dist_NameAmbala                                      2.358 0.018382 *  
## Dist_NameAmreli                                     -1.784 0.074442 .  
## Dist_NameAmritsar                                    4.103 4.11e-05 ***
## Dist_NameAnanthapur                                 -3.389 0.000703 ***
## Dist_NameAurangabad                                 -5.292 1.23e-07 ***
## Dist_NameAzamgarh                                    0.378 0.705493    
## Dist_NameBahraich                                    0.116 0.907713    
## Dist_NameBalaghat                                   -1.237 0.216199    
## Dist_NameBalasore                                   -0.562 0.574342    
## Dist_NameBallia                                     -0.359 0.719588    
## Dist_NameBanaskantha                                 0.158 0.874845    
## Dist_NameBanda                                      -1.406 0.159745    
## Dist_NameBangalore                                  -0.566 0.571486    
## Dist_NameBankura                                    -0.385 0.700117    
## Dist_NameBanswara                                   -0.862 0.388966    
## Dist_NameBarabanki                                   0.090 0.928361    
## Dist_NameBareilly                                    0.925 0.355195    
## Dist_NameBarmer                                     -5.776 7.83e-09 ***
## Dist_NameBastar                                     -1.811 0.070146 .  
## Dist_NameBasti                                       0.999 0.317705    
## Dist_NameBeed                                       -5.572 2.57e-08 ***
## Dist_NameBelgaum                                     0.551 0.581519    
## Dist_NameBellary                                    -0.294 0.768918    
## Dist_NameBetul                                      -1.345 0.178691    
## Dist_NameBhagalpur                                  -0.111 0.911752    
## Dist_NameBhandara                                   -1.217 0.223652    
## Dist_NameBharatpur                                   0.060 0.951867    
## Dist_NameBharuch                                    -0.657 0.511182    
## Dist_NameBhatinda                                    7.218 5.60e-13 ***
## Dist_NameBhavnagar                                  -1.195 0.232182    
## Dist_NameBhilwara                                   -1.076 0.281804    
## Dist_NameBhind                                       0.051 0.959277    
## Dist_NameBidar                                      -1.202 0.229425    
## `Dist_NameBijapur / Vijayapura`                     -2.273 0.023063 *  
## Dist_NameBijnor                                      3.326 0.000882 ***
## Dist_NameBikaner                                    -2.294 0.021816 *  
## Dist_NameBilashpur                                  -0.638 0.523766    
## Dist_NameBilaspur                                   -1.114 0.265493    
## Dist_NameBirbhum                                     0.211 0.832673    
## Dist_NameBolangir                                   -0.999 0.317947    
## Dist_NameBombay                                     -0.346 0.729392    
## Dist_NameBudaun                                      0.200 0.841552    
## `Dist_NameBuland Shahar`                             1.663 0.096392 .  
## Dist_NameBuldhana                                   -2.297 0.021617 *  
## Dist_NameBundi                                      -0.109 0.913223    
## Dist_NameBurdwan                                     0.542 0.587917    
## Dist_NameCachar                                     -0.713 0.476017    
## Dist_NameChamba                                     -0.901 0.367472    
## Dist_NameChamoli                                    -0.759 0.447864    
## Dist_NameChamparan                                   0.233 0.816100    
## Dist_NameChandrapur                                 -1.990 0.046597 *  
## `Dist_NameChengalpattu MGR / Kanchipuram`            0.717 0.473647    
## Dist_NameChhatarpur                                 -1.476 0.139942    
## Dist_NameChhindwara                                  1.116 0.264448    
## Dist_NameChickmagalur                               -0.257 0.797483    
## Dist_NameChitradurga                                -0.266 0.789954    
## Dist_NameChittoor                                    0.075 0.940411    
## Dist_NameChittorgarh                                -0.457 0.647626    
## Dist_NameChuru                                      -4.699 2.64e-06 ***
## Dist_NameCoimbatore                                  0.056 0.955160    
## `Dist_NameCooch Behar`                              -0.519 0.603836    
## Dist_NameCuttack                                    -1.556 0.119649    
## `Dist_NameDakshina Kannada`                         -0.683 0.494575    
## Dist_NameDamoh                                      -1.407 0.159355    
## Dist_NameDangs                                      -0.780 0.435671    
## Dist_NameDarbhanga                                  -0.705 0.480676    
## Dist_NameDarjeeling                                 -0.869 0.384726    
## Dist_NameDarrang                                    -1.144 0.252789    
## Dist_NameDatia                                      -0.685 0.493209    
## Dist_NameDehradun                                   -0.727 0.467055    
## Dist_NameDeoria                                      0.625 0.532191    
## Dist_NameDewas                                      -0.736 0.461691    
## Dist_NameDhanbad                                    -0.751 0.452506    
## Dist_NameDhar                                       -0.424 0.671494    
## Dist_NameDharwad                                    -2.776 0.005512 ** 
## Dist_NameDhenkanal                                  -1.974 0.048446 *  
## Dist_NameDhule                                      -1.829 0.067446 .  
## Dist_NameDibrugarh                                  -1.331 0.183351    
## Dist_NameDungarpur                                  -0.625 0.531764    
## Dist_NameDurg                                       -2.788 0.005311 ** 
## `Dist_NameEast Godavari`                             2.337 0.019453 *  
## Dist_NameEranakulam                                 -0.999 0.317669    
## Dist_NameEtah                                        0.266 0.790080    
## Dist_NameEtawah                                      0.187 0.851755    
## Dist_NameFaizabad                                    0.491 0.623258    
## Dist_NameFarrukhabad                                -0.004 0.996547    
## Dist_NameFatehpur                                   -0.539 0.590162    
## Dist_NameFerozpur                                    8.952  < 2e-16 ***
## Dist_NameGanganagar                                 -0.302 0.762430    
## Dist_NameGanjam                                     -1.034 0.300944    
## Dist_NameGarhwal                                    -0.654 0.513062    
## Dist_NameGaya                                        0.421 0.673880    
## Dist_NameGhazipur                                   -0.384 0.700663    
## Dist_NameGoalpara                                   -1.318 0.187388    
## Dist_NameGonda                                       0.650 0.515729    
## Dist_NameGorakhpur                                   0.518 0.604621    
## `Dist_NameGulbarga / Kalaburagi`                    -2.997 0.002730 ** 
## Dist_NameGuna                                       -1.808 0.070573 .  
## Dist_NameGuntur                                      0.919 0.357921    
## Dist_NameGurdaspur                                   2.179 0.029329 *  
## Dist_NameGurgaon                                     1.556 0.119680    
## Dist_NameGwalior                                    -0.106 0.915421    
## Dist_NameHamirpur                                   -1.782 0.074844 .  
## Dist_NameHardoi                                      0.569 0.569180    
## Dist_NameHassan                                      0.162 0.871185    
## Dist_NameHazaribagh                                 -0.891 0.372722    
## Dist_NameHissar                                      5.079 3.86e-07 ***
## Dist_NameHooghly                                    -0.302 0.762578    
## Dist_NameHoshangabad                                 0.478 0.632808    
## Dist_NameHoshiarpur                                  1.528 0.126430    
## Dist_NameHowrah                                     -1.136 0.255775    
## Dist_NameHyderabad                                  -0.560 0.575468    
## Dist_NameIndore                                     -0.522 0.601798    
## Dist_NameJabalpur                                   -0.336 0.737035    
## Dist_NameJaipur                                     -0.755 0.450071    
## Dist_NameJaisalmer                                  -1.312 0.189406    
## Dist_NameJalandhar                                   2.700 0.006952 ** 
## Dist_NameJalaun                                     -0.678 0.497786    
## Dist_NameJalgaon                                    -1.780 0.075113 .  
## Dist_NameJalore                                     -2.260 0.023839 *  
## Dist_NameJalpaiguri                                 -0.827 0.408189    
## Dist_NameJamnagar                                   -1.254 0.209933    
## Dist_NameJaunpur                                    -0.241 0.809472    
## Dist_NameJhabua                                     -0.446 0.655639    
## Dist_NameJhalawar                                   -1.246 0.212880    
## Dist_NameJhansi                                     -1.973 0.048544 *  
## Dist_NameJhunjhunu                                  -0.533 0.593823    
## Dist_NameJind                                        2.491 0.012767 *  
## Dist_NameJodhpur                                    -3.555 0.000380 ***
## Dist_NameJunagadh                                   -0.477 0.633520    
## `Dist_NameKadapa YSR`                               -0.549 0.582690    
## Dist_NameKalahandi                                  -1.557 0.119551    
## Dist_NameKamrup                                     -1.132 0.257588    
## Dist_NameKangra                                     -0.939 0.347546    
## Dist_NameKannur                                     -0.310 0.756508    
## Dist_NameKanpur                                      0.079 0.937033    
## Dist_NameKanyakumari                                -0.379 0.704500    
## Dist_NameKapurthala                                  0.758 0.448300    
## `Dist_NameKarbi Anglong`                            -0.867 0.385845    
## Dist_NameKarimnagar                                  1.098 0.272346    
## Dist_NameKarnal                                      7.253 4.34e-13 ***
## Dist_NameKeonjhar                                   -0.976 0.329307    
## Dist_NameKhammam                                     0.423 0.672229    
## `Dist_NameKhandwa / East Nimar`                     -0.990 0.322033    
## `Dist_NameKhargone / West Nimar`                    -0.458 0.647293    
## Dist_NameKheda                                       0.255 0.798945    
## Dist_NameKheri                                       3.397 0.000683 ***
## Dist_NameKinnaur                                    -1.286 0.198408    
## `Dist_NameKodagu / Coorg`                           -0.852 0.393965    
## Dist_NameKolar                                      -0.104 0.917047    
## Dist_NameKolhapur                                    1.995 0.046082 *  
## Dist_NameKollam                                     -0.894 0.371223    
## Dist_NameKoraput                                    -0.878 0.379752    
## Dist_NameKota                                       -0.950 0.342262    
## Dist_NameKottayam                                   -0.903 0.366513    
## Dist_NameKozhikode                                  -0.321 0.748538    
## Dist_NameKrishna                                     1.588 0.112326    
## Dist_NameKullu                                      -0.788 0.430424    
## Dist_NameKurnool                                    -1.381 0.167239    
## Dist_NameKutch                                      -0.556 0.577896    
## `Dist_NameLahul & Spiti`                            -0.734 0.463233    
## Dist_NameLakhimpur                                  -1.407 0.159527    
## Dist_NameLucknow                                    -0.702 0.482561    
## Dist_NameLudhiana                                    3.887 0.000102 ***
## Dist_NameMadurai                                     0.571 0.568237    
## Dist_NameMahabubnagar                               -1.701 0.088893 .  
