1. Use integration by substitution to solve the integral below.   4e7x dx

\(\int 4e^{-7x} \, dx\)

Using U substitution

\[ \int 4e^{u} \, dx \]

\[ u = -7x \]

\[ du = -7dx \]

\[ dx = -\frac{du}{7} \]

Substituting the variables \[ \int 4e^{u} \, dx \]

\[ \int 4e^{u} \, \left(-\frac{du}{7}\right) \]

\[ -\frac{4}{7} e^{-7} + C \]

  1. Biologists are treating a pond contaminated with bacteria. The level of contamination is changing at a rate of dN dt =  3150 t 4  220 bacteria per cubic centimeter per day, where t is the number of days since treatment began. Find a function N( t ) to estimate the level of contamination if the level after 1 day was 6530 bacteria per cubic centimeter.

To find the function \(N(t)\), we integrate the rate of change of contamination with respect to time: \[ \int \frac{dN}{dt} \, dt = \int (-3150t^4 - 220) \, dt \]

Integrating both sides: \[ N(t) = -\frac{3150}{5}t^5 - 220t + C \]

The level after 1 day is 6530 bacteria per cubic centimeter, we can use this information to find the value of the constant \(C\): \[ N(1) = -\frac{3150}{5}(1)^5 - 220(1) + C = 6530 \]

Solving for \(C\): \[ -315 - 220 + C = 6530 \\ C = 6530 + 315 + 220 \\ C = 7065 \]

Therefore, the function \(N(t)\) to estimate the level of contamination is: \[ N(t) = -\frac{3150}{5}t^5 - 220t + 7065 \]

  1. Find the total area of the red rectangles in the figure below, where the equation of the line is f ( x ) = 2x  9.

Total Area = _{4.5}^{8.5} (2x - 9) , dx

To find the area, we will integrate

\[ Total Area = \int_{4.5}^{8.5} (2x - 9) \, dx \] \[ Total Area = [x^2 - 9x]_{4.5}^{8.5} \] \[ Total Area = [(8.5)^2 - 9(8.5)] - [(4.5)^2 - 9(4.5)] \] \[ Total Area = −4.25 + 20.25 \] \[ Total Area = 16 \]

  1. Find the area of the region bounded by the graphs of the given equations. y = x^2 - 2x - 2, y = x + 2

\[ x^2 - 2x - 2 = x + 2x^2 - 3x - 4 = 0 \]

\[ (x - 4)(x + 1) = 0 \]

\[ x = 4 \quad \text{and} \quad x = -1 \]

The points of intersection are \(x = -1\) and \(x = 4\). \(x = -1\) is the lower limit (\(a\)) and \(x = 4\) is the upper limit (\(b\)).

Now we will solve for the area between the two curves:

\[ A = \int_{a}^{b} [\text{Top} - \text{Bottom}] \, dx = \int_{4}^{-1} (x + 2 - (x^2 - 2x - 2)) \, dx = \int_{4}^{-1} (-x^2 + 3x + 4) \, dx \]

\[ = \left[ -\frac{x^3}{3} + \frac{3}{2}x^2 + 4x \right]_{4}^{-1} = \left[ -\frac{64}{3} + 3(4)^2 + 4(4) \right] - \left[ -\frac{(-1)^3}{3} + \frac{3}{2}(-1)^2 + 4(-1) \right] \]

\[ = \left[ -\frac{64}{3} + 24 + 16 \right] - \left[ -\frac{1}{3} + \frac{3}{2} - 4 \right] = 20.8333 \]

  1. A beauty supply store expects to sell 110 flat irons during the next year. It costs $3.75 to store one flat iron for one year. There is a fixed cost of $8.25 for each order. Find the lot size and the number of orders per year that will minimize inventory costs.

The number of orders (x) multiplied by the lot size (n) equals 110.

Let C represent costs.

\[ C = 8.25x + \frac{3.75 \times 110}{x^2} \] \[ C = 8.25x + \frac{3.75 \times 55}{x} \] \[ C = 8.25x + 206.25x \]

To minimize costs, we set the derivative equal to zero.

\[ \frac{dC}{dx} = 8.25 - \frac{206.25}{x^2} = 0 \] \[ 0 = 8.25 - \frac{206.25}{x^2} \]

Solving for x, we get:

\[ 206.25x^2 = 8.25 \] \[ \frac{206.25}{8.25} = x^2 \] \[ 25 = x^2 \]

  1. Use integration by parts to solve the integral below.

\(\int ln( 9x ) · x^6dx\)

Using integration by parts \[ \int u \, dv = uv - \int v \, du \] \[ u = \ln(9x) \quad v = \frac{x^7}{7} \] \[ du = \frac{1}{x} \, dx \quad dv = x^6 \, dx \]

\[ \int \ln(9x) \cdot x^6 \, dx = \ln(9x) \cdot \frac{x^7}{7} - \int \left(\frac{x^7}{7}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{x} \, dx \] \[ = \ln(9x) \cdot \frac{x^7}{7} - \int \frac{x^6}{7} \, dx \] \[ = \ln(9x) \cdot \frac{x^7}{7} - \frac{x^7}{49} + C \]

  1. Determine whether f (x ) is a probability density function on the interval 1, e6 . If not, determine the value of the definite integral.

\(f( x ) = 1/6x\)

\[ ( f(x) = 16x ) \]

The integral of a PDF must be equal to 1:

\[ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{61} f(x) \, dx = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{61} 16x \, dx \]

\[ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{61} f(x) \, dx = 16 \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{61} x \, dx \]

\[ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{61} f(x) \, dx = 16 \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{61} x \, dx \]

\[ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{61} f(x) \, dx = 16 \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{61} x \, dx \]

\[ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{61} f(x) \, dx = 16 \ln(x) \bigg|_{e^{61}} \]

\[ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{61} f(x) \, dx = 16 (\ln(e^{6}) - \ln(1)) \]

\[ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{61} f(x) \, dx = 16 \]

When we compute the definite integral of the function \(f(x) = 16x\) over the interval [0, \(e^6\)], the result is 1. Consequently, we conclude that the function \(f(x)\) acts as a probability density function.

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