## `Dist_NameMahendragarh / Narnaul`                    0.479 0.631732    
## Dist_NameMainpuri                                    0.366 0.714242    
## Dist_NameMalappuram                                 -0.655 0.512405    
## Dist_NameMalda                                      -0.148 0.882446    
## Dist_NameMandi                                      -0.859 0.390118    
## Dist_NameMandla                                     -1.095 0.273681    
## Dist_NameMandsaur                                   -1.389 0.164954    
## Dist_NameMandya                                     -0.105 0.916240    
## Dist_NameMathura                                     0.201 0.840319    
## Dist_NameMayurbhanja                                -1.045 0.295960    
## Dist_NameMedak                                      -0.311 0.755883    
## Dist_NameMeerut                                      4.649 3.37e-06 ***
## Dist_NameMehsana                                    -0.279 0.780271    
## Dist_NameMidnapur                                    1.255 0.209641    
## Dist_NameMirzpur                                    -0.923 0.355887    
## Dist_NameMoradabad                                   2.012 0.044291 *  
## Dist_NameMorena                                     -0.009 0.992994    
## Dist_NameMungair                                     0.119 0.905203    
## Dist_NameMurshidabad                                -0.130 0.896805    
## Dist_NameMuzaffarnagar                               4.352 1.36e-05 ***
## Dist_NameMuzaffarpur                                -0.700 0.483742    
## Dist_NameMysore                                     -0.394 0.693429    
## Dist_NameNadia                                      -0.457 0.647697    
## Dist_NameNagaon                                     -0.888 0.374544    
## Dist_NameNagaur                                     -3.650 0.000263 ***
## Dist_NameNagpur                                     -1.724 0.084820 .  
## Dist_NameNainital                                    0.495 0.620269    
## Dist_NameNalgonda                                   -0.422 0.672960    
## Dist_NameNanded                                     -4.070 4.74e-05 ***
## Dist_NameNarsinghpur                                -0.434 0.663934    
## Dist_NameNasik                                      -0.323 0.746856    
## Dist_NameNizamabad                                   0.460 0.645646    
## `Dist_NameNorth Arcot / Vellore`                     1.266 0.205493    
## `Dist_NameNorth Cachar Hil / Dima hasao`            -0.225 0.821834    
## Dist_NameOsmanabad                                  -4.454 8.50e-06 ***
## Dist_NamePalakkad                                   -0.097 0.922693    
## Dist_NamePalamau                                    -1.094 0.273838    
## Dist_NamePali                                       -2.196 0.028126 *  
## Dist_NamePanchmahal                                 -1.049 0.294212    
## Dist_NamePanna                                      -0.965 0.334766    
## Dist_NameParbhani                                   -4.735 2.21e-06 ***
## Dist_NamePatiala                                     4.328 1.52e-05 ***
## Dist_NamePatna                                      -0.202 0.840306    
## `Dist_NamePhulbani ( Kandhamal )`                   -0.690 0.490202    
## Dist_NamePilibhit                                    1.476 0.139924    
## Dist_NamePithorgarh                                 -0.823 0.410511    
## Dist_NamePratapgarh                                 -0.629 0.529089    
## Dist_NamePune                                       -0.288 0.773354    
## Dist_NamePuri                                       -1.336 0.181421    
## Dist_NamePurnea                                      1.089 0.276382    
## Dist_NamePurulia                                    -0.685 0.493655    
## `Dist_NameRae-Bareily`                              -0.489 0.624608    
## Dist_NameRaichur                                    -2.022 0.043202 *  
## Dist_NameRaigad                                     -0.060 0.951911    
## Dist_NameRaigarh                                    -1.496 0.134669    
## Dist_NameRaipur                                     -1.166 0.243706    
## Dist_NameRaisen                                     -0.774 0.439134    
## Dist_NameRajgarh                                    -1.581 0.113796    
## Dist_NameRajkot                                     -1.286 0.198559    
## Dist_NameRamananthapuram                             0.232 0.816367    
## Dist_NameRampur                                      0.233 0.815523    
## Dist_NameRanchi                                     -1.055 0.291225    
## Dist_NameRatlam                                     -0.524 0.599988    
## Dist_NameRatnagiri                                  -0.174 0.862256    
## Dist_NameRewa                                       -0.621 0.534770    
## Dist_NameRohtak                                      2.343 0.019160 *  
## `Dist_NameRoopnagar / Ropar`                         0.217 0.827986    
## `Dist_NameS.P.S. Nellore`                            1.122 0.261928    
## Dist_NameSabarkantha                                -0.205 0.837294    
## Dist_NameSagar                                      -2.119 0.034143 *  
## Dist_NameSaharanpur                                  2.553 0.010688 *  
## Dist_NameSaharsa                                    -0.951 0.341835    
## Dist_NameSalem                                       0.632 0.527088    
## Dist_NameSambalpur                                  -1.610 0.107344    
## Dist_NameSangli                                     -0.530 0.595791    
## Dist_NameSangrur                                     6.719 1.91e-11 ***
## `Dist_NameSanthal Paragana / Dumka`                 -0.934 0.350411    
## Dist_NameSaran                                      -0.289 0.772286    
## Dist_NameSatara                                     -0.487 0.626257    
## Dist_NameSatna                                      -0.727 0.467026    
## Dist_NameSehore                                     -1.211 0.225947    
## `Dist_NameSeoni / Shivani`                          -0.376 0.706787    
## `Dist_NameShahabad (now part of Bhojpur district)`   1.407 0.159470    
## Dist_NameShahdol                                    -1.210 0.226413    
## Dist_NameShahjahanpur                                1.312 0.189449    
## Dist_NameShajapur                                   -1.399 0.161738    
## Dist_NameShimla                                     -0.831 0.405916    
## Dist_NameShimoge                                     0.422 0.673257    
## Dist_NameShivpuri                                   -1.547 0.121960    
## Dist_NameSibsagar                                   -1.133 0.257116    
## Dist_NameSidhi                                      -0.880 0.378848    
## Dist_NameSikar                                      -1.079 0.280700    
## Dist_NameSinghbhum                                  -1.151 0.249749    
## Dist_NameSirmaur                                    -0.858 0.391000    
## Dist_NameSirohi                                     -0.490 0.624458    
## Dist_NameSitapur                                     1.259 0.208097    
## Dist_NameSolan                                      -0.923 0.356190    
## Dist_NameSolapur                                    -3.396 0.000687 ***
## `Dist_NameSouth Arcot / Cuddalore`                   3.197 0.001391 ** 
## Dist_NameSrikakulam                                  0.534 0.593278    
## Dist_NameSultanpur                                  -0.199 0.842625    
## Dist_NameSundargarh                                 -1.163 0.244664    
## Dist_NameSurat                                       0.645 0.519145    
## Dist_NameSurendranagar                              -1.862 0.062657 .  
## Dist_NameSurguja                                    -1.539 0.123740    
## `Dist_NameSwami Madhopur`                           -0.811 0.417148    
## `Dist_NameTehri Garhwal`                            -0.685 0.493551    
## Dist_NameThane                                      -0.682 0.495352    
## Dist_NameThanjavur                                   0.783 0.433392    
## `Dist_NameThe Nilgiris`                             -1.081 0.279578    
## Dist_NameThirunelveli                                0.051 0.959618    
## Dist_NameThiruvananthapuram                         -0.378 0.705426    
## Dist_NameThrissur                                   -0.608 0.543373    
## Dist_NameTikamgarh                                  -1.363 0.173050    
## `Dist_NameTiruchirapalli / Trichy`                   1.453 0.146370    
## Dist_NameTonk                                       -1.497 0.134367    
## Dist_NameTumkur                                     -0.773 0.439770    
## Dist_NameUdaipur                                    -0.765 0.444381    
## Dist_NameUjjain                                     -1.230 0.218776    
## Dist_NameUnnao                                      -0.588 0.556752    
## `Dist_NameUttar Kashi`                              -0.653 0.513791    
## `Dist_NameUttara Kannada`                           -0.010 0.991743    
## `Dist_NameVadodara / Baroda`                        -0.684 0.494026    
## Dist_NameValsad                                     -0.388 0.697954    
## Dist_NameVaranasi                                   -0.109 0.913070    
## Dist_NameVidisha                                    -1.871 0.061399 .  
## Dist_NameVisakhapatnam                               0.608 0.543409    
## Dist_NameWarangal                                    0.716 0.473856    
## Dist_NameWardha                                     -1.821 0.068584 .  
## `Dist_NameWest Dinajpur`                             0.402 0.687564    
## `Dist_NameWest Godavari`                             4.639 3.54e-06 ***
## Dist_NameYeotmal                                    -3.812 0.000138 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.3289 on 12280 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.7022, Adjusted R-squared:  0.6941 
## F-statistic: 86.94 on 333 and 12280 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

Model with interaction effect of Crop and Area

train_control <- trainControl(
  method = "cv",      # Use k-fold cross-validation
  number = 10         # Number of folds
)

set.seed(124) 
model <- train(PRODUCTION ~ AREA * Crop + Dist_Name, data = df,
                  method = "lm",  
                  trControl = train_control)
## Warning in predict.lm(modelFit, newdata): prediction from rank-deficient fit;
## attr(*, "non-estim") has doubtful cases
summary(model$finalModel)
## 
## Call:
## lm(formula = .outcome ~ ., data = dat)
## 
## Residuals:
##      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max 
## -2.62984 -0.03885  0.00025  0.03824  2.32087 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                                                      Estimate Std. Error
## (Intercept)                                         2.828e-02  3.040e-02
## AREA                                                8.978e-01  1.271e-01
## CropCASTOR                                         -3.255e-04  1.531e-02
## CropCHICKPEA                                        6.271e-03  1.278e-02
## CropCOTTON                                         -2.331e-03  1.530e-02
## CropFINGER_MILLET                                   4.514e-03  1.607e-02
## CropGROUNDNUT                                       1.529e-02  1.277e-02
## CropKHARIF_SORGHUM                                  1.032e-02  1.362e-02
## CropLINSEED                                         2.512e-02  1.528e-02
## CropMAIZE                                           1.117e-02  1.274e-02
## CropMINOR_PULSES                                    2.594e-03  1.261e-02
## CropOILSEEDS                                        7.589e-02  1.791e-02
## CropPEARL_MILLET                                    4.255e-02  1.359e-02
## CropPIGEONPEA                                      -2.542e-03  1.261e-02
## CropRABI_SORGHUM                                    3.341e-03  1.780e-02
## CropRAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD                           -8.075e-03  1.277e-02
## CropRICE                                            3.538e-02  1.351e-02
## CropSAFFLOWER                                       1.857e-02  1.927e-02
## CropSESAMUM                                         3.169e-03  1.269e-02
## CropSORGHUM                                         2.024e-02  1.308e-02
## CropSOYABEAN                                        1.954e-02  1.536e-02
## CropSUGARCANE                                      -1.921e-02  1.290e-02
## CropSUNFLOWER                                      -3.450e-03  1.417e-02
## CropWHEAT                                          -1.873e-01  1.378e-02
## Dist_NameAdilabad                                   8.448e-04  3.803e-02
## Dist_NameAgra                                       6.758e-05  3.886e-02
## Dist_NameAhmedabad                                 -6.404e-02  3.971e-02
## Dist_NameAhmednagar                                -7.785e-02  3.749e-02
## Dist_NameAjmer                                     -5.124e-02  3.920e-02
## Dist_NameAkola                                     -5.721e-02  3.859e-02
## Dist_NameAlappuzha                                 -2.352e-02  6.207e-02
## Dist_NameAligarh                                   -1.233e-02  3.945e-02
## Dist_NameAllahabad                                 -8.733e-02  3.945e-02
## Dist_NameAlmorah                                   -6.440e-02  4.242e-02
## Dist_NameAlwar                                      4.334e-02  3.932e-02
## Dist_NameAmarawati                                 -6.237e-02  3.931e-02
## Dist_NameAmbala                                     6.978e-02  4.699e-02
## Dist_NameAmreli                                     6.329e-03  4.212e-02
## Dist_NameAmritsar                                   1.406e-01  4.638e-02
## Dist_NameAnanthapur                                -1.048e-01  3.795e-02
## Dist_NameAurangabad                                -1.204e-01  3.792e-02
## Dist_NameAzamgarh                                  -9.976e-02  3.965e-02
## Dist_NameBahraich                                  -9.488e-02  3.886e-02
## Dist_NameBalaghat                                  -6.608e-02  4.217e-02
## Dist_NameBalasore                                  -2.985e-02  4.112e-02
## Dist_NameBallia                                    -5.447e-02  4.036e-02
## Dist_NameBanaskantha                                5.243e-02  4.054e-02
## Dist_NameBanda                                     -8.902e-02  3.907e-02
## Dist_NameBangalore                                 -3.019e-02  4.077e-02
## Dist_NameBankura                                    3.676e-03  4.167e-02
## Dist_NameBanswara                                  -8.798e-02  3.818e-02
## Dist_NameBarabanki                                 -3.563e-02  3.988e-02
## Dist_NameBareilly                                  -6.331e-02  3.967e-02
## Dist_NameBarmer                                    -1.651e-01  4.153e-02
## Dist_NameBastar                                    -1.525e-01  4.008e-02
## Dist_NameBasti                                     -9.758e-02  4.113e-02
## Dist_NameBeed                                      -1.271e-01  3.744e-02
## Dist_NameBelgaum                                   -3.259e-02  3.708e-02
## Dist_NameBellary                                    4.528e-03  3.802e-02
## Dist_NameBetul                                     -6.767e-02  4.013e-02
## Dist_NameBhagalpur                                 -1.392e-02  3.904e-02
## Dist_NameBhandara                                  -8.660e-02  4.203e-02
## Dist_NameBharatpur                                  2.963e-02  3.894e-02
## Dist_NameBharuch                                   -4.083e-02  3.820e-02
## Dist_NameBhatinda                                   2.955e-01  4.442e-02
## Dist_NameBhavnagar                                  2.013e-02  4.039e-02
## Dist_NameBhilwara                                  -7.746e-02  3.805e-02
## Dist_NameBhind                                      1.009e-02  4.091e-02
## Dist_NameBidar                                     -3.345e-02  3.748e-02
## `Dist_NameBijapur / Vijayapura`                    -7.990e-02  3.826e-02
## Dist_NameBijnor                                    -4.014e-02  4.541e-02
## Dist_NameBikaner                                   -3.421e-02  4.076e-02
## Dist_NameBilashpur                                 -3.961e-02  4.585e-02
## Dist_NameBilaspur                                  -8.693e-02  3.829e-02
## Dist_NameBirbhum                                    2.110e-02  3.940e-02
## Dist_NameBolangir                                  -4.466e-02  3.798e-02
## Dist_NameBombay                                    -4.026e-02  1.847e-01
## Dist_NameBudaun                                    -5.708e-02  3.967e-02
## `Dist_NameBuland Shahar`                           -1.860e-02  4.036e-02
## Dist_NameBuldhana                                  -5.590e-02  3.789e-02
## Dist_NameBundi                                     -2.113e-02  3.832e-02
## Dist_NameBurdwan                                    4.561e-02  4.080e-02
## Dist_NameCachar                                    -4.545e-02  4.234e-02
## Dist_NameChamba                                    -2.201e-02  4.987e-02
## Dist_NameChamoli                                   -4.218e-02  4.394e-02
## Dist_NameChamparan                                 -2.212e-01  4.038e-02
## Dist_NameChandrapur                                -9.168e-02  3.815e-02
## `Dist_NameChengalpattu MGR / Kanchipuram`           1.942e-02  4.061e-02
## Dist_NameChhatarpur                                -6.186e-02  3.912e-02
## Dist_NameChhindwara                                 3.691e-02  3.950e-02
## Dist_NameChickmagalur                              -3.696e-02  3.927e-02
## Dist_NameChitradurga                               -2.773e-02  3.751e-02
## Dist_NameChittoor                                  -1.304e-02  3.928e-02
## Dist_NameChittorgarh                               -5.108e-02  3.818e-02
## Dist_NameChuru                                     -1.118e-01  4.458e-02
## Dist_NameCoimbatore                                -1.626e-02  3.907e-02
## `Dist_NameCooch Behar`                              3.411e-04  4.345e-02
## Dist_NameCuttack                                   -4.446e-02  3.965e-02
## `Dist_NameDakshina Kannada`                        -2.493e-02  5.513e-02
## Dist_NameDamoh                                     -2.979e-02  3.926e-02
## Dist_NameDangs                                     -2.695e-02  4.208e-02
## Dist_NameDarbhanga                                 -1.063e-01  3.964e-02
## Dist_NameDarjeeling                                -2.447e-02  4.011e-02
## Dist_NameDarrang                                   -5.165e-02  4.268e-02
## Dist_NameDatia                                     -5.509e-02  4.039e-02
## Dist_NameDehradun                                  -3.024e-02  4.037e-02
## Dist_NameDeoria                                    -1.175e-01  4.013e-02
## Dist_NameDewas                                     -1.146e-02  4.213e-02
## Dist_NameDhanbad                                   -3.125e-02  4.528e-02
## Dist_NameDhar                                      -1.268e-02  3.993e-02
## Dist_NameDharwad                                   -1.018e-01  3.695e-02
## Dist_NameDhenkanal                                 -5.237e-02  4.038e-02
## Dist_NameDhule                                     -4.641e-02  3.721e-02
## Dist_NameDibrugarh                                 -4.040e-02  4.579e-02
## Dist_NameDungarpur                                 -5.943e-02  3.818e-02
## Dist_NameDurg                                      -2.026e-01  3.849e-02
## `Dist_NameEast Godavari`                            9.871e-02  3.849e-02
## Dist_NameEranakulam                                -3.454e-02  6.450e-02
## Dist_NameEtah                                      -2.765e-02  4.037e-02
## Dist_NameEtawah                                    -1.447e-02  3.966e-02
## Dist_NameFaizabad                                  -5.411e-02  4.011e-02
## Dist_NameFarrukhabad                               -3.696e-02  3.946e-02
## Dist_NameFatehpur                                  -5.735e-02  3.944e-02
## Dist_NameFerozpur                                   3.286e-01  4.215e-02
## Dist_NameGanganagar                                -2.182e-02  3.848e-02
## Dist_NameGanjam                                    -4.892e-02  3.800e-02
## Dist_NameGarhwal                                   -3.656e-02  4.241e-02
## Dist_NameGaya                                      -2.012e-02  4.009e-02
## Dist_NameGhazipur                                  -6.695e-02  3.944e-02
## Dist_NameGoalpara                                  -5.801e-02  4.234e-02
## Dist_NameGonda                                     -1.439e-01  4.143e-02
## Dist_NameGorakhpur                                 -9.039e-02  4.034e-02
## `Dist_NameGulbarga / Kalaburagi`                   -8.864e-03  3.768e-02
## Dist_NameGuna                                      -7.204e-02  4.123e-02
## Dist_NameGuntur                                     8.024e-02  3.745e-02
## Dist_NameGurdaspur                                  5.544e-02  4.635e-02
## Dist_NameGurgaon                                    1.528e-02  4.208e-02
## Dist_NameGwalior                                   -2.451e-02  4.089e-02
## Dist_NameHamirpur                                  -8.504e-02  3.874e-02
## Dist_NameHardoi                                    -6.966e-02  3.946e-02
## Dist_NameHassan                                    -1.942e-02  3.910e-02
## Dist_NameHazaribagh                                -8.101e-02  4.346e-02
## Dist_NameHissar                                     2.203e-01  4.145e-02
## Dist_NameHooghly                                    3.374e-02  4.307e-02
## Dist_NameHoshangabad                               -8.040e-03  4.015e-02
## Dist_NameHoshiarpur                                 4.077e-02  4.528e-02
## Dist_NameHowrah                                    -1.398e-02  4.430e-02
## Dist_NameHyderabad                                 -2.678e-02  3.730e-02
## Dist_NameIndore                                     1.044e-02  4.639e-02
## Dist_NameJabalpur                                  -4.380e-02  4.012e-02
## Dist_NameJaipur                                     6.163e-03  3.956e-02
## Dist_NameJaisalmer                                 -5.136e-02  4.208e-02
## Dist_NameJalandhar                                  1.266e-01  4.579e-02
## Dist_NameJalaun                                    -3.722e-02  3.947e-02
## Dist_NameJalgaon                                   -1.136e-02  3.878e-02
## Dist_NameJalore                                    -7.612e-02  4.042e-02
## Dist_NameJalpaiguri                                -2.447e-02  4.008e-02
## Dist_NameJamnagar                                  -2.564e-03  3.999e-02
## Dist_NameJaunpur                                   -7.968e-02  4.012e-02
## Dist_NameJhabua                                    -3.401e-02  3.968e-02
## Dist_NameJhalawar                                  -4.078e-02  3.869e-02
## Dist_NameJhansi                                    -1.062e-01  3.880e-02
## Dist_NameJhunjhunu                                  2.093e-04  4.393e-02
## Dist_NameJind                                       5.474e-02  4.908e-02
## Dist_NameJodhpur                                   -4.857e-02  4.052e-02
## Dist_NameJunagadh                                   1.902e-02  3.941e-02
## `Dist_NameKadapa YSR`                              -2.961e-02  3.729e-02
## Dist_NameKalahandi                                 -5.373e-02  3.713e-02
## Dist_NameKamrup                                    -5.601e-02  4.234e-02
## Dist_NameKangra                                    -1.231e-01  4.146e-02
## Dist_NameKannur                                    -4.588e-02  7.479e-02
## Dist_NameKanpur                                    -3.133e-02  3.850e-02
## Dist_NameKanyakumari                               -3.348e-02  6.208e-02
## Dist_NameKapurthala                                 8.535e-02  4.982e-02
## `Dist_NameKarbi Anglong`                           -4.995e-02  4.140e-02
## Dist_NameKarimnagar                                 4.270e-02  3.887e-02
## Dist_NameKarnal                                     2.056e-01  4.537e-02
## Dist_NameKeonjhar                                  -5.154e-02  3.784e-02
## Dist_NameKhammam                                    7.474e-03  4.061e-02
## `Dist_NameKhandwa / East Nimar`                    -4.270e-02  3.926e-02
## `Dist_NameKhargone / West Nimar`                    1.265e-02  3.873e-02
## Dist_NameKheda                                     -2.782e-02  3.817e-02
## Dist_NameKheri                                     -4.911e-02  4.023e-02
## Dist_NameKinnaur                                   -6.738e-03  5.174e-02
## `Dist_NameKodagu / Coorg`                          -4.037e-02  6.730e-02
## Dist_NameKolar                                     -3.571e-02  3.999e-02
## Dist_NameKolhapur                                   4.910e-02  3.949e-02
## Dist_NameKollam                                    -3.302e-02  6.002e-02
## Dist_NameKoraput                                   -5.614e-02  3.715e-02
## Dist_NameKota                                      -6.209e-03  3.874e-02
## Dist_NameKottayam                                  -3.003e-02  5.663e-02
## Dist_NameKozhikode                                 -4.612e-02  7.479e-02
## Dist_NameKrishna                                    8.015e-02  4.011e-02
## Dist_NameKullu                                     -3.172e-02  4.483e-02
## Dist_NameKurnool                                    9.215e-03  3.672e-02
## Dist_NameKutch                                      3.023e-03  4.070e-02
## `Dist_NameLahul & Spiti`                            7.441e-04  5.389e-02
## Dist_NameLakhimpur                                 -5.359e-02  4.235e-02
## Dist_NameLucknow                                   -4.495e-02  4.012e-02
## Dist_NameLudhiana                                   2.093e-01  4.528e-02
## Dist_NameMadurai                                    2.609e-02  3.888e-02
## Dist_NameMahabubnagar                              -6.920e-02  3.763e-02
## `Dist_NameMahendragarh / Narnaul`                   6.885e-02  4.121e-02
## Dist_NameMainpuri                                  -1.590e-02  3.946e-02
## Dist_NameMalappuram                                -4.493e-02  7.992e-02
## Dist_NameMalda                                      1.783e-02  4.170e-02
## Dist_NameMandi                                     -8.835e-02  4.242e-02
## Dist_NameMandla                                    -6.722e-02  4.062e-02
## Dist_NameMandsaur                                  -1.564e-02  4.213e-02
## Dist_NameMandya                                    -1.108e-02  4.243e-02
## Dist_NameMathura                                   -3.284e-02  4.036e-02
## Dist_NameMayurbhanja                               -6.845e-02  4.058e-02
## Dist_NameMedak                                     -1.176e-02  3.772e-02
## Dist_NameMeerut                                     1.201e-02  4.220e-02
## Dist_NameMehsana                                   -1.582e-02  3.952e-02
## Dist_NameMidnapur                                   8.238e-02  4.116e-02
## Dist_NameMirzpur                                   -7.926e-02  3.926e-02
## Dist_NameMoradabad                                 -7.053e-02  4.040e-02
## Dist_NameMorena                                     3.837e-02  3.993e-02
## Dist_NameMungair                                   -4.689e-02  3.868e-02
## Dist_NameMurshidabad                                1.185e-02  4.082e-02
## Dist_NameMuzaffarnagar                              1.906e-02  4.451e-02
## Dist_NameMuzaffarpur                               -1.425e-01  4.086e-02
## Dist_NameMysore                                    -2.451e-02  3.889e-02
## Dist_NameNadia                                      5.058e-03  4.139e-02
## Dist_NameNagaon                                    -3.826e-02  4.305e-02
## Dist_NameNagaur                                    -4.980e-02  4.006e-02
## Dist_NameNagpur                                    -8.199e-02  3.834e-02
## Dist_NameNainital                                  -5.577e-03  4.174e-02
## Dist_NameNalgonda                                   3.535e-03  3.888e-02
## Dist_NameNanded                                    -9.474e-02  3.844e-02
## Dist_NameNarsinghpur                               -3.006e-02  4.089e-02
## Dist_NameNasik                                     -2.793e-02  3.774e-02
## Dist_NameNizamabad                                  2.849e-02  3.799e-02
## `Dist_NameNorth Arcot / Vellore`                    4.724e-02  3.906e-02
## `Dist_NameNorth Cachar Hil / Dima hasao`           -3.874e-02  4.481e-02
## Dist_NameOsmanabad                                 -1.197e-01  3.746e-02
## Dist_NamePalakkad                                  -3.371e-02  4.480e-02
## Dist_NamePalamau                                   -8.312e-02  4.433e-02
## Dist_NamePali                                      -7.077e-02  3.913e-02
## Dist_NamePanchmahal                                -1.271e-01  3.856e-02
## Dist_NamePanna                                     -3.446e-02  4.089e-02
## Dist_NameParbhani                                  -9.869e-02  3.805e-02
## Dist_NamePatiala                                    1.733e-01  4.309e-02
## Dist_NamePatna                                     -2.611e-02  3.943e-02
## `Dist_NamePhulbani ( Kandhamal )`                  -4.436e-02  3.800e-02
## Dist_NamePilibhit                                  -4.760e-03  4.390e-02
## Dist_NamePithorgarh                                -4.293e-02  4.088e-02
## Dist_NamePratapgarh                                -6.850e-02  4.061e-02
## Dist_NamePune                                      -2.343e-03  3.841e-02
## Dist_NamePuri                                      -5.475e-02  3.831e-02
## Dist_NamePurnea                                     4.027e-02  4.114e-02
## Dist_NamePurulia                                   -3.576e-02  3.846e-02
## `Dist_NameRae-Bareily`                             -6.989e-02  3.903e-02
## Dist_NameRaichur                                   -2.258e-02  3.786e-02
## Dist_NameRaigad                                    -2.169e-02  4.829e-02
## Dist_NameRaigarh                                   -1.022e-01  3.942e-02
## Dist_NameRaipur                                    -1.294e-01  3.863e-02
## Dist_NameRaisen                                    -6.248e-02  4.393e-02
## Dist_NameRajgarh                                   -5.022e-02  4.150e-02
## Dist_NameRajkot                                     2.923e-02  3.938e-02
## Dist_NameRamananthapuram                           -3.403e-02  3.966e-02
## Dist_NameRampur                                    -3.848e-02  4.036e-02
## Dist_NameRanchi                                    -1.143e-01  4.305e-02
## Dist_NameRatlam                                    -1.912e-02  4.205e-02
## Dist_NameRatnagiri                                 -1.764e-02  4.528e-02
## Dist_NameRewa                                      -6.075e-02  3.972e-02
## Dist_NameRohtak                                     3.635e-02  4.089e-02
## `Dist_NameRoopnagar / Ropar`                        2.426e-02  4.389e-02
## `Dist_NameS.P.S. Nellore`                           4.153e-02  3.786e-02
## Dist_NameSabarkantha                               -4.114e-02  3.971e-02
## Dist_NameSagar                                     -6.911e-02  3.909e-02
## Dist_NameSaharanpur                                -9.270e-02  4.402e-02
## Dist_NameSaharsa                                   -6.121e-02  4.085e-02
## Dist_NameSalem                                      6.545e-02  3.842e-02
## Dist_NameSambalpur                                 -9.898e-02  3.830e-02
## Dist_NameSangli                                    -1.301e-02  3.774e-02
## Dist_NameSangrur                                    3.051e-01  4.310e-02
## `Dist_NameSanthal Paragana / Dumka`                -9.591e-02  4.307e-02
## Dist_NameSaran                                     -1.293e-01  4.061e-02
## Dist_NameSatara                                    -5.690e-03  3.730e-02
## Dist_NameSatna                                     -3.476e-02  4.039e-02
## Dist_NameSehore                                    -6.122e-02  4.043e-02
## `Dist_NameSeoni / Shivani`                         -7.574e-02  4.205e-02
## `Dist_NameShahabad (now part of Bhojpur district)` -3.132e-02  4.035e-02
## Dist_NameShahdol                                   -9.603e-02  3.970e-02
## Dist_NameShahjahanpur                              -1.742e-02  3.945e-02
## Dist_NameShajapur                                  -3.675e-02  4.150e-02
## Dist_NameShimla                                    -2.627e-02  4.585e-02
## Dist_NameShimoge                                   -2.284e-02  4.116e-02
## Dist_NameShivpuri                                  -6.134e-02  4.014e-02
## Dist_NameSibsagar                                  -5.219e-02  4.346e-02
## Dist_NameSidhi                                     -6.291e-02  3.997e-02
## Dist_NameSikar                                     -1.232e-02  4.247e-02
## Dist_NameSinghbhum                                 -1.050e-01  4.348e-02
## Dist_NameSirmaur                                   -3.807e-02  4.176e-02
## Dist_NameSirohi                                    -4.469e-02  4.062e-02
## Dist_NameSitapur                                   -8.906e-02  3.969e-02
## Dist_NameSolan                                     -3.448e-02  4.393e-02
## Dist_NameSolapur                                   -9.891e-02  3.758e-02
## `Dist_NameSouth Arcot / Cuddalore`                  1.341e-01  3.968e-02
## Dist_NameSrikakulam                                -1.210e-02  3.924e-02
## Dist_NameSultanpur                                 -5.205e-02  3.903e-02
## Dist_NameSundargarh                                -6.082e-02  3.799e-02
## Dist_NameSurat                                     -3.487e-02  3.819e-02
## Dist_NameSurendranagar                             -9.103e-03  3.932e-02
## Dist_NameSurguja                                   -1.135e-01  3.904e-02
## `Dist_NameSwami Madhopur`                           2.860e-03  3.932e-02
## `Dist_NameTehri Garhwal`                           -3.616e-02  4.314e-02
## Dist_NameThane                                     -2.630e-02  4.348e-02
## Dist_NameThanjavur                                  1.838e-02  3.924e-02
## `Dist_NameThe Nilgiris`                            -5.807e-02  9.583e-02
## Dist_NameThirunelveli                              -1.071e-02  3.968e-02
## Dist_NameThiruvananthapuram                        -4.732e-02  7.997e-02
## Dist_NameThrissur                                  -3.258e-02  9.579e-02
## Dist_NameTikamgarh                                 -5.963e-02  4.012e-02
## `Dist_NameTiruchirapalli / Trichy`                  6.677e-02  3.888e-02
## Dist_NameTonk                                      -2.892e-02  3.894e-02
## Dist_NameTumkur                                    -4.873e-02  3.864e-02
## Dist_NameUdaipur                                   -1.017e-01  3.776e-02
## Dist_NameUjjain                                    -1.669e-02  4.361e-02
## Dist_NameUnnao                                     -8.843e-02  3.924e-02
## `Dist_NameUttar Kashi`                             -2.695e-02  4.314e-02
## `Dist_NameUttara Kannada`                          -4.609e-02  4.902e-02
## `Dist_NameVadodara / Baroda`                       -2.889e-02  3.820e-02
## Dist_NameValsad                                    -2.621e-02  4.062e-02
## Dist_NameVaranasi                                  -5.930e-02  3.965e-02
## Dist_NameVidisha                                   -6.595e-02  4.214e-02
## Dist_NameVisakhapatnam                             -3.367e-02  3.945e-02
## Dist_NameWarangal                                   3.774e-02  3.908e-02
## Dist_NameWardha                                    -2.547e-02  4.118e-02
## `Dist_NameWest Dinajpur`                            2.944e-02  4.140e-02
## `Dist_NameWest Godavari`                            2.711e-01  3.964e-02
## Dist_NameYeotmal                                   -7.444e-02  4.001e-02
## `AREA:CropCASTOR`                                  -3.359e-01  1.365e-01
## `AREA:CropCHICKPEA`                                -6.202e-01  1.276e-01
## `AREA:CropCOTTON`                                  -8.026e-01  1.273e-01
## `AREA:CropFINGER_MILLET`                           -4.744e-01  1.350e-01
## `AREA:CropGROUNDNUT`                               -5.183e-01  1.278e-01
## `AREA:CropKHARIF_SORGHUM`                          -6.835e-01  1.339e-01
## `AREA:CropLINSEED`                                 -6.464e-01  3.108e-01
## `AREA:CropMAIZE`                                   -8.136e-02  1.279e-01
## `AREA:CropMINOR_PULSES`                            -7.341e-01  1.273e-01
## `AREA:CropOILSEEDS`                                -6.930e-01  1.274e-01
## `AREA:CropPEARL_MILLET`                            -6.771e-01  1.273e-01
## `AREA:CropPIGEONPEA`                               -6.156e-01  1.284e-01
## `AREA:CropRABI_SORGHUM`                            -7.345e-01  1.277e-01
## `AREA:CropRAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD`                    -4.896e-01  1.277e-01
## `AREA:CropRICE`                                    -2.196e-01  1.272e-01
## `AREA:CropSAFFLOWER`                               -4.928e-01  3.413e-01
## `AREA:CropSESAMUM`                                 -7.708e-01  1.368e-01
## `AREA:CropSORGHUM`                                 -7.344e-01  1.275e-01
## `AREA:CropSOYABEAN`                                -6.406e-01  1.274e-01
## `AREA:CropSUGARCANE`                                1.211e+00  1.286e-01
## `AREA:CropSUNFLOWER`                               -6.839e-01  1.726e-01
## `AREA:CropWHEAT`                                    2.307e-01  1.272e-01
##                                                    t value Pr(>|t|)    
## (Intercept)                                          0.930 0.352292    
## AREA                                                 7.064 1.70e-12 ***
## CropCASTOR                                          -0.021 0.983034    
## CropCHICKPEA                                         0.491 0.623684    
## CropCOTTON                                          -0.152 0.878929    
## CropFINGER_MILLET                                    0.281 0.778831    
## CropGROUNDNUT                                        1.198 0.231085    
## CropKHARIF_SORGHUM                                   0.758 0.448666    
## CropLINSEED                                          1.644 0.100176    
## CropMAIZE                                            0.876 0.380923    
## CropMINOR_PULSES                                     0.206 0.837007    
## CropOILSEEDS                                         4.237 2.28e-05 ***
## CropPEARL_MILLET                                     3.132 0.001743 ** 
## CropPIGEONPEA                                       -0.202 0.840256    
## CropRABI_SORGHUM                                     0.188 0.851096    
## CropRAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD                            -0.632 0.527173    
## CropRICE                                             2.619 0.008826 ** 
## CropSAFFLOWER                                        0.964 0.335268    
## CropSESAMUM                                          0.250 0.802854    
## CropSORGHUM                                          1.548 0.121729    
## CropSOYABEAN                                         1.273 0.203170    
## CropSUGARCANE                                       -1.489 0.136489    
## CropSUNFLOWER                                       -0.243 0.807711    
## CropWHEAT                                          -13.596  < 2e-16 ***
## Dist_NameAdilabad                                    0.022 0.982277    
## Dist_NameAgra                                        0.002 0.998612    
## Dist_NameAhmedabad                                  -1.613 0.106797    
## Dist_NameAhmednagar                                 -2.077 0.037841 *  
## Dist_NameAjmer                                      -1.307 0.191235    
## Dist_NameAkola                                      -1.482 0.138276    
## Dist_NameAlappuzha                                  -0.379 0.704794    
## Dist_NameAligarh                                    -0.312 0.754674    
## Dist_NameAllahabad                                  -2.214 0.026853 *  
## Dist_NameAlmorah                                    -1.518 0.128993    
## Dist_NameAlwar                                       1.102 0.270392    
## Dist_NameAmarawati                                  -1.587 0.112619    
## Dist_NameAmbala                                      1.485 0.137570    
## Dist_NameAmreli                                      0.150 0.880553    
## Dist_NameAmritsar                                    3.031 0.002442 ** 
## Dist_NameAnanthapur                                 -2.761 0.005780 ** 
## Dist_NameAurangabad                                 -3.174 0.001505 ** 
## Dist_NameAzamgarh                                   -2.516 0.011890 *  
## Dist_NameBahraich                                   -2.442 0.014624 *  
## Dist_NameBalaghat                                   -1.567 0.117194    
## Dist_NameBalasore                                   -0.726 0.467872    
## Dist_NameBallia                                     -1.350 0.177165    
## Dist_NameBanaskantha                                 1.293 0.195942    
## Dist_NameBanda                                      -2.278 0.022719 *  
## Dist_NameBangalore                                  -0.740 0.459014    
## Dist_NameBankura                                     0.088 0.929717    
## Dist_NameBanswara                                   -2.305 0.021206 *  
## Dist_NameBarabanki                                  -0.894 0.371562    
## Dist_NameBareilly                                   -1.596 0.110512    
## Dist_NameBarmer                                     -3.976 7.06e-05 ***
## Dist_NameBastar                                     -3.806 0.000142 ***
## Dist_NameBasti                                      -2.372 0.017688 *  
## Dist_NameBeed                                       -3.395 0.000689 ***
## Dist_NameBelgaum                                    -0.879 0.379446    
## Dist_NameBellary                                     0.119 0.905203    
## Dist_NameBetul                                      -1.686 0.091762 .  
## Dist_NameBhagalpur                                  -0.357 0.721418    
## Dist_NameBhandara                                   -2.060 0.039374 *  
## Dist_NameBharatpur                                   0.761 0.446688    
## Dist_NameBharuch                                    -1.069 0.285126    
## Dist_NameBhatinda                                    6.652 3.01e-11 ***
## Dist_NameBhavnagar                                   0.498 0.618196    
## Dist_NameBhilwara                                   -2.036 0.041804 *  
## Dist_NameBhind                                       0.247 0.805094    
## Dist_NameBidar                                      -0.892 0.372155    
## `Dist_NameBijapur / Vijayapura`                     -2.089 0.036763 *  
## Dist_NameBijnor                                     -0.884 0.376786    
## Dist_NameBikaner                                    -0.839 0.401257    
## Dist_NameBilashpur                                  -0.864 0.387654    
## Dist_NameBilaspur                                   -2.270 0.023214 *  
## Dist_NameBirbhum                                     0.535 0.592351    
## Dist_NameBolangir                                   -1.176 0.239652    
## Dist_NameBombay                                     -0.218 0.827457    
## Dist_NameBudaun                                     -1.439 0.150218    
## `Dist_NameBuland Shahar`                            -0.461 0.644949    
## Dist_NameBuldhana                                   -1.475 0.140173    
## Dist_NameBundi                                      -0.551 0.581339    
## Dist_NameBurdwan                                     1.118 0.263728    
## Dist_NameCachar                                     -1.074 0.283025    
## Dist_NameChamba                                     -0.441 0.658995    
## Dist_NameChamoli                                    -0.960 0.337135    
## Dist_NameChamparan                                  -5.478 4.39e-08 ***
## Dist_NameChandrapur                                 -2.403 0.016270 *  
## `Dist_NameChengalpattu MGR / Kanchipuram`            0.478 0.632462    
## Dist_NameChhatarpur                                 -1.581 0.113863    
## Dist_NameChhindwara                                  0.935 0.350056    
## Dist_NameChickmagalur                               -0.941 0.346669    
## Dist_NameChitradurga                                -0.739 0.459681    
## Dist_NameChittoor                                   -0.332 0.739932    
## Dist_NameChittorgarh                                -1.338 0.180969    
## Dist_NameChuru                                      -2.509 0.012118 *  
## Dist_NameCoimbatore                                 -0.416 0.677326    
## `Dist_NameCooch Behar`                               0.008 0.993737    
## Dist_NameCuttack                                    -1.121 0.262152    
## `Dist_NameDakshina Kannada`                         -0.452 0.651099    
## Dist_NameDamoh                                      -0.759 0.447899    
## Dist_NameDangs                                      -0.641 0.521801    
## Dist_NameDarbhanga                                  -2.683 0.007305 ** 
## Dist_NameDarjeeling                                 -0.610 0.541713    
## Dist_NameDarrang                                    -1.210 0.226317    
## Dist_NameDatia                                      -1.364 0.172542    
## Dist_NameDehradun                                   -0.749 0.453752    
## Dist_NameDeoria                                     -2.929 0.003405 ** 
## Dist_NameDewas                                      -0.272 0.785632    
## Dist_NameDhanbad                                    -0.690 0.490013    
## Dist_NameDhar                                       -0.318 0.750772    
## Dist_NameDharwad                                    -2.755 0.005873 ** 
## Dist_NameDhenkanal                                  -1.297 0.194668    
## Dist_NameDhule                                      -1.247 0.212352    
## Dist_NameDibrugarh                                  -0.882 0.377532    
## Dist_NameDungarpur                                  -1.557 0.119588    
## Dist_NameDurg                                       -5.264 1.43e-07 ***
## `Dist_NameEast Godavari`                             2.564 0.010354 *  
## Dist_NameEranakulam                                 -0.536 0.592310    
## Dist_NameEtah                                       -0.685 0.493413    
## Dist_NameEtawah                                     -0.365 0.715301    
## Dist_NameFaizabad                                   -1.349 0.177313    
## Dist_NameFarrukhabad                                -0.937 0.348957    
## Dist_NameFatehpur                                   -1.454 0.145958    
## Dist_NameFerozpur                                    7.794 7.02e-15 ***
## Dist_NameGanganagar                                 -0.567 0.570767    
## Dist_NameGanjam                                     -1.287 0.197986    
## Dist_NameGarhwal                                    -0.862 0.388765    
## Dist_NameGaya                                       -0.502 0.615779    
## Dist_NameGhazipur                                   -1.698 0.089622 .  
## Dist_NameGoalpara                                   -1.370 0.170680    
## Dist_NameGonda                                      -3.474 0.000515 ***
## Dist_NameGorakhpur                                  -2.241 0.025060 *  
## `Dist_NameGulbarga / Kalaburagi`                    -0.235 0.814007    
## Dist_NameGuna                                       -1.747 0.080633 .  
## Dist_NameGuntur                                      2.143 0.032152 *  
## Dist_NameGurdaspur                                   1.196 0.231684    
## Dist_NameGurgaon                                     0.363 0.716531    
## Dist_NameGwalior                                    -0.599 0.548936    
## Dist_NameHamirpur                                   -2.195 0.028181 *  
## Dist_NameHardoi                                     -1.765 0.077506 .  
## Dist_NameHassan                                     -0.497 0.619504    
## Dist_NameHazaribagh                                 -1.864 0.062333 .  
## Dist_NameHissar                                      5.314 1.09e-07 ***
## Dist_NameHooghly                                     0.783 0.433351    
## Dist_NameHoshangabad                                -0.200 0.841303    
## Dist_NameHoshiarpur                                  0.900 0.367909    
## Dist_NameHowrah                                     -0.316 0.752360    
## Dist_NameHyderabad                                  -0.718 0.472837    
## Dist_NameIndore                                      0.225 0.821904    
## Dist_NameJabalpur                                   -1.092 0.274899    
## Dist_NameJaipur                                      0.156 0.876195    
## Dist_NameJaisalmer                                  -1.221 0.222264    
## Dist_NameJalandhar                                   2.765 0.005696 ** 
## Dist_NameJalaun                                     -0.943 0.345747    
## Dist_NameJalgaon                                    -0.293 0.769668    
## Dist_NameJalore                                     -1.883 0.059718 .  
## Dist_NameJalpaiguri                                 -0.611 0.541435    
## Dist_NameJamnagar                                   -0.064 0.948873    
## Dist_NameJaunpur                                    -1.986 0.047027 *  
## Dist_NameJhabua                                     -0.857 0.391518    
## Dist_NameJhalawar                                   -1.054 0.291887    
## Dist_NameJhansi                                     -2.737 0.006218 ** 
## Dist_NameJhunjhunu                                   0.005 0.996198    
## Dist_NameJind                                        1.115 0.264701    
## Dist_NameJodhpur                                    -1.199 0.230638    
## Dist_NameJunagadh                                    0.483 0.629383    
## `Dist_NameKadapa YSR`                               -0.794 0.427118    
## Dist_NameKalahandi                                  -1.447 0.147931    
## Dist_NameKamrup                                     -1.323 0.185892    
## Dist_NameKangra                                     -2.968 0.003001 ** 
## Dist_NameKannur                                     -0.614 0.539533    
## Dist_NameKanpur                                     -0.814 0.415765    
## Dist_NameKanyakumari                                -0.539 0.589629    
## Dist_NameKapurthala                                  1.713 0.086719 .  
## `Dist_NameKarbi Anglong`                            -1.207 0.227628    
## Dist_NameKarimnagar                                  1.099 0.271950    
## Dist_NameKarnal                                      4.531 5.92e-06 ***
## Dist_NameKeonjhar                                   -1.362 0.173172    
## Dist_NameKhammam                                     0.184 0.853993    
## `Dist_NameKhandwa / East Nimar`                     -1.088 0.276709    
## `Dist_NameKhargone / West Nimar`                     0.327 0.743902    
## Dist_NameKheda                                      -0.729 0.465998    
## Dist_NameKheri                                      -1.221 0.222206    
## Dist_NameKinnaur                                    -0.130 0.896398    
## `Dist_NameKodagu / Coorg`                           -0.600 0.548566    
## Dist_NameKolar                                      -0.893 0.371893    
## Dist_NameKolhapur                                    1.243 0.213730    
## Dist_NameKollam                                     -0.550 0.582172    
## Dist_NameKoraput                                    -1.511 0.130814    
## Dist_NameKota                                       -0.160 0.872657    
## Dist_NameKottayam                                   -0.530 0.595923    
## Dist_NameKozhikode                                  -0.617 0.537437    
## Dist_NameKrishna                                     1.998 0.045737 *  
## Dist_NameKullu                                      -0.708 0.479269    
## Dist_NameKurnool                                     0.251 0.801836    
## Dist_NameKutch                                       0.074 0.940802    
## `Dist_NameLahul & Spiti`                             0.014 0.988984    
## Dist_NameLakhimpur                                  -1.265 0.205754    
## Dist_NameLucknow                                    -1.120 0.262588    
## Dist_NameLudhiana                                    4.623 3.83e-06 ***
## Dist_NameMadurai                                     0.671 0.502142    
## Dist_NameMahabubnagar                               -1.839 0.065959 .  
## `Dist_NameMahendragarh / Narnaul`                    1.670 0.094852 .  
## Dist_NameMainpuri                                   -0.403 0.686975    
## Dist_NameMalappuram                                 -0.562 0.574022    
## Dist_NameMalda                                       0.428 0.668960    
## Dist_NameMandi                                      -2.083 0.037293 *  
## Dist_NameMandla                                     -1.655 0.098019 .  
## Dist_NameMandsaur                                   -0.371 0.710400    
## Dist_NameMandya                                     -0.261 0.793967    
## Dist_NameMathura                                    -0.814 0.415878    
## Dist_NameMayurbhanja                                -1.687 0.091692 .  
## Dist_NameMedak                                      -0.312 0.755163    
## Dist_NameMeerut                                      0.285 0.775899    
## Dist_NameMehsana                                    -0.400 0.688982    
## Dist_NameMidnapur                                    2.001 0.045381 *  
## Dist_NameMirzpur                                    -2.019 0.043523 *  
## Dist_NameMoradabad                                  -1.746 0.080857 .  
## Dist_NameMorena                                      0.961 0.336599    
## Dist_NameMungair                                    -1.212 0.225449    
## Dist_NameMurshidabad                                 0.290 0.771697    
## Dist_NameMuzaffarnagar                               0.428 0.668480    
## Dist_NameMuzaffarpur                                -3.487 0.000490 ***
## Dist_NameMysore                                     -0.630 0.528543    
## Dist_NameNadia                                       0.122 0.902729    
## Dist_NameNagaon                                     -0.889 0.374244    
## Dist_NameNagaur                                     -1.243 0.213857    
## Dist_NameNagpur                                     -2.138 0.032515 *  
## Dist_NameNainital                                   -0.134 0.893715    
## Dist_NameNalgonda                                    0.091 0.927559    
## Dist_NameNanded                                     -2.465 0.013720 *  
## Dist_NameNarsinghpur                                -0.735 0.462188    
## Dist_NameNasik                                      -0.740 0.459329    
## Dist_NameNizamabad                                   0.750 0.453252    
## `Dist_NameNorth Arcot / Vellore`                     1.209 0.226534    
## `Dist_NameNorth Cachar Hil / Dima hasao`            -0.865 0.387252    
## Dist_NameOsmanabad                                  -3.196 0.001397 ** 
## Dist_NamePalakkad                                   -0.752 0.451777    
## Dist_NamePalamau                                    -1.875 0.060801 .  
## Dist_NamePali                                       -1.808 0.070562 .  
## Dist_NamePanchmahal                                 -3.296 0.000982 ***
## Dist_NamePanna                                      -0.843 0.399263    
## Dist_NameParbhani                                   -2.594 0.009510 ** 
## Dist_NamePatiala                                     4.023 5.77e-05 ***
## Dist_NamePatna                                      -0.662 0.507860    
## `Dist_NamePhulbani ( Kandhamal )`                   -1.167 0.243111    
## Dist_NamePilibhit                                   -0.108 0.913656    
## Dist_NamePithorgarh                                 -1.050 0.293679    
## Dist_NamePratapgarh                                 -1.687 0.091699 .  
## Dist_NamePune                                       -0.061 0.951358    
## Dist_NamePuri                                       -1.429 0.152983    
## Dist_NamePurnea                                      0.979 0.327705    
## Dist_NamePurulia                                    -0.930 0.352532    
## `Dist_NameRae-Bareily`                              -1.790 0.073418 .  
## Dist_NameRaichur                                    -0.596 0.550893    
## Dist_NameRaigad                                     -0.449 0.653354    
## Dist_NameRaigarh                                    -2.592 0.009543 ** 
## Dist_NameRaipur                                     -3.349 0.000813 ***
## Dist_NameRaisen                                     -1.422 0.154930    
## Dist_NameRajgarh                                    -1.210 0.226227    
## Dist_NameRajkot                                      0.742 0.457972    
## Dist_NameRamananthapuram                            -0.858 0.390943    
## Dist_NameRampur                                     -0.953 0.340430    
## Dist_NameRanchi                                     -2.655 0.007939 ** 
## Dist_NameRatlam                                     -0.455 0.649292    
## Dist_NameRatnagiri                                  -0.390 0.696872    
## Dist_NameRewa                                       -1.529 0.126200    
## Dist_NameRohtak                                      0.889 0.374019    
## `Dist_NameRoopnagar / Ropar`                         0.553 0.580494    
## `Dist_NameS.P.S. Nellore`                            1.097 0.272676    
## Dist_NameSabarkantha                                -1.036 0.300217    
## Dist_NameSagar                                      -1.768 0.077095 .  
## Dist_NameSaharanpur                                 -2.106 0.035224 *  
## Dist_NameSaharsa                                    -1.498 0.134112    
## Dist_NameSalem                                       1.704 0.088474 .  
## Dist_NameSambalpur                                  -2.584 0.009773 ** 
## Dist_NameSangli                                     -0.345 0.730267    
## Dist_NameSangrur                                     7.079 1.53e-12 ***
## `Dist_NameSanthal Paragana / Dumka`                 -2.227 0.025983 *  
## Dist_NameSaran                                      -3.184 0.001457 ** 
## Dist_NameSatara                                     -0.153 0.878775    
## Dist_NameSatna                                      -0.861 0.389435    
## Dist_NameSehore                                     -1.514 0.129981    
## `Dist_NameSeoni / Shivani`                          -1.801 0.071689 .  
## `Dist_NameShahabad (now part of Bhojpur district)`  -0.776 0.437716    
## Dist_NameShahdol                                    -2.419 0.015596 *  
## Dist_NameShahjahanpur                               -0.441 0.658905    
## Dist_NameShajapur                                   -0.886 0.375883    
## Dist_NameShimla                                     -0.573 0.566683    
## Dist_NameShimoge                                    -0.555 0.578954    
## Dist_NameShivpuri                                   -1.528 0.126488    
## Dist_NameSibsagar                                   -1.201 0.229791    
## Dist_NameSidhi                                      -1.574 0.115509    
## Dist_NameSikar                                      -0.290 0.771700    
## Dist_NameSinghbhum                                  -2.415 0.015736 *  
## Dist_NameSirmaur                                    -0.912 0.362016    
## Dist_NameSirohi                                     -1.100 0.271275    
## Dist_NameSitapur                                    -2.244 0.024853 *  
## Dist_NameSolan                                      -0.785 0.432513    
## Dist_NameSolapur                                    -2.632 0.008497 ** 
## `Dist_NameSouth Arcot / Cuddalore`                   3.379 0.000731 ***
## Dist_NameSrikakulam                                 -0.308 0.757797    
## Dist_NameSultanpur                                  -1.333 0.182448    
## Dist_NameSundargarh                                 -1.601 0.109427    
## Dist_NameSurat                                      -0.913 0.361144    
## Dist_NameSurendranagar                              -0.231 0.816931    
## Dist_NameSurguja                                    -2.908 0.003643 ** 
## `Dist_NameSwami Madhopur`                            0.073 0.942021    
## `Dist_NameTehri Garhwal`                            -0.838 0.401894    
## Dist_NameThane                                      -0.605 0.545304    
## Dist_NameThanjavur                                   0.468 0.639561    
## `Dist_NameThe Nilgiris`                             -0.606 0.544499    
## Dist_NameThirunelveli                               -0.270 0.787255    
## Dist_NameThiruvananthapuram                         -0.592 0.554010    
## Dist_NameThrissur                                   -0.340 0.733770    
## Dist_NameTikamgarh                                  -1.486 0.137206    
## `Dist_NameTiruchirapalli / Trichy`                   1.717 0.085985 .  
## Dist_NameTonk                                       -0.743 0.457706    
## Dist_NameTumkur                                     -1.261 0.207336    
## Dist_NameUdaipur                                    -2.694 0.007063 ** 
## Dist_NameUjjain                                     -0.383 0.701997    
## Dist_NameUnnao                                      -2.254 0.024240 *  
## `Dist_NameUttar Kashi`                              -0.625 0.532083    
## `Dist_NameUttara Kannada`                           -0.940 0.347091    
## `Dist_NameVadodara / Baroda`                        -0.756 0.449564    
## Dist_NameValsad                                     -0.645 0.518798    
## Dist_NameVaranasi                                   -1.496 0.134786    
## Dist_NameVidisha                                    -1.565 0.117596    
## Dist_NameVisakhapatnam                              -0.854 0.393316    
## Dist_NameWarangal                                    0.966 0.334176    
## Dist_NameWardha                                     -0.618 0.536274    
## `Dist_NameWest Dinajpur`                             0.711 0.476953    
## `Dist_NameWest Godavari`                             6.838 8.39e-12 ***
## Dist_NameYeotmal                                    -1.860 0.062847 .  
## `AREA:CropCASTOR`                                   -2.460 0.013892 *  
## `AREA:CropCHICKPEA`                                 -4.861 1.18e-06 ***
## `AREA:CropCOTTON`                                   -6.303 3.01e-10 ***
## `AREA:CropFINGER_MILLET`                            -3.513 0.000444 ***
## `AREA:CropGROUNDNUT`                                -4.056 5.03e-05 ***
## `AREA:CropKHARIF_SORGHUM`                           -5.105 3.36e-07 ***
## `AREA:CropLINSEED`                                  -2.080 0.037547 *  
## `AREA:CropMAIZE`                                    -0.636 0.524831    
## `AREA:CropMINOR_PULSES`                             -5.767 8.27e-09 ***
## `AREA:CropOILSEEDS`                                 -5.438 5.50e-08 ***
## `AREA:CropPEARL_MILLET`                             -5.320 1.06e-07 ***
## `AREA:CropPIGEONPEA`                                -4.794 1.65e-06 ***
## `AREA:CropRABI_SORGHUM`                             -5.754 8.93e-09 ***
## `AREA:CropRAPESEED_AND_MUSTARD`                     -3.833 0.000127 ***
## `AREA:CropRICE`                                     -1.727 0.084270 .  
## `AREA:CropSAFFLOWER`                                -1.444 0.148812    
## `AREA:CropSESAMUM`                                  -5.634 1.80e-08 ***
## `AREA:CropSORGHUM`                                  -5.759 8.64e-09 ***
## `AREA:CropSOYABEAN`                                 -5.028 5.02e-07 ***
## `AREA:CropSUGARCANE`                                 9.418  < 2e-16 ***
## `AREA:CropSUNFLOWER`                                -3.962 7.49e-05 ***
## `AREA:CropWHEAT`                                     1.814 0.069650 .  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Residual standard error: 0.1823 on 12258 degrees of freedom
## Multiple R-squared:  0.9086, Adjusted R-squared:  0.906 
## F-statistic: 343.4 on 355 and 12258 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16

Conclusion:

Based on the Results of the Model. This data set is best suitable for predicting the production of the Crop based on other features. The best Model for predicting the production of the Crop is Regression Model with the interaction effect of the Crop and Area this is the most well fitted model when compared to the other models. The GLM model is better than the simple MLR model but not as good as the model with interaction effect.

The other Logistic Regression model where we tried to predict the Crop based on the other variables had an accuracy of 3.5% which is very worse this can be explained as there is no additional information for predicting the Crop may be adding environment data which would yield a better Model.

Completing the course objectives:

This project effectively tackles the goals of the course by blending various statistical modeling techniques and data analysis methods. It builds on probability theory as the basis for statistical models, employing tools like generalized linear models (GLMs) and maximum likelihood estimation to create and evaluate these models accurately.

Depending on the nature of the data, different GLMs are applied - like linear regression for continuous outcomes or multinomial logistic regression for categorical outcomes - showing an ability to choose and apply suitable modeling approaches based on specific data scenarios.

Additionally, the project employed robust model selection methods such as cross-validation and performance metrics like Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and AIC, ensuring the selection of the most effective model from a pool of candidates. The results generated by these models are presented clearly through well-designed visualizations and concise summaries, making statistical insights understandable even to those without a deep statistical background.

Finally, the project demonstrates adeptness in using programming tools like R for data manipulation, model building, and evaluation, which perfectly aligns with the course’s focus on practical and theoretical statistical skills.

References:

  1. Data Extracted form ICRISAT website.

    Link: “http://data.icrisat.org/dld/src/crops.html”

  2. R Graph Gallery for Graphs.

    Link: “https://r-graph-gallery.com/